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Rinauro DJ, Chiti F, Vendruscolo M, Limbocker R. Misfolded protein oligomers: mechanisms of formation, cytotoxic effects, and pharmacological approaches against protein misfolding diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:20. [PMID: 38378578 PMCID: PMC10877934 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The conversion of native peptides and proteins into amyloid aggregates is a hallmark of over 50 human disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Increasing evidence implicates misfolded protein oligomers produced during the amyloid formation process as the primary cytotoxic agents in many of these devastating conditions. In this review, we analyze the processes by which oligomers are formed, their structures, physicochemical properties, population dynamics, and the mechanisms of their cytotoxicity. We then focus on drug discovery strategies that target the formation of oligomers and their ability to disrupt cell physiology and trigger degenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J Rinauro
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA.
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2
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Poonsiri T, Dell’Accantera D, Loconte V, Casnati A, Cervoni L, Arcovito A, Benini S, Ferrari A, Cipolloni M, Cacioni E, De Franco F, Giacchè N, Rinaldo S, Folli C, Sansone F, Berni R, Cianci M. 3-O-Methyltolcapone and Its Lipophilic Analogues Are Potent Inhibitors of Transthyretin Amyloidogenesis with High Permeability and Low Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:479. [PMID: 38203650 PMCID: PMC10779086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is an amyloidogenic homotetramer involved in the transport of thyroxine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. To date, more than 130 TTR point mutations are known to destabilise the TTR tetramer, leading to its extracellular pathological aggregation accumulating in several organs, such as heart, peripheral and autonomic nerves, and leptomeninges. Tolcapone is an FDA-approved drug for Parkinson's disease that has been repurposed as a TTR stabiliser. We characterised 3-O-methyltolcapone and two newly synthesized lipophilic analogues, which are expected to be protected from the metabolic glucuronidation that is responsible for the lability of tolcapone in the organism. Immunoblotting assays indicated the high degree of TTR stabilisation, coupled with binding selectivity towards TTR in diluted plasma of 3-O-methyltolcapone and its lipophilic analogues. Furthermore, in vitro toxicity data showed their several-fold improved neuronal and hepatic safety compared to tolcapone. Calorimetric and structural data showed that both T4 binding sites of TTR are occupied by 3-O-methyltolcapone and its lipophilic analogs, consistent with an effective TTR tetramer stabilisation. Moreover, in vitro permeability studies showed that the three compounds can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier, which is a prerequisite for the inhibition of TTR amyloidogenesis in the cerebrospinal fluid. Our data demonstrate the relevance of 3-O-methyltolcapone and its lipophilic analogs as potent inhibitors of TTR amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanalai Poonsiri
- Bioorganic Chemistry and Bio-Crystallography Laboratory (B2Cl), Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (T.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Davide Dell’Accantera
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.D.); (A.C.); (F.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Valentina Loconte
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.D.); (A.C.); (F.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Laura Cervoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Alessandro Arcovito
- Department of Biotechnological Sciences and Intensive Care, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Benini
- Bioorganic Chemistry and Bio-Crystallography Laboratory (B2Cl), Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (T.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Alberto Ferrari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Marco Cipolloni
- TES Pharma S.r.l., Via P. Togliatti 20, Corciano, 06073 Perugia, Italy; (M.C.); (E.C.); (F.D.F.); (N.G.)
| | - Elisa Cacioni
- TES Pharma S.r.l., Via P. Togliatti 20, Corciano, 06073 Perugia, Italy; (M.C.); (E.C.); (F.D.F.); (N.G.)
| | - Francesca De Franco
- TES Pharma S.r.l., Via P. Togliatti 20, Corciano, 06073 Perugia, Italy; (M.C.); (E.C.); (F.D.F.); (N.G.)
| | - Nicola Giacchè
- TES Pharma S.r.l., Via P. Togliatti 20, Corciano, 06073 Perugia, Italy; (M.C.); (E.C.); (F.D.F.); (N.G.)
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Claudia Folli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Francesco Sansone
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.D.); (A.C.); (F.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Rodolfo Berni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.D.); (A.C.); (F.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Michele Cianci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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3
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Ciccone L, Camodeca C, Tonali N, Barlettani L, Rossello A, Fruchart Gaillard C, Kaffy J, Petrarolo G, La Motta C, Nencetti S, Orlandini E. New Hybrid Compounds Incorporating Natural Products as Multifunctional Agents against Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2369. [PMID: 37896129 PMCID: PMC10610016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of new hybrid derivatives 1a-c, 2a-c, 3a-c, 4a-c, 5a-c, inspired by nature, were synthesized and studied as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These compounds were designed to merge together the trifluoromethyl benzyloxyaminic bioactive moiety, previously identified, with different acids available in nature. The ability of the synthesized compounds to chelate biometals, such as Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+, was studied by UV-Vis spectrometer, and through a preliminary screening their antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH. Then, selected compounds were tested by in vitro ABTS free radical method and ex vivo rat brain TBARS assay. Compounds 2a-c, combining the strongest antioxidant and biometal chelators activities, were studied for their ability to contrast Aβ1-40 fibrillization process. Finally, starting from the promising profile obtained for compound 2a, we evaluated if it could be able to induce a positive cross-interaction between transthyretin (TTR) and Aβ in presence and in absence of Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Caterina Camodeca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Nicolò Tonali
- CNRS, BioCIS, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, Université Paris-Saclay, 17 Av. des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France; (N.T.); (J.K.)
| | - Lucia Barlettani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Armando Rossello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Carole Fruchart Gaillard
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Université Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Julia Kaffy
- CNRS, BioCIS, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, Université Paris-Saclay, 17 Av. des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France; (N.T.); (J.K.)
| | - Giovanni Petrarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Susanna Nencetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (L.B.); (A.R.); (G.P.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Orlandini
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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4
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Yan NL, Morgan GJ, Petrassi HM, Wilson IA, Kelly JW. Pharmacological stabilization of the native state of full-length immunoglobulin light chains to treat light chain amyloidosis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102319. [PMID: 37279624 PMCID: PMC10523890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a cancer of plasma cells that secrete unstable full-length immunoglobulin light chains. These light chains misfold and aggregate, often with aberrant endoproteolysis, leading to organ toxicity. AL is currently treated by pharmacological elimination of the clonal plasma cells. Since it remains difficult to completely kill these cells in the majority of patients, we seek a complementary drug that inhibits light chain aggregation, which should diminish organ toxicity. We discovered a small-molecule binding site on full-length immunoglobulin light chains by structurally characterizing hit stabilizers emerging from a high-throughput screen seeking small molecules that protect full-length light chains from conformational excursion-linked endoproteolysis. The x-ray crystallographic characterization of 7 structurally distinct hit native-state stabilizers provided a structure-based blueprint, reviewed herein, to design more potent stabilizers. This approach enabled us to transform hits with micromolar affinity into stabilizers with nanomolar dissociation constants that potently prevent light chain aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - H Michael Petrassi
- Protego Biopharma, 10945 Vista Sorrento Parkway, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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5
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Duan G, Li Y, Ye M, Liu H, Wang N, Luo S. The Regulatory Mechanism of Transthyretin Irreversible Aggregation through Liquid-to-Solid Phase Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043729. [PMID: 36835140 PMCID: PMC9960511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) aggregation and amyloid formation are associated with several ATTR diseases, such as senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA) and familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). However, the mechanism that triggers the initial pathologic aggregation process of TTR remains largely elusive. Lately, increasing evidence has suggested that many proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and subsequent liquid-to-solid phase transition before the formation of amyloid fibrils. Here, we demonstrate that electrostatic interactions mediate LLPS of TTR, followed by a liquid-solid phase transition, and eventually the formation of amyloid fibrils under a mildly acidic pH in vitro. Furthermore, pathogenic mutations (V30M, R34T, and K35T) of TTR and heparin promote the process of phase transition and facilitate the formation of fibrillar aggregates. In addition, S-cysteinylation, which is a kind of post-translational modification of TTR, reduces the kinetic stability of TTR and increases the propensity for aggregation, while another modification, S-sulfonation, stabilizes the TTR tetramer and reduces the aggregation rate. Once TTR was S-cysteinylated or S-sulfonated, they dramatically underwent the process of phase transition, providing a foundation for post-translational modifications that could modulate TTR LLPS in the context of pathological interactions. These novel findings reveal molecular insights into the mechanism of TTR from initial LLPS and subsequent liquid-to-solid phase transition to amyloid fibrils, providing a new dimension for ATTR therapy.
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6
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Decourt B, Noorda K, Noorda K, Shi J, Sabbagh MN. Review of Advanced Drug Trials Focusing on the Reduction of Brain Beta-Amyloid to Prevent and Treat Dementia. J Exp Pharmacol 2022; 14:331-352. [PMID: 36339394 PMCID: PMC9632331 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s265626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and typically affects patients older than age 65. Around this age, the number of neurons begins to gradually decrease in healthy brains, but brains of patients with AD show a marked increase in neuron death, often resulting in a significant loss of cognitive abilities. Cognitive skills affected include information retention, recognition capabilities, and language skills. At present, AD can be definitively diagnosed only through postmortem brain biopsies via the detection of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau neurofibrillary tangles. Because the levels of both Aβ plaques and tau tangles are increased, these 2 proteins are thought to be related to disease progression. Although relatively little is known about the cause of AD and its exact pathobiological development, many forms of treatment have been investigated to determine an effective method for managing AD symptoms by targeting Aβ. These treatments include but are not limited to using small molecules to alter the interactions of Aβ monomers, reducing hyperactivation of neuronal circuits altering Aβ's molecular pathway of synthesis, improving degradation of Aβ, employing passive immunity approaches, and stimulating patients' active immunity to target Aβ. This review summarizes the current therapeutic interventions in Phase II/III of clinical development or higher that are capable of reducing abnormal brain Aβ levels to determine which treatments show the greatest likelihood of clinical efficacy. We conclude that, in the near future, the most promising therapeutic interventions for brain Aβ pathology will likely be passive immunotherapies, with aducanumab and donanemab leading the way, and that these drugs may be combined with antidepressants and acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, which can modulate Aβ synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Decourt
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | | | | | - Jiong Shi
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Alzheimer’s and Memory Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Spatharas PM, Nasi GI, Tsiolaki PL, Theodoropoulou MK, Papandreou NC, Hoenger A, Trougakos IP, Iconomidou VA. Clusterin in Alzheimer's disease: An amyloidogenic inhibitor of amyloid formation? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Faravelli G, Mondani V, Mangione PP, Raimondi S, Marchese L, Lavatelli F, Stoppini M, Corazza A, Canetti D, Verona G, Obici L, Taylor GW, Gillmore JD, Giorgetti S, Bellotti V. Amyloid Formation by Globular Proteins: The Need to Narrow the Gap Between in Vitro and in Vivo Mechanisms. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:830006. [PMID: 35237660 PMCID: PMC8883118 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.830006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The globular to fibrillar transition of proteins represents a key pathogenic event in the development of amyloid diseases. Although systemic amyloidoses share the common characteristic of amyloid deposition in the extracellular matrix, they are clinically heterogeneous as the affected organs may vary. The observation that precursors of amyloid fibrils derived from circulating globular plasma proteins led to huge efforts in trying to elucidate the structural events determining the protein metamorphosis from their globular to fibrillar state. Whereas the process of metamorphosis has inspired poets and writers from Ovid to Kafka, protein metamorphism is a more recent concept. It is an ideal metaphor in biochemistry for studying the protein folding paradigm and investigating determinants of folding dynamics. Although we have learned how to transform both normal and pathogenic globular proteins into fibrillar polymers in vitro, the events occurring in vivo, are far more complex and yet to be explained. A major gap still exists between in vivo and in vitro models of fibrillogenesis as the biological complexity of the disease in living organisms cannot be reproduced at the same extent in the test tube. Reviewing the major scientific attempts to monitor the amyloidogenic metamorphosis of globular proteins in systems of increasing complexity, from cell culture to human tissues, may help to bridge the gap between the experimental models and the actual pathological events in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Faravelli
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Mondani
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P. Patrizia Mangione
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Loredana Marchese
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Lavatelli
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Stoppini
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Corazza
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Canetti
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guglielmo Verona
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Obici
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Graham W. Taylor
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian D. Gillmore
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London and Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Giorgetti
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vittorio Bellotti, ,
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Lewkowicz E, Gursky O. Dynamic protein structures in normal function and pathologic misfolding in systemic amyloidosis. Biophys Chem 2022; 280:106699. [PMID: 34773861 PMCID: PMC9416430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic and disordered regions in native proteins are often critical for their function, particularly in ligand binding and signaling. In certain proteins, however, such regions can contribute to misfolding and pathologic deposition as amyloid fibrils in vivo. For example, dynamic and disordered regions can promote amyloid formation by destabilizing the native structure, by directly triggering the aggregation, by promoting protein condensation, or by acting as sites of early proteolytic cleavage that favor a release of aggregation-prone fragments or facilitate fibril maturation. At the same time, enhanced dynamics in the native protein state accelerates proteolytic degradation that counteracts amyloid accumulation in vivo. Therefore, the functional need for dynamic protein regions must be balanced against their inherently labile nature. How exactly this balance is achieved and how is it shifted upon amyloidogenic mutations or post-translational modifications? To illustrate possible scenarios, here we review the beneficial and pathologic roles of dynamic and disordered regions in the native states of three families of human plasma proteins that form amyloid precursors in systemic amyloidoses: immunoglobulin light chain, apolipoproteins, and serum amyloid A. Analysis of structure, stability and local dynamics of these diverse proteins and their amyloidogenic variants exemplifies how disordered/dynamic regions can provide a functional advantage as well as an Achilles heel in pathologic amyloid formation.
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Reum Han A, Hee Jeon E, Woo Kim K, Ki Lee S, Ohn CY, Jean Park S, Sook Kang N, Koo TS, Bum Hong K, Choi S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of quinolone derivatives as transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors and fluorescence sensors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 53:116550. [PMID: 34890995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Under certain conditions, numerous soluble proteins possess an inherent tendency to convert into insoluble amyloid aggregates, which are associated with several sporadic and genetic human diseases. Transthyretin (TTR) is one of the more than 30 human amyloidogenic proteins involved in conditions such as senile systemic amyloidosis, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, and familial amyloid cardiomyopathy. Considerable effort has been focused on identifying the native tetrameric TTR stabilizers to inhibit rate-limiting tetramer dissociation and, consequently, ameliorate TTR amyloidogenesis. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives that could be structurally complementary to the thyroxine-binding site within tetrameric TTR. Among these quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives, compound 7a allowed 16.7% of V30M-TTR (3.6 μM) fibril formation at the same concentration and 49.6% at a concentration of 1.8 μM. Compound 7a exhibited much greater potency in complex biological samples like human plasma than that observed with tafamidis, the drug approved for the treatment of TTR amyloid cardiomyopathy for wild-type or hereditary TTR-mediated amyloidosis. Furthermore, the unique spectral properties of compound 7a demonstrated its high potential for TTR quantification, imaging sensors, and fluorescent tools to study the mechanism of TTR amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Reum Han
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Jeon
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Woo Kim
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ki Lee
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yeong Ohn
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jean Park
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, 534-2 Yeonsu 3-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kang
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Koo
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bum Hong
- New Drug Development Center (NDDC), Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungwook Choi
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Hommen F, Bilican S, Vilchez D. Protein clearance strategies for disease intervention. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 129:141-172. [PMID: 34689261 PMCID: PMC8541819 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is essential for cell function and viability. Unwanted, damaged, misfolded and aggregated proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Growing evidence indicates that alterations in these major proteolytic mechanisms lead to a demise in proteostasis, contributing to the onset and development of distinct diseases. Indeed, dysregulation of the UPS or autophagy is linked to several neurodegenerative, infectious and inflammatory disorders as well as cancer. Thus, modulation of protein clearance pathways is a promising approach for therapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent findings and open questions on how targeting proteolytic mechanisms could be applied for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hommen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saygın Bilican
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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12
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Salahuddin P, Khan RH, Furkan M, Uversky VN, Islam Z, Fatima MT. Mechanisms of amyloid proteins aggregation and their inhibition by antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, nano-particles and nano-bodies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:580-590. [PMID: 34271045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation can be induced by a wide variety of factors, such as dominant disease-associated mutations, changes in the environmental conditions (pH, temperature, ionic strength, protein concentration, exposure to transition metal ions, exposure to toxins, posttranslational modifications including glycation, phosphorylation, and sulfation). Misfolded intermediates interact with similar intermediates and progressively form dimers, oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils. In amyloidoses, fibrillar aggregates are deposited in the tissues either as intracellular inclusion or extracellular plaques (amyloid). When such proteinaceous deposit occurs in the neuronal cells, it initiates degeneration of neurons and consequently resulting in the manifestation of various neurodegenerative diseases. Several different types of molecules have been designed and tested both in vitro and in vivo to evaluate their anti-amyloidogenic efficacies. For instance, the native structure of a protein associated with amyloidosis could be stabilized by ligands, antibodies could be used to remove plaques, oligomer-specific antibody A11 could be used to remove oligomers, or prefibrillar aggregates could be removed by affibodies. Keeping the above views in mind, in this review we have discussed protein misfolding and aggregation, mechanisms of protein aggregation, factors responsible for aggregations, and strategies for aggregation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Salahuddin
- DISC, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, A.M.U., Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, A.M.U., Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Mohammad Furkan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, A.M.U., Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia; Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zeyaul Islam
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Munazza Tamkeen Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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13
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Biesaga M, Frigolé-Vivas M, Salvatella X. Intrinsically disordered proteins and biomolecular condensates as drug targets. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 62:90-100. [PMID: 33812316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered domains represent attractive therapeutic targets because they play key roles in cancer, as well as in neurodegenerative and infectious diseases. They are, however, considered undruggable because they do not form stable binding pockets for small molecules and, therefore, have not been prioritized in drug discovery. Under physiological solution conditions many biomedically relevant intrinsically disordered proteins undergo phase separation processes leading to the formation of mesoscopic highly dynamic assemblies, generally known as biomolecular condensates that define environments that can be quite different from the solutions surrounding them. In what follows, we review key recent findings in this area and show how biomolecular condensation can offer opportunities for modulating the activities of intrinsically disordered targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Biesaga
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Joint BSC-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Frigolé-Vivas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Joint BSC-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Salvatella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Joint BSC-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Burton A, Castaño A, Bruno M, Riley S, Schumacher J, Sultan MB, See Tai S, Judge DP, Patel JK, Kelly JW. Drug Discovery and Development in Rare Diseases: Taking a Closer Look at the Tafamidis Story. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:1225-1243. [PMID: 33776421 PMCID: PMC7987260 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s289772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases are increasingly recognized as a global public health priority. Governments worldwide currently provide important incentives to stimulate the discovery and development of orphan drugs for the treatment of these conditions, but substantial scientific, clinical, and regulatory challenges remain. Tafamidis is a first-in-class, disease-modifying transthyretin (TTR) kinetic stabilizer that represents a major breakthrough in the treatment of transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis). ATTR amyloidosis is a rare, progressive, and fatal systemic disorder caused by aggregation of misfolded TTR and extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils in various tissues and organs, including the heart and nervous systems. In this review, we present the successful development of tafamidis spanning 3 decades, marked by meticulous laboratory research into disease mechanisms and natural history, and innovative clinical study design and implementation. These efforts established the safety and efficacy profile of tafamidis, leading to its regulatory approval, and enabled post-approval initiatives that further support patients with ATTR amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steve Riley
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | | | - Marla B Sultan
- Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandi See Tai
- Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Daniel P Judge
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jignesh K Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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15
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He S, He X, Liu L, Zhang W, Yu L, Deng Z, Feiyi Z, Mo S, Fan Y, Zhao X, Wang L, Wang C, Zhang S. The Structural Understanding of Transthyretin Misfolding and the Inspired Drug Approaches for the Treatment of Heart Failure Associated With Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628184. [PMID: 33679409 PMCID: PMC7930814 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial controversies exist in the exploration of the molecular mechanism of heart failure (HF) and pose challenges to the diagnosis of HF and the discovery of specific drugs for the treatment. Recently, cardiac transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is becoming recognized as one of major causes of underdiagnosed HF. The investigation and modulation of TTR misfolding and amyloidal aggregation open up a new revenue to reveal the molecular mechanisms of HF and provide new possibilities for the treatment of HF. The aim of this review is to briefly introduce the recent advances in the study of TTR native and misfolding structures, discuss the correlation between the genotype and phenotype of cardiac TTR amyloidosis, and summarize the therapeutic applications of TTR structural stabilizers in the treatment of TTR amyloidosis-associated HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue He
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Feiyi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shanshan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Hu J, Sun XM, Su JY, Zhao YF, Chen YX. Different phosphorylation and farnesylation patterns tune Rnd3-14-3-3 interaction in distinct mechanisms. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4432-4442. [PMID: 34163708 PMCID: PMC8179448 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05838f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are often involved in the mediation or inhibition of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) within many cellular signaling pathways. Uncovering the molecular mechanism of PTM-induced multivalent PPIs is vital to understand the regulatory factors to promote inhibitor development. Herein, Rnd3 peptides with different PTM patterns as the binding epitopes and 14-3-3ζ protein were used as models to elucidate the influences of phosphorylation and farnesylation on binding thermodynamics and kinetics and their molecular mechanism. The quantitative thermodynamic results indicate that phosphorylated residues S210 and S218 (pS210 and pS218) and farnesylated C241 (fC241) enhance Rnd3-14-3-3ζ interactions in the presence of the essential pS240. However, distinct PTM patterns greatly affect the binding process. Initial association of pS240 with the phosphate-binding pocket of one monomer of the 14-3-3ζ dimer triggers the binding of pS210 or pS218 to another monomer, whereas the binding of fC241 to the hydrophobic groove on one 14-3-3ζ monomer induces the subsequent binding of pS240 to the adjacent pocket on the same monomer. Based on the experimental and molecular simulation results, we estimate that pS210/pS218 and pS240 mediate the multivalent interaction through an additive mechanism, whereas fC241 and pS240 follow an induced fit mechanism, in which the cooperativity of these two adjacent PTMs is reflected by the index ε described in our established thermodynamic binding model. Besides, these proposed binding models have been further used for describing the interaction between 14-3-3ζ and other substrates containing adjacent phosphorylation and lipidation groups, indicating their potential in general applications. These mechanistic insights are significant for understanding the regulatory factors and the design of PPI modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xue-Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jing-Yun Su
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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17
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Cotrina EY, Vilà M, Nieto J, Arsequell G, Planas A. Preparative Scale Production of Recombinant Human Transthyretin for Biophysical Studies of Protein-Ligand and Protein-Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249640. [PMID: 33348885 PMCID: PMC7766448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human transthyretin (hTTR), a serum protein with a main role in transporting thyroid hormones and retinol through binding to the retinol-binding protein, is an amyloidogenic protein involved in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy, and central nervous system selective amyloidosis. hTTR also has a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer disease, being the major Aβ binding protein in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that prevents amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation with consequent abrogation of toxicity. Here we report an optimized preparative expression and purification protocol of hTTR (wt and amyloidogenic mutants) for in vitro screening assays of TTR ligands acting as amyloidogenesis inhibitors or acting as molecular chaperones to enhance the TTR:Aβ interaction. Preparative yields were up to 660 mg of homogenous protein per L of culture in fed-batch bioreactor. The recombinant wt protein is mainly unmodified at Cys10, the single cysteine in the protein sequence, whereas the highly amyloidogenic Y78F variant renders mainly the S-glutathionated form, which has essentially the same amyloidogenic behavior than the reduced protein with free Cys10. The TTR production protocol has shown inter-batch reproducibility of expression and protein quality for in vitro screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y. Cotrina
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.Y.C.); (M.V.); (J.N.)
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marta Vilà
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.Y.C.); (M.V.); (J.N.)
| | - Joan Nieto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.Y.C.); (M.V.); (J.N.)
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Antoni Planas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.Y.C.); (M.V.); (J.N.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Cotrina EY, Blasi D, Vilà M, Planas A, Abad-Zapatero C, Centeno NB, Quintana J, Arsequell G. Optimization of kinetic stabilizers of tetrameric transthyretin: A prospective ligand efficiency-guided approach. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Cotrina EY, Oliveira Â, Leite JP, Llop J, Gales L, Quintana J, Cardoso I, Arsequell G. Repurposing Benzbromarone for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy: A New Transthyretin Tetramer Stabilizer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7166. [PMID: 32998442 PMCID: PMC7583827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric protein involved in human amyloidosis, including familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). Discovering small-molecule stabilizers of the TTR tetramer is a therapeutic strategy for these diseases. Tafamidis, the only approved drug for FAP treatment, is not effective for all patients. Herein, we discovered that benzbromarone (BBM), a uricosuric drug, is an effective TTR stabilizer and inhibitor against TTR amyloid fibril formation. BBM rendered TTR more resistant to urea denaturation, similarly to iododiflunisal (IDIF), a very potent TTR stabilizer. BBM competes with thyroxine for binding in the TTR central channel, with an IC50 similar to IDIF and tafamidis. Results obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) demonstrated that BBM binds TTR with an affinity similar to IDIF, tolcapone and tafamidis, confirming BBM as a potent binder of TTR. The crystal structure of the BBM-TTR complex shows two molecules binding deeply in the thyroxine binding channel, forming strong intermonomer hydrogen bonds and increasing the stability of the TTR tetramer. Finally, kinetic analysis of the ability of BBM to inhibit TTR fibrillogenesis at acidic pH and comparison with other stabilizers revealed that benzbromarone is a potent inhibitor of TTR amyloidogenesis, adding a new interesting scaffold for drug design of TTR stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y. Cotrina
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ângela Oliveira
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.O.); (J.P.L.); (L.G.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Leite
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.O.); (J.P.L.); (L.G.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), 4050-013 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Luis Gales
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.O.); (J.P.L.); (L.G.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), 4050-013 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Quintana
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF-IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.O.); (J.P.L.); (L.G.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), 4050-013 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
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20
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Loconte V, Cianci M, Menozzi I, Sbravati D, Sansone F, Casnati A, Berni R. Interactions of tolcapone analogues as stabilizers of the amyloidogenic protein transthyretin. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104144. [PMID: 32791384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is an amyloidogenic homotetramer involved in the transport of thyroxine and retinol in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. TTR stabilizers, such as tolcapone, an FDA approved drug for Parkinson's disease, are able to interact with residues of the thyroxine-binding sites of TTR, both wild type and pathogenic mutant forms, thereby stabilizing its tetrameric native state and inhibiting amyloidogenesis. Herein, we report on the synthesis of 3-deoxytolcapone, a novel stabilizer of TTR. The high-resolution X-ray analyses of the interactions of 3-O-methyltolcapone and 3-deoxytolcapone with TTR were performed. In the two TTR-ligand complexes the tolcapone analogues establish mainly H-bond and hydrophobic interactions with residues of the thyroxine-binding site of the TTR tetramer. Both compounds are capable of high and selective stabilization of TTR in the presence of plasma proteins, despite their markedly different 'forward' and 'reverse' binding mode, respectively. In fact, the loss or the weakening of stabilizing interactions with protein residues of 3-deoxytolcapone in comparison with tolcapone and 3-O-methyltolcapone is compensated by new interactions established at the dimer-dimer interface. Our data, coupled with previously reported data on the pharmacokinetics properties in humans of tolcapone and 3-O-methyltolcapone, further support the relevance of the latter tolcapone analogue as TTR stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Loconte
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Michele Cianci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Menozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Sbravati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Sansone
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Berni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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21
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Dasari AKR, Arreola J, Michael B, Griffin RG, Kelly JW, Lim KH. Disruption of the CD Loop by Enzymatic Cleavage Promotes the Formation of Toxic Transthyretin Oligomers through a Common Transthyretin Misfolding Pathway. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2319-2327. [PMID: 32500705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid formation of full-length TTR involves dissociation of the native tetramers into misfolded monomers that self-assemble into amyloid. In addition to the full-length TTR, C-terminal fragments including residues 49-127 were also observed in vivo, implying the presence of additional misfolding pathways. It was previously proposed that a proteolytic cleavage might lead to the formation of the C-terminal fragment TTR amyloid. Here, we report mechanistic studies of misfolding and aggregation of a TTR variant (G53A) in the absence and presence of a serine protease. A proteolytic cleavage of G53A in the CD loop (K48 and T49) with agitation promoted TTR misfolding and aggregation, suggesting that the proteolytic cleavage may lead to the aggregation of the C-terminal fragment (residues 49-127). To gain more detailed insights into TTR misfolding promoted by proteolytic cleavage, we investigated structural changes in G53A TTR in the presence and absence of trypsin. Our combined biophysical analyses revealed that the proteolytic cleavage accelerated the formation of spherical small oligomers, which exhibited cytotoxic activities. However, the truncated TTR appeared to maintain native-like structures, rather than the C-terminal fragment (residues 49-127) being released and unfolded from the native state. In addition, our solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared structural studies showed that the two aggregates derived from the full-length and cleaved TTR exhibited nearly identical molecular structural features, suggesting that the proteolytic cleavage in the CD loop destabilizes the native tetrameric structure and accelerates oligomer formation through a common TTR misfolding and aggregation mechanism rather than through a distinct molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Jenette Arreola
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Brian Michael
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
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22
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Rational Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Iodinated 4,4'-Bipyridines as New Transthyretin Fibrillogenesis Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092213. [PMID: 32397334 PMCID: PMC7248964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-2-iodo-4,4'-bipyridine structure is proposed as a novel chemical scaffold for the design of new transthyretin (TTR) fibrillogenesis inhibitors. In the frame of a proof-of-principle exploration, four chiral 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-2-iodo-2'-substituted-4,4'- bipyridines were rationally designed and prepared from a simple trihalopyridine in three steps, including a Cu-catalysed Finkelstein reaction to introduce iodine atoms on the heteroaromatic scaffold, and a Pd-catalysed coupling reaction to install the 2'-substituent. The corresponding racemates, along with other five chiral 4,4'-bipyridines containing halogens as substituents, were enantioseparated by high-performance liquid chromatography in order to obtain pure enantiomer pairs. All stereoisomers were tested against the amyloid fibril formation (FF) of wild type (WT)-TTR and two mutant variants, V30M and Y78F, in acid mediated aggregation experiments. Among the 4,4'-bipyridine derivatives, interesting inhibition activity was obtained for both enantiomers of the 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-2'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-iodo-4,4'-bipyridine. In silico docking studies were carried out in order to explore possible binding modes of the 4,4'-bipyridine derivatives into the TTR. The gained results point out the importance of the right combination of H-bond sites and the presence of iodine as halogen-bond donor. Both experimental and theoretical evidences pave the way for the utilization of the iodinated 4,4'-bipyridine core as template to design new promising inhibitors of TTR amyloidogenesis.
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Dasari AKR, Hung I, Michael B, Gan Z, Kelly JW, Connors LH, Griffin RG, Lim KH. Structural Characterization of Cardiac Ex Vivo Transthyretin Amyloid: Insight into the Transthyretin Misfolding Pathway In Vivo. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1800-1803. [PMID: 32338497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Structural characterization of misfolded protein aggregates is essential to understanding the molecular mechanism of protein aggregation associated with various protein misfolding disorders. Here, we report structural analyses of ex vivo transthyretin aggregates extracted from human cardiac tissue. Comparative structural analyses of in vitro and ex vivo transthyretin aggregates using various biophysical techniques revealed that cardiac transthyretin amyloid has structural features similar to those of in vitro transthyretin amyloid. Our solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that in vitro amyloid contains extensive nativelike β-sheet structures, while other loop regions including helical structures are disrupted in the amyloid state. These results suggest that transthyretin undergoes a common misfolding and aggregation transition to nativelike aggregation-prone monomers that self-assemble into amyloid precipitates in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Brian Michael
- Department of Chemistry, Massachuseets Institute of Technology, NW14-3220, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4703, United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lawreen H Connors
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachuseets Institute of Technology, NW14-3220, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4703, United States
| | - Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
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Narayanan P, Curtis BR, Shen L, Schneider E, Tami JA, Paz S, Burel SA, Tai LJ, Machemer T, Kwoh TJ, Xia S, Shattil SJ, Witztum JL, Engelhardt JA, Henry SP, Monia BP, Hughes SG. Underlying Immune Disorder May Predispose Some Transthyretin Amyloidosis Subjects to Inotersen-Mediated Thrombocytopenia. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 30:94-103. [PMID: 32043907 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2019.0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inotersen, a 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'-MOE) phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide, reduced disease progression and improved quality of life in patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (hATTR-PN) in the NEURO-TTR and NEURO-TTR open-label extension (OLE) trials. However, 300 mg/week inotersen treatment was associated with platelet count reductions in several patients. Mean platelet counts in patients in the NEURO-TTR-inotersen group remained ≥140 × 109/L in 50% and ≥100 × 109/L in 80% of the subjects. However, grade 4 thrombocytopenia (<25 × 109/L) occurred in three subjects in NEURO-TTR trial, and one of these suffered a fatal intracranial hemorrhage. The two others were treated successfully with corticosteroids and discontinuation of inotersen. Investigations in a subset of subjects in NEURO-TTR (n = 17 placebo; n = 31 inotersen) and OLE (n = 33) trials ruled out direct myelotoxicity, consumptive coagulopathy, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Antiplatelet immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were detected at baseline in 5 of 31 (16%) inotersen-treated subjects in NEURO-TTR, 4 of whom eventually developed grade 1 or 2 thrombocytopenia while on the drug. In addition, 24 subjects in the same group developed treatment-emergent antiplatelet IgG antibodies, of which 2 developed grade 2, and 3 developed grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Antiplatelet IgG antibodies in two of the three grade 4 thrombocytopenia subjects targeted GPIIb/IIIa. Plasma cytokines previously implicated in immune dysregulation, such as interleukin (IL)-23 and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) were often above the normal range at baseline. Collectively, these findings suggest an underlying immunologic dysregulation predisposing some individuals to immune-mediated thrombocytopenia during inotersen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian R Curtis
- Platelet and Neutrophil Immunology Laboratory, Versiti Wisconsin, Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | | | | | - Suzanne Paz
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California.,aTyr Pharma, San Diego California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sanford J Shattil
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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25
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Loconte V, Menozzi I, Ferrari A, Folli C, Imbimbo BP, Zanotti G, Berni R. Structure-activity relationships of flurbiprofen analogues as stabilizers of the amyloidogenic protein transthyretin. J Struct Biol 2019; 208:165-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Topological and electrostatic properties of diclofenac molecule as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug: An experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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27
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Corazza A, Verona G, Waudby CA, Mangione PP, Bingham R, Uings I, Canetti D, Nocerino P, Taylor GW, Pepys MB, Christodoulou J, Bellotti V. Binding of Monovalent and Bivalent Ligands by Transthyretin Causes Different Short- and Long-Distance Conformational Changes. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8274-8283. [PMID: 31393717 PMCID: PMC6863598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The wild type protein,
transthyretin (TTR), and over 120 genetic
TTR variants are amyloidogenic and cause, respectively, sporadic and
hereditary systemic TTR amyloidosis. The homotetrameric TTR contains
two identical thyroxine binding pockets, occupation of which by specific
ligands can inhibit TTR amyloidogenesis in vitro. Ligand binding stabilizes
the tetramer, inhibiting its proteolytic cleavage and its dissociation.
Here, we show with solution-state NMR that ligand binding induces
long-distance conformational changes in the TTR that have not previously
been detected by X-ray crystallography, consistently with the inhibition
of the cleavage of the DE loop. The NMR findings, coupled with surface
plasmon resonance measurements, have identified dynamic exchange processes
underlying the negative cooperativity of binding of “monovalent”
ligand tafamidis. In contrast, mds84, our prototypic “bivalent”
ligand, which is a more potent stabilizer of TTR in vitro that occupies
both thyroxine pockets and the intramolecular channel between them,
has greater structural effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Corazza
- Department of Medicine (DAME) , University of Udine , Udine 33100 , Italy.,Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine , University College London , London NW3 2PF , U.K.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi , Roma 00136 , Italy
| | - Guglielmo Verona
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine , University College London , London NW3 2PF , U.K
| | - Christopher A Waudby
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology , University College London , London WC1E 6BT , U.K.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology , Birkbeck College , London WC1E 7HX , U.K
| | - P Patrizia Mangione
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine , University College London , London NW3 2PF , U.K.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry , University of Pavia , Pavia 27100 , Italy
| | - Ryan Bingham
- GSK Medicines Research Centre , Stevenage , Hertfordshire SG1 2NY , U.K
| | - Iain Uings
- GSK Medicines Research Centre , Stevenage , Hertfordshire SG1 2NY , U.K
| | - Diana Canetti
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine , University College London , London NW3 2PF , U.K
| | - Paola Nocerino
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine , University College London , London NW3 2PF , U.K
| | - Graham W Taylor
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine , University College London , London NW3 2PF , U.K
| | - Mark B Pepys
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine , University College London , London NW3 2PF , U.K.,National Amyloidosis Centre , University College London and Royal Free Hospital , London NW3 2PF , U.K
| | - John Christodoulou
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology , University College London , London WC1E 6BT , U.K.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology , Birkbeck College , London WC1E 7HX , U.K
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine , University College London , London NW3 2PF , U.K.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry , University of Pavia , Pavia 27100 , Italy
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Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: a model of medical progress for a fatal disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 15:387-404. [PMID: 31209302 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary amyloidogenic transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (also known as familial amyloid polyneuropathy) is a condition with adult onset caused by mutation of transthyretin (TTR) and characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid and destruction of the somatic and autonomic PNS, leading to loss of autonomy and death. This disease represents a model of the scientific and medical progress of the past 30 years. ATTRv amyloidosis is a worldwide disease with broad genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity that presents a diagnostic challenge for neurologists. The pathophysiology of the neuropathy is increasingly understood and includes instability and proteolysis of mutant TTR leading to deposition of amyloid with variable lengths of fibrils, microangiopathy and involvement of Schwann cells. Wild-type TTR is amyloidogenic in older individuals. The main symptoms are neuropathic, but the disease is systemic; neurologists should be aware of cardiac, eye and kidney involvement that justify a multidisciplinary approach to management. Infiltrative cardiomyopathy is usually latent but present in half of patients. Disease-modifying therapeutics that have been developed include liver transplantation and TTR stabilizers, both of which can slow progression of the disease and increase survival in the early stages. Most recently, gene-silencing drugs have been used to control disease in the more advanced stages and produce some degree of improvement.
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Kim T, Lee SA, Noh T, Choi P, Choi SJ, Song BG, Kim Y, Park YT, Huh G, Kim YJ, Ham J. Synthesis, Structure Revision, and Cytotoxicity of Nocarbenzoxazole G. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1325-1330. [PMID: 30958679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The total synthesis of nocarbenzoxazoles F (1) and G (2), originally obtained from the marine-derived halophilic bacterial strain Nocardiopsis lucentensis DSM 44048, was achieved via a simple and versatile route involving microwave-assisted construction of a benzoxazole skeleton, followed by carbon-carbon bond formation with the corresponding aryl bromides. Unfortunately, the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of natural nocarbenzoxazole G did not agree with those of the synthesized compound. In particular, the spectra of the isolated and synthesized compounds showed considerable differences in the signals from the protons and carbons in the aryl group. The revised structure was validated by the total synthesis of the actual nocarbenzoxazole G (8c) molecule, which is a regioisomer of the compound that was reported earlier as nocarbenzoxazole G. The synthesized derivatives showed specific cytotoxicity to the human cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa, but did not have any remarkable effect on the other cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejung Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 679 Saimdang-ro , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Ae Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 679 Saimdang-ro , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taesub Noh
- Natural Products Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 679 Saimdang-ro , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Pilju Choi
- Natural Products Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 679 Saimdang-ro , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jun Choi
- Natural Products Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 679 Saimdang-ro , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Geun Song
- Natural Products Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 679 Saimdang-ro , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 679 Saimdang-ro , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Park
- Natural Products Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 679 Saimdang-ro , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuwon Huh
- Natural Products Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 679 Saimdang-ro , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 679 Saimdang-ro , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyeob Ham
- Natural Products Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 679 Saimdang-ro , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
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30
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Dasari AKR, Hughes RM, Wi S, Hung I, Gan Z, Kelly JW, Lim KH. Transthyretin Aggregation Pathway toward the Formation of Distinct Cytotoxic Oligomers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:33. [PMID: 30631096 PMCID: PMC6328637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of small oligomers formed at an early stage of amyloid formation is critical to understanding molecular mechanism of pathogenic aggregation process. Here we identified and characterized cytotoxic oligomeric intermediates populated during transthyretin (TTR) aggregation process. Under the amyloid-forming conditions, TTR initially forms a dimer through interactions between outer strands. The dimers are then associated to form a hexamer with a spherical shape, which serves as a building block to self-assemble into cytotoxic oligomers. Notably, wild-type (WT) TTR tends to form linear oligomers, while a TTR variant (G53A) prefers forming annular oligomers with pore-like structures. Structural analyses of the amyloidogenic intermediates using circular dichroism (CD) and solid-state NMR reveal that the dimer and oligomers have a significant degree of native-like β-sheet structures (35–38%), but with more disordered regions (~60%) than those of native TTR. The TTR variant oligomers are also less structured than WT oligomers. The partially folded nature of the oligomeric intermediates might be a common structural property of cytotoxic oligomers. The higher flexibility of the dimer and oligomers may also compensate for the entropic loss due to the oligomerization of the monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Robert M Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Sungsool Wi
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East, Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East, Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East, Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
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31
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Dasari AKR, Hung I, Gan Z, Lim KH. Two distinct aggregation pathways in transthyretin misfolding and amyloid formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1867:344-349. [PMID: 30366153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Misfolding and amyloid formation of transthyretin (TTR) is implicated in numerous degenerative diseases. TTR misfolding is greatly accelerated under acidic conditions, and thus most of the mechanistic studies of TTR amyloid formation have been conducted at various acidic pH values (2-5). In this study, we report the effect of pH on TTR misfolding pathways and amyloid structures. Our combined solution and solid-state NMR studies revealed that TTR amyloid formation can proceed via at least two distinct misfolding pathways depending on the acidic conditions. Under mildly acidic conditions (pH 4.4), tetrameric native TTR appears to dissociate to monomers that maintain most of the native-like β-sheet structures. The amyloidogenic protein undergoes a conformational transition to largely unfolded states at more acidic conditions (pH 2.4), leading to amyloid with distinct molecular structures. Aggregation kinetics is also highly dependent upon the acidic conditions. TTR quickly forms moderately ordered amyloids at pH 4.4, while the aggregation kinetics is dramatically reduced at a lower pH of 2.4. The effect of the pathogenic mutations on aggregation kinetics is also markedly different under the two different acidic conditions. Pathogenic TTR variants (V30M and L55P) aggregate more aggressively than WT TTR at pH 4.4. In contrast, the single-point mutations do not affect the aggregation kinetics at the more acidic condition of pH 2.4. Given that the pathogenic mutations lead to more aggressive forms of TTR amyloidoses, the mildly acidic condition might be more suitable for mechanistic studies of TTR misfolding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East, Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East, Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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32
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Al-Halifa S, Babych M, Zottig X, Archambault D, Bourgault S. Amyloid self-assembling peptides: Potential applications in nanovaccine engineering and biosensing. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soultan Al-Halifa
- Department of Chemistry; Université du Québec à Montréal; Montreal, QC Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO; Québec QC Canada
| | - Margaryta Babych
- Department of Chemistry; Université du Québec à Montréal; Montreal, QC Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO; Québec QC Canada
| | - Ximena Zottig
- Department of Chemistry; Université du Québec à Montréal; Montreal, QC Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO; Québec QC Canada
| | - Denis Archambault
- Department of Biological Sciences; Université du Québec à Montréal; Montreal, QC Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, CRIPA; QC Canada
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Department of Chemistry; Université du Québec à Montréal; Montreal, QC Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO; Québec QC Canada
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33
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Singh V, Biswas P. Estimating the mean first passage time of protein misfolding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5692-5698. [PMID: 29410980 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most theoretical and experimental studies confirm that proteins fold in the time scale of microseconds to milliseconds, but the kinetics of the protein misfolding remains largely unexplored. The kinetics of unfolding-folding-misfolding equilibrium in proteins is formulated in the analytical framework of the Master equation. The folded, unfolded and the misfolded state are characterized in terms of their respective contacts. The Mean First Passage Time (MFPT) to acquire the misfolded conformation from the native or folded state is derived from this equation with different boundary conditions. The MFPT is found to be practically independent of the length of the protein, the number of native contacts and the rate constant for the misfolded to the folded state. The results obtained from the survival probability are directly correlated to the age of onset and appearance of misfolding diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
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Akbari A, Bamdad F, Wu J. Chaperone-like food components: from basic concepts to food applications. Food Funct 2018; 9:3597-3609. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01902e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The significance of chaperones in preventing protein aggregation including amyloid fibril formation has been extensively documented in the biological field, but there is limited research on the potential effect of chaperone-like molecules on food protein functionality and food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbari
- Department of Agricultural
- Food and Nutritional Science
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada T6G2P5
| | - Fatemeh Bamdad
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural
- Food and Nutritional Science
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada T6G2P5
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35
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36
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Zanotti G, Vallese F, Ferrari A, Menozzi I, Saldaño TE, Berto P, Fernandez-Alberti S, Berni R. Structural and dynamics evidence for scaffold asymmetric flexibility of the human transthyretin tetramer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187716. [PMID: 29240759 PMCID: PMC5730205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular symmetry of multimeric proteins is generally determined by using X-ray diffraction techniques, so that the basic question as to whether this symmetry is perfectly preserved for the same protein in solution remains open. In this work, human transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric plasma transport protein with two binding sites for the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4), is considered as a case study. Based on the crystal structure of the TTR tetramer, a hypothetical D2 symmetry is inferred for the protein in solution, whose functional behavior reveals the presence of two markedly different Kd values for the two T4 binding sites. The latter property has been ascribed to an as yet uncharacterized negative binding cooperativity. A triple mutant form of human TTR (F87M/L110M/S117E TTR), which is monomeric in solution, crystallizes as a tetrameric protein and its structure has been determined. The exam of this and several other crystal forms of human TTR suggests that the TTR scaffold possesses a significant structural flexibility. In addition, TTR tetramer dynamics simulated using normal modes analysis exposes asymmetric vibrational patterns on both dimers and thermal fluctuations reveal small differences in size and flexibility for ligand cavities at each dimer-dimer interface. Such small structural differences between monomers can lead to significant functional differences on the TTR tetramer dynamics, a feature that may explain the functional heterogeneity of the T4 binding sites, which is partially overshadowed by the crystal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesca Vallese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Menozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Paola Berto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Rodolfo Berni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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37
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Lim KH, Dasari AKR, Ma R, Hung I, Gan Z, Kelly JW, Fitzgerald MC. Pathogenic Mutations Induce Partial Structural Changes in the Native β-Sheet Structure of Transthyretin and Accelerate Aggregation. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4808-4818. [PMID: 28820582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid formation of natively folded proteins involves global and/or local unfolding of the native state to form aggregation-prone intermediates. Here we report solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structural studies of amyloid derived from wild-type (WT) and more aggressive mutant forms of transthyretin (TTR) to investigate the structural changes associated with effective TTR aggregation. We employed selective 13C labeling schemes to investigate structural features of β-structured core regions in amyloid states of WT and two mutant forms (V30M and L55P) of TTR. Analyses of the 13C-13C correlation solid-state NMR spectra revealed that WT TTR aggregates contain an amyloid core consisting of nativelike CBEF and DAGH β-sheet structures, and the mutant TTR amyloids adopt a similar amyloid core structure with nativelike CBEF and AGH β-structures. However, the V30M mutant amyloid was shown to have a different DA β-structure. In addition, strand D is more disordered even in the native state of L55P TTR, indicating that the pathogenic mutations affect the DA β-structure, leading to more effective amyloid formation. The NMR results are consistent with our mass spectrometry-based thermodynamic analyses that showed the amyloidogenic precursor states of WT and mutant TTRs adopt folded structures but the mutant precursor states are less stable than that of WT TTR. Analyses of the oxidation rate of the methionine side chain also revealed that the side chain of residue Met-30 pointing between strands D and A is not protected from oxidation in the V30M mutant, while protected in the native state, supporting the possibility that the DA β-structure might be disrupted in the V30M mutant amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Renze Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael C Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
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38
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Saldaño TE, Zanotti G, Parisi G, Fernandez-Alberti S. Evaluating the effect of mutations and ligand binding on transthyretin homotetramer dynamics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181019. [PMID: 28704493 PMCID: PMC5509292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Native transthyretin (TTR) homotetramer dissociation is the first step of the fibrils formation process in amyloid disease. A large number of specific point mutations that destabilize TTR quaternary structure have shown pro-amyloidogenic effects. Besides, several compounds have been proposed as drugs in the therapy of TTR amyloidosis due to their TTR tetramer binding affinities, and therefore, contribution to its integrity. In the present paper we have explored key positions sustaining TTR tetramer dynamical stability. We have identified positions whose mutations alter the most the TTR tetramer equilibrium dynamics based on normal mode analysis and their response to local perturbations. We have found that these positions are mostly localized at β-strands E and F and EF-loop. The monomer-monomer interface is pointed out as one of the most vulnerable regions to mutations that lead to significant changes in the TTR-tetramer equilibrium dynamics and, therefore, induces TTR amyloidosis. Besides, we have found that mutations on residues localized at the dimer-dimer interface and/or at the T4 hormone binding site destabilize the tetramer more than the average. Finally, we were able to compare several compounds according to their effect on vibrations associated to the ligand binding. Our ligand comparison is discussed and analyzed in terms of parameters and measurements associated to TTR-ligand binding affinities and the stabilization of its native state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Gustavo Parisi
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Bernal, Argentina
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39
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Andrei SA, Sijbesma E, Hann M, Davis J, O’Mahony G, Perry MWD, Karawajczyk A, Eickhoff J, Brunsveld L, Doveston RG, Milroy LG, Ottmann C. Stabilization of protein-protein interactions in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:925-940. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1346608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Andrei
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hann
- Platform Technology and Science, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Jeremy Davis
- Department of Chemistry, UCB Celltech, Slough, UK
| | - Gavin O’Mahony
- CVMD Medicinal Chemistry, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Matthew W. D. Perry
- RIA Medicinal Chemistry, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Karawajczyk
- Medicinal Chemistry, Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Eickhoff
- Assay development & screening, Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G. Doveston
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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40
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Gimeno A, Santos LM, Alemi M, Rivas J, Blasi D, Cotrina EY, Llop J, Valencia G, Cardoso I, Quintana J, Arsequell G, Jiménez-Barbero J. Insights on the Interaction between Transthyretin and Aβ in Solution. A Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR Analysis of the Role of Iododiflunisal. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5749-5758. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology
Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
| | - Luis M. Santos
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Campo Alegre 823, 4150 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto
de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mobina Alemi
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Campo Alegre 823, 4150 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto
de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade
de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Josep Rivas
- Plataforma
Drug
Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Blasi
- Plataforma
Drug
Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Y. Cotrina
- Institut de Química
Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry
and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Gregorio Valencia
- Institut de Química
Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Campo Alegre 823, 4150 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto
de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Quintana
- Plataforma
Drug
Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química
Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology
Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Departament
of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Plataforma
Drug
Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Dickson A, Bailey CT, Karanicolas J. Optimal allosteric stabilization sites using contact stabilization analysis. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:1138-1146. [PMID: 27774625 PMCID: PMC5403592 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Proteins can be destabilized by a number of environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and mutation. The ability to subsequently restore function under these conditions by adding small molecule stabilizers, or by introducing disulfide bonds, would be a very powerful tool, but the physical principles that drive this stabilization are not well understood. The first problem lies is in choosing an appropriate binding site or disulfide bond location to best confer stability to the active site and restore function. Here, we present a general framework for predicting which allosteric binding sites correlate with stability in the active site. Using the Karanicolas-Brooks Gō-like model, we examine the dynamics of the enzyme β-glucuronidase using an Umbrella Sampling method to thoroughly sample the conformational landscape. Each intramolecular contact is assigned a score termed a "stabilization factor" that measures its correlation with structural changes in the active site. We have carried out this analysis for three different scaling strengths for the intramolecular contacts, and we examine how the calculated stabilization factors depend on the ensemble of destabilized conformations. We further examine a locally destabilized mutant of β-glucuronidase that has been characterized experimentally, and show that this brings about local changes in the stabilization factors. We find that the proximity to the active site is not sufficient to determine which contacts can confer active site stability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dickson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and the Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824
| | - Christopher T Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824
| | - John Karanicolas
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045
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42
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Quittot N, Sebastiao M, Bourgault S. Modulation of amyloid assembly by glycosaminoglycans: from mechanism to biological significance. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:329-337. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long and unbranched polysaccharides that are abundant in the extracellular matrix and basement membrane of multicellular organisms. These linear polyanionic macromolecules are involved in many physiological functions from cell adhesion to cellular signaling. Interestingly, amyloid fibrils extracted from patients afflicted with protein misfolding diseases are virtually always associated with GAGs. Amyloid fibrils are highly organized nanostructures that have been historically associated with pathological states, such as Alzheimer’s disease and systemic amyloidoses. However, recent studies have identified functional amyloids that accomplish crucial physiological roles in almost all living organisms, from bacteria to insects and mammals. Over the last 2 decades, numerous reports have revealed that sulfated GAGs accelerate and (or) promote the self-assembly of a large diversity of proteins, both inherently amyloidogenic and non-aggregation prone. Despite the fact that many studies have investigated the molecular mechanism(s) by which GAGs induce amyloid assembly, the mechanistic elucidation of GAG-mediated amyloidogenesis still remains the subject of active research. In this review, we expose the contribution of GAGs in amyloid assembly, and we discuss the pathophysiological and functional significance of GAG-mediated fibrillization. Finally, we propose mechanistic models of the unique and potent ability of sulfated GAGs to hasten amyloid fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Quittot
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaqam, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaqam, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Mathew Sebastiao
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaqam, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaqam, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaqam, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaqam, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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43
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Semi-quantitative models for identifying potent and selective transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017. [PMID: 28625364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rate-limiting dissociation of the tetrameric protein transthyretin (TTR), followed by monomer misfolding and misassembly, appears to cause degenerative diseases in humans known as the transthyretin amyloidoses, based on human genetic, biochemical and pharmacologic evidence. Small molecules that bind to the generally unoccupied thyroxine binding pockets in the native TTR tetramer kinetically stabilize the tetramer, slowing subunit dissociation proportional to the extent that the molecules stabilize the native state over the dissociative transition state-thereby inhibiting amyloidogenesis. Herein, we use previously reported structure-activity relationship data to develop two semi-quantitative algorithms for identifying the structures of potent and selective transthyretin kinetic stabilizers/amyloidogenesis inhibitors. The viability of these prediction algorithms, in particular the more robust in silico docking model, is perhaps best validated by the clinical success of tafamidis, the first-in-class drug approved in Europe, Japan, South America, and elsewhere for treating transthyretin aggregation-associated familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Tafamidis is also being evaluated in a fully-enrolled placebo-controlled clinical trial for its efficacy against TTR cardiomyopathy. These prediction algorithms will be useful for identifying second generation TTR kinetic stabilizers, should these be needed to ameliorate the central nervous system or ophthalmologic pathology caused by TTR aggregation in organs not accessed by oral tafamidis administration.
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44
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Raimondi S, Porcari R, Mangione PP, Verona G, Marcoux J, Giorgetti S, Taylor GW, Ellmerich S, Ballico M, Zanini S, Pardon E, Al-Shawi R, Simons JP, Corazza A, Fogolari F, Leri M, Stefani M, Bucciantini M, Gillmore JD, Hawkins PN, Valli M, Stoppini M, Robinson CV, Steyaert J, Esposito G, Bellotti V. A specific nanobody prevents amyloidogenesis of D76N β 2-microglobulin in vitro and modifies its tissue distribution in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46711. [PMID: 28429761 PMCID: PMC5399440 DOI: 10.1038/srep46711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic amyloidosis is caused by misfolding and aggregation of globular proteins in vivo for which effective treatments are urgently needed. Inhibition of protein self-aggregation represents an attractive therapeutic strategy. Studies on the amyloidogenic variant of β2-microglobulin, D76N, causing hereditary systemic amyloidosis, have become particularly relevant since fibrils are formed in vitro in physiologically relevant conditions. Here we compare the potency of two previously described inhibitors of wild type β2-microglobulin fibrillogenesis, doxycycline and single domain antibodies (nanobodies). The β2-microglobulin -binding nanobody, Nb24, more potently inhibits D76N β2-microglobulin fibrillogenesis than doxycycline with complete abrogation of fibril formation. In β2-microglobulin knock out mice, the D76N β2-microglobulin/ Nb24 pre-formed complex, is cleared from the circulation at the same rate as the uncomplexed protein; however, the analysis of tissue distribution reveals that the interaction with the antibody reduces the concentration of the variant protein in the heart but does not modify the tissue distribution of wild type β2-microglobulin. These findings strongly support the potential therapeutic use of this antibody in the treatment of systemic amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Raimondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Porcari
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - P Patrizia Mangione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3b, 27100 Pavia, Italy.,Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Guglielmo Verona
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Julien Marcoux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Sofia Giorgetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Graham W Taylor
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Stephan Ellmerich
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Maurizio Ballico
- Science and Math Division, New York University at Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Stefano Zanini
- Science and Math Division, New York University at Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Els Pardon
- Structural Biology Research Centre, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Raya Al-Shawi
- Centre for Biomedical Science, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - J Paul Simons
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Alessandra Corazza
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (DSMB), University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Federico Fogolari
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy.,Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Manuela Leri
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.,Research Centre for Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.,Research Centre for Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Julian D Gillmore
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Philip N Hawkins
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Maurizia Valli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Stoppini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jan Steyaert
- Structural Biology Research Centre, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Gennaro Esposito
- Science and Math Division, New York University at Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy.,Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3b, 27100 Pavia, Italy.,Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
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45
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Jana P, Samanta K, Bäcker S, Zellermann E, Knauer S, Schmuck C. Efficient Gene Transfection through Inhibition of β-Sheet (Amyloid Fiber) Formation of a Short Amphiphilic Peptide by Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Jana
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Krishnananda Samanta
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Sandra Bäcker
- Institute for Biology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Elio Zellermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Shirley Knauer
- Institute for Biology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Carsten Schmuck
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
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46
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Jana P, Samanta K, Bäcker S, Zellermann E, Knauer S, Schmuck C. Efficient Gene Transfection through Inhibition of β-Sheet (Amyloid Fiber) Formation of a Short Amphiphilic Peptide by Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8083-8088. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Jana
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Krishnananda Samanta
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Sandra Bäcker
- Institute for Biology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Elio Zellermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Shirley Knauer
- Institute for Biology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Carsten Schmuck
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
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47
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Zhuang X, Zhao B, Liu S, Song F, Cui F, Liu Z, Li Y. Noncovalent Interactions between Superoxide Dismutase and Flavonoids Studied by Native Mass Spectrometry Combined with Molecular Simulations. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11720-11726. [PMID: 27760293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is implicated in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The use of small molecules may stabilize the spatial structure of SOD1 dimer, thus, preventing its dissociation and aggregation. In this study, "native" mass spectrometry (MS) was used to study the noncovalent interactions between SOD1 and flavonoid compounds. MS experiments were performed on a quadruple time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source and T-wave ion mobility. ESI-MS was used to detect the SOD1-flavonoid complexes and compare their relative binding strengths. The complement of ion mobility separation allowed comparison in the binding affinities between flavonoid isomers and provided information on the conformational changes. Molecular docking together with molecular dynamics simulations and MM/PBSA methods were applied to gain insights into the binding modes and free energies of SOD1-flavonoid complexes at the molecule level. Among all the flavonoids investigated, flavonoid glycosides preferentially bind to SOD1 than their aglycone counterparts. Naringin, one of the compounds that has the strongest binding affinity to SOD1, was subjected to further characterization. Experiment results show that the binding of naringin can stabilize SOD1 dimer and inhibit the aggregation of SOD1. Molecular simulation results suggest that naringin could reduce the dissociation of SOD1 dimers through direct interaction with the dimer interface. This developed analytical strategy could also be applied to study the interactions between SOD1 and other drug-like molecules, which may have the effect to reduce the aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhuang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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48
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Kumar V, Sami N, Kashav T, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Protein aggregation and neurodegenerative diseases: From theory to therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:1105-1120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Systemic optimization and structural evaluation of quinoline derivatives as transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:777-787. [PMID: 27541261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wild type transthyretin (TTR) and mutant TTR misfold and misassemble into a variety of extracellular insoluble amyloid fibril and/or amorphous aggregate, which are associated with a variety of human amyloid diseases. To develop potent TTR amyloidogenesis inhibitors, we have designed and synthesized a focused library of quinoline derivatives by Pd-catalyzed coupling reaction and by the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. The resulting 2-alkynylquinoline derivatives, (E)-2-alkenylquinoline derivatives, and (E)-3-alkenylquinoline derivatives were evaluated to inhibit TTR amyloidogenesis by utilizing the acid-mediated TTR fibril formation. Among these quinoline derivatives, compound 14c exhibited the most potent anti-TTR fibril formation activity in the screening studies, with IC50 values of 1.49 μM against WT-TTR and 1.63 μM against more amyloidogenic V30 M TTR mutant. That is comparable to that of approved therapeutic drug, tafamidis, to ameliorate transthyretin-related amyloidosis. Furthermore, rationalization of the increased efficacy of compound 14c bearing a hydrophobic substituent, such as chloride, was carried out by utilizing in silico docking study that could focus on the region of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) binding sites. Additionally, the most potent compound 14c exhibited good pharmacokinetics properties. Taken together, the novel quinoline derivatives could potentially be explored as potential drug candidates to treat the human TTR amyloidosis.
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50
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Ankarcrona M, Winblad B, Monteiro C, Fearns C, Powers ET, Johansson J, Westermark GT, Presto J, Ericzon BG, Kelly JW. Current and future treatment of amyloid diseases. J Intern Med 2016; 280:177-202. [PMID: 27165517 PMCID: PMC4956553 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There are more than 30 human proteins whose aggregation appears to cause degenerative maladies referred to as amyloid diseases or amyloidoses. These disorders are named after the characteristic cross-β-sheet amyloid fibrils that accumulate systemically or are localized to specific organs. In most cases, current treatment is limited to symptomatic approaches and thus disease-modifying therapies are needed. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with extracellular amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibrils and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles as pathological hallmarks. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted with passive and active immunotherapy, and small molecules to inhibit Aβ formation and aggregation or to enhance Aβ clearance; so far such clinical trials have been unsuccessful. Novel strategies are therefore required and here we will discuss the possibility of utilizing the chaperone BRICHOS to prevent Aβ aggregation and toxicity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is symptomatically treated with insulin. However, the underlying pathology is linked to the aggregation and progressive accumulation of islet amyloid polypeptide as fibrils and oligomers, which are cytotoxic. Several compounds have been shown to inhibit islet amyloid aggregation and cytotoxicity in vitro. Future animal studies and clinical trials have to be conducted to determine their efficacy in vivo. The transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses are a group of systemic degenerative diseases compromising multiple organ systems, caused by TTR aggregation. Liver transplantation decreases the generation of misfolded TTR and improves the quality of life for a subgroup of this patient population. Compounds that stabilize the natively folded, nonamyloidogenic, tetrameric conformation of TTR have been developed and the drug tafamidis is available as a promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ankarcrona
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Fearns
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E T Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - G T Westermark
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Presto
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B-G Ericzon
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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