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Perini F, Nazimek JM, Mckie S, Capitão LP, Scaife J, Pal D, Browning M, Dawson GR, Nishikawa H, Campbell U, Hopkins SC, Loebel A, Elliott R, Harmer CJ, Deakin B, Koblan KS. Effects of ulotaront on brain circuits of reward, working memory, and emotion processing in healthy volunteers with high or low schizotypy. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:49. [PMID: 37550314 PMCID: PMC10406926 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Ulotaront, a trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist without antagonist activity at dopamine D2 or the serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of schizophrenia. Here we report the phase 1 translational studies that profiled the effect of ulotaront on brain responses to reward, working memory, and resting state connectivity (RSC) in individuals with low or high schizotypy (LS or HS). Participants were randomized to placebo (n = 32), ulotaront (50 mg; n = 30), or the D2 receptor antagonist amisulpride (400 mg; n = 34) 2 h prior to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses to task performance. Ulotaront increased subjective drowsiness, but reaction times were impaired by less than 10% and did not correlate with BOLD responses. In the Monetary Incentive Delay task (reward processing), ulotaront significantly modulated striatal responses to incentive cues, induced medial orbitofrontal responses, and prevented insula activation seen in HS subjects. In the N-Back working memory task, ulotaront modulated BOLD signals in brain regions associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Ulotaront did not show antidepressant-like biases in an emotion processing task. HS had significantly reduced connectivity in default, salience, and executive networks compared to LS participants and both drugs reduced this difference. Although performance impairment may have weakened or contributed to the fMRI findings, the profile of ulotaront on BOLD activations elicited by reward, memory, and resting state is compatible with an indirect modulation of dopaminergic function as indicated by preclinical studies. This phase 1 study supported the subsequent clinical proof of concept trial in people with schizophrenia.Clinical trial registration: Registry# and URL: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01972711, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01972711.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perini
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jadwiga Maria Nazimek
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Shane Mckie
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Liliana P Capitão
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Jessica Scaife
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Deepa Pal
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Michael Browning
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- P1vital LTD, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK
| | - Gerard R Dawson
- P1vital LTD, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK
| | - Hiroyuki Nishikawa
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Una Campbell
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Seth C Hopkins
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA.
| | - Antony Loebel
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Bill Deakin
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kenneth S Koblan
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
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Zouraraki C, Karamaouna P, Giakoumaki SG. Cognitive Processes and Resting-State Functional Neuroimaging Findings in High Schizotypal Individuals and Schizotypal Personality Disorder Patients: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:615. [PMID: 37190580 PMCID: PMC10137138 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ample research findings indicate that there is altered brain functioning in the schizophrenia spectrum. Nevertheless, functional neuroimaging findings remain ambiguous for healthy individuals expressing high schizotypal traits and patients with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). The purpose of this systematic review was to identify patterns of task-related and resting-state neural abnormalities across these conditions. MEDLINE-PubMed and PsycINFO were systematically searched and forty-eight studies were selected. Forty studies assessed healthy individuals with high schizotypal traits and eight studies examined SPD patients with functional neuroimaging techniques (fNIRS; fMRI; Resting-state fMRI). Functional alterations in striatal, frontal and temporal regions were found in healthy individuals with high schizotypal traits. Schizotypal personality disorder was associated with default mode network abnormalities but further research is required in order to better conceive its neural correlates. There was also evidence for functional compensatory mechanisms associated with both conditions. To conclude, the findings suggest that brain dysfunctions are evident in individuals who lie along the subclinical part of the spectrum, further supporting the continuum model for schizophrenia susceptibility. Additional research is required in order to delineate the counterbalancing processes implicated in the schizophrenia spectrum, as this approach will provide promising insights for both conversion and protection from conversion into schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Zouraraki
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 74100 Rethymno, Greece; (C.Z.); (P.K.)
- University of Crete Research Center for the Humanities, The Social and Education Sciences (UCRC), University of Crete, Gallos University Campus, 74100 Rethymno, Greece
| | - Penny Karamaouna
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 74100 Rethymno, Greece; (C.Z.); (P.K.)
- University of Crete Research Center for the Humanities, The Social and Education Sciences (UCRC), University of Crete, Gallos University Campus, 74100 Rethymno, Greece
| | - Stella G. Giakoumaki
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 74100 Rethymno, Greece; (C.Z.); (P.K.)
- University of Crete Research Center for the Humanities, The Social and Education Sciences (UCRC), University of Crete, Gallos University Campus, 74100 Rethymno, Greece
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Qin Y, Jiang S, Xiong S, Li S, Fu Q, Yang L, Du P, Luo C, Yao D. Unbalance between working memory task-activation and task-deactivation networks in epilepsy: Simultaneous EEG-fMRI study. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1188-1199. [PMID: 36866516 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is a cognitive function involving emergent properties of theta oscillations and large-scale network interactions. The synchronization of WM task-related networks in the brain enhanced WM performance. However, how these networks regulate WM processing is not well known, and the alteration of the interaction among these networks may play an important role in patients with cognitive dysfunction. In this study, we used simultaneous EEG-fMRI to examine the features of theta oscillations and the functional interactions among activation/deactivation networks during the n-back WM task in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). The results showed that there was more enhancement of frontal theta power along with WM load increase in IGE, and the theta power was positively correlated with the accuracy of the WM tasks. Moreover, fMRI activations/deactivations correlated with n-back tasks were estimated, and we found that the IGE group had increased and widespread activations in high-load WM tasks, including the frontoparietal activation network and task-related deactivation areas, such as the default mode network and primary visual and auditory networks. In addition, the network connectivity results demonstrated decreased counteraction between the activation network and deactivation network, and the counteraction was correlated with the higher theta power in IGE. These results indicated the important role of the interactions between activation and deactivation networks during the WM process, and the unbalance among them may indicate the pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive dysfunction in generalized epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qin
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Institute for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chengdu, China
| | - Sisi Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Siwei Xiong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Sipei Li
- Glasgow College, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiankun Fu
- Glasgow College, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peishan Du
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Institute for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chengdu, China
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Szeszko PR, Gohel S, Vaccaro DH, Chu KW, Tang CY, Goldstein KE, New AS, Siever LJ, McClure M, Perez-Rodriguez MM, Haznedar MM, Byne W, Hazlett EA. Frontotemporal thalamic connectivity in schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 322:111463. [PMID: 35240516 PMCID: PMC9018622 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) resembles schizophrenia, but with attenuated brain abnormalities and the absence of psychosis. The thalamus is integral for processing and transmitting information across cortical regions and widely implicated in the neurobiology of schizophrenia. Comparing thalamic connectivity in SPD and schizophrenia could reveal an intermediate schizophrenia-spectrum phenotype to elucidate neurobiological risk and protective factors in psychosis. We used rsfMRI to investigate functional connectivity between the mediodorsal nucleus (MDN) and pulvinar, and their connectivity with frontal and temporal cortical regions, respectively in 43 healthy controls (HCs), and individuals in the schizophrenia-spectrum including 45 psychotropic drug-free individuals with SPD, and 20 individuals with schizophrenia-related disorders [(schizophrenia (n = 10), schizoaffective disorder (n = 8), schizophreniform disorder (n = 1) and psychosis NOS (n = 1)]. Individuals with SPD had greater functional connectivity between the MDN and pulvinar compared to individuals with schizophrenia. Thalamo-frontal (i.e., between the MDN and rostral middle frontal cortex) connectivity was comparable in SPD and HCs; in SPD greater connectivity was associated with less symptom severity. Individuals with schizophrenia had less thalamo-frontal connectivity and thalamo-temporal (i.e., pulvinar to the transverse temporal cortex) connectivity compared with HCs. Thalamo-frontal functional connectivity may be comparable in SPD and HCs, but abnormal in schizophrenia, and that this may be protective against psychosis in SPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Szeszko
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Suril Gohel
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel H Vaccaro
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - King-Wai Chu
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheuk Y Tang
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kim E Goldstein
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Antonia S New
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Larry J Siever
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret McClure
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | | | - M Mehmet Haznedar
- Mental Health Patient Care Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Byne
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin A Hazlett
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Zarnowski O, Ziton S, Holmberg R, Musto S, Riegle S, Van Antwerp E, Santos-Nunez G. Functional MRI findings in personality disorders: A review. J Neuroimaging 2021; 31:1049-1066. [PMID: 34468063 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality disorders (PDs) have a prevalence of approximately 10% in the United States, translating to over 30 million people affected in just one country. The true prevalence of these disorders may be even higher, as the paucity of objective diagnostic criteria could be leading to underdiagnosis. Because little is known about the underlying neuropathologies of these disorders, patients are diagnosed using subjective criteria and treated nonspecifically. To better understand the neural aberrancies responsible for these patients' symptoms, a review of functional MRI literature was performed. The findings reveal that each PD is characterized by a unique set of activation changes corresponding to individual structures or specific neural networks. While unique patterns of neural activity are distinguishable within each PD, aberrations of the limbic/paralimbic structures and default mode network are noted across several of them. In addition to identifying valuable activation patterns, this review reveals a void in research pertaining to paranoid, schizoid, histrionic, narcissistic, and dependent PDs. By delineating patterns in PD neuropathology, we can more effectively direct future research efforts toward enhancing objective diagnostic techniques and developing targeted treatment modalities. Furthermore, understanding why patients are manifesting certain symptoms can advance clinical awareness and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Zarnowski
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Shirley Ziton
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Rylan Holmberg
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Sarafina Musto
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Sean Riegle
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Emily Van Antwerp
- West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gabriela Santos-Nunez
- University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Radiology Department, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Attademo L, Bernardini F, Verdolini N. Neural Correlates of Schizotypal Personality Disorder: a Systematic Review of Neuroimaging and EEG Studies. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 17:1283-1298. [PMID: 33459241 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210114142206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is a cluster A personality disorder affecting 1.0% of general population, characterised by disturbances in cognition and reality testing dimensions, affect regulation, and interpersonal function. SPD shares similar but attenuated phenomenological, genetic, and neurobiological abnormalities with schizophrenia (SCZ) and is described as part of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. OBJECTIVE Aim of this work was to identify the major neural correlates of SPD. METHODS This is a systematic review conducted according to PRISMA statement. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO - International prospective register of systematic reviews. The review was performed to summarise the most comprehensive and updated evidence on functional neuroimaging and neurophysiology findings obtained through different techniques (DW-MRI, DTI, PET, SPECT, fMRI, MRS, EEG) in individuals with SPD. RESULTS Of the 52 studies included in this review, 9 were on DW-MRI and DTI, 11 were on PET and SPECT, 11 were on fMRI and MRS, and 21 were on EEG. It was complex to synthesise all the functional abnormalities found into a single, unified, pathogenetic pathway, but a common theme emerged: the dysfunction of brain circuits including striatal, frontal, temporal, limbic regions (and their networks) together with a dysregulation along the dopaminergic pathways. CONCLUSION Brain abnormalities in SPD are similar, but less marked, than those found in SCZ. Furthermore, different patterns of functional abnormalities in SPD and SCZ have been found, confirming the previous literature on the 'presence' of possible compensatory factors, protecting individuals with SPD from frank psychosis and providing diagnostic specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Attademo
- Hospital Psychiatric Service for Diagnosis and Care (S.P.D.C.) of Potenza, Department of Mental Health, ASP Basilicata, Italian National Health Service, Potenza. Italy
| | - Francesco Bernardini
- Hospital Psychiatric Service for Diagnosis and Care (S.P.D.C.) of Pordenone, Department of Mental Health, AsFO Friuli Occidentale, Italian National Health Service, Pordenone. Italy
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st., Barcelona, Catalunya. Spain
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O'Brien KJ, Barch DM, Kandala S, Karcher NR. Examining Specificity of Neural Correlates of Childhood Psychotic-like Experiences During an Emotional n-Back Task. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:580-590. [PMID: 32354687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) during childhood are associated with greater risk of developing a psychotic disorder in adulthood, highlighting the importance of identifying neural correlates of childhood PLEs. Furthermore, impairment of cognitive functions, such as working memory and emotion regulation, has also been linked to psychosis risk as well as to disruptions in several brain regions. However, impairments in these domains have also been linked to other disorders, including depression. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether neural impairments in regions associated with working memory and implicit emotion regulation impairments are specific to PLEs versus depression. METHODS The current study used an emotional n-back task to examine the relationship between childhood PLEs and neural activation of regions involved in both working memory and implicit emotion regulation using data from 8805 9- to 11-year-olds in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study 2.0 release. To examine specificity, we also analyzed associations with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Our results indicated that increased PLEs during middle childhood were associated with decreased activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, striatum, and pallidum during trials requiring working memory. In contrast, increased activation of the parahippocampus, caudate, nucleus accumbens, and rostral anterior cingulate during face-viewing trials was associated with increased depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results support the dimensional view of psychosis across the lifespan, providing evidence that neural correlates of PLEs, such as decreased activation during working memory, are present during middle childhood. Furthermore, these correlates are specific to psychotic-like symptoms as compared with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Wang Y, Harding IH, Testa R, Tonge B, Jones H, Seal M, Ross N, Chan RCK, van Beurden F, Abu-Akel A, Skafidas E, Pantelis C. Structural and functional brain abnormalities in children with schizotypal disorder: a pilot study. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2020; 6:6. [PMID: 32188859 PMCID: PMC7080771 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-020-0095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizotypal disorder lies in the schizophrenia spectrum and is widely studied in adult populations. Schizotypal disorder in children (SDc) is less well described. This study examined brain morphological and functional connectivity abnormalities in SDc (12 SDc and 9 typically developing children), focusing on the default mode and executive control brain networks. Results indicated that SDc is associated with reduced grey matter volume (GMV) in superior and medial frontal gyri, and increased resting-state functional connectivity between the superior frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule, compared to typically developing children (cluster-level FWE-corrected p < 0.05). The brain structure abnormality (GMV in left superior frontal gyrus) was correlated with clinical symptoms in SDc (r = −0.66, p = 0.026) and functional connectivity abnormality was correlated with extra-dimensional shifting impairments in all participants (r = 0.62, p = 0.011), suggesting their contribution to the underlying mechanisms of clinical presentation. These preliminary results motivate further work to characterize the neural basis of SDc and its significance as a risk factor for later psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Ian H Harding
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health & School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Renee Testa
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,The Child and Adolescent Neuropsychology Group, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Mental Health Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce Tonge
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Harvey Jones
- Department of Psychology, Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Seal
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nola Ross
- The Child and Adolescent Neuropsychology Group, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Florian van Beurden
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Ahmad Abu-Akel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Efstratios Skafidas
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Sasabayashi D, Takayanagi Y, Takahashi T, Nemoto K, Furuichi A, Kido M, Nishikawa Y, Nakamura M, Noguchi K, Suzuki M. Increased brain gyrification in the schizophrenia spectrum. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:70-76. [PMID: 31596011 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Increased brain gyrification in diverse cortical regions has been reported in patients with schizophrenia, possibly reflecting deviations in early neurodevelopment. However, it remains unknown whether patients with schizotypal disorder exhibit similar changes. METHODS This magnetic resonance imaging study investigated brain gyrification in 46 patients with schizotypal disorder (29 male, 17 female), 101 patients with schizophrenia (55 male, 46 female), and 77 healthy controls (44 male, 33 female). T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained for each participant. Using FreeSurfer software, the local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was compared across the groups. RESULTS Both schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder patients showed a significantly higher LGI in diverse cortical regions, including the bilateral prefrontal and left parietal cortices, as compared with controls, but its extent was broader in schizophrenia especially for the right prefrontal and left occipital regions. No significant correlations were found between the LGI and clinical variables (e.g., symptom severity, medication) for either of the patient groups. CONCLUSION Increased LGI in the frontoparietal regions was common to both patient groups and might represent vulnerability to schizophrenia, while more diverse changes in schizophrenia patients might be associated with the manifestation of florid psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mihoko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
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10
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Chu CP, Wu SW, Huang YJ, Chiang MC, Hsieh ST, Guo YL. Neuroimaging signatures of brain plasticity in adults with prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls: Altered functional connectivity on functional MRI. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:960-968. [PMID: 31085483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), persistent organic pollutants in food chains and environment, exerts negative effects on children's cognitive function. To study the long-term effects, we examined cognitive functions in the male children of women with substantial PCB exposure in Taiwan during 1978-1979 and investigated neural basis of cognitive function changes through structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI), which included resting-state and task-activated fMRI with two paradigms: a 2-back task and a picture rotation task. Ten men aged 30.0 ± 3.7 years with prenatal exposure to PCBs and 11 unexposed controls aged 28.1 ± 3.1 years participated. Both groups had similar cognitive phenotypes and behavioral results. Structural MRI analysis results showed that the PCB group had increased cortical thickness over the right inferior parietal lobule. In the resting-state study, the PCB group showed alterations in the default mode network. During the tasks, the PCB group showed decreased task-induced deactivation signals in cognition-associated brain areas during the 2-back task but enhanced deactivations during the picture rotation task. This study demonstrated altered structural MRI as well as resting and task-related fMRI in men with prenatal PCB exposure, suggesting altered brain plasticity and compensatory neuropsychological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Pang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Science, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Songde Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Science, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Huang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Science, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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11
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Cross-cultural studies on the prevalence of personality disorders. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2018.80200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Wu S, Wang H, Chen C, Zou J, Huang H, Li P, Zhao Y, Xu Q, Zhang L, Wang H, Pandit S, Dahal S, Chen J, Zhou Y, Jiang T, Wang G. Task Performance Modulates Functional Connectivity Involving the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Patients with Schizophrenia. Front Psychol 2017; 8:56. [PMID: 28289394 PMCID: PMC5326798 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls exhibit differential activation of and connectivity involving the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during working memory tasks, though their findings remain inconsistent. The functional integration perspective further suggests that working memory performance also modulates differences in functional interactions of the DLPFC between patients and controls. To explore this possibility, 45 healthy controls and 45 patients with schizophrenia were recruited to perform a 2-back task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Each group was further divided into two subgroups based on task performance to examine the modulatory effect of performance on functional interactions of the DLPFC, as measured via psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses. We observed that, in patients with schizophrenia who exhibited impaired working memory capacity and decreased brain activation/deactivation, functional interactions between the right/left DLPFC and angular cortex were decreased relative to those of healthy controls. Furthermore, we observed an interaction effect of working memory performance and diagnosis on functional connectivity between the right/left DLPFC seed region and posterior regions such as the angular cortex, fusiform gyrus, and middle occipital gyrus. This interaction effect was mainly driven by the negative correlation between functional connectivity and performance in healthy controls, and by the positive correlation in patients with schizophrenia. These results demonstrate the effects of inter-individual differences in working memory performance on functional interactions between the DLPFC and posterior regions in patients with schizophrenia as well as healthy controls, which may shed new light on the neural basis of working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated DiseaseWuhan, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Jilin Zou
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Peifu Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Qizhong Xu
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Hesheng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Sanjib Pandit
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Subodh Dahal
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of PsychologyBeijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automatuon, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China; Hubei Institute of Neurology and Psychiatry ResearchWuhan, China; Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning, China
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13
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The effects of working memory training on enhancing hedonic processing to affective rewards in individuals with high social anhedonia. Psychiatry Res 2016; 245:482-490. [PMID: 27639163 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a core feature of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and is less responsive to antipsychotic medication. Little is known whether anhedonia could be alleviated by cognitive training. The present study aimed to examine whether hedonic deficits observed in individuals with high social anhedonia could be reduced by working memory (WM) training. Thirty-four individuals with high social anhedonia were randomly assigned to either a WM training group or a control group. The WM training group received 20 sessions of dual n-back task training for four weeks. The affective incentive delay task was administered in all participants before the training and one month later. The results showed that individuals who received the WM training showed significant improvement in WM performance (F(19, 304)=55.80, p<0.001) and they also showed significant improvement in approach sensitivity to rewards (p=0.004). These preliminary findings suggest that hedonic processing could be improved through WM training in individuals with high social anhedonia. These results may have important implications for the development of non-pharmacological interventions to alleviate anhedonia in patients with schizophrenia.
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14
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Zhang Q, Shen J, Wu J, Yu X, Lou W, Fan H, Shi L, Wang D. Altered default mode network functional connectivity in schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophr Res 2014; 160:51-6. [PMID: 25458858 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) has been identified to play a critical role in many mental disorders, but such abnormalities have not yet been determined in patients with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). The purpose of this study was to analyze the alteration of the DMN functional connectivity in subjects with (SPD) and compared it to healthy control subjects. Eighteen DSM-IV diagnosed SPD subjects (all male, average age: 19.7±0.9) from a pool of 3000 first year college students, and eighteen age and gender matched healthy control subjects were recruited (all male, average age: 20.3±0.9). Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to analyze the DMN functional connectivity alteration. Compared to the healthy control group, SPD subjects had significantly decreased functional connectivity in the frontal areas, including the superior and medial frontal gyrus, and greater functional connectivity in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and sub-lobar regions, including the bilateral putamen and caudate. Compared to subjects with SPD, the healthy control group showed decreased functional connectivity in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, but showed greater functional connectivity in the right transverse temporal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. The healthy control group also showed greater activation in the cerebellum compared to the SPD group. These findings suggest that DMN functional connectivity, particularly that involving cognitive or emotional regulation, is altered in SPD subjects, and thus may be helpful in studying schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China; Research Center for Medical Image Computing, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jianlin Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Wutao Lou
- Research Center for Medical Image Computing, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hongyu Fan
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Defeng Wang
- Research Center for Medical Image Computing, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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15
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Abstract
The study of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is important clinically, as it is understudied, challenging to treat, often under-recognized or misdiagnosed, and associated with significant functional impairment. SPD also represents an intermediate schizophrenia-spectrum phenotype, and therefore, can provide a better understanding of the genetics, pathogenesis, and treatment of related psychotic illnesses. In this review we discuss recent findings of SPD related to epidemiology and functional impairment, heritability and genetics, working memory and cognitive impairments, social-affective disturbances, and neurobiology. Additionally, we examine the challenges associated with treating patients with SPD, as well as clinical recommendations. Finally, we address future directions and areas in need of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Rosell
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Shira E. Futterman
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Antonia McMaster
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Larry J. Siever
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
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16
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Sepede G, Spano MC, Lorusso M, Berardis DD, Salerno RM, Giannantonio MD, Gambi F. Sustained attention in psychosis: Neuroimaging findings. World J Radiol 2014; 6:261-273. [PMID: 24976929 PMCID: PMC4072813 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i6.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide a systematic review of scientific literature on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on sustained attention in psychosis. We searched PubMed to identify fMRI studies pertaining sustained attention in both affective and non-affective psychosis. Only studies conducted on adult patients using a sustained attention task during fMRI scanning were included in the final review. The search was conducted on September 10th, 2013. 15 fMRI studies met our inclusion criteria: 12 studies were focused on Schizophrenia and 3 on Bipolar Disorder Type I (BDI). Only half of the Schizophrenia studies and two of the BDI studies reported behavioral abnormalities, but all of them evidenced significant functional differences in brain regions related to the sustained attention system. Altered functioning of the insula was found in both Schizophrenia and BDI, and therefore proposed as a candidate trait marker for psychosis in general. On the other hand, other brain regions were differently impaired in affective and non-affective psychosis: alterations of cingulate cortex and thalamus seemed to be more common in Schizophrenia and amygdala dysfunctions in BDI. Neural correlates of sustained attention seem to be of great interest in the study of psychosis, highlighting differences and similarities between Schizophrenia and BDI.
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