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Carlson AS, Stegall MS, Sirotiak Z, Herrmann F, Thomas EBK. Just as Essential: The Mental Health of Educators During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e6. [PMID: 38234124 PMCID: PMC10904175 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic deleteriously impacted physical and mental health. In the summer of 2020, return-to-learn plans were enacted, including virtual, hybrid, and in-person plans, impacting educators and students. We examined (1) how return-to-learn plan was related to depressive and social anxiety symptoms among educators and (2) how psychological flexibility related to symptoms. METHODS Educators (N = 853) completed a survey via Qualtrics that assessed internalizing symptoms, psychological flexibility, and occupational characteristics. Two one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) examined between-group differences in return-to-learn plans across depression and social anxiety. Two hierarchical linear regressions examined the relation between psychological flexibility components and depressive and social anxiety symptoms. RESULTS Median T-scores were well above the national normative means for General Depression (median T-score: 81) and Social Anxiety (median T-score: 67). There were no significant differences between reopening plans in general depression nor social anxiety T-scores. Psychological flexibility accounted for 33% of the variance in depressive symptoms and 24% of the variance in social anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated high levels of psychiatric symptoms among educators during COVID-19, and psychological flexibility was associated with lower symptoms. Addressing educator mental health is of utmost importance in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manny S Stegall
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Zoe Sirotiak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Felipe Herrmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Emily B K Thomas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Uzodinma UE, N Onyishi C, Ngwoke AN, Ugwu JI, Okorie CO, A. Amujiri B, Ani CKC, Ngwu CN, Nwankwo FM, Okoli CN, Eze HO, Orabueze FO, Ogbu EO, Okoro KN, Solomon KC, Okeke IJ, Nwamuo BE, Ani U, Moguluwa SC, Akanaeme IN. Effectiveness of rational emotive occupational health coaching in reducing burnout symptoms among teachers of children with autism. Sci Prog 2022; 105:368504221100907. [PMID: 35619571 PMCID: PMC10450314 DOI: 10.1177/00368504221100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The negative impacts of Job-related burnout on job performance have been widely documented in the literature. Burnout accounts for both physical and mental health outcomes that increase work turnover in teachers, especially those who teach special needs children, like those with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The current study assessed the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Occupational Health Coaching (REOHC) in minimizing job burnout amongst autistic children teachers in Anambra state, Nigeria. METHOD The study used a group-randomized waitlist control trial design. teachers who teach ASD children in private and public special and inclusive schools participated in the study. All participants were randomly allocated to REOHC and waitlist group (WLG). REOHC group were exposed to a single session 120 min REOHC programme every week for 12 weeks. Data were collected using Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators (MBI-ES), at baseline; post-intervention as well as follow-up evaluations 1 and 2 evaluations. All the data gathered for the study were analysed using mean, Standard Deviation (SD), t-test statistics, repeated measures ANOVA, and charts. RESULTS Results indicated a significant decrease in teachers' burnout, following REOHC intervention, which was sustained through follow-ups 1 and 2. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we stated that REOHC is valuable in treating burnout symptoms in teachers of children with ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna E Uzodinma
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Charity N Onyishi
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Antonia N Ngwoke
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Joy I Ugwu
- Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Cornelius O Okorie
- Department of Political Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin A. Amujiri
- Department of Public Administration and Local Government, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Casimir KC Ani
- Department of Philosophy, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Felix M Nwankwo
- Department of Political Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Charles N Okoli
- Department of Philosophy and Religion, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Hillary O Eze
- Department of Philosophy and Religion, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Florence O Orabueze
- Department of English and Literary Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Esther O Ogbu
- Department of Philosophy and Religion, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley N Okoro
- Department of Philosophy and Religion, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley C Solomon
- Department of Philosophy and Religion, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyi J Okeke
- Department of Philosophy and Religion, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Bright E Nwamuo
- Department of History and Strategic Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Uchenna Ani
- Department of History and Strategic Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | | | - Immaculata N Akanaeme
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Dike IC, Onyishi CN, Adimora DE, Ugodulunwa CA, Adama GN, Ugwu GC, Eze UN, Eze A, Ogba FN, Obiwluozo PE, Onu JC, Onu AO, Omenma ZO, Nwaeze VC, Ani C, Ngwu CN, Uzodinma UE, Iremeka FU. Yoga complemented cognitive behavioral therapy on job burnout among teachers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25801. [PMID: 34087823 PMCID: PMC8183729 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Job burnout is a syndrome of reaction to chronic job-related stress which affects overall health, limits occupational efficacy, and personal accomplishments of employees thereby thwarting organizational outcomes. Burnout symptoms are common among teachers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and affect the academic progress of the children. This study investigated the effectiveness of Yoga-based cognitive behavioral therapy (Y-CBT) in reducing occupational burnout among teachers of children with autism in Lagos States, Nigeria. METHODS A group-randomized control-trial with immediate intervention and waitlist control groups was design was adopted. Participants included 58 teachers of children with autism in public and private special schools in the area. Participants were randomly assigned to Y-CBT (N = 29) and waitlist control (N = 29) groups. The Y-CBT group participated in a 2 hours Y-CBT program weekly for 12 weeks. Three instruments Demographic variable, Single Item Stress Questionnaire (SISQ), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators' Survey (MBI-ES) were used to collect data. Data were collected at baseline; post-test and follow-up evaluations. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, t test statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance, and bar charts. RESULTS Results revealed that job-burnout reduced significantly at post-test assessment among the Y-CBT group compared to the waitlisted group. The reduction in the participant was sustained across 3months follow-up evaluation. CONCLUSION It was concluded that Y-CBT modalities could help to reduce the burnout symptoms among teachers of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibiwari C. Dike
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Charity N. Onyishi
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Johannesburg, South-Africa
| | - Dorothy E. Adimora
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Christiana A. Ugodulunwa
- Department of Educational Foundations, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike Ikwo Ebonyi State
| | - Grace N. Adama
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Gloria C. Ugwu
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Uchenna N. Eze
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Angela Eze
- Department of Educational Foundations, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike Ikwo Ebonyi State
| | - Francisca N. Ogba
- Department of Educational Foundations, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike Ikwo Ebonyi State
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Casimir Ani
- Department of Philisophy, University of Nigeria
| | | | - Uchenna E. Uzodinma
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Felicia U. Iremeka
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Schmid M, Michaud L, Bovio N, Guseva Canu I. Prevalence of somatic and psychiatric morbidity across occupations in Switzerland and its correlation with suicide mortality: results from the Swiss National Cohort (1990-2014). BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:324. [PMID: 32571249 PMCID: PMC7310107 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a major and complex public health problem. In Switzerland, suicide accounts for about 1000 deaths yearly and is the fourth leading cause of mortality. The first nationwide Swiss study of suicides identified eight male and four female occupations with statistically significant excess of suicide compared to the general Swiss population. Working time, self-employer status, low socio-economic status and low skill level required for occupation were associated with increase in suicide risk. Presently, we aim to compare the distribution of suicide risk across occupations with the prevalence of somatic and psychiatric morbidity in Swiss working-aged adults. We hypothesized that some diseases would cluster in particular occupations, indicating potential work-relatedness of suicides found in these occupations. METHODS We used the Swiss National Cohort (SNC) and included 10575 males and 2756 females deceased by suicide between 1990 and 2014. We estimated the prevalence of 16 categories of concomitant diseases in each occupation, using national mortality records, and assessed the homogeneity of diseases distribution across occupations. For diseases, which prevalence varied significantly across occupations, we analyzed the correlation with the distribution of suicide risk, estimated as the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of suicide. RESULTS Mental and behavioral disorders were the most commonly reported concomitant diseases in our population. In men, the prevalence of these disorders and more specifically, the prevalence of substance-related and addictive disorders, and of psychotic disorders varied significantly across occupations and was correlated with the SMR of suicide. The prevalence of malignant neoplasms and the prevalence of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue also varied significantly across male occupations, while in women, such a variation was observed for neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior and diseases of the nervous system and sense organs, without being correlated with the SMR of suicide. CONCLUSION Some of the identified morbidities can be occupation-related and could negatively affect the working capacity and the employability, which in turn could be related to the suicide. Disentangling concomitant diseases according to their work-relatedness and relationship with the suicide risk is important for identifying occupation-related suicides, understanding their characteristics, and developing appropriated interventions for their prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Schmid
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Département Sante, Travail, Environnement (DSTE), Biopôle, Route de la Corniche, 2, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L. Michaud
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Psychiatric Liaison Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N. Bovio
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Département Sante, Travail, Environnement (DSTE), Biopôle, Route de la Corniche, 2, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I. Guseva Canu
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Département Sante, Travail, Environnement (DSTE), Biopôle, Route de la Corniche, 2, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
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Smetackova I, Viktorova I, Pavlas Martanova V, Pachova A, Francova V, Stech S. Teachers Between Job Satisfaction and Burnout Syndrome: What Makes Difference in Czech Elementary Schools. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2287. [PMID: 31736813 PMCID: PMC6830443 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As has been shown by several studies, teaching is a highly stressful occupation (Johnson et al., 2005), and most teachers experience work stress. Long-term stress decreases job satisfaction and can result in chronic exhaustion which can develop into burnout syndrome. Implications of burnout syndrome are strongly negative both for the personal and professional life of teachers. As burnout syndrome puts teachers’ well-being, quality of the teaching process and relationships with students at risk, it is important to seek ways to avoid teachersÉ’ burnout. Many studies have confirmed the protective role that coping strategies play in managing stressful situations, teacher’s self-efficacy or social support. In previous studies, a negative connection was found between burnout syndrome and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is a crucial element in the definition of wellbeing. We find wellbeing rather not as a resource for burnout prevention but as an opposite state to burnout syndrome. The paper presents a quantitative survey on burnout syndrome and related variables among Czech elementary school teachers (n = 2,394). According to burnout score, two subgroups were selected – teachers with no burnout manifestations and teachers with developing/developed burnout syndrome. Through the statistical analysis, these two groups were compared in job satisfaction, self-efficacy, coping strategies, and social support. The study shows significant differences between the two groups of teachers in all examined variables. The strongest impact on burnout syndrome was found for negative coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Smetackova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ida Viktorova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Anna Pachova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Francova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stanislav Stech
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Zarate K, Maggin DM, Passmore A. Meta‐analysis of mindfulness training on teacher well‐being. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kary Zarate
- Department of Special EducationUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicago Illinois
| | - Daniel M. Maggin
- Department of Special EducationUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicago Illinois
| | - Amanda Passmore
- Department of Special EducationUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicago Illinois
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