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Liu JL, Chen T, Cui JF, Lai WH, Zhang Q, Ye JY, Yang TX, Wang Y, Chan RCK. The Future-oriented Repetitive Thought (FoRT) scale: Validation in Chinese samples and application in the schizophrenia spectrum. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 97:104083. [PMID: 38815436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive thoughts are usually associated with psychopathology. The Future-oriented Repetitive Thought (FoRT) Scale is a measure designed to capture frequency of repetitive thought about positive and negative future events. However, the validity of the scale in Chinese population and its application in the schizophrenia spectrum have not been examined. METHODS The current study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the FoRT scale and to apply it to the schizophrenia spectrum. In Study 1, three samples (total N = 1875) of university students were recruited for exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and validity test, respectively. In Study 2, we identified subsamples with high schizotypal traits (N = 89) and low schizotypal traits (N = 89), and recruited 36 inpatients with schizophrenia and 41 matched healthy controls. RESULTS The three-factor (pessimistic repetitive future thinking, repetitive thinking about future goals, and positive indulging about the future) structure of the FoRT scale with one item deleted, fitted the Chinese samples. And the scale could distinguish patients with schizophrenia and individuals with high schizotypal traits from controls. CONCLUSION These findings support that the Chinese version of the FoRT scale is a valid tool and provide evidence for the potential applications in the schizophrenia spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Liu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ji-Fang Cui
- Institute of Educational Information and Statistics, National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hao Lai
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Yan Ye
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Chen T, Cui JF, Liu JL, Li TH, Du TJ. Comparison of trait and state mind wandering among schizotypal, subclinically depressed, and control individuals. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:422. [PMID: 38840083 PMCID: PMC11151557 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mind wandering is a common phenomenon in daily life. However, the manifestations and cognitive correlates of mind wandering in different subclinical populations remain unclear. In this study, these aspects were examined in individuals with schizotypal traits and individuals with depressive symptoms, i.e., subclinical populations of patients with schizophrenia and depression. METHODS Forty-two individuals with schizotypal traits, 42 individuals with subclinical depression, and 42 controls were recruited to complete a mind wandering thought sampling task (state level) and a mind wandering questionnaire (trait level). Measures of rumination and cognitive functions (attention, inhibition, and working memory) were also completed by participants. RESULTS Both subclinical groups exhibited more state and trait mind wandering than did the control group. Furthermore, individuals with schizotypal traits demonstrated more trait mind wandering than individuals with subclinical depression. Rumination, sustained attention, and working memory were associated with mind wandering. In addition, mind wandering in individuals with subclinical depression can be accounted for by rumination or attention, while mind wandering in individuals with high schizotypal traits cannot be accounted for by rumination, attention, or working memory. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that individuals with high schizotypal traits and subclinical depression have different patterns of mind wandering and mechanisms. These findings have implications for understanding the unique profile of mind wandering in subclinical individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Baiduizi 23A, Haidian District, Beijing, 100073, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ji-Fang Cui
- Institute of Educational Information and Statistics, National Academy of Educational Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Healthy, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Hong Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanities, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Tian-Jiao Du
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanities, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Reed LS, Evans LH. The positive dimension of schizotypy is associated with self-report measures of autobiographical memory and future thinking but not experimenter-scored indices. Memory 2024; 32:383-395. [PMID: 38466582 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2024.2325525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe ability to remember our past and to imagine the future are critical to our sense of self. Previous research has indicated that they are disrupted in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear (i) whether this is found when examining experimenter-scored indices of content and/or participants' self-report of phenomenological characteristics, and (ii) how these abilities might be related to symptoms. This study sought to address these questions by taking a dimensional approach and measuring positive and negative schizotypal experiences in healthy people (n = 90). Participants were given cue words. For some, they remembered an event from the past and for others they generated an event in the future. No significant relationships were found with any aspect of schizotypy when participants' descriptions were scored by the experimenter according to a standardised episodic content measure. In contrast, several significant positive correlations were observed for past memory and future thinking when examining the positive dimension of schizotypy and participants' ratings, particularly to sensory characteristics of the experience and mental pre- or reliving. These results indicate enhanced subjective experiences of autobiographical memory and future thinking in those who report delusional and hallucinatory-like occurrences, which might be linked to mental imagery or metacognitive alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie S Reed
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lisa H Evans
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Lam K, Barry TJ, Hallford DJ, Jimeno MV, Solano Pinto N, Ricarte JJ. Autobiographical Memory Specificity and Detailedness and Their Association with Depression in Early Adolescence. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2022.2083138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom J. Barry
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | | | - Maria V. Jimeno
- School of Law, Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | | | - Jorge J. Ricarte
- School of Education, Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
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Increased cingulo-orbital connectivity is associated with violent behaviours in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 147:183-189. [PMID: 35051717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although schizophrenia patients are at a heightened risk of exhibiting violent behaviours compared to the general population, few functional neuroimaging studies have explored the aberrant neurocircuitry underpinning such behaviours. This study aimed to identify disrupted resting-state activity and functional connectivity in schizophrenia patients with a history of violence. METHODS Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data was collected from 62 schizophrenia patients and 25 healthy controls. Voxel-wise analyses of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) were implemented to investigate disrupted regional patterns of spontaneous brain activity. Brain regions which yielded significant differences between groups were subsequently used as data-driven seeds for functional connectivity analyses. Finally, significant alterations (activity and connectivity) were correlated with lifetime violent behaviours. RESULTS When compared to healthy controls, schizophrenia patients exhibited reduced fALFF in multiple brain regions including the (subgenual) anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus cortex and left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Seed-to-voxel analyses yielded significantly enhanced connectivity between the ACC and left OFC. The heightened functional connectivity between the latter two regions predicted the number of violent behaviours reported by schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrated that the functional connectivity of brain regions associated with emotion regulation is impaired in schizophrenia and associated with violent antecedents among patients. This result is consistent with predominant theoretical models proposing that the OFC plays a critical role in the neurobiology of violence.
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Lam AHY, Cheung YTD, Wong KH, Leung SF, Chien WT. Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychotic Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Mediating Roles of Rumination and Negative Emotion. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:75-85. [PMID: 35046658 PMCID: PMC8760986 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s338133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have shown that rumination plays a significant mediating role between dispositional mindfulness (DM) and psychopathological symptoms in both clinical and non-clinical populations. However, no studies have examined this pathway in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). METHODS A cross-sectional, clinician-administered survey was conducted among people with SSDs (n = 52) in a community setting. Participants completed the Chinese versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form, Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Structural equation modelling was performed to examine the pathways of mindfulness facets, rumination, negative emotions and psychotic symptoms. RESULTS Two facets of mindfulness (nonjudging and acting with awareness) reduced rumination and negative emotional status. Rumination fully mediated the relationship between nonjudging and negative emotions and partially mediated the relationship between acting with awareness and negative emotions. Furthermore, rumination and negative emotions sequentially mediated the relationship between acting with awareness and hallucination (B = -0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.338 to -0.045, p = 0.01) and between nonjudging and hallucination (B = -0.356, 95% CI = -0.255 to -0.008, p = 0.034). The model fit the data well (χ2(2) = 1.318, p = 0.517, Tucker-Lewis index = 1.075, comparative fit index = 1, standardised root mean residual = 0.0251, root mean square error of approximation = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Rumination and negative emotions serially mediated the relationship between DM and hallucination. The findings support the contribution of changes across transdiagnostic mediators underlying the therapeutic effects of mindfulness training. Further research examining the transdiagnostic processes of DM in influencing clinical outcomes in SSDs is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Ho Yan Lam
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yee Tak Derek Cheung
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kwan Ho Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Sau Fong Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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A Survey on EEG Signal Processing Techniques and Machine Learning: Applications to the Neurofeedback of Autobiographical Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia. ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics10233037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a general overview regarding neural recording, classical signal processing techniques and machine learning classification algorithms applied to monitor brain activity is presented. Currently, several approaches classified as electrical, magnetic, neuroimaging recordings and brain stimulations are available to obtain neural activity of the human brain. Among them, non-invasive methods like electroencephalography (EEG) are commonly employed, as they can provide a high degree of temporal resolution (on the order of milliseconds) and acceptable space resolution. In addition, it is simple, quick, and does not create any physical harm or stress to patients. Concerning signal processing, once the neural signals are acquired, different procedures can be applied for feature extraction. In particular, brain signals are normally processed in time, frequency, and/or space domains. The features extracted are then used for signal classification depending on its characteristics such us the mean, variance or band power. The role of machine learning in this regard has become of key importance during the last years due to its high capacity to analyze complex amounts of data. The algorithms employed are generally classified in supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement techniques. A deep review of the most used machine learning algorithms and the advantages/drawbacks of most used methods is presented. Finally, a study of these procedures utilized in a very specific and novel research field of electroencephalography, i.e., autobiographical memory deficits in schizophrenia, is outlined.
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Cowan HR, Mittal VA, McAdams DP. Narrative identity in the psychosis spectrum: A systematic review and developmental model. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 88:102067. [PMID: 34274799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders face profound challenges as they attempt to maintain identity through the course of illness. Narrative identity-the study of internalized, evolving life stories-provides a rich theoretical and empirical perspective on these challenges. Based on evidence from a systematic review of narrative identity in the psychosis spectrum (30 studies, combined N = 3859), we argue that the narrative identities of individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders are distinguished by three features: disjointed structure, a focus on suffering, and detached narration. Psychotic disorders typically begin to emerge during adolescence and emerging adulthood, which are formative developmental stages for narrative identity, so it is particularly informative to understand identity disturbances from a developmental perspective. We propose a developmental model in which a focus on suffering emerges in childhood; disjointed structure emerges in middle and late adolescence; and detached narration emerges before or around the time of a first psychotic episode. Further research with imminent risk and early course psychosis populations would be needed to test these predictions. The disrupted life stories of individuals on the psychosis spectrum provide multiple rich avenues for further research to understand narrative self-disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Psychology, Psychiatry, Medical and Social Sciences, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Dan P McAdams
- Psychology, School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, United States
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Allé MC, Berna F, Danion JM, Berntsen D. Unraveling the role of retrieval deficits in autobiographical memory impairment in schizophrenia: A comparison of involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories. Schizophr Res 2021; 228:89-96. [PMID: 33434739 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia show severe autobiographical memory impairment, thought to reflect retrieval deficits caused by executive dysfunction. However, prior research has focused exclusively on strategic (voluntary) retrieval, and ignored involuntary retrieval resulting from automatic and associative processes, involving minimal cognitive control. We report two studies with patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (Ns = 40 and 50 respectively) comparing their impairment in involuntary versus voluntary autobiographical memory. We use two different methodologies, not previously used in schizophrenia research: a naturalistic study involving real-life data and an experimental setup. Both studies consistently showed that involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories were similarly impaired in schizophrenia. The absence of interaction effects between group and retrieval suggests that schizophrenic patients did not benefit from memory tasks involving little retrieval effort. These findings suggest that autobiographical memory impairment in schizophrenia are not caused by problems with self-initiated voluntary retrieval, but instead likely reflect encoding or binding deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa C Allé
- Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Fabrice Berna
- Inserm U1114, Strasbourg University, University Hospital of Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Danion
- Inserm U1114, Strasbourg University, University Hospital of Strasbourg, France
| | - Dorthe Berntsen
- Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Kwok SC, Xu X, Duan W, Wang X, Tang Y, Allé MC, Berna F. Autobiographical and episodic memory deficits in schizophrenia: A narrative review and proposed agenda for research. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 83:101956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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An Investigation of Mood and Executive Functioning Effects of Brief Auditory and Visual Mindfulness Meditations in Patients with Schizophrenia. Int J Cogn Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41811-020-00071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Lam AHY, Leung SF, Lin JJ, Chien WT. The Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Psychoeducation Programme for Emotional Regulation in Individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:729-747. [PMID: 32210567 PMCID: PMC7075335 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s231877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion dysregulation has emerged as a transdiagnostic factor that potentially exacerbates the risk of early-onset, maintenance, and relapse of psychosis. Mindfulness is described as the awareness that emerges from paying attention to the present moment without judgment. It gently pulls the mind out of the negative emotions induced by the disparity between expectation and reality by focusing on the present moment, instead of worrying about the future or regretting the past. However, only a few research has ever focused on the efficacy of using a mindfulness-based intervention to improve emotion regulation in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Psychoeducation Programme (MBPP) on the emotion regulation of individuals with schizophrenia, in particular, to access emotion regulation strategies. The objective of this study was to find out whether MBPP is feasible for improving emotion regulation strategies, in terms of rumination, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression, with a sustainable effect at a three-month follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-blinded pilot randomised controlled trial with repeated-measures designs was adopted. Forty-six participants diagnosed with schizophrenia and its subtypes were randomised in either the 8-week mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme or treatment-as-usual (control) group. RESULTS The results of the Generalised Estimating Equations test indicated that the MBPP group showed a significant improvement in reappraisal at a three-month follow-up (β = -6.59, Wald's χ 2=4.55, p=0.033), and a significant reduction in rumination across time. However, the Generalised Estimating Equations indicated no significant difference in rumination and expressive suppression in the MBPP group. Two participants reported having unwanted experiences, including feelings of terror and distress during the mindfulness practice. CONCLUSION The MBPP appeared to be effective for improving emotion regulation, which will contribute to future large-scale RCT to confirm the treatment effects in more diverse groups of schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sau Fong Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | | | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Zhang Y, Kuhn SK, Jobson L, Haque S. A review of autobiographical memory studies on patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:361. [PMID: 31727046 PMCID: PMC6857214 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders demonstrate various cognitive deficiencies, the most pertinent one being impairment in autobiographical memory. This paper reviews quantitative research investigating deficits in the content, and characteristics, of autobiographical memories in individuals with schizophrenia. It also examines if the method used to activate autobiographical memories influenced the results and which theoretical accounts were proposed to explain the defective recall of autobiographical memories in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched for articles published between January 1998 and December 2018. Fifty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies implemented the generative retrieval strategy by inducing memories through cue words or pictures, the life-stage method, or open-ended retrieval method. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement guidelines were followed for this review. RESULTS Most studies reported that patients with schizophrenia retrieve less specific autobiographical memories when compared to a healthy control group, while only three studies indicated that both groups performed similarly on memory specificity. Patients with schizophrenia also exhibited earlier reminiscence bumps than those for healthy controls. The relationship between comorbid depression and autobiographical memory specificity appeared to be independent because patients' memory specificity improved through intervention, but their level of depression remained unchanged. The U-shaped retrieval pattern for memory specificity was not consistent. Both the connection between the history of attempted suicide and autobiographical memory specificity, and the relationship between psychotic symptoms and autobiographical memory specificity, remain inconclusive. Patients' memory specificity and coherence improved through cognitive training. CONCLUSIONS The overgeneral recall of autobiographical memory by patients with schizophrenia could be attributed to working memory, the disturbing concept of self, and the cuing method implemented. The earlier reminiscence bump for patients with schizophrenia may be explained by the premature closure of the identity formation process due to the emergence of psychotic symptoms during early adulthood. Protocol developed for this review was registered in PROSPERO (registration no: CRD42017062643).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Sara K. Kuhn
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota USA
| | - Laura Jobson
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Shamsul Haque
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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Edwards CJ, Garety P, Hardy A. The relationship between depressive symptoms and negative symptoms in people with non-affective psychosis: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2019; 49:2486-2498. [PMID: 31530319 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The negative symptoms of psychosis and depressive symptomatology share several features, e.g. low motivation, apathy and reduced activity. Understanding the associations between these two sets of symptoms will support improved assessment and the development of interventions targeting these difficulties in people with psychosis. This is the first large systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between these two categories of symptoms, as measured in studies to date. PsycInfo, Embase and Medline were systematically searched to identify eligible studies. Inclusion criteria ensured the studies measured both depression and negative symptoms using validated measures in a sample of over 8000 participants with non-affective psychosis diagnoses. The search led to 2020 records being screened and 56 included in the meta-analysis and review. Both meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted to explore the main effect and potential moderating variables. A clear pattern emerges showing that higher ratings of negative symptoms are associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, with a small effect [standardised effect size = 0.19, p < 0.05). This did not vary greatly with the measures used (SES = 0.19-0.26) and was not moderated by demographic variables or quality ratings. Interestingly, higher depressive symptoms predict a significant relationship with co-occurring negative symptoms. However, higher negative symptoms predict that it is less likely there will be a relationship with co-occurring depressive symptoms. Heterogeneity was high across these analyses. The findings support the adoption of a symptom-specific approach to understanding the interplay between negative and depressive symptoms in psychosis, to improve assessment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementine Jane Edwards
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, UK
| | - Philippa Garety
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, UK
| | - Amy Hardy
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, UK
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15
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Barry TJ, Hallford DJ, Del Rey F, Ricarte JJ. Differential associations between impaired autobiographical memory recall and future thinking in people with and without schizophrenia. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 59:154-168. [PMID: 31584204 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom J. Barry
- Department of Psychology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Psychology The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London UK
| | | | - Francisco Del Rey
- Regional Ministry for Social Welfare of Castilla‐La Mancha Albacete Spain
| | - Jorge J. Ricarte
- Department of Psychology Faculty of Medicine University of Castilla‐La Mancha Albacete Spain
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Barry TJ, Hernández-Viadel JV, Fernández D, Ros L, Ricarte JJ, Berna F. Retrieval of negative autobiographical memories is associated with hostile attributions in ambiguous situations amongst people with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12564. [PMID: 31467374 PMCID: PMC6715746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterised by difficulty understanding the thoughts and intentions of other people. Misunderstandings could lead people to attribute hostility to others' actions. Theories suggest that we use our autobiographical memories to inform our understanding of other people but no study has examined the relation between memory and hostile attributions in schizophrenia. People with (n = 42) and without (n = 34) schizophrenia diagnoses completed The Ambiguous Intentions and Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ) to assess their tendency to attribute hostility to other people's actions and the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) to assess their ability to recall specific positive and negative autobiographical memories. In linear regressions the interaction between diagnostic group and the proportion of specific negative memories participants retrieved explained significant variance in each AIHQ index. Follow-up correlation analyses showed that participants with schizophrenia who retrieved more negative memories also attributed greater hostility to other people's actions (r = 0.47) and reported that they would respond with greater aggression (r = 0.59). These correlations were in the opposite direction for controls. People with schizophrenia may use their memories for negative past events to understand the actions and intentions of other people, leading to attributions of hostility for otherwise benign actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Barry
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Psychology, The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dolores Fernández
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Laura Ros
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge J Ricarte
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Fabrice Berna
- Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'Hopital, Strasbourg, Cedex, France
- INSERM U-1114, 1 Place de l'Hopital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg, Cedex, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirchleger, Strasbourg, France
- FMTS, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Nieto M, Latorre JM, García‐Rico MA, Hernández‐Viadel JV, Ros L, Ricarte JJ. Autobiographical memory specificity across life periods in people with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychol 2019; 75:1011-1021. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nieto
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La ManchaAlbacete Spain
| | - José Miguel Latorre
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La ManchaAlbacete Spain
| | | | | | - Laura Ros
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La ManchaAlbacete Spain
| | - Jorge Javier Ricarte
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La ManchaAlbacete Spain
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Jacobsen P, Peters E, Ward T, Garety PA, Jackson M, Chadwick P. Overgeneral autobiographical memory bias in clinical and non-clinical voice hearers. Psychol Med 2019; 49:113-120. [PMID: 29536827 PMCID: PMC6004309 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hearing voices can be a distressing and disabling experience for some, whilst it is a valued experience for others, so-called 'healthy voice-hearers'. Cognitive models of psychosis highlight the role of memory, appraisal and cognitive biases in determining emotional and behavioural responses to voices. A memory bias potentially associated with distressing voices is the overgeneral memory bias (OGM), namely the tendency to recall a summary of events rather than specific occasions. It may limit access to autobiographical information that could be helpful in re-appraising distressing experiences, including voices. METHODS We investigated the possible links between OGM and distressing voices in psychosis by comparing three groups: (1) clinical voice-hearers (N = 39), (2) non-clinical voice-hearers (N = 35) and (3) controls without voices (N = 77) on a standard version of the autobiographical memory test (AMT). Clinical and non-clinical voice-hearers also completed a newly adapted version of the task, designed to assess voices-related memories (vAMT). RESULTS As hypothesised, the clinical group displayed an OGM bias by retrieving fewer specific autobiographical memories on the AMT compared with both the non-clinical and control groups, who did not differ from each other. The clinical group also showed an OGM bias in recall of voice-related memories on the vAMT, compared with the non-clinical group. CONCLUSIONS Clinical voice-hearers display an OGM bias when compared with non-clinical voice-hearers on both general and voices-specific recall tasks. These findings have implications for the refinement and targeting of psychological interventions for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Jacobsen
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychology, London, UK
| | - Emmanuelle Peters
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychology, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas Ward
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychology, London, UK
| | - Philippa A. Garety
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychology, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mike Jackson
- Bangor University, School of Psychology, North Wales, UK
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, North Wales, UK
| | - Paul Chadwick
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychology, London, UK
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Barry TJ, Del Rey F, Ricarte JJ. Valence‐related impairments in the retrieval of specific autobiographical memories amongst patients with schizophrenia. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 58:140-153. [DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom J. Barry
- Department of Psychology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Psychology The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London UK
| | - Francisco Del Rey
- Regional Ministry for Social Welfare of Castilla‐La Mancha Albacete Spain
| | - Jorge J. Ricarte
- Department of Psychology Faculty of Medicine University of Castilla‐La Mancha Albacete Spain
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20
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Ricarte JJ, Ros L, Fernández D, Nieto M, Latorre JM. Effects of analytical (abstract) versus experiential (concrete) induced rumination of negative self defining memories on schizotypic symptoms. Scand J Psychol 2018; 59:553-559. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Ros
- Department of Psychology; University of Castilla La Mancha; Spain
| | | | - Marta Nieto
- Department of Psychology; University of Castilla La Mancha; Spain
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Chiu CP, Griffith JW, Lenaert B, Raes F, Hermans D, Barry TJ. Meta-analysis of the association between rumination and reduced autobiographical memory specificity. Memory 2018; 26:1323-1334. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1474928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connie P.Y. Chiu
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - James W. Griffith
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bert Lenaert
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Filip Raes
- Centre for Learning Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Hermans
- Centre for Learning Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom J. Barry
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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22
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Ricarte JJ, Del Rey F, Ros L, Latorre JM, Berna F. Abstract and experiential thinking differentially account for anomalous perception of reality in people with or without schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 193:43-50. [PMID: 28395940 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
repetitive thinking is often increased in various psychopathological conditions. However, evidence for its possible contribution to psychotic symptoms relies only on correlational analysis and has not been experimentally tested within the psychotic continuum. This research aims to examine whether repetitive thinking about a negative past experience using concrete versus abstract processing might modify the reporting of anomalous sensory experiences. 89 patients with schizophrenia and 89 matched controls were asked to reflect on their most negative Self-Defining Memory during a thirty-minute period. By means of a written script, half of the participants were instructed to remember thoughts, feelings and sensations associated with the event in an abstract mode, while the other half followed an equivalent script but with concrete questions. After induced concrete-experiential thinking, both controls and patients significantly reduced self-reported anomalous reality perception. However, participants in the induced abstract-analytical thinking condition increased anomalous experience, especially sensory experience from an unexplained source. Multigroup path analyses showed that involvement in abstract-analytical thinking during the task significantly mediated the relationship between pre-test and post-test anomalous perception scores, but only in the patient group. These results suggest that abstract thinking contributes to distorted sensory experiences. In contrast, training in a concrete processing mode of past experiences may be a useful tool to reduce subjective anomalous perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Ricarte
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Spain
| | - F Del Rey
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Spain
| | - L Ros
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Spain.
| | - J M Latorre
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Spain
| | - F Berna
- Unité INSERM 1114, Physiopathologie et Psychopathologie Cognitive de la Schizophrénie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirchleger, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, France
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Alexiadou A, Bozikas VP, Kosmidis MH, Parlapani E, Kiosseoglou G, Fokas K. The effect of impaired verbal memory retrieval on autobiographical memory across different life periods in schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 80:81-88. [PMID: 29069623 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autobiographical memory (AM) involves recollection of personal events and facts about one's life. Αim of the present study was to investigate AM in schizophrenia patients, and, in particular, patients' ability to recall autobiographical memories after controlling for verbal memory and verbal fluency deficits. METHOD Participants included 40 schizophrenia patients (23 male) and 40 healthy controls (23 male), matched for age, gender, educational level, and premorbid intellectual functioning. Participants' verbal memory (list learning and story recall) and verbal fluency were assessed. AM was evaluated by the Questionnaire of Autobiographical Memory, consisting of the Personal Semantic Memory scale and the Autobiographical Incidents scale. Furthermore, personal incidents' specificity was examined. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients showed deficits in verbal memory and verbal fluency, as well as in both semantic and episodic AM compared with healthy controls. Deficits were shown in episodic and semantic memories of events and facts dating to three different life periods (childhood, early adulthood and recent life). Regarding specificity of recalled events, patients reported fewer specific autobiographical incidents than controls. After controlling AM deficits for patients' verbal memory and verbal fluency impairment, it was shown that schizophrenia patients recalled fewer memories of autobiographical incidents dating only to recent life, compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenia patients showed impaired AM after controlling for verbal memory and verbal fluency impairment only in regard with personal episodic memories from recent life. Current findings raise the important issue of cognitive remediation therapy in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Alexiadou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilis P Bozikas
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Mary H Kosmidis
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Parlapani
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigoris Kiosseoglou
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Fokas
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Maurage P, Philippot P, Grynberg D, Leleux D, Delatte B, Mangelinckx C, Belge JB, Constant E. Imbalance between abstract and concrete repetitive thinking modes in schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 78:61-66. [PMID: 28806606 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Repetitive thoughts can be divided in two modes: abstract/analytic (decontextualized and dysfunctional) and concrete/experiential (problem-focused and adaptive). They constitute a transdiagnostic process involved in many psychopathological states but have received little attention in schizophrenia, as earlier studies only indexed increased ruminations (related to dysfunctional repetitive thoughts) without jointly exploring both modes. This study explored the two repetitive thinking modes, beyond ruminations, to determine their imbalance in schizophrenia. METHODS Thirty stabilized patients with schizophrenia and 30 matched controls completed the Repetitive Response Scale and the Mini Cambridge-Exeter Repetitive Thought Scale, both measuring repetitive thinking modes. Complementary measures related to schizophrenic symptomatology, depression and anxiety were also conducted. RESULTS Compared to controls, patients with schizophrenia presented an imbalance between repetitive thinking modes, with increased abstract/analytic and reduced concrete/experiential thoughts, even after controlling for comorbidities. Schizophrenia is associated with stronger dysfunctional repetitive thoughts (i.e. abstract thinking) and impaired ability to efficiently use repetitive thinking for current problem-solving (i.e. concrete thinking). CONCLUSION This imbalance confirms the double-faced nature of repetitive thinking modes, whose influence on schizophrenia's symptomatology should be further investigated. The present results also claim for evaluating these processes in clinical settings and for rehabilitating the balance between opposite repetitive thinking modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place C. Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Philippot
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place C. Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Delphine Grynberg
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dominique Leleux
- Psychiatric Hospital Sanatia, Rue du Moulin 27, B-1210 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Delatte
- Beau Vallon Psychiatric Hospital, Rue de Bricgniot 205, B-5002 Namur, Belgium
| | - Camille Mangelinckx
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place C. Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jan-Baptist Belge
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint-Luc University Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Constant
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint-Luc University Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Les troubles de la mémoire autobiographique et du self dans la schizophrénie. Encephale 2017; 43:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ricarte JJ, Ros L, Latorre JM, Watkins E. Mapping autobiographical memory in schizophrenia: Clinical implications. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 51:96-108. [PMID: 27846438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that impaired autobiographical memory (AM) mechanisms may be associated with the onset and maintenance of psychopathology. However, there is not yet a comprehensive review of the components of autobiographical memory in schizophrenic patients. The first aim of this review is a synthesis of evidence about the functioning of AM in schizophrenic patients. The main autobiographical elements reviewed in schizophrenic patients include the study of overgeneral memory (form); self-defining memories (contents); consciousness during the process of retrieval (awareness), and the abnormal early reminiscence bump (distribution). AM impairments have been involved in the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of other psychopathologies, especially depression. The second aim is to examine potential parallels between the mechanisms responsible for the onset and maintenance of disturbed AM in other clinical diagnosis and the mechanisms of disturbed autobiographical memory functioning in schizophrenic patients. Cognitive therapies for schizophrenic patients are increasingly demanded. The third aim is the suggestion of key elements for the adaptation of components of autobiographical recall in cognitive therapies for the treatment of symptoms and consequences of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Ricarte
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete 02006, Spain
| | - L Ros
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete 02006, Spain.
| | - J M Latorre
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete 02006, Spain
| | - E Watkins
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter and Sir Henry Welcome Building for Mood Disorders Research, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
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Ricarte JJ, Ros L, Latorre JM, Muñoz MD, Aguilar MJ, Hernandez JV. Role of anxiety and brooding in specificity of autobiographical recall. Scand J Psychol 2016; 57:495-500. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Javier Ricarte
- Department of Psychology; University of Castilla La Mancha; Spain
- Criminology and Applied Psychology Centre; Albacete Spain
| | - Laura Ros
- Department of Psychology; University of Castilla La Mancha; Spain
- Criminology and Applied Psychology Centre; Albacete Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Latorre
- Department of Psychology; University of Castilla La Mancha; Spain
- Criminology and Applied Psychology Centre; Albacete Spain
| | | | | | - Jose Vicente Hernandez
- Department of Psychology; University of Castilla La Mancha; Spain
- Mental Health Service of Castilla La Mancha; Cuenca Spain
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Allé MC, d'Argembeau A, Schneider P, Potheegadoo J, Coutelle R, Danion JM, Berna F. Self-continuity across time in schizophrenia: An exploration of phenomenological and narrative continuity in the past and future. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 69:53-61. [PMID: 27423345 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorders of the self, such as a reduced sense of personal continuity in time, are a core symptom of schizophrenia, but one that is still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated two complementary aspects of self-continuity, namely phenomenological and narrative continuity, in 27 patients with schizophrenia, and compared them with 27 control participants. METHODS Participants were asked to identify important past events and to narrate a story from their life that included these events. They were also asked to imagine important events that might happen in their personal future and to build a narrative of their future life. The vividness of these important life events and the proportion of self-event connections in the narratives were used as a measure of phenomenological and narrative continuity, respectively. RESULTS Our study showed patients with schizophrenia experienced less vivid representations of personally significant events (p = .02) for both temporal directions (past and future) (p < .001). In addition, their ability to make explicit connections between personal events and self-attributes in life narratives was also impaired (p = .03), but only in the case of past narratives (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS These results shed new light on the cognitive mechanisms underlying self-disorders in schizophrenia. The clinical and therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Allé
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A d'Argembeau
- Department of Psychology - Cognition and Behavior, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Schneider
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - J Potheegadoo
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - R Coutelle
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - J-M Danion
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - F Berna
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
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Berna F, Göritz AS, Schröder J, Martin B, Cermolacce M, Allé MC, Danion JM, Cuervo-Lombard CV, Moritz S. Self-disorders in individuals with attenuated psychotic symptoms: Contribution of a dysfunction of autobiographical memory. Psychiatry Res 2016; 239:333-41. [PMID: 27058160 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia and people with subclinical psychotic symptoms have difficulties getting a clear and stable representation of their self. The cognitive mechanisms involved in this reduced clarity of self-concept remain poorly understood. The present study examined whether an altered way of thinking or reasoning about one's past may account for the reduced clarity of self-concept in individuals with attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS). An online study comprising 667 participants examined the capacity to give a meaning to past events and to scrutinize autobiographical memory to better understand him/herself. Our results showed that in this sample, individuals with APS (n=49) have a lower clarity of self-concept and a higher tendency to scrutinize autobiographical memory than controls subjects (n=147). A mediation analysis performed on the full sample revealed that the relation between APS and clarity of self-concept was mediated by a tendency to scrutinize autobiographical memory. Our results suggest that the weakness of self-concept, which increases with the intensity of psychotic symptoms, may be related to an altered function of autobiographical memory, so that examining past events may fail to sustain a stable and clear representation of the self when psychotic symptoms increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Berna
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anja S Göritz
- Occupational and Consumer Psychology, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Schröder
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brice Martin
- UMR 5229 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Lyon, France; Centre Référent Lyonnais en Réhabilitation et en Remédiation Cognitive, Service Universitaire de Réhabilitation, Hôpital du Vinatier, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Cermolacce
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR CNRS 7291 and Aix-Marseille Université, Fédération 3C, Marseille, France; Unité de Neurophysiologie, Psychophysiologie et Neurophénoménologie, UF 4817 Marseille, France; Département Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Marguerite, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean-Marie Danion
- INSERM U-1114, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Christine V Cuervo-Lombard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Département de Psychiatrie, Reims, France; UFR de Psychologie, Université de Toulouse 2 Le Mirail, Toulouse, France
| | - Steffen Moritz
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Talarowska M, Berk M, Maes M, Gałecki P. Autobiographical memory dysfunctions in depressive disorders. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:100-8. [PMID: 26522618 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) is a ubiquitous human experience that belongs to long-term declarative memory. It plays interpersonal and intrapsychic functions. The main aim of this study is to present results of contemporary research on AM in recurrent depressive disorders. The available research literature suggests that AM dysfunctions are a precursor and risk factor for recurrent depressive disorders and that they also appear to be a consequence of depressive symptoms in a bidirectional and interacting manner. These data suggest that AM might be a viable therapeutic target for cognitive remediation strategies, given the impact of cognition on diverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Talarowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Berna F, Potheegadoo J, Aouadi I, Ricarte JJ, Allé MC, Coutelle R, Boyer L, Cuervo-Lombard CV, Danion JM. A Meta-Analysis of Autobiographical Memory Studies in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2016. [PMID: 26209548 PMCID: PMC4681554 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analyses and reviews on cognitive disorders in schizophrenia have shown that the most robust and common cognitive deficits are found in episodic memory and executive functions. More complex memory domains, such as autobiographical memory (AM), are also impaired in schizophrenia, but such impairments are reported less often despite their negative impact on patients' outcome. In contrast to episodic memory, assessed in laboratory tasks, memories of past personal events are much more complex and directly relate to the self. The meta-analysis included 20 studies, 571 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, and 503 comparison subjects. It found moderate-to-large effect sizes with regard to the 3 parameters commonly used to assess AM: memory specificity (g = -0.97), richness of detail (g = -1.40), and conscious recollection (g = -0.62). These effect sizes were in the same range as those found in other memory domains in schizophrenia; for this reason, we propose that defective memories of personal past events should be regarded as a major cognitive impairment in this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jevita Potheegadoo
- INSERM U-1114, Strasbourg, France;,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale, Strasbourg, France;,FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ismail Aouadi
- UFR Mathématique et Informatique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jorge Javier Ricarte
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain;,School of Medicine, Research Institute of Neurological Disabilities, Albacete, Spain
| | - Mélissa C. Allé
- INSERM U-1114, Strasbourg, France;,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;,FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Romain Coutelle
- INSERM U-1114, Strasbourg, France;,Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Centre de Ressources Autisme de Lorraine, Laxou, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- CHU Sainte-Marguerite, Pôle Psychiatrie Universitaire, Marseille, France;,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Christine Vanessa Cuervo-Lombard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Département de Psychiatrie, Reims, France;,UFR de Psychologie, Université de Toulouse 2 Le Mirail, Toulouse, France
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Allé MC, Potheegadoo J, Köber C, Schneider P, Coutelle R, Habermas T, Danion JM, Berna F. Impaired coherence of life narratives of patients with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12934. [PMID: 26255756 PMCID: PMC4530446 DOI: 10.1038/srep12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-narratives of patients have received increasing interest in schizophrenia since they offer unique material to study patients' subjective experience related to their illness, in particular the alteration of self that accompanies schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated the life narratives and the ability to integrate and bind memories of personal events into a coherent narrative in 27 patients with schizophrenia and 26 controls. Four aspects of life narratives were analyzed: coherence with cultural concept of biography, temporal coherence, causal-motivational coherence and thematic coherence. Results showed that in patients cultural biographical knowledge is preserved, whereas temporal coherence is partially impaired. Furthermore, causal-motivational and thematic coherence are significantly impaired: patients have difficulties explaining how events have modeled their identity, and integrating different events along thematic lines. Impairment of global causal-motivational and thematic coherence was significantly correlated with patients' executive dysfunction, suggesting that cognitive impairment observed in patients could affect their ability to construct a coherent narrative of their life by binding important events to their self. This study provides new understanding of the cognitive deficits underlying self-disorders in patients with schizophrenia. Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of developing new therapeutic interventions to improve autobiographical reasoning skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa C. Allé
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l’Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirchleger, Strasbourg, France
- FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Jevita Potheegadoo
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l’Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirchleger, Strasbourg, France
- FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l’Hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christin Köber
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Priscille Schneider
- FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l’Hôpital, Strasbourg, France
- Centre Hospitalier de Rouffach, Centre de Ressources Autisme Alsace, Rouffach, France
| | - Romain Coutelle
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l’Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg, France
- FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Centre de Ressources Autisme de Lorraine, 1 rue du Dr Archambault, Laxou, France
| | - Tilmann Habermas
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Danion
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l’Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirchleger, Strasbourg, France
- FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l’Hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Berna
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l’Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirchleger, Strasbourg, France
- FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l’Hôpital, Strasbourg, France
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