Electrochemical sensing and bio-sensing of bisphenol A and detection of its damage to DNA: A comprehensive review

Synthesis of perovskite-type potassium niobate using deep eutectic solvents: A promising electrode material for detection of bisphenol A

This study demonstrates a hydrothermal method to prepare perovskite-type potassium niobate (KNbO₃) through deep eutectic solvent (DES), which is further used as an electrode material for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA). The as-synthesized KNbO₃ was systematically characterized by different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The KNbO₃-modified electrode demonstrates excellent electrocatalytic activity for BPA compared to the pristine electrode. The enhanced performance of the proposed sensor is attributed to the numerous active sites, large electrochemical surface area, high electrical conductivity, and rapid electron transfer. The fabricated sensor shows a wide detection range (0.01-84.3 μM), a low limit of detection (0.003 μM), a high sensitivity (0.51 μA μM^-1 cm^-2), and good anti-interference abilities towards the BPA detection by linear sweep voltammetry method. Besides, it was successfully applied to determining BPA in food samples, demonstrating good practicability. This design paves a new way to fabricate efficient electrode material for various electrochemical applications using a DES medium.

An Overview of Aptamer-Based Sensor Platforms for the Detection of Bisphenol-A

Endocrine disruptive compounds are natural or anthropogenic environmental micropollutants that alter the function of the endocrine system ultimately damaging the metabolism. Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most common of these pollutants and it is often used in epoxy coatings and polycarbonates as a plasticizer. Therefore, monitoring BPA levels in different environments is very important and challenging. In recent years, an increasing number of BPA detection methods have been proposed. This article presents a critical review of aptamer-based electrochemical, fluorescence-based, colorimetric, and several other BPA detection platforms published in the last decade. Furthermore, a statistical evaluation has been made using principle component analysis showing analytical performance parameters do not create very different clusters. Comparisons to other BPA detection methods are also presented so that the reader has an overall literature overview.

A Status Update on the Development of Polymer and Metal-Based Graphene Electrochemical Sensors for Detection and Quantitation of Bisphenol A

The detection and quantitation of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment and food products has been a subject of considerable interest. BPA, a diphenylmethane derivative is a well-known industrial raw material with wide range of applications. It is a well-known endocrine disruptor and acts as an estrogen mimic. BPA is an environmental health concern and its accumulation in hydro-geological cycles is a matter of serious ecological peril. This review basically assesses various chemically modified electrodes composed of diverse components that have been employed to recognize BPA in different matrices. Electrochemical sensors prepared using graphene materials in combination with metals and polymers for selective detection of BPA have been discussed extensively. The emphasis is on detection of BPA in various samples encountered in routine use such as plastic bottles, receipts, baby feed bottles, milk samples, mineralized water, tissue paper, DVDs, and others. Although research in this field is in the exploratory stage, deeper insights into fundamental studies of sensing systems, fast analysis of real samples and validation of sensors are some of the factors that need major impetus. It is expected that chemically modified electrode-based sensing systems will soon take over as a viable option for monitoring diverse pollutants.

Electrochemical detection of bisphenols in food: A review

Bisphenols (BPs) are worldwide used organic compounds in plastics, belonging to the group of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which exhibits endocrine disruption to beings. Migration of BPs from food contact materials like plastic containers, epoxy coatings in metal cans and thermal papers, would results in bioaccumulation of BPs in human beings, causing adverse health effects. Therefore, sensitive and selective determination of BPs in food is needed. Among different strategies have been explored for the detection of BPs, electrochemical sensors with relatively high sensitivity and fast response are promising. This paper is devoted to comprehensively review the developed electrochemical methods for BPs sensing in food, so that to find a direction for developing low cost, high accuracy and compatibility sensors toward the sensitive and selective detection of BPs. Different electrochemical technologies categorized by recognition agents, aptamers, enzymes, molecularly imprinted polymers and nanomaterials are discussed and summarized in their mechanisms, usages, merits and limitations. The challenges and further perspectives in the development of electrochemical sensors is also discussed.

A water-stable molecular cadmium phosphonate bearing 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole as a highly sensitive luminescence sensor for the selective detection of bisphenol AF and bisphenol B

A highly water-stable molecular cadmium phosphonate bearing 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole has been used as a sensor platform for the luminescence detection of bisphenol AF (BPAF) and bisphenol B (BPB) in water with good sensitivity and selectivity.

Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Detecting Bisphenol A

In recent years, several studies have focused on environmental pollutants. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one prominent industrial raw material, and its extensive utilization and release into the environment constitute an environmental hazard. BPA is considered as to be an endocrine disruptor which mimics hormones, and has a direct relationship to the development and growth of animal and human reproductive systems. Moreover, intensive exposure to the compound is related to prostate and breast cancer, infertility, obesity, and diabetes. Hence, accurate and reliable determination techniques are crucial for preventing human exposure to BPA. Experts in the field have published general electrochemical procedures for detecting BPA. The present timely review critically evaluates diverse chemically modified electrodes using various substances that have been reported in numerous studies in the recent decade for use in electrochemical sensors and biosensors to detect BPA. Additionally, the essential contributions of these substances for the design of electrochemical sensors are presented. It has been predicted that chemically modified electrode-based sensing systems will be possible options for the monitoring of detrimental pollutants.

Highly sensitive paper-based electrochemical sensor for reagent free detection of bisphenol A

Bisphenol A is one the most relevant endocrine disruptors for its toxicity and ubiquity in the environment, being largely employed as raw material for manufacturing processes of a wide number of compounds. Furthermore, bisphenol A is released in the drinking water when plastic-based bottles are incorrectly transported under sunlight, delivering contaminated drinking water. For the health of human beings and the environment, rapid and on site detection of bisphenol A in drinking water is an important issue. Herein, we report a novel and cost-effective printed electrochemical sensor for an enzymatic-free bisphenol A detection. This sensor encompasses the entire electrochemical cell printed on filter paper and the reagents for the measurement loaded in the cellulose fiber network, for delivering a reagent-free analytical tool. The working electrode was printed using ink modified with carbon black, a cost effective nanomaterial for sensitive and sustainable bisphenol A determination. Several parameters including pH, frequency, and amplitude were optimized allowing for a detection limit of 0.03 μM with two linear ranges 0.1-0.9 μM and 1 μM-50 μM, using square wave voltammetry as electrochemical technique. The satisfactory recovery values found in river and drinking water samples demonstrated the suitability of this sensor for screening analyses in water samples. These results revealed the attractiveness of this paper-based device thanks to the synergic combination of paper and carbon black as cost-effective materials.

Ultrasonic energy-assisted in-situ synthesis of Ru0/PANI/g-C3N4 nanocomposite: Application for picomolar-level electrochemical detection of endocrine disruptor (Bisphenol-A) in humans and animals

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical which resembles structurally the hormone estrogen. Even a trace amount of BPA can bind estrogen receptors resulting in the inducement of reproductive disorders, cancers and problems related to sexual growth such as manliness in female and womanliness in male. So the determination of BPA in human and animal bodies is very essential. For this purpose, a new nanocomposite composed of ruthenium nanoparticles, polyaniline and graphitic carbon nitride (Ru⁰/PANI/g-C₃N₄) has been synthesized ultrasonically (40 ± 3 kHz, 200 W). A modification on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with the nanocomposite detects BPA in human and animal urine samples with wide linear range (0.01-1.1 µM) and the limit of detection is pico molar-level. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible and Fourier Transform-Infra Red spectroscopies, thermo gravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction study, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and elemental mapping analysis. This sensing system is selective, stable and reusable, by which the detection of BPA in various physiological fluids is very much possible.

A novel copper(ıı) phthalocyanine-modified multiwalled carbon nanotube-based electrode for sensitive electrochemical detection of bisphenol A

A novel copper(ii) phthalocyanine (CuPc)-modified multiwalled carbon nanotube-based electrode was prepared for the sensitive electrochemical detection of bisphenol A, by the modification of a pencil graphite electrode via the adsorption method.

Detection of Bisphenol A Using DNA-Functionalized Graphene Field Effect Transistors Integrated in Microfluidic Systems

Bisphenol A (BPA) detection has attracted much attention recently for its importance to food safety and environment. The DNA-functionalized solution-gated graphene transistors are integrated in microfluidic systems and used for recycling detections of BPA for the first time. In the presence of BPA, both single- and double-stranded DNA molecules are detached and released from the graphene surface in aqueous solutions, leading to the change of device electrical performance. The channel currents of the devices change monotonically with the concentration of BPA. Moreover, the devices modified with double-stranded DNA are more sensitive to BPA and show the detection limit down to 10 ng/mL. The highly sensitive label-free BPA sensors are expected to be used for convenient BPA detections in many applications.