1
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Shao R, Chen R, Zheng Q, Yao M, Li K, Cao Y, Jiang L. Oxidative stress disrupts vascular microenvironmental homeostasis affecting the development of atherosclerosis. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 39370593 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is primarily an inflammatory reaction of the cardiovascular system caused by endothelial damage, leading to progressive thickening and hardening of the vessel walls, as well as extensive necrosis and fibrosis of the surrounding tissues, the most necessary pathological process causing cardiovascular disease. When the body responds to harmful internal and external stimuli, excess oxygen free radicals are produced causing oxidative stress to occur in cells and tissues. Simultaneously, the activation of inflammatory immunological processes is followed by an elevation in oxygen free radicals, which directly initiates the release of cytokines and chemokines, resulting in a detrimental cycle of vascular homeostasis abnormalities. Oxidative stress contributes to the harm inflicted upon vascular endothelial cells and the decrease in nitric oxide levels. Nitric oxide is crucial for maintaining vascular homeostasis and is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. This study examines the influence of oxidative stress on the formation of atherosclerosis, which is facilitated by the vascular milieu. It also provides an overview of the pertinent targets and pharmaceutical approaches for treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Shao
- Medical School, Center for Translational Research in Clinical Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Medical School, Center for Translational Research in Clinical Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Mengyu Yao
- Medical School, Center for Translational Research in Clinical Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Kunlin Li
- Department of General Surgery II, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Innovative Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Medical School, Center for Translational Research in Clinical Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Innovative Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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2
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Arora S, Singh S, Mittal A, Desai N, Khatri DK, Gugulothu D, Lather V, Pandita D, Vora LK. Spheroids in cancer research: Recent advances and opportunities. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2024; 100:106033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2024.106033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2024]
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3
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Vidal-Flores LM, Reyes-Alberto M, Albor-Ramírez E, Domínguez-Velasco CF, Gutierrez-Herrera E, Padilla-Castañeda MA. Fabrication and Characterization of Brain Tissue Phantoms Using Agarose Gels for Ultraviolet Vision Systems. Gels 2024; 10:540. [PMID: 39195069 DOI: 10.3390/gels10080540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Recreating cerebral tissue using a tissue-mimicking phantom is valuable because it provides a tool for studying physiological and biological processes related to tissues without the necessity of performing the study directly in the tissue or even in a patient. The reproduction of the optical properties allows investigation in areas such as imaging, optics, and ultrasound, among others. This paper presents a methodology for manufacturing agarose-based phantoms that mimic the optical characteristics of brain tissue using scattering and absorbing agents and proposes combinations of these agents to recreate the healthy brain tissue optical coefficients within the wavelength range of 350 to 500 nm. The results of the characterization of the manufactured phantoms propose ideal combinations of the used materials for their use in controlled environment experiments in the UV range, following a cost-effective methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Vidal-Flores
- Applied Sciences and Technology Institute ICAT, National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Miguel Reyes-Alberto
- Applied Sciences and Technology Institute ICAT, National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Efraín Albor-Ramírez
- Applied Sciences and Technology Institute ICAT, National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - César F Domínguez-Velasco
- Applied Sciences and Technology Institute ICAT, National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel A Padilla-Castañeda
- Applied Sciences and Technology Institute ICAT, National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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4
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Olowolagba AM, Idowu MO, Arachchige DL, Aworinde OR, Dwivedi SK, Graham OR, Werner T, Luck RL, Liu H. Syntheses and Applications of Coumarin-Derived Fluorescent Probes for Real-Time Monitoring of NAD(P)H Dynamics in Living Cells across Diverse Chemical Environments. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5437-5451. [PMID: 38995885 PMCID: PMC11333170 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes play a crucial role in elucidating cellular processes, with NAD(P)H sensing being pivotal in understanding cellular metabolism and redox biology. Here, the development and characterization of three fluorescent probes, A, B, and C, based on the coumarin platform for monitoring of NAD(P)H levels in living cells are described. Probes A and B incorporate a coumarin-cyanine hybrid structure with vinyl and thiophene connection bridges to 3-quinolinium acceptors, respectively, while probe C introduces a dicyano moiety for replacement of the lactone carbonyl group of probe A which increases the reaction rate of the probe with NAD(P)H. Initially, all probes exhibit subdued fluorescence due to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) quenching. However, upon hydride transfer by NAD(P)H, fluorescence activation is triggered through enhanced ICT. Theoretical calculations confirm that the electronic absorption changes upon the addition of hydride to originate from the quinoline moiety instead of the coumarin section and end up in the middle section, illustrating how the addition of hydride affects the nature of this absorption. Control and dose-response experiments provide conclusive evidence of probe C's specificity and reliability in identifying intracellular NAD(P)H levels within HeLa cells. Furthermore, colocalization studies indicate probe C's selective targeting of mitochondria. Investigation into metabolic substrates reveals the influence of glucose, maltose, pyruvate, lactate, acesulfame potassium, and aspartame on NAD(P)H levels, shedding light on cellular responses to nutrient availability and artificial sweeteners. Additionally, we explore the consequence of oxaliplatin on cellular NAD(P)H levels, revealing complex interplays between DNA damage repair, metabolic reprogramming, and enzyme activities. In vivo studies utilizing starved fruit fly larvae underscore probe C's efficacy in monitoring NAD(P)H dynamics in response to external compounds. These findings highlight probe C's utility as a versatile tool for investigating NAD(P)H signaling pathways in biomedical research contexts, offering insights into cellular metabolism, stress responses, and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adenike Mary Olowolagba
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Micah Olamide Idowu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Dilka Liyana Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | | | - Sushil K Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Olivya Rose Graham
- Department of Biological Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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5
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Magesh K, Yueh Hsun L, Wu SP, Velmathi S. Mitochondrial Targetable Turn-On Fluorescent Probe for Fast Detection of NAD(P)H in Living Cells and In Vivo. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5679-5688. [PMID: 39075817 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Using colorimetric and fluorescent probes has garnered significant interest in detecting NAD(P)H within practical systems and biological organisms. Herein, we synthesized a mitochondrial targetable fluorescent probe (ISQM) for fast NAD(P)H detection in <1 min. The ISQM is positively impacted because of the quinolinium reduction facilitated by NAD(P)H. It consequently liberates the push-pull fluorophore ISQM-H with a large Stokes shift (110 nm). This release leads to a turn-on response of red-emitting fluorescence, accompanied by a meager detection limit of 59 nM. To compare the differences in the NAD(P)H levels of tumor cells and normal cells, we used ISQM to measure the fluorescent signal intensities of HeLa cells (tumor cells) and RAW 264.7 cells (normal cells), respectively. Surprisingly, the experiment, including the measurement of colocalization over time, indicated that the probe exhibits a reaction with mitochondrial NAD(P)H and trace NAD(P)H in hypoxia conditions in cancer cells. Moreover, we effectively used the probe ISQM to identify the NAD(P)H in tumor mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Magesh
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Lu Yueh Hsun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shu Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Sivan Velmathi
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
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6
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Tan SCL, Ning Y, Yu Y, Goh WP, Jiang C, Liu L, Zheng XT, Yang L. Stretchable Sweat Lactate Sensor with Dual-Signal Read-Outs. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400496. [PMID: 39037569 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Innovations in wearable sweat sensors hold great promise to provide deeper insights into molecular level health information non-invasively. Lactate, a key metabolite present in sweat, holds immense significance in assessing physiological conditions and performance in sports physiology and health sensing. This paper presents the development and characterization of stretchable electrodes with ultrahigh active surface area of 648 % for lactate sensing. The as-printed stretchable electrodes were functionalized with an electron transfer layer comprising Toluidine Blue O and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and an enzymatic layer consisting of lactate dehydrogenase with β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as the cofactor for lactate selectivity. This sensor achieves a dual-signal read-out in which both electrochemical and fluorescence signals were obtained during lactate detection, demonstrating promising sensor performance in terms of sensitivity and reliability. We demonstrate the robustness of the dual-signal sensor under simulated conditions of physical deformation and shifted excitation. Under these compromised conditions, the performance of the stretchable electrodes remained largely unaffected, showcasing their potential for robust and adaptable sensing platforms in wearable health monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherwin Chong Li Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuetong Ning
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yong Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Peng Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Changyun Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xin Ting Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Republic of Singapore
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7
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Deng S, Men X, Hu M, Liang X, Dai Y, Zhan Z, Huang Z, Chen H, Dong Z. Ratiometric fluorescence sensing NADH using AIE-dots transducers at the point of care. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116082. [PMID: 38308942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has a strong impact on physiological metabolism, and its concentration is related to metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. A more reliable and accurate detection method for NADH quantitation is needed for early disease diagnosis and point-of-care testing. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials are widely used to improve the sensitivity in analytes assays due to their anti-aggregation-caused quenching property. Here we developed TPA-BQD-Py AIE-dots transducers and evaluated its performance in NADH detection. The NADH concentration-dependent ratiometric sensing was based on electron transfer from TPA-BQD-Py AIE-dots to NADH with variable fluorescence intensity at 584 nm and 470 nm, resulting in high sensitivity (limit of detection at 110 nM), photostability, selectivity, and a rapid and reversible response. We further developed the application of TPA-BQD-Py AIE-dots transducers in in vivo NADH imaging using a smartphone and digital camera, respectively, demonstrating the potential for NADH point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiaoju Men
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, College of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Muhua Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yujuan Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhengkun Zhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhongchao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Haobin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhuxin Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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8
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Dwivedi SK, Arachchige DL, Waters M, Jaeger S, Mahmoud M, Olowolagba AM, Tucker DR, Geborkoff MR, Werner T, Luck RL, Godugu B, Liu H. Near-infrared Absorption and Emission Probes with Optimal Connection Bridges for Live Monitoring of NAD(P)H Dynamics in Living Systems. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2024; 402:135073. [PMID: 38559378 PMCID: PMC10976508 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2023.135073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Two NAD(P)H-biosensing probes consisting of 1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium and 3-quinolinium acceptors, linked by thiophene, A, and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, B, bridges are detailed. We synthesized probes C and D, replacing the thiophene connection in probe A with phenyl and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole units, respectively. Probe E was prepared by substituting probe A's 3-quinolinium unit with a 1-methylquinoxalin-1-ium unit. Solutions are non-fluorescent but in the presence of NADH, exhibit near-infrared fluorescence at 742.1 nm and 727.2 nm for probes A and B, respectively, and generate absorbance signals at 690.6 nm and 685.9 nm. In contrast, probes C and D displayed pronounced interference from NADH fluorescence at 450 nm, whereas probe E exhibited minimal fluorescence alterations in response to NAD(P)H. Pre-treatment of A549 cells with glucose in the presence of probe A led to a significant increase in fluorescence intensity. Additionally, subjecting probe A to lactate and pyruvate molecules resulted in opposite changes in NAD(P)H levels, with lactate causing a substantial increase in fluorescence intensity, conversely, pyruvate resulted in a sharp decrease. Treatment of A549 cells with varying concentrations of the drugs cisplatin, gemcitabine, and camptothecin (5, 10, and 20 μM) led to a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular fluorescence intensity, signifying a rise in NAD(P)H levels. Finally, fruit fly larvae were treated with different concentrations of NADH and cisplatin illustrating applicability to live organisms. The results demonstrated a direct correlation between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of NADH and cisplatin, respectively, further confirming the efficacy of probe A in sensing changes in NAD(P)H levels within a whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Dilka Liyana Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - May Waters
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Sophia Jaeger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Adenike Mary Olowolagba
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Daniel R Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Micaela R Geborkoff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Bhaskar Godugu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Chevron Science Center, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
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9
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Jyoti TP, Chandel S, Singh R. Flow cytometry: Aspects and application in plant and biological science. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300423. [PMID: 38010848 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a potent method that enables the quick and concurrent investigation of several characteristics of single cells in solution. Photodiodes or photomultiplier tubes are employed to detect the dispersed and fluorescent light signals that are produced by the laser beam as it passes through the cells. Photodetectors transform the light signals produced by the laser into electrical impulses. A computer then analyses these electrical impulses to identify and measure the various cell populations depending on their fluorescence or light scattering characteristics. Based on their fluorescence or light scattering properties, cell populations can be examined and/or isolated. This review covers the basic principle, components, working and specific biological applications of flow cytometry, including studies on plant, cell and molecular biology and methods employed for data processing and interpretation as well as the potential future relevance of this methodology in light of retrospective analysis and recent advancements in flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thakur Prava Jyoti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shivani Chandel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Rajveer Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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10
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Seo PW, Kim GJ, Kim JS. A short guide on blue fluorescent proteins: limits and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:208. [PMID: 38353763 PMCID: PMC10866763 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13012-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The advent of the so-called colorful biology era is in line with the discovery of fluorescent proteins (FPs), which can be widely used to detect the intracellular locations of macromolecules or to determine the abundance of metabolites in organelles. The application of multiple FPs that emit different spectra and colors could be implemented to precisely evaluate cellular events. FPs were initially established with the emergence of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from jellyfish. Red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) from marine anemones and several corals adopt fluorescent chromophores that are similar to GFP. Chromophores of GFP and GFP-like FPs are formed through the oxidative rearrangement of three chromophore-forming residues, thereby limiting their application to only oxidative environments. Alternatively, some proteins can be fluorescent upon their interaction with cellular prosthetic cofactors and, thus, work in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The modification of an NADPH-dependent blue fluorescent protein (BFP) also expanded its application to the quantization of NADPH in the cellular environment. However, cofactor-dependent BFPs have an intrinsic weakness of poor photostability with a high fluorescent background. This review explores GFP-derived and NADPH-dependent BFPs with a focus on NADPH-dependent BFPs, which might be technically feasible in the near future upon coupling with two-photon fluorescence microscopy or nucleic acid-mimickers. KEY POINTS: • Oxidation-dependent GFP-like BFPs and redox-free NADPH-dependent BFPs • GFPs of weak photostability and intensity with a high fluorescent background • Real-time imaging using mBFP under two-photon fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil-Won Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Yu X, Huang Y, Tao Y, Fan L, Zhang Y. Mitochondria-targetable small molecule fluorescent probes for the detection of cancer-associated biomarkers: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1289:342060. [PMID: 38245195 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer represents a global threat to human health, and effective strategies for improved cancer early diagnosis and treatment are urgently needed. The detection of tumor biomarkers has been one of the important auxiliary means for tumor screening and diagnosis. Mitochondria are crucial subcellular organelles that produce most chemical energy used by cells, control metabolic processes, and maintain cell function. Evidence suggests the close involvement of mitochondria with cancer development. As a consequence, the identification of cancer-associated biomarker expression levels in mitochondria holds significant importance in the diagnosis of early-stage diseases and the monitoring of therapy efficacy. Small-molecule fluorescent probes are effective for the identification and visualization of bioactive entities within biological systems, owing to their heightened sensitivity, expeditious non-invasive analysis and real-time detection capacities. The design principles and sensing mechanisms of mitochondrial targeted fluorescent probes are summarized in this review. Additionally, the biomedical applications of these probes for detecting cancer-associated biomarkers are highlighted. The limitations and challenges of fluorescent probes in vivo are also considered and some future perspectives are provided. This review is expected to provide valuable insights for the future development of novel fluorescent probes for clinical imaging, thereby contributing to the advancement of cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, PR China
| | - Yunong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, PR China
| | - Yunqi Tao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, PR China
| | - Li Fan
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, PR China.
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12
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Ben Trad F, Carré B, Delacotte J, Lemaître F, Guille-Collignon M, Arbault S, Sojic N, Labbé E, Buriez O. Electrochemiluminescent imaging of a NADH-based enzymatic reaction confined within giant liposomes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05133-y. [PMID: 38227016 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Herein, transient releases either from NADH-loaded liposomes or enzymatic reactions confined in giant liposomes were imaged by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). NADH was first encapsulated with the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ luminophore inside giant liposomes (around 100 µm in diameter) made of DOPC/DOPG phospholipids (i.e., 1,2-dioleolyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) sodium salt) on their inner- and outer-leaflet, respectively. Then, membrane permeabilization triggered upon contact between the liposome and a polarized ITO electrode surface and ECL was locally generated. Combination of amperometry, photoluminescence, and ECL provided a comprehensive monitoring of a single liposome opening and content release. In a second part, the work is focused on the ECL characterization of NADH produced by glucose dehydrogenase (GDH)-catalyzed oxidation of glucose in the confined environment delimited by the liposome membrane. This was achieved by encapsulating both the ECL and catalytic reagents (i.e., the GDH, glucose, NAD+, and [Ru(bpy)3]2+) in the liposome. In accordance with the results obtained, NADH can be used as a biologically compatible ECL co-reactant to image membrane permeabilization events of giant liposomes. Under these conditions, the ECL signal duration was rather long (around 10 s). Since many enzymatic reactions involve the NADH/NAD+ redox couple, this work opens up interesting prospects for the characterization of enzymatic reactions taking place notably in artificial cells and in confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ben Trad
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bixente Carré
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Delacotte
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS, 33400, Talence, France.
| | - Eric Labbé
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.
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13
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Arachchige DL, Dwivedi SK, Waters M, Jaeger S, Peters J, Tucker DR, Geborkoff M, Werner T, Luck RL, Godugu B, Liu H. Sensitive monitoring of NAD(P)H levels within cancer cells using mitochondria-targeted near-infrared cyanine dyes with optimized electron-withdrawing acceptors. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:448-465. [PMID: 38063074 PMCID: PMC10918806 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A series of near-infrared fluorescent probes, labeled A to E, were developed by combining electron-rich thiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene bridges with 3-quinolinium and various electron deficient groups, enabling the sensing of NAD(P)H. Probes A and B exhibit absorptions and emissions in the near-infrared range, offering advantages such as minimal interference from autofluorescence, negligible photo impairment in cells and tissues, and exceptional tissue penetration. These probes show negligible fluorescence when NADH is not present, and their absorption maxima are at 438 nm and 470 nm, respectively. In contrast, probes C-E feature absorption maxima at 450, 334 and 581 nm, respectively. Added NADH triggers the transformation of the electron-deficient 3-quinolinium units into electron-rich 1,4-dihydroquinoline units resulting in fluorescence responses which were established at 748, 730, 575, 625 and 661 for probes AH-EH, respectively, at detection limits of 0.15 μM and 0.07 μM for probes A and B, respectively. Optimized geometries based on theoretical calculations reveal non-planar geometries for probes A-E due to twisting of the 3-quinolinium and benzothiazolium units bonded to the central thiophene group, which all attain planarity upon addition of hydride resulting in absorption and fluorescence in the near-IR region for probes AH and BH in contrast to probes CH-EH which depict fluorescence in the visible range. Probe A has been successfully employed to monitor NAD(P)H levels in glycolysis and specific mitochondrial targeting. Furthermore, it has been used to assess the influence of lactate and pyruvate on the levels of NAD(P)H, to explore how hypoxia in cancer cells can elevate levels of NAD(P)H, and to visualize changes in levels of NAD(P)H under hypoxic conditions with CoCl2 treatment. Additionally, probe A has facilitated the examination of the potential impact of chemotherapy drugs, namely gemcitabine, camptothecin, and cisplatin, on metabolic processes and energy generation within cancer cells by affecting NAD(P)H levels. Treatment of A549 cancer cells with these drugs has been shown to increase NAD(P)H levels, which may contribute to their anticancer effects ultimately leading to programmed cell death or apoptosis. Moreover, probe A has been successfully employed in monitoring NAD(P)H level changes in D. melanogaster larvae treated with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilka Liyana Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Sushil K Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - May Waters
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Sophia Jaeger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Joe Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Daniel R Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Micaela Geborkoff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Bhaskar Godugu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Chevron Science Center, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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14
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Arachchige DL, Dwivedi SK, Jaeger S, Olowolagba AM, Mahmoud M, Tucker DR, Fritz DR, Werner T, Tanasova M, Luck RL, Liu H. Highly Sensitive Cyanine Dyes for Rapid Sensing of NAD(P)H in Mitochondria and First-Instar Larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3199-3212. [PMID: 37556116 PMCID: PMC10584401 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
We have developed two highly sensitive cyanine dyes, which we refer to as probes A and B. These dyes are capable of quick and sensitive sensing of NAD(P)H. The dyes were fabricated by connecting benzothiazolium and 2,3-dimethylnaphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-3-ium units to 3-quinolinium through a vinyl bond. In the absence of NAD(P)H, both probes have low fluorescence and absorption peaks at 370 and 400 nm, correspondingly. This is because of their two electron-withdrawing acceptor systems with high charge densities. However, when NAD(P)H reduces the probes' electron-withdrawing 3-quinolinium units to electron-donating 1,4-dihydroquinoline units, the probes absorb at 533 and 535 nm and fluoresce at 572 and 586 nm for A and B correspondingly. This creates well-defined donor-π-acceptor cyanine dyes. We successfully used probe A to monitor NAD(P)H levels in live cells during glycolysis, under hypoxic conditions induced by CoCl2 treatment and after treatment with cancer drugs, including cisplatin, camptothecin, and gemcitabine. Probe A was also employed to visualize NAD(P)H in Drosophila melanogaster first-instar larvae. We observed an increase in NAD(P)H levels in A549 cancer cells both under hypoxic conditions and after treatment with cancer drugs, including cisplatin, camptothecin, and gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilka Liyana Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Sushil K Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Sophia Jaeger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Adenike Mary Olowolagba
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Daniel R Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Delaney Raine Fritz
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Marina Tanasova
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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15
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Dwivedi SK, Arachchige DL, Olowolagba A, Mahmoud M, Cunnien J, Tucker DR, Fritz D, Werner T, Luck RL, Liu H. Thiophene-based organic dye with large Stokes shift and deep red emission for live cell NAD(P)H detection under varying chemical stimuli. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:6296-6307. [PMID: 37249441 PMCID: PMC10524713 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00645j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel method for synthesizing red and deep red cyanine dyes with large Stokes shifts, probes A and B, for live cell NAD(P)H detection. The probes were prepared using thiophene-based organic dyes featuring a π-conjugated bridge of thiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene units linking the 1-methylquinolinium acceptor and formyl acceptor, respectively. These probes display weak absorption peaks at 315 nm (A) and 334 nm (B) and negligible fluorescence in the absence of NADH. However, upon the presence of NADH, new absorption and fluorescence peaks appear at 477 nm and 619 nm for probe A and at 486 nm and 576 nm for probe B, respectively. This is due to the NADH-facilitated reduction of the 1-methylquinolinium unit into 1-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline, which then acts as the electron donor for the probes, leading to the formation of well-defined electron donor-acceptor dye systems. Probe A has a large Stokes shift of 144 nm, which allows for better separation between the excitation and emission spectra, reducing spectral overlap and improving the accuracy of fluorescence measurements. The probes are highly selective for NAD(P)H, water-soluble, biocompatible, and easily permeable to cells. They are also photostable and were successfully used to monitor changes in NADH concentration in live cells during glycolysis in the presence of glucose, lactate, and pyruvate, treatment of FCCP and cancer drug cisplatin, and under hypoxia triggered by CoCl2. Furthermore, the probes were able to image NAD(P)H in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Notably, cisplatin treatment increased the NAD(P)H concentration in A459 cells over time. Overall, this work presents a significant advancement in the field of live cell imaging by providing a simple and cost-effective method for detecting changes in NAD(P)H concentration under varying chemical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Dilka Liyana Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Adenike Olowolagba
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Jenna Cunnien
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Daniel R Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Delaney Fritz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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16
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A dual-salt fluorescent probe for specific recognition of mitochondrial NADH and potential cancer diagnosis. Talanta 2023; 257:124393. [PMID: 36858015 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is a kind of coenzyme and widely works as a biomarker in cancer cells. It plays a crucial role in many cellular metabolic processes, especially NADH in mitochondria is indispensable for the mitochondrial respiration chain that produces ATP. Herein, we designed a fluorescent probe Mito-FCC based on an ethylene-bridging dual-salt structure, in which benzo[e]indolium fluorophore was used as the mitochondria-targeting group and 1-methylquinolinium moiety as the NADH recognition unit. Mito-FCC exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for NADH with a rapid "turn-on" fluorescence signal. The dual-salt structure endowed the probe with a reliable mitochondria-targeted ability even after the recognition unit was reduced by NADH. With the help of the probe, the fluctuations of endogenous NADH induced by glucose or pyruvate were imaged. Besides, Mito-FCC had a capability to make a distinction between cancer cells and normal cells due that the content of NADH in cancer cells was distinctly higher than that in normal ones. Notably, the visualization of tumor in vivo through monitoring NADH using Mito-FCC was realized successfully. These experimental results showed that Mito-FCC hold a great perspective in study of mitochondrial function and potential diagnosis of cancer diseases.
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17
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Wang Y, Wang P, Li C. Fluorescence microscopic platforms imaging mitochondrial abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114841. [PMID: 37088402 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are progressive disorders that cause the degeneration of neurons. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common symptom in NDs and plays a crucial role in neuronal loss. Mitochondrial abnormalities can be observed in the early stages of NDs and evolve throughout disease progression. Visualizing mitochondrial abnormalities can help understand ND progression and develop new therapeutic strategies. Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for dynamically imaging mitochondria due to its high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. This review discusses the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and ND progression, potential biomarkers for imaging dysfunctional mitochondria, advances in fluorescence microscopy for detecting organelles, the performance of fluorescence probes in visualizing ND-associated mitochondria, and the challenges and opportunities for developing new generations of fluorescence imaging platforms for monitoring mitochondria in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University Shanghai 201203, China.
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18
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Xu L, Peng H, Huang Y, Huang C, Xie C, He G. Green extract rosemary acid as a viscosity-sensitive molecular sensor in liquid systems. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1881-1887. [PMID: 36974992 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The liquid micro-environment plays a momentous role in the regulation of various activities, and the abnormal changes are often closely related to the deterioration phenomena in multiple beverages. The local viscosity fluctuation has long been regarded as a key indicator to reflect the micro-environmental status changes. Herein, we proposed a versatile optical sensor, rosmarinic acid (RA), one kind of green natural product extracted from rosemary, for monitoring liquid micro-environmental viscosity alterations. RA displays a larger Stokes shift (123.8 nm) with narrow-band energy and exhibits wide adaptability, high selectivity, good sensitivity, and excellent photostability in various commercial liquids. When in high viscous media, a bright fluorescent signal of RA is specifically activated, and a high signal-to-noise ratio signal was released (58-fold). With the assistance of the fluorescence analytical technique, we have successfully achieved tracking the viscosity fluctuations during the deterioration stage of liquids via an in situ and visualization method. Our study will spur additional research on the molecular tools extracted from natural products for liquid safety inspection, and a convenient and sustainable application pathway has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, College of Materials Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China.
| | - Yanrong Huang
- School of Modern Agriculture and Forestry Engineering, Ji'an Vocational and Technical College, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Chunfang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China.
| | - Chengning Xie
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Genhe He
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China.
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19
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Liu P, Liu YL, Huang H, Bai G, Peng YJ. Theoretical investigation on FRET strategy of ratio metric fluorescent probe sensing hydrogen sulfide. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 289:122223. [PMID: 36502747 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The level of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in human body is related to many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, etc. Therefore, the detection of H2S level in biological systems is very important and has attracted great attention from scientific and clinical researchers. Understanding the design and working mechanism of fluorescent probes for H2S level detection is important for building new highly efficient fluorescent probe. The mechanisms of a recently reported efficient small molecule fluorescent probe based on the Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) were investigated thoroughly in this work. The theoretical results would provide the insights for designing new efficient and multi-functional fluorescent probe applicable in the biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Liu
- Affiliated First Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Yu-Ling Liu
- College of Bio-informational Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - He Huang
- College of Bio-informational Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Guang Bai
- Affiliated First Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Yong-Jin Peng
- College of Bio-informational Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China.
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20
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Duan DC, Liu J, Zheng YL, Chen H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Dai F, Zhang S, Zhou B. Cellular and Intravital Imaging of NAD(P)H by a Red-Emitting Quinolinium-Based Fluorescent Probe that Features a Shift of Its Product from Mitochondria to the Nucleus. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1335-1342. [PMID: 36573639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
NAD(P)H is a vital hydrogen donor and electron carrier involved in numerous biological processes. The development of small-molecule tools for intravital imaging of NAD(P)H is significant for further exploring their pathophysiological roles. Herein, we rationally designed a fluorescent probe NADH-R by a simple graft of pyridiniumylbutenenitrile on a 1-methylquinolinium moiety in the 3-position. Benefited from the reduction of quinolinium by NAD(P)H, this probe releases the free push-pull fluorophore NADH-RH, allowing a turn-on red-emitting fluorescence response together with an ultralow detection limit of 12 nM. Under the assistance of the probe, we first monitored exogenous and endogenous generation of NAD(P)H in living cells, subsequently observed dynamic changes of NAD(P)H levels in living cells under different metabolic perturbations, and finally visualized the declined NAD(P)H levels in live mouse brain in a stroke model. Unexpectedly, the time-dependent colocalization experiment revealed that the probe reacts with mitochondrial NAD(P)H, followed by a shift of its reduced product NADH-RH from mitochondria to the nucleus, highlighting that NADH-RH is a novel nucleus-directed dye scaffold, which would facilitate the development of nucleus-targeting fluorescent probes and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Junru Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Ya-Long Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
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21
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Viviano-Posadas AO, Romero-Mendoza U, Bazany-Rodríguez IJ, Velázquez-Castillo RV, Martínez-Otero D, Bautista-Renedo JM, González-Rivas N, Galindo-Murillo R, Salomón-Flores MK, Dorazco-González A. Efficient fluorescent recognition of ATP/GTP by a water-soluble bisquinolinium pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide compound. Crystal structures, spectroscopic studies and interaction mode with DNA. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27826-27838. [PMID: 36320280 PMCID: PMC9520314 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05040d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The new dicationic pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide-based compound 1 bearing two N-alkylquinolinium units was synthesized, structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and studied in-depth as a fluorescent receptor for nucleotides and inorganic phosphorylated anions in pure water. The addition of nucleotides to 1 at pH = 7.0 quenches its blue emission with a selective affinity towards adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine 5'-tripohosphate (GTP) over other nucleotides such CTP, UTP, ADP, AMP, dicarboxylates and inorganic anions. On the basis of the spectroscopic tools (1H, 31P NMR, UV-vis, fluorescence), MS measurements and DFT calculations, receptor 1 binds ATP with high affinity (log K = 5.04) through the simultaneous formation of strong hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions between the adenosine fragment and quinolinium ring with binding energy calculated in 8.7 kcal mol-1. High affinity for ATP/GTP is attributed to the high acidity of amides and preorganized rigid structure of 1. Receptor 1 is an order of magnitude more selective for ATP than GTP. An efficient photoinduced electron transfer quenching mechanism with simultaneous receptor-ATP complexation in both the excited and ground states is proposed. Additionally, multiple spectroscopic studies and molecular dynamics simulations showed that 1 can intercalate into DNA base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro O Viviano-Posadas
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., 04510 Mexico +52-55-56224514
| | - Ulises Romero-Mendoza
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., 04510 Mexico +52-55-56224514
| | - Iván J Bazany-Rodríguez
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., 04510 Mexico +52-55-56224514
| | - Rocío V Velázquez-Castillo
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., 04510 Mexico +52-55-56224514
| | - Diego Martínez-Otero
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM km 14.5 Carrera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Campus UAEMex "El Rosedal" San Cayetano-Toluca Toluca de Lerdo 50200 Estado de México Mexico
| | - Joanatan M Bautista-Renedo
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM km 14.5 Carrera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Campus UAEMex "El Rosedal" San Cayetano-Toluca Toluca de Lerdo 50200 Estado de México Mexico
| | - Nelly González-Rivas
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM km 14.5 Carrera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Campus UAEMex "El Rosedal" San Cayetano-Toluca Toluca de Lerdo 50200 Estado de México Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Galindo-Murillo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah 2000 East 30 South Skaggs 306 Salt Lake City 84112 Utah USA
| | - María K Salomón-Flores
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., 04510 Mexico +52-55-56224514
| | - Alejandro Dorazco-González
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., 04510 Mexico +52-55-56224514
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22
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Yao L, Yin C, Huo F. Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Detecting Several Abnormally Expressed Substances in Tumors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1328. [PMID: 36014250 PMCID: PMC9412406 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumors have always been the biggest problem facing human survival, and a huge number of people die from cancer every year. Therefore, the identification and detection of malignant tumors have far-reaching significance for human survival and development. Some substances are abnormally expressed in tumors, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitroreductase (NTR), pH, biothiols (GSH, Cys, Hcy), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen sulfide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and NADH. Consequently, it is of great value to diagnose and treat malignant tumors due to the identification and detection of these substances. Compared with traditional tumor detection methods, fluorescence imaging technology has the advantages of an inexpensive cost, fast detection and high sensitivity. Herein, we mainly introduce the research progress of fluorescent probes for identifying and detecting abnormally expressed substances in several tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yao
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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23
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Liu YL, Huang H, Peng YJ. Fluorescent probe for simultaneous detection of human serum albumin and sulfite: A theoretical analysis. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Morphology transition of Ag nanoprisms as a platform to design a dual sensor for NADH sensitive assay. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Zhang Y, Liyana Arachchige D, Olowolagba A, Luck RL, Liu H. Near-infrared Fluorescent Probe Based on Rhodamine Derivative for Detection of NADH in Live Cells. Methods 2022; 204:22-28. [PMID: 35381337 PMCID: PMC9233151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A near-infrared fluorescent probe was prepared for selective detection of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in live cells. The probe turns off the fluorescence with a closed spironolactone switch. However, reduction of the probe by NADH turns on fluorescence at 740 nm. Theoretical calculations suggest a more planar arrangement between the rhodamine and quinoline moieties with increased π-delocalization resulting from reduction.
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26
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Wang X, Zhao Y, Hua Q, Lu J, Tang F, Sun W, Luan F, Zhuang X, Tian C. An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensor for the detection of total bacterial count in environmental and biological samples based on a novel sulfur quantum dot luminophore. Analyst 2022; 147:1716-1721. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemiluminescence sensor for total bacterial count detection based on sulfur quantum dots with β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as an important parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qing Hua
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Feiyan Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Feng Luan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xuming Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chunyuan Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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27
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Wang Q, Lin S, Liu X, Xu W, Xiao Y, Liang C, Ding L, Peeters FM. Photoluminescence and electronic transition behaviors of single-stranded DNA. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:034412. [PMID: 34654201 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.034412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Due to the potential application of DNA for biophysics and optoelectronics, the electronic energy states and transitions of this genetic material have attracted a great deal of attention recently. However, the fluorescence and corresponding physical process of DNA under optical excitation with photon energies below ultraviolet are still not fully clear. In this work, we experimentally investigate the photoluminescence (PL) properties of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) samples under near-ultraviolet (NUV) and visible excitations (270∼440 nm). Based on the dependence of the PL peak wavelength (λ_{em}) upon the excitation wavelength (λ_{ex}), the PL behaviors of ssDNA can be approximately classified into two categories. In the relatively short excitation wavelength regime, λ_{em} is nearly constant due to exciton-like transitions associated with delocalized excitonic states and excimer states. In the relatively long excitation wavelength range, a linear relation of λ_{em}=Aλ_{ex}+B with A>0 or A<0 can be observed, which comes from electronic transitions related to coupled vibrational-electronic levels. Moreover, the transition channels in different excitation wavelength regimes and the effects of strand length and base type can be analyzed on the basis of these results. These important findings not only can give a general description of the electronic energy states and transitional behaviors of ssDNA samples under NUV and visible excitations, but also can be the basis for the application of DNA in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujin Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Key Lab of Quantum Information of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shuo Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Key Lab of Quantum Information of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Key Lab of Quantum Information of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Wen Xu
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Key Lab of Quantum Information of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.,Micro Optical Instruments Inc., 518118 Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yiming Xiao
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Key Lab of Quantum Information of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Changneng Liang
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Key Lab of Quantum Information of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Lan Ding
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Key Lab of Quantum Information of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - F M Peeters
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Key Lab of Quantum Information of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.,Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
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28
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López-Alled CM, Park SJ, Lee DJ, Murfin LC, Kociok-Köhn G, Hann JL, Wenk J, James TD, Kim HM, Lewis SE. Azulene-based fluorescent chemosensor for adenosine diphosphate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10608-10611. [PMID: 34570136 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04122c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AzuFluor® 435-DPA-Zn, an azulene fluorophore bearing two zinc(II)-dipicolylamine receptor motifs, exhibits fluorescence enhancement in the presence of adenosine diphosphate. Selectivity for ADP over ATP, AMP and PPi results from appropriate positioning of the receptor motifs, since an isomeric sensor cannot discriminate between ADP and ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M López-Alled
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. .,Centre for Sustainable Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Sang Jun Park
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea.
| | - Dong Joon Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea.
| | - Lloyd C Murfin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Material and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jodie L Hann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Jannis Wenk
- Centre for Sustainable Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. .,Centre for Sustainable Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea.
| | - Simon E Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. .,Centre for Sustainable Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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29
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Akter S, Khan MS, Smith EN, Flashman E. Measuring ROS and redox markers in plant cells. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1384-1401. [PMID: 34704044 PMCID: PMC8495998 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced throughout plant cells as a by-product of electron transfer processes. While highly oxidative and potentially damaging to a range of biomolecules, there exists a suite of ROS-scavenging antioxidant strategies that maintain a redox equilibrium. This balance can be disrupted in the event of cellular stress leading to increased ROS levels, which can act as a useful stress signal but, in excess, can result in cell damage and death. As crop plants become exposed to greater degrees of multiple stresses due to climate change, efforts are ongoing to engineer plants with greater stress tolerance. It is therefore important to understand the pathways underpinning ROS-mediated signalling and damage, both through measuring ROS themselves and other indicators of redox imbalance. The highly reactive and transient nature of ROS makes this challenging to achieve, particularly in a way that is specific to individual ROS species. In this review, we describe the range of chemical and biological tools and techniques currently available for ROS and redox marker measurement in plant cells and tissues. We discuss the limitations inherent in current methodology and opportunities for advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Akter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahneawz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
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