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Becker M, Fischer DJ, Kühn S, Gallinat J. Videogame training increases clinical well-being, attention and hippocampal-prefrontal functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:218. [PMID: 38806461 PMCID: PMC11133354 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research shows that videogame training enhances neuronal plasticity and cognitive improvements in healthy individuals. As patients with schizophrenia exhibit reduced neuronal plasticity linked to cognitive deficits and symptoms, we investigated whether videogame-related cognitive improvements and plasticity changes extend to this population. In a training study, patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls were randomly assigned to 3D or 2D platformer videogame training or E-book reading (active control) for 8 weeks, 30 min daily. After training, both videogame conditions showed significant increases in sustained attention compared to the control condition, correlated with increased functional connectivity in a hippocampal-prefrontal network. Notably, patients trained with videogames mostly improved in negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and perceived mental health recovery. Videogames, incorporating initiative, goal setting and gratification, offer a training approach closer to real life than current psychiatric treatments. Our results provide initial evidence that they may represent a possible adjunct therapeutic intervention for complex mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxi Becker
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Humboldt-University Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Djo J Fischer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
- Max Planck-UCL Center for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Gao J, Jiang R, Tang X, Chen J, Yu M, Zhou C, Wang X, Zhang H, Huang C, Yang Y, Zhang X, Cui Z, Zhang X. A neuromarker for deficit syndrome in schizophrenia from a combination of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3774-3785. [PMID: 37288482 PMCID: PMC10651988 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Deficit schizophrenia (DS), defined by primary and enduring negative symptoms, has been proposed as a promising homogeneous subtype of schizophrenia. It has been demonstrated that unimodal neuroimaging characteristics of DS were different from non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS), however, whether multimodal-based neuroimaging features could identify deficit syndrome remains to be determined. METHODS Functional and structural multimodal magnetic resonance imaging of DS, NDS and healthy controls were scanned. Voxel-based features of gray matter volume, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, and regional homogeneity were extracted. The support vector machine classification models were constructed using these features separately and jointly. The most discriminative features were defined as the first 10% of features with the greatest weights. Moreover, relevance vector regression was applied to explore the predictive values of these top-weighted features in predicting negative symptoms. RESULTS The multimodal classifier achieved a higher accuracy (75.48%) compared with the single modal model in distinguishing DS from NDS. The most predictive brain regions were mainly located in the default mode and visual networks, exhibiting differences between functional and structural features. Further, the identified discriminative features significantly predicted scores of diminished expressivity factor in DS but not NDS. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that local properties of brain regions extracted from multimodal imaging data could distinguish DS from NDS with a machine learning-based approach and confirmed the relationship between distinctive features and the negative symptoms subdomain. These findings may improve the identification of potential neuroimaging signatures and improve the clinical assessment of the deficit syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Gao
- Institute of Mental HealthSuzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryNanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rongtao Jiang
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical ImagingYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of PsychiatryWutaishan Hospital of YangzhouYangzhouChina
| | - Jiu Chen
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryNanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryNanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryNanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute of the Second Xiangya HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of RadiologySubei People's Hospital of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhouChina
| | - Chengbing Huang
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryNanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of PsychiatryHuai'an No. 3 People's HospitalHuai'anChina
| | - Yong Yang
- Institute of Mental HealthSuzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Institute of Mental HealthSuzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zaixu Cui
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryNanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of PsychiatryThe Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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3
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Kaki S, DeRosa H, Timmerman B, Brummelte S, Hunter RG, Kentner AC. Developmental Manipulation-Induced Changes in Cognitive Functioning. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 63:241-289. [PMID: 36029460 PMCID: PMC9971379 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with as-yet no identified cause. The use of animals has been critical to teasing apart the potential individual and intersecting roles of genetic and environmental risk factors in the development of schizophrenia. One way to recreate in animals the cognitive impairments seen in people with schizophrenia is to disrupt the prenatal or neonatal environment of laboratory rodent offspring. This approach can result in congruent perturbations in brain physiology, learning, memory, attention, and sensorimotor domains. Experimental designs utilizing such animal models have led to a greatly improved understanding of the biological mechanisms that could underlie the etiology and symptomology of schizophrenia, although there is still more to be discovered. The implementation of the Research and Domain Criterion (RDoC) has been critical in taking a more comprehensive approach to determining neural mechanisms underlying abnormal behavior in people with schizophrenia through its transdiagnostic approach toward targeting mechanisms rather than focusing on symptoms. Here, we describe several neurodevelopmental animal models of schizophrenia using an RDoC perspective approach. The implementation of animal models, combined with an RDoC framework, will bolster schizophrenia research leading to more targeted and likely effective therapeutic interventions resulting in better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahith Kaki
- School of Arts and Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holly DeRosa
- School of Arts and Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Timmerman
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Susanne Brummelte
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Amanda C Kentner
- School of Arts and Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Nestor PG, Levitt JJ, Ohtani T, Newell DT, Shenton ME, Niznikiewicz M. Loosening of Associations in Chronic Schizophrenia: Intersectionality of Verbal Learning, Negative Symptoms, and Brain Structure. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2022; 3:sgac004. [PMID: 35295655 PMCID: PMC8918213 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In 1908, Bleuler proposed a unitary theory of schizophrenia, hypothesizing a “loosening of associations” as the central mechanism underlying disturbances in thinking, motivation, and affective expression. Here, we test Bleuler’s model in an archival sample of 79 healthy controls and 76 patients with chronic schizophrenia who had completed neuropsychological tests, including a measure of learning of novel word pairs, which was specifically selected to probe the structure and formation of new verbal associations. The patients also had positive and negative symptoms ratings, including measures of flat affect, anhedonia, and thought disorder. A subset of patients and controls (n = 39) had available prior archival 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of prefrontal cortex (PFC) gray matter volumes. In relation to controls, patients showed evidence of a selective impairment in associative learning, independent of their overall reduced neuropsychological functioning. This neuropsychological impairment, in turn, correlated significantly with overall levels of negative but not positive symptoms, with the data showing an especially strong contribution of flattened emotional expression to verbal associate learning deficits in this patient sample. Moreover, the archival MRI data were consistent with prior research pointing to an important role of the PFC in supporting verbal associate learning and memory in patients and controls. Taken together, the current results provided evidence of a selective impairment in schizophrenia on a PFC-supported verbal associate learning and memory task, which was accompanied by negative symptoms in general, and flattened emotional expression, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Nestor
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - James J Levitt
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toshiyuki Ohtani
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dominick T Newell
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Niznikiewicz
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Karantonis JA, Carruthers SP, Rossell SL, Pantelis C, Hughes M, Wannan C, Cropley V, Van Rheenen TE. A Systematic Review of Cognition-Brain Morphology Relationships on the Schizophrenia-Bipolar Disorder Spectrum. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1557-1600. [PMID: 34097043 PMCID: PMC8530395 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the relationship between cognition and brain morphology in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is uncertain. This review aimed to address this, by providing a comprehensive systematic investigation of links between several cognitive domains and brain volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area in SSD and BD patients across early and established illness stages. An initial search of PubMed and Scopus databases resulted in 1486 articles, of which 124 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail. The majority of studies focused on SSD, while those of BD were scarce. Replicated evidence for specific regions associated with indices of cognition was minimal, however for several cognitive domains, the frontal and temporal regions were broadly implicated across both recent-onset and established SSD, and to a lesser extent BD. Collectively, the findings of this review emphasize the significance of both frontal and temporal regions for some domains of cognition in SSD, while highlighting the need for future BD-related studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Karantonis
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sean P Carruthers
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
- St Vincent’s Mental Health, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cassandra Wannan
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Kobayashi S, Iwama Y, Nishimaru H, Matsumoto J, Setogawa T, Ono T, Nishijo H. Examination of the Prefrontal Cortex Hemodynamic Responses to the Fist-Edge-Palm Task in Naïve Subjects Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:617626. [PMID: 33633554 PMCID: PMC7901956 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.617626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fist-Edge-Palm (FEP) task, a manual hand task, has been used to detect frontal dysfunctions in clinical situations: its performance failures are observed in various prefrontal cortex (PFC)-related disorders, including schizophrenia. However, previous imaging studies reported that the performance of the FEP task activated motor-related areas, but not the PFC. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationships between the performance of the FEP task and PFC functions. Hemodynamic activity in the PFC, including the dorsolateral PFC (area 46) and frontal pole (area 10), was recorded. Healthy young subjects performed the FEP task as well as a palm tapping (PT) task (control task) three times. The subjects also completed a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA) questionnaire. We found that hemodynamic activity (Oxy-Hb) in the PFC increased in the first trial of the FEP task but decreased considerably in the second and third trials compared to the PT task. The number of performance errors in the FEP task also decreased in the second and third trials. Error reduction (i.e., learning) in the FEP task between the first and second trials was negatively correlated with schizotypal trait and the number of perseveration errors in the WCST. Furthermore, changes in the PFC hemodynamic activity between the first and second trials were positively correlated with error reduction in the FEP task between the first and second trials, and negatively correlated with the number of perseveration errors in the WCST. These results suggest that learning in the FEP task requires PFC activation, which is negatively associated with perseveration errors in the WCST. The results further suggest that the FEP task, in conjunction with near-infrared spectroscopy, may be useful as a diagnostic method for various disorders with PFC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kobayashi
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Japan Suicide Countermeasures Promotion Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yudai Iwama
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Setogawa
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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7
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Distress severity in perceptual anomalies moderates the relationship between prefrontal brain structure and psychosis proneness in nonclinical individuals. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1111-1122. [PMID: 33532868 PMCID: PMC8354976 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the general population, psychosis risk phenotypes occur independently of attenuated prodromal syndromes. Neurobiological correlates of vulnerability could help to understand their meaningfulness. Interactions between the occurrence of psychotic-like experiences (PLE) and other psychological factors e.g., distress related to PLE, may distinguish psychosis-prone individuals from those without risk of future psychotic disorder. We aimed to investigate whether (a) correlates of total PLE and distress, and (b) symptom dimension-specific moderation effects exist at the brain structural level in non-help-seeking adults reporting PLE below and above the screening criterion for clinical high-risk (CHR). We obtained T1-weighted whole-brain MRI scans from 104 healthy adults from the community without psychosis CHR states for voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Brain structural associations with PLE and PLE distress were analysed with multiple linear regression models. Moderation of PLE by distress severity of two types of positive symptoms from the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) screening inventory was explored in regions-of-interest after VBM. Total PQ-16 score was positively associated with grey matter volume (GMV) in prefrontal regions, occipital fusiform and lingual gyri (p < 0.05, FDR peak-level corrected). Overall distress severity and GMV were not associated. Examination of distress severity on the positive symptom dimensions as moderators showed reduced strength of the association between PLE and rSFG volume with increased distress severity for perceptual PLE. In this study, brain structural variation was related to PLE level, but not distress severity, suggesting specificity. In healthy individuals, positive relationships between PLE and prefrontal volumes may indicate protective features, which supports the insufficiency of PLE for the prediction of CHR. Additional indicators of vulnerability, such as distress associated with perceptual PLE, change the positive brain structure relationship. Brain structural findings may strengthen clinical objectives through disentanglement of innocuous and risk-related PLE.
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8
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Kwon D, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM. Regional growth trajectories of cortical myelination in adolescents and young adults: longitudinal validation and functional correlates. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:242-266. [PMID: 30406353 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of continued cognitive and emotional evolution occurring with continuing brain development involving synaptic pruning and cortical myelination. The hypothesis of this study is that heavy myelination occurs in cortical regions with relatively direct, predetermined circuitry supporting unimodal sensory or motor functions and shows a steep developmental slope during adolescence (12-21 years) until young adulthood (22-35 years) when further myelination decelerates. By contrast, light myelination occurs in regions with highly plastic circuitry supporting complex functions and follows a delayed developmental trajectory. In support of this hypothesis, cortical myelin content was estimated and harmonized across publicly available datasets provided by the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) and the Human Connectome Project (HCP). The cross-sectional analysis of 226 no-to-low alcohol drinking NCANDA adolescents revealed relatively steeper age-dependent trajectories of myelin growth in unimodal primary motor cortex and flatter age-dependent trajectories in multimodal mid/posterior cingulate cortices. This pattern of continued myelination showed smaller gains when the same analyses were performed on 686 young adults of the HCP cohort free of neuropsychiatric diagnoses. Critically, a predicted correlation between a motor task and myelin content in motor or cingulate cortices was found in the NCANDA adolescents, supporting the functional relevance of this imaging neurometric. Furthermore, the regional trajectory slopes were confirmed by performing longitudinally consistent analysis of cortical myelin. In conclusion, coordination of myelin content and circuit complexity continues to develop throughout adolescence, contributes to performance maturation, and may represent active cortical development climaxing in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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9
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Nestor PG, Forte M, Ohtani T, Levitt JJ, Newell DT, Shenton ME, Niznikiewicz M, McCarley RW. Faulty Executive Attention and Memory Interactions in Schizophrenia: Prefrontal Gray Matter Volume and Neuropsychological Impairment. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020; 51:267-274. [PMID: 31608658 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419881529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that neuropsychological disturbance in schizophrenia (SZ) may reflect faulty interactions of executive attention and episodic memory, emanating, in part, from reduced prefrontal cortex (PFC) gray matter volume. Participants with SZ (n = 84) and age-matched (n = 77) controls completed both the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition (WMS-III), used, respectively, as measures of executive attention and episodic memory. A subset of SZ (n = 27) and control (n = 17) groups also had available 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the PFC. For SZ, but not control groups, neuropsychological results indicated that executive attention interacted significantly with episodic memory, with failures of executive attention, as reflected by increased WCST perseverative errors, directly linked to poor performance on the WMS-III measure of delayed visual recall of action scenes. MRI results indicated reduced left PFC gray matter volume for SZ group, which in turn correlated significantly with their deficits in visual memory but not in executive attention. Results showed that 61% of the variance in neuropsychological performance in the SZ group was attributed to gray matter volume of left inferior prefrontal gyrus gray matter volume. PFC-mediated failure of executive attention-episodic memory interactions may represent an important mechanism in neuropsychological disturbance in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Nestor
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Mayte Forte
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toshiyuki Ohtani
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School Brockton, MA, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James J Levitt
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School Brockton, MA, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dominick T Newell
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School Brockton, MA, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Niznikiewicz
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School Brockton, MA, USA.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Caponnetto P, Polosa R, Robson D, Bauld L. Tobacco smoking, related harm and motivation to quit smoking in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Health Psychol Res 2020; 8:9042. [PMID: 32510003 PMCID: PMC7267811 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2020.9042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review focuses on the topic of tobacco smoking amongst people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We searched PubMed, PsycInfo and Scopus databases for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and smoking and included articles about the epidemiology of tobacco smoking in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, examining the relationship between smoking and mental health. This narrative review describes that a higher prevalence, frequency and impact of both high nicotine dependence and its harmful effects in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders compared with those in the general population. Despite several existent theories, the reasons for high smoking rates, the high dependence on nicotine and severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms are not fully understood. The main aim of this paper is to inform mental health personnel and particularly clinical and health psychologists about the impact and role of tobacco smoking for smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda Bauld
- Usher Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies, Nottingham, UK
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11
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Abnormalities of regional homogeneity and its correlation with clinical symptoms in Naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:503-513. [PMID: 29736883 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several resting-state neuroimaging studies have indicated abnormal regional homogeneity (ReHo) in chronic schizophrenia; however, little work has been conducted to investigate naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). Even less investigated is the association between ReHo measures and clinical symptom severity in naïve patients with FES. The current study evaluated ReHo alterations in whole brain, and assessed the correlations between ReHo measures and clinical variables in naïve patients with FES. Forty-four naïve patients with FES and 26 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Group-level analysis was utilized to analyze the ReHo differences between FES and HC in a voxel-by-voxel manner. Severity of symptoms was evaluated using a five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The correlation between the severity of symptoms and ReHo map was examined in patients using voxel-wise correlation analyses within brain areas that showed a significant ReHo alteration in patients compared with controls. Compared with the healthy control group, the FES group showed a significant decrease in ReHo values in the left medial frontal gyrus (MFG), right precentral gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus (STG), left left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), left thalamus, and significant increase in ReHo values in the left MFG, left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), left precuneus, and right lentiform nucleus (LN). In addition, the correlation analysis showed the PANSS total score negatively correlated with ReHo in the right precentral gyrus and positively correlated with ReHo in the left thalamus, the positive factor positively correlated with ReHo in the right thalamus, the disorganized/concrete factor positively correlated with ReHo in left posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG), the excited factor positively correlated with ReHo in the left precuneus, and the depressed factor negatively correlated with ReHo in the right postcentral gyrus and positively correlated with ReHo in the right thalamus. Our results indicate that widespread ReHo abnormalities occurred in an early stage of schizophrenic onset, suggesting a potential neural basis for the pathogenesis and symptomatology of schizophrenia.
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Kuo SS, Pogue-Geile MF. Variation in fourteen brain structure volumes in schizophrenia: A comprehensive meta-analysis of 246 studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:85-94. [PMID: 30615934 PMCID: PMC6401304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite hundreds of structural MRI studies documenting smaller brain volumes on average in schizophrenia compared to controls, little attention has been paid to group differences in the variability of brain volumes. Examination of variability may help interpret mean group differences in brain volumes and aid in better understanding the heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Variability in 246 MRI studies was meta-analyzed for 13 structures that have shown medium to large mean effect sizes (Cohen's d≥0.4): intracranial volume, total brain volume, lateral ventricles, third ventricle, total gray matter, frontal gray matter, prefrontal gray matter, temporal gray matter, superior temporal gyrus gray matter, planum temporale, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, insula; and a control structure, caudate nucleus. No significant differences in variability in cortical/subcortical volumes were detected in schizophrenia relative to controls. In contrast, increased variability was found in schizophrenia compared to controls for intracranial and especially lateral and third ventricle volumes. These findings highlight the need for more attention to ventricles and detailed analyses of brain volume distributions to better elucidate the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Kuo
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4209 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA.
| | - Michael F Pogue-Geile
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4209 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA; Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 4207 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA.
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13
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Siddi S, Nuñez C, Senior C, Preti A, Cuevas-Esteban J, Ochoa S, Brébion G, Stephan-Otto C. Depression, auditory-verbal hallucinations, and delusions in patients with schizophrenia: Different patterns of association with prefrontal gray and white matter volume. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 283:55-63. [PMID: 30544051 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Structural brain abnormalities, including decreased gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume, have been observed in patients with schizophrenia. These decrements were found to be associated with positive and negative symptoms, but affective symptoms (depression and anxiety) were poorly explored. We hypothesized that abnormalities in GM and WM volume might also be related to affective symptoms. GM and WM volumes were calculated from high-resolution T1 structural images acquired from 24 patients with schizophrenia and 26 healthy controls, and the associations of positive, negative, and affective symptoms with the brain volumes that showed significant reduction in patients were investigated. Patients demonstrated GM volume reductions in the bilateral prefrontal cortex, and WM volume reductions in the right frontal and left corpus callosum. Prefrontal cortex volume was significantly and inversely associated with both auditory-verbal hallucinations and depression severity. WM volume alterations, in contrast, were related to alogia, anhedonia, and delusions. The combined impact of auditory-verbal hallucinations and depression on similar sub-regions of the prefrontal cortex suggests that depression is involved in hearing voices. Further, this adverse impact of depression on prefrontal GM volume may underlie the impairment demonstrated by these patients in cognitive tasks that rely on executive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Siddi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Christian Nuñez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carl Senior
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Antonio Preti
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Italy; Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jorge Cuevas-Esteban
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Susana Ochoa
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gildas Brébion
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Stephan-Otto
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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Zhu X, Wang K, Chen L, Cao A, Chen Q, Li J, Qiu J. Together Means More Happiness: Relationship Status Moderates the Association between Brain Structure and Life Satisfaction. Neuroscience 2018; 384:406-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kangcheng Wang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li Chen
- The Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Aihua Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junchao Li
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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15
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Li RR, Lyu HL, Liu F, Lian N, Wu RR, Zhao JP, Guo WB. Altered functional connectivity strength and its correlations with cognitive function in subjects with ultra-high risk for psychosis at rest. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1140-1148. [PMID: 29691990 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Evidence of altered structural and functional connectivity in the frontal-occipital network is associated with cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. However, the altered patterns of functional connectivity strength (FCS) in individuals with ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis remain unknown. In this study, whole-brain FCS was assessed to examine the altered patterns of FCS in UHR subjects. METHODS A total of 34 UHR subjects and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled to undergo resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The imaging data were analyzed using the graph theory method. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, UHR subjects showed significantly decreased FCS in the left middle frontal gyrus and significantly increased FCS in the left calcarine cortex. The FCS values in the left middle frontal gyrus were positively correlated to the scores of the Brief Assessments of Cognitionin Schizophrenia Symbol Coding Test (r = 0.366, P = 0.033) in the UHR subjects. A negative correlation was found between the FCS values in the left calcarine cortex and the scores of the Stroop color-naming test (r = -0.475, P = 0.016) in the UHR subjects. A combination of the FCS values in the 2 brain areas showed an accuracy of 87.32%, a sensitivity of 73.53%, and a specificity of 100% for distinguishing UHR subjects from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Significantly altered FCS in the frontal-occipital network is observed in the UHR subjects. Furthermore, decreased FCS in the left middle frontal gyrus and increased FCS in the left calcarine have significant correlations with the cognitive measures of the UHR subjects and thus improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia. Moreover, a combination of the FCS values in the 2 brain areas can serve as a potential image marker to distinguish UHR subjects from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Long Lyu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Lian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ren-Rong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Ping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Bin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Abstract
The high prevalence of nicotine dependence contributes to excess mortality in schizophrenia. Cue reactivity, or the encounter of drug-related cues or contexts, triggers craving, drug-seeking, and relapse. Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research indicates that individuals with schizophrenia have blunted neural responses to rewarding stimuli in association with more severe negative symptoms. The objectives of this study are to determine if smokers with schizophrenia have altered neural reactivity to smoking cues compared with non-psychiatrically ill smokers and to evaluate the influence of negative symptoms on cue reactivity. Twenty smokers with schizophrenia and 19 control smokers underwent fMRI while viewing smoking-related and neutral cues. The primary analysis was group comparison of Smoking-Neutral contrast using whole-brain analysis (Pcorrected < .05). Smokers with schizophrenia had significantly greater baseline carbon monoxide levels and longer duration of smoking, suggesting more nicotine use. While both groups had greater brain reactivity to smoking vs neutral cues, smokers with schizophrenia had significantly decreased cue reactivity (Smoking-Neutral) compared to controls in bilateral frontal midline regions. There were significant negative correlations between negative symptoms and frontal midline reactivity. Despite greater nicotine use, smokers with schizophrenia exhibited decreased smoking cue-induced neural reactivity in frontal midline regions, suggesting that increased smoking and low cessation rates in schizophrenia are not primarily driven by responses to smoking-related cues. The finding of negative correlations between cue reactivity and negative symptoms is consistent with previous research demonstrating decreased neural responses to rewarding cues, particularly in patients with negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Moran
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, AB3S, Belmont, MA 02478, US; tel: 617-855-3395; fax: 617-855-2895; e-mail:
| | - Jennifer M Betts
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
| | - Dost Ongur
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
| | - Amy C Janes
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
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Sumner PJ, Bell IH, Rossell SL. A systematic review of the structural neuroimaging correlates of thought disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 84:299-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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van Mierlo HC, Wichers CGK, He Y, Sneeboer MAM, Radstake TRDJ, Kahn RS, Broen JCA, de Witte LD. Telomere quantification in frontal and temporal brain tissue of patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 95:231-234. [PMID: 28910708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent imaging studies have suggested that accelerated aging occurs in schizophrenia. However, the exact cause of these findings is still unclear. In this study we measured telomere length, a marker for cell senescence, in gray and white matter brain tissue from the medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) of 9 patients with schizophrenia and 11 controls. No alterations in telomere length were found in MFG gray and white matter and in STG gray matter. A significant reduction in telomere length was observed in STG white matter of patients with schizophrenia as compared to controls (fold change of -0.42, U = 5, P = 0.008). Our results support previous findings that telomere length in gray matter is not affected, whereas they suggest that increased cell senescence may affect white matter temporal brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C van Mierlo
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Catharina G K Wichers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yujie He
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein A M Sneeboer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper C A Broen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lot D de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Bopp MHA, Zöllner R, Jansen A, Dietsche B, Krug A, Kircher TTJ. White matter integrity and symptom dimensions of schizophrenia: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Schizophr Res 2017; 184:59-68. [PMID: 28012640 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Impaired fiber bundle connectivity between brain regions is a key neuropathological finding in schizophrenia. Symptom dimensions in schizophrenia can be clustered into factor models. Single syndromes have been related to grey and white matter brain structure alterations. We associated all core syndromes of schizophrenia in a single patient group with changes in white matter integrity. Diffusion weighted images (3T MRI) and SAPS/SANS scores were measured in 26 male patients and 26 healthy controls. First, group differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated with TBSS. Second, core symptom dimensions of schizophrenia were correlated with FA within these altered tracts. We found differences between groups in nine white matter tracts. Hallucinations were positively correlated with FA in the left uncinate fasciculus and left corticospinal tract. Ego-disturbances (passivity phenomena) showed a positive correlation with FA in the right anterior thalamic radiation. Positive formal thought disorders (FTD) corresponded negatively with FA in the right cingulum bundle. Negative symptoms were positively associated with the right anterior thalamic radiation and negatively with the right ventral cingulum bundle. For the first time, we analyzed the whole range of psychopathological factors in one schizophrenia patient group. We could validate our novel results for positive FTD and passivity phenomena by replicating findings for hallucinations and negative symptoms. Only those brain circuits which are most vulnerable at a given time during neurodevelopment are affected by a particular pathological impact (genetic, environmental). This scenario could explain the predominance of particular psychopathological syndromes related to specific white matter anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam H A Bopp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Strasse 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Rebecca Zöllner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Strasse 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Strasse 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany; Core Facility Brain Imaging, University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Strasse 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Dietsche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Strasse 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Strasse 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo T J Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Strasse 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
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Eisenacher S, Zink M. The Importance of Metamemory Functioning to the Pathogenesis of Psychosis. Front Psychol 2017; 8:304. [PMID: 28321200 PMCID: PMC5337512 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies up to date have implied that biases in the metacognition of memory, so called metamemory, contribute to the development and maintenance of positive symptoms in schizophrenia. However, no study exists which has longitudinally followed patients experiencing positive symptoms. The present article therefore reviews cross-sectional studies on retrospective metamemory abilities in participants within different stages of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, with heterogeneous symptom severities, creating a pseudo-longitudinal overview. Summarized, a deterioration of these abilities correlating with psychosis development can be inferred. The reviewed publications indicate that metamemory biases can already be found in patients with an at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS). Patients in their first episode of psychosis (FEP) seem to be more severely impaired than ARMS-patients but similarly affected compared to chronic patients. The contribution of these biases to the pathogenesis of psychosis is discussed, giving consideration to relations with other cognitive- and metacognitive functions, neurochemical processes and neural correlates. It is hypothesized that the biases represent early cognitive markers of the beginning and persisting psychotic state. An early treatment program could help patients to ameliorate the general course of illness or even to prevent the risk of a transition to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Eisenacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias Zink
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty MannheimMannheim, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital AnsbachAnsbach, Germany
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Cortical grey matter volume reduction in people with schizophrenia is associated with neuro-inflammation. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e982. [PMID: 27959331 PMCID: PMC5290336 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical grey matter volume deficits and neuro-inflammation exist in patients with schizophrenia, although it is not clear whether elevated cytokines contribute to the cortical volume reduction. We quantified cortical and regional brain volumes in fixed postmortem brains from people with schizophrenia and matched controls using stereology. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and SERPINA3 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were quantified in the contralateral fresh frozen orbitofrontal cortex. We found a small, but significant reduction in cortical grey matter (1.3%; F(1,85)=4.478, P=0.037) and superior frontal gyrus (6.5%; F(1,80)=5.700, P=0.019) volumes in individuals with schizophrenia compared with controls. Significantly reduced cortical grey matter (9.2%; F(1,24)=8.272, P=0.008) and superior frontal gyrus (13.9%; F(1,20)=5.374, P=0.031) volumes were found in cases with schizophrenia and 'high inflammation' status relative to schizophrenia cases with 'low inflammation' status in the prefrontal cortex. The expression of inflammatory mRNAs in the orbitofrontal cortex was significantly correlated with those in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (all r>0.417, all P<0.022), except for IL-8. Moreover, average daily and lifetime antipsychotic intake negatively correlated with cortical grey matter and superior frontal gyrus volumes (all r<-0.362, all P<0.05). The results suggest that the reduction in cortical grey matter volume in people with schizophrenia is exaggerated in those who have high expression of inflammatory cytokines. Further, antipsychotic medication intake does not appear to ameliorate the reduction in brain volume.
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Faget-Agius C, Boyer L, Richieri R, Auquier P, Lançon C, Guedj E. Functional brain substrate of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: A brain SPECT multidimensional analysis. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 249:67-75. [PMID: 27000309 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the functional brain substrate of quality of life (QoL) in patients with schizophrenia. Participants comprised 130 right-handed patients with schizophrenia who underwent whole-brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with (99m)Tc-labeled ethylcysteinate dimer ((99m)Tc-ECD) for exploring correlations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with the eight dimensions score of the Schizophrenia Quality of Life questionnaire (S-QoL 18). A significant positive correlation was found between the global index of the S-QoL 18 and rCBF in the right superior temporal sulcus and between psychological well-being dimension and rCBF in Brodmann area (BA)6, BA8, BA9, and BA10 and between self-esteem dimension and rCBF in striatum and between family relationship dimension and rCBF in BA1, BA2, BA3, BA4, BA8, BA22, BA40, BA42 and BA44 and between relationship with friends dimension and rCBF in BA44 and between physical well-being dimension and rCBF in parahippocampal gyrus, and finally between autonomy dimension and rCBF in cuneus and precuneus. A significant negative correlation was found between resilience dimension and rCBF in precuneus and between sentimental life dimension and rCBF in BA10. Our findings provide neural correlates of QoL. Brain regions involved in cognitions, emotional information processing and social cognition underlie the different QoL dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Faget-Agius
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279, 13005 Marseille, France; Department of Psychiatry, Conception University Hospital, 13005 Marseille, France; EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life, School of Medicine, Timone University, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279, 13005 Marseille, France; Department of Public Health, La Timone University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France; EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life, School of Medicine, Timone University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Raphaëlle Richieri
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279, 13005 Marseille, France; Department of Psychiatry, Conception University Hospital, 13005 Marseille, France; EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life, School of Medicine, Timone University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Auquier
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279, 13005 Marseille, France; Department of Public Health, La Timone University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France; EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life, School of Medicine, Timone University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Lançon
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279, 13005 Marseille, France; Department of Psychiatry, Conception University Hospital, 13005 Marseille, France; EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life, School of Medicine, Timone University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Eric Guedj
- Service Central de Biophysique et Médecine Nucléaire, La Timone University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France; Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13005, France
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Brain structure-function associations identified in large-scale neuroimaging data. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:4459-4474. [PMID: 26749003 PMCID: PMC5102954 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between structural and functional measures of the human brain remain largely unknown. A majority of our limited knowledge regarding structure–function associations has been obtained through comparisons between specific groups of patients and healthy controls. Unfortunately, a direct and complete view of the associations across multiple structural and functional metrics in normal population is missing. We filled this gap by learning cross-individual co-variance among structural and functional measures using large-scale neuroimaging datasets. A discover-confirm scheme was applied to two independent samples (N = 184 and N = 340) of multi-modal neuroimaging datasets. A data mining tool, gRAICAR, was employed in the discover stage to generate quantitative and unbiased hypotheses of the co-variance among six functional and six structural imaging metrics. These hypotheses were validated using an independent dataset in the confirm stage. Fifteen multi-metric co-variance units, representing different co-variance relationships among the 12 metrics, were reliable across the two sets of neuroimaging datasets. The reliable co-variance units were summarized into a database, where users can select any location on the cortical map of any metric to examine the co-varying maps with the other 11 metrics. This database characterized the six functional metrics based on their co-variance with structural metrics, and provided a detailed reference to connect previous findings using different metrics and to predict maps of unexamined metrics. Gender, age, and handedness were associated to the co-variance units, and a sub-study of schizophrenia demonstrated the usefulness of the co-variance database.
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Tseng CEJ, Chien YL, Liu CM, Wang HLS, Hwu HG, Tseng WYI. Altered cortical structures and tract integrity of the mirror neuron system in association with symptoms of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2015; 231:286-91. [PMID: 25659475 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mirror neuron system (MNS) may be implicated in schizophrenia. This study investigated MNS structures, including the pars opercularis (Pop), the supramarginal gyrus (SMg), the third branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and callosal fibers interconnecting bilateral Pop (CC-Pop) and SMg (CC-SMg), and clarified their relationships with positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Participants comprised 32 schizophrenia patients and 32 matched controls who received T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, T1WI) and diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI). The cortical measures were computed from the T1WI data. Tract integrity was assessed using a tractography-based analysis of the generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) derived from the DSI data. Pearson׳s correlations and multiple linear regression analysis were used to investigate the associations between MNS structures and positive and negative symptom scores of schizophrenia. Cortical thickness in bilateral Pop and SMg were significantly thinner and mean GFA of CC-Pop was significantly decreased in patients. Negative symptoms were significantly correlated with left SMg volume, and positive symptoms were significantly correlated with right SMg thickness. Multiple linear regression analysis showed left SMg volume to be the strongest contributor to the negative symptoms. The association between left SMg volume and negative symptoms may reflect the degree of social cognition impairment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-En Jane Tseng
- Center for Optoelectronic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lan Sharon Wang
- Center for Optoelectronic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Center for Optoelectronic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Anderson VM, Goldstein ME, Kydd RR, Russell BR. Extensive gray matter volume reduction in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyv016. [PMID: 25716781 PMCID: PMC4540109 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately one-third of people with schizophrenia are treatment-resistant and some do not achieve remission with clozapine, the gold-standard antipsychotic medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. This study compared global and regional brain volumes between treatment-respondent and treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia, including a group of patients who were clozapine-resistant. METHODS T1-weighted brain MRIs were obtained on a 3T scanner in 20 controls and 52 people with schizophrenia who were selected based on their symptomatic responses to antipsychotic medication: 18 responded well to first-line atypical antipsychotics (FLR), 19 were treatment-resistant but responsive to clozapine monotherapy (TR), and 15 were ultra-treatment-resistant and did not respond to clozapine (UTR). Treatment groups were matched for disease duration and current psychopathology. SIENAX and FSL-VBM were used to investigate differences in the global brain, gray matter (GM), white matter, ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volumes, and regional GM volumes. RESULTS GM volume was significantly reduced in the TR and UTR groups compared with controls and the FLR group (p < 0.05). GM volume was significantly reduced in TR patients compared with FLRs in the superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri, pre- and post-central gyri, middle and superior frontal gyri, right supramarginal gyrus, and right lateral occipital cortex. UTR patients showed reduced GM compared with FLRs in their right parietal operculum and left cerebellum. No significant volume differences were observed between TR and UTR groups. CONCLUSIONS These differences are unlikely to be solely due to medication effects, and reduced GM volume in treatment-resistant schizophrenia may represent an accelerated disease course or a different underlying pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruce R Russell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (Drs Anderson, Goldstein, and Russell); Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (Drs Anderson, Goldstein, Kydd, and Russell); Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (Dr Kydd).
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26
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Ota M, Ishikawa M, Sato N, Okazaki M, Maikusa N, Hori H, Hattori K, Teraishi T, Ito K, Kunugi H. Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI study of schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res 2014; 154:113-8. [PMID: 24581548 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a novel noninvasive technique that can measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). To our knowledge, few studies have examined rCBF in patients with schizophrenia by ASL-MRI. Here we used pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) to examine the structural and functional imaging data in schizophrenic patients, taking the regional cerebral gray matter volume into account. The subjects were 36 patients with schizophrenia and 42 healthy volunteers who underwent 3-tesla MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and pCASL. We evaluated the gray matter volume imaging, DTI, and pCASL imaging data in a voxel-by-voxel statistical analysis. The schizophrenia patients showed reduced rCBF in the left prefrontal and bilateral occipital cortices compared to the healthy volunteers. There was a significant reduction of gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal cortex in the schizophrenia patients. With respect to the fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the DTI, there were significant FA reductions in the left superior temporal, left external capsule, and left inferior prefrontal regions in the patients compared to the controls. CONCLUSION Our pCASL study with partial volume effect correction together with volumetry and DTI data demonstrated hypoactivity in the left prefrontal area beyond structural abnormalities in schizophrenia patients. There were also hypofunction areas in bilateral occipital cortices, although structural abnormalities were not apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Masanori Ishikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Norihide Maikusa
- Department of Imaging Neuroinformatics, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kimiteru Ito
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
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Goghari VM, Macdonald AW, Sponheim SR. Relationship between prefrontal gray matter volumes and working memory performance in schizophrenia: a family study. Schizophr Res 2014; 153:113-21. [PMID: 24529364 PMCID: PMC4144341 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse structural abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex have been reported in both schizophrenia patients and their nonpsychotic biological relatives. Additionally, working memory difficulties have long been documented in schizophrenia patients and have been associated with the genetic liability for the disorder. The present analysis investigated the relationship between prefrontal regional gray matter volumes and two facets of working memory in schizophrenia using a family study. Structural neuroimaging scans provided measurements of rostral middle, superior, and inferior prefrontal cortical gray matter volumes. Participants also completed a spatial working memory task that measured both short-term maintenance and manipulation of material in memory. Both schizophrenia patients and relatives had reduced superior and inferior frontal gray matter volumes. Schizophrenia patients demonstrated a spatial working memory deficit compared to both controls and relatives, with no greater impairment when required to manipulate material. Smaller prefrontal volumes in schizophrenia patients were associated with worse working memory performance. These relationships were absent in the nonpsychotic relatives and controls. Despite normative behavioral performance, nonpsychotic relatives demonstrated abnormalities in brain structure similar to those found in schizophrenia patients. Manipulation abilities were not more impaired than maintenance in schizophrenia patients. Consistent with other neuroimaging research, our results suggest that direct measures of the underlying biology may be more sensitive to the effects of the genetic liability for schizophrenia than behavioral measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vina M Goghari
- Clinical Neuroscience of Schizophrenia (CNS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Angus W Macdonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, N218 Elliott Hall, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 116B VAMC, One Veteran's Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, N218 Elliott Hall, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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