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Ioakeimidis V, Lennuyeux-Comnene L, Khachatoorian N, Gaigg SB, Haenschel C, Kyriakopoulos M, Dima D. Trait and State Anxiety Effects on Mismatch Negativity and Sensory Gating Event-Related Potentials. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1421. [PMID: 37891790 PMCID: PMC10605251 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We used the auditory roving oddball to investigate whether individual differences in self-reported anxiety influence event-related potential (ERP) activity related to sensory gating and mismatch negativity (MMN). The state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used to assess the effects of anxiety on the ERPs for auditory change detection and information filtering in a sample of thirty-six healthy participants. The roving oddball paradigm involves presentation of stimulus trains of auditory tones with certain frequencies followed by trains of tones with different frequencies. Enhanced negative mid-latency response (130-230 ms post-stimulus) was marked at the deviant (first tone) and the standard (six or more repetitions) tone at Fz, indicating successful mismatch negativity (MMN). In turn, the first and second tone in a stimulus train were subject to sensory gating at the Cz electrode site as a response to the second stimulus was suppressed at an earlier latency (40-80 ms). We used partial correlations and analyses of covariance to investigate the influence of state and trait anxiety on these two processes. Higher trait anxiety exhibited enhanced MMN amplitude (more negative) (F(1,33) = 14.259, p = 6.323 × 10-6, ηp2 = 0.302), whereas state anxiety reduced sensory gating (F(1,30) = 13.117, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.304). Our findings suggest that high trait-anxious participants demonstrate hypervigilant change detection to deviant tones that appear more salient, whereas increased state anxiety associates with failure to filter out irrelevant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Ioakeimidis
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City University of London, 10 Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (V.I.); (L.L.-C.); (S.B.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Laura Lennuyeux-Comnene
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City University of London, 10 Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (V.I.); (L.L.-C.); (S.B.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Nareg Khachatoorian
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City University of London, 10 Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (V.I.); (L.L.-C.); (S.B.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Sebastian B. Gaigg
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City University of London, 10 Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (V.I.); (L.L.-C.); (S.B.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Corinna Haenschel
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City University of London, 10 Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (V.I.); (L.L.-C.); (S.B.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Marinos Kyriakopoulos
- South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City University of London, 10 Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (V.I.); (L.L.-C.); (S.B.G.); (C.H.)
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
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Acute Stress and Gender Effects in Sensory Gating of the Auditory Evoked Potential in Healthy Subjects. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8529613. [PMID: 33777136 PMCID: PMC7981181 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8529613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating is a neurophysiological measure of inhibition that is characterized by a reduction in the P50, N100, and P200 event-related potentials to a repeated identical stimulus. It was proposed that abnormal sensory gating is involved in the neural pathological basis of some severe mental disorders. Since then, the prevailing application of sensory gating measures has been in the study of neuropathology associated with schizophrenia and so on. However, sensory gating is not only trait-like but can be also state-like, and measures of sensory gating seemed to be affected by several factors in healthy subjects. The objective of this work was to clarify the roles of acute stress and gender in sensory gating. Data showed acute stress impaired inhibition of P50 to the second click in the paired-click paradigm without effects on sensory registration leading to worse P50 sensory gating and disrupted attention allocation reflected by attenuated P200 responses than control condition, without gender effects. As for N100 and P200 gating, women showed slightly better than men without effects of acute stress. Data also showed slightly larger N100 amplitudes across clicks and significant larger P200 amplitude to the first click for women, suggesting that women might be more alert than men.
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Shen CL, Chou TL, Lai WS, Hsieh MH, Liu CC, Liu CM, Hwu HG. P50, N100, and P200 Auditory Sensory Gating Deficits in Schizophrenia Patients. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:868. [PMID: 33192632 PMCID: PMC7481459 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory gating describes neurological processes of filtering out redundant or unnecessary stimuli during information processing, and sensory gating deficits may contribute to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Among the three components of auditory event-related potentials reflecting sensory gating, P50 implies pre-attentional filtering of sensory information and N100/P200 reflects attention triggering and allocation processes. Although diminished P50 gating has been extensively documented in patients with schizophrenia, previous studies on N100 were inconclusive, and P200 has been rarely examined. This study aimed to investigate whether patients with schizophrenia have P50, N100, and P200 gating deficits compared with control subjects. METHODS Control subjects and clinically stable schizophrenia patients were recruited. The mid-latency auditory evoked responses, comprising P50, N100, and P200, were measured using the auditory-paired click paradigm without manipulation of attention. Sensory gating parameters included S1 amplitude, S2 amplitude, amplitude difference (S1-S2), and gating ratio (S2/S1). We also evaluated schizophrenia patients with PANSS to be correlated with sensory gating indices. RESULTS One hundred four patients and 102 control subjects were examined. Compared to the control group, schizophrenia patients had significant sensory gating deficits in P50, N100, and P200, reflected by larger gating ratios and smaller amplitude differences. Further analysis revealed that the S2 amplitude of P50 was larger, while the S1 amplitude of N100/P200 was smaller, in schizophrenia patients than in the controls. We found no correlations between sensory gating indices and schizophrenia positive or negative symptom clusters. However, we found a negative correlation between the P200 S2 amplitude and Bell's emotional discomfort factor/Wallwork's depressed factor. CONCLUSION Till date, this study has the largest sample size to analyze P50, N100, and P200 collectively by adopting the passive auditory paired-click paradigm without distractors. With covariates controlled for possible confounds, such as age, education, smoking amount and retained pairs, we found that schizophrenia patients had significant sensory gating deficits in P50-N100-P200. The schizophrenia patients had demonstrated a unique pattern of sensory gating deficits, including repetition suppression deficits in P50 and stimulus registration deficits in N100/200. These results suggest that sensory gating is a pervasive cognitive abnormality in schizophrenia patients that is not limited to the pre-attentive phase of information processing. Since P200 exhibited a large effect size and did not require additional time during recruitment, future studies of P50-N100-P200 collectively are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Lan Shen
- Department of General Psychiatry, Tsao-Tun Psychiatric Center, Nanto, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sung Lai
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang WL, Liu CY, Liu HM, Liu CM, Hsieh MH. Sex as a Moderating Factor in the Relationship Between Hippocampal Volume and Sensory Gating in Patients With Schizophrenia. Clin EEG Neurosci 2019; 50:227-230. [PMID: 30862179 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419830562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Building on the knowledge of sex differences in auditory sensory gating in schizophrenia and hippocampal involvement in sensory gating, this study aimed to investigate sex as a potential moderator of the association between hippocampal volume and P50 in schizophrenia. Auditory P50 gating and hippocampal volume were measured in 16 male and 15 female patients with schizophrenia. The correlations between hippocampal volume and P50 were analyzed in males and females separately, corrected for potential confounders, including age, duration of illness, and antipsychotic medication. Different associative patterns of hippocampal volume with P50 gating ratio and with P50 difference were found by sex. The results suggest sex may play a role in the physiology of sensory gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lieh Huang
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin.,2 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.,3 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei.,4 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Chao-Yu Liu
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin.,3 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Hon-Man Liu
- 5 Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.,3 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.,3 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Hsieh MH, Lin YT, Chien YL, Hwang TJ, Hwu HG, Liu CM, Liu CC. Auditory Event-Related Potentials in Antipsychotic-Free Subjects With Ultra-High-Risk State and First-Episode Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:223. [PMID: 31037058 PMCID: PMC6476279 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) have been utilized to study defective information processing of patients with schizophrenia. To delineate the pathophysiological processes from pre-psychotic state to first-episode psychosis, a study on subjects from ultra-high-risk (UHR) state to first-episode psychosis, ideally in an antipsychotic-free condition, can add important information to our understanding. Methods: Patients with UHR state or at their first-episode psychosis (FEP) who were drug-naive or only have been temporarily treated with antipsychotics were assessed by auditory ERPs measurement, including P50/N100 (sensory gating) and duration mismatch negativity (MMN; deviance detection). A group of age-matched healthy subjects served as their controls. Results: A total of 42 patients (23 UHR and 19 FEP) and 120 control subjects were recruited, including 21 pure drug-naive and 21 with very short exposure to antipsychotics. Collapsing FEP and UHR as a patient group, they exhibited significant sensory deficits manifested as larger P50 S2 amplitude, larger N100 ratio, and smaller N100 difference, and significantly less deviance detection response revealed by MMN. Such differences were less significant when treating FEP and UHR separately for comparisons. Comparisons of ERP results between drug-naive subjects and antipsychotic-short-exposure subjects revealed no significant difference in any P50/N100 and MMN parameter. Conclusion: Our study is one of the few studies focused on drug-naive or minimally treated patients at pre- or early-psychotic states. Our results exhibited impaired performance in sensory gating and deviance detection shown by certain parameters. A longitudinal study with larger sample sizes will be helpful to provide more evidence to elucidate the role of antipsychotics on an individual's neurophysiological performance at different stages of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Toyomaki A, Hashimoto N, Kako Y, Tomimatsu Y, Koyama T, Kusumi I. Different P50 sensory gating measures reflect different cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2015; 2:166-169. [PMID: 29379766 PMCID: PMC5779302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The P50 is an early component of auditory evoked potentials and a measure of sensory gating deficits. This evoked potential component is thought to be an important endophenotype candidate for schizophrenia. Recent research suggests that instead of the P50 ratio, S1 and S2 amplitudes should be evaluated for sensory gating. However, no studies have focused on the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and P50 sensory gating deficits using S1 and S2 amplitudes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between the P50 ratio (S2/S1), S1 and S2 amplitudes, and neuropsychological cognitive domains using stepwise multiple linear regression analyses. Results demonstrated a significant relationship between executive functioning and the P50 ratio and between sustained attention and S2 amplitude, respectively. Our findings suggest that the P50 ratio and S2 amplitude reflect distinct neurophysiological substrates associated with different cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhito Toyomaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuki Kako
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Tomimatsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Koyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Terada H, Kurayama T, Nakazawa K, Matsuzawa D, Shimizu E. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) onthe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex alters P50 gating. Neurosci Lett 2015; 602:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang Y, Feng Y, Jia Y, Wang W, Xie Y, Guan Y, Zhong S, Zhu D, Huang L. Auditory M50 and M100 sensory gating deficits in bipolar disorder: a MEG study. J Affect Disord 2014; 152-154:131-8. [PMID: 24021957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Auditory sensory gating deficits have been reported in subjects with bipolar disorder, but the hemispheric and neuronal origins of this deficit are not well understood. Moreover, gating of the auditory evoked components reflecting early attentive stage of information processing has not been investigated in bipolar disorder. The objectives of this study were to investigate the right and left hemispheric auditory sensory gating of the M50 (preattentive processing) and M100 (early attentive processing) in patients diagnosed with bipolar I disorder by utilizing magnetoencephalography (MEG). METHODS Whole-head MEG data were acquired during the standard paired-click paradigm in 20 bipolar I disorder patients and 20 healthy controls. The M50 and the M100 responses were investigated, and dipole source localizations were also investigated. Sensory gating were determined by measuring the strength of the M50 and the M100 response to the second click divided by that of the first click (S2/S1). RESULTS In every subject, M50 and M100 dipolar sources localized to the left and right posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus (STG). Bipolar I disorder patients showed bilateral gating deficits in M50 and M100. The bilateral M50 S2 source strengths were significantly higher in the bipolar I disorder group compared to the control group. LIMITATIONS The sample size was relatively small. More studies with larger sample sizes are warranted. Bipolar subjects were taking a wide range of medications that could not be readily controlled for. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that bipolar I disorder patients have auditory gating deficits at both pre-attentive and early attentive levels, which might be related to STG structural abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Clinical Experimental Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Gooding DC, Gjini K, Burroughs SA, Boutros NN. The association between psychosis proneness and sensory gating in cocaine-dependent patients and healthy controls. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:1092-100. [PMID: 24064464 PMCID: PMC3840098 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This was a naturalistic study of 23 abstinent cocaine-dependent patients and 38 controls who were studied using a paired-stimulus paradigm to elicit three mid-latency auditory evoked responses (MLAERs), namely, the P50, N100, and P200. Sensory gating was defined as the ratio of the S2 amplitude to the S1 amplitude. Psychosis-proneness was assessed using four Chapman psychosis proneness scales measuring perceptual aberration, magical ideation, social anhedonia, and physical anhedonia. Omnibus correlations based upon the entire sample revealed significant and differential relationships between the MLAER components and psychosis-proneness. Social Anhedonia scale scores accounted for the largest proportion of variance in the P50 gating ratio, while Perceptual Aberration scores accounted for the largest proportion of variance in P200 gating. Psychosis proneness and sensory gating appear to be associated. In particular, poorer P50 gating is related to higher scores on the Social Anhedonia scale in healthy controls and across mixed samples of cocainede-pendent patients and controls. These findings hold significance for the further understanding of the relationship between deficient sensory gating ability and the propensity to developing psychotic symptoms in a vulnerable population like cocaine-dependent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Gooding
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychology, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States; University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, United States.
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Cabranes JA, Ancín I, Santos JL, Sánchez-Morla E, García-Jiménez MA, Rodríguez-Moya L, Fernández C, Barabash A. P50 sensory gating is a trait marker of the bipolar spectrum. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:721-7. [PMID: 22770636 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sensory gating deficit, assessed by a paired auditory stimulus paradigm (P50), has been reported as a stable marker of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to explore if this neurophysiological disturbance also fulfilled stability criteria in the bipolar disorder (BD) spectrum bipolar, as state independence is one of the main points to be considered as a potential endophenotype of the illness. The P50 evoked potential was studied in 95 healthy controls and 126 bipolar euthymic patients. Euthymia was established according to Van Gorp's criteria. Bipolar I and II subtypes were analyzed separately. The influence of a lifetime history of psychoses was also evaluated in the clinical sample. P50 gating was deficitary in all the subsamples of patients relative to healthy comparison subjects. Bipolar I patients with and without a history of psychosis showed higher P50 ratios than the other subgroups of patients, although these differences were not significant. P50 alterations were mainly due to a deficit in the inhibition of the second wave (test wave or S2) amplitude. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that this inhibitory deficit can be considered characteristic of the illness and that the intensity of the gating abnormality varies according to the severity of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Cabranes
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Shan JC, Liu CM, Chiu MJ, Liu CC, Chien YL, Hwang TJ, Lin YT, Hsieh MH, Jaw FS, Hwu HG. A diagnostic model incorporating P50 sensory gating and neuropsychological tests for schizophrenia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57197. [PMID: 23460831 PMCID: PMC3584115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endophenotypes in schizophrenia research is a contemporary approach to studying this heterogeneous mental illness, and several candidate neurophysiological markers (e.g. P50 sensory gating) and neuropsychological tests (e.g. Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)) have been proposed. However, the clinical utility of a single marker appears to be limited. In the present study, we aimed to construct a diagnostic model incorporating P50 sensory gating with other neuropsychological tests in order to improve the clinical utility. METHODS We recruited clinically stable outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria of schizophrenia and age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Participants underwent P50 sensory gating experimental sessions and batteries of neuropsychological tests, including CPT, WCST and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Third Edition (WAIS-III). RESULTS A total of 106 schizophrenia patients and 74 healthy controls were enrolled. Compared with healthy controls, the patient group had significantly a larger S2 amplitude, and thus poorer P50 gating ratio (gating ratio = S2/S1). In addition, schizophrenia patients had a poorer performance on neuropsychological tests. We then developed a diagnostic model by using multivariable logistic regression analysis to differentiate patients from healthy controls. The final model included the following covariates: abnormal P50 gating (defined as P50 gating ratio >0.4), three subscales derived from the WAIS-III (Arithmetic, Block Design, and Performance IQ), sensitivity index from CPT and smoking status. This model had an adequate accuracy (concordant percentage = 90.4%; c-statistic = 0.904; Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit Test, p = 0.64>0.05). CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study to date using P50 sensory gating in subjects of Chinese ethnicity and the first to use P50 sensory gating along with other neuropsychological tests to develop a diagnostic model for schizophrenia. Further research to validate the predictive accuracy of this model by applying it on other samples is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chi Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Ming H. Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shan Jaw
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Boutros NN, Gjini K, Eickhoff SB, Urbach H, Pflieger ME. Mapping repetition suppression of the P50 evoked response to the human cerebral cortex. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 124:675-85. [PMID: 23131383 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cerebral network subserving repetition suppression (RS) of the P50 auditory evoked response as observed using paired-identical-stimulus (S1-S2) paradigms is not well-described. METHODS We analyzed S1-S2 data from electrodes placed on the cortices of 64 epilepsy patients. We identified regions with maximal amplitude responses to S1 (i.e., stimulus registration), regions with maximal suppression of responses to S2 relative to S1 (i.e., RS), and regions with no or minimal RS 30-80 ms post stimulation. RESULTS Several temporal, parietal and cingulate area regions were shown to have significant initial registration activity (i.e., strong P50 response to S1). Moreover, prefrontal, cingulate, and parietal lobe regions not previously proposed to be part of the P50 habituation neural circuitry were found to exhibit significant RS. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the neural network underlying the initial phases of the RS process may include regions not previously thought to be involved like the parietal and cingulate cortexes. In addition, a significant role for the frontal lobe in mediating this function is supported. SIGNIFICANCE A number of regions of interest are identified through invasive recording that will allow further probing of the RS function using less invasive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nash N Boutros
- Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Hsieh MH, Shan JC, Huang WL, Cheng WC, Chiu MJ, Jaw FS, Hwu HG, Liu CC. Auditory event-related potential of subjects with suspected pre-psychotic state and first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2012; 140:243-9. [PMID: 22784684 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent schizophrenia research exploring the complicated pathogenesis of schizophrenia has focused on the subjects with at-risk mental states in order to exclude the influence of confounding factors. This study explores 3 sets of auditory-related event potentials in subjects with different risk levels of psychosis. METHODS Subjects were recruited from the SOPRES study in Taiwan. P50 and N100 using an auditory paired-click paradigm and duration MMN were assessed on 32 first-episode psychosis (FEP), 30 ultra-high risk (UHR), 37 E-BARS (early/broad at-risk mental states) participants and 56 controls. RESULTS MMN was correlated with neither P50 nor N100, whereas many parameters of the latter two were intercorrelated with each other. Compared to healthy controls, MMNs were significantly lower in all 3 clinical groups (E-BARS, UHR and FEP). A gradient of sensory-gating deficits, manifested by increased P50 ratios (S2/S1) and decreased N100 differences, across different levels of clinical severity was suggested by a linear trend. For the UHR subjects, P50 gating ratio, N100 gating ratio, N100 difference, and N100S2 amplitude might be potential indicators to discriminate converters from non-converters. CONCLUSIONS By including subjects with E-BARS, our results provide new insight regarding pre-attentive auditory event-related potential in subjects across different risk levels of psychotic disorders. Impaired deviance detection shown by MMNs already exists in people at a pre-psychotic state regardless of clinical severity, while sensory-gating deficits shown by P50/N100 varies depending on the risk levels in prodromal period. Further longitudinal research exploring the relationship between ERPs and subjects with a suspected pre-psychotic state is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming H Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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