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Fiorito AM, Blasi G, Brunelin J, Chowdury A, Diwadkar VA, Goghari VM, Gur RC, Kwon JS, Quarto T, Rolland B, Spilka MJ, Wolf DH, Yun JY, Fakra E, Sescousse G. Blunted brain responses to neutral faces in healthy first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia: an image-based fMRI meta-analysis. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:38. [PMID: 38503766 PMCID: PMC10951276 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by the misattribution of emotional significance to neutral faces, accompanied by overactivations of the limbic system. To understand the disorder's genetic and environmental contributors, investigating healthy first-degree relatives is crucial. However, inconsistent findings exist regarding their ability to recognize neutral faces, with limited research exploring the cerebral correlates of neutral face processing in this population. Thus, we here investigated brain responses to neutral face processing in healthy first-degree relatives through an image-based meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. We included unthresholded group-level T-maps from 5 studies comprising a total of 120 first-degree relatives and 150 healthy controls. In sensitivity analyses, we ran a combined image- and coordinate-based meta-analysis including 7 studies (157 first-degree relatives, 207 healthy controls) aiming at testing the robustness of the results in a larger sample of studies. Our findings revealed a pattern of decreased brain responses to neutral faces in relatives compared with healthy controls, particularly in limbic areas such as the bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, and insula. The same pattern was observed in sensitivity analyses. These results contrast with the overactivations observed in patients, potentially suggesting that this trait could serve as a protective factor in healthy relatives. However, further research is necessary to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Fiorito
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PSYR2, 69500, Bron, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France.
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Jérôme Brunelin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PSYR2, 69500, Bron, France
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vina M Goghari
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tiziana Quarto
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Benjamin Rolland
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PSYR2, 69500, Bron, France
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | | | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eric Fakra
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PSYR2, 69500, Bron, France
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, PSYR2, 69500, Bron, France
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
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Fiorito AM, Aleman A, Blasi G, Bourque J, Cao H, Chan RCK, Chowdury A, Conrod P, Diwadkar VA, Goghari VM, Guinjoan S, Gur RE, Gur RC, Kwon JS, Lieslehto J, Lukow PB, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Modinos G, Quarto T, Spilka MJ, Shivakumar V, Venkatasubramanian G, Villarreal M, Wang Y, Wolf DH, Yun JY, Fakra E, Sescousse G. Are Brain Responses to Emotion a Reliable Endophenotype of Schizophrenia? An Image-Based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:167-177. [PMID: 36085080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired emotion processing constitutes a key dimension of schizophrenia and a possible endophenotype of this illness. Empirical studies consistently report poorer emotion recognition performance in patients with schizophrenia as well as in individuals at enhanced risk of schizophrenia. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies also report consistent patterns of abnormal brain activation in response to emotional stimuli in patients, in particular, decreased amygdala activation. In contrast, brain-level abnormalities in at-risk individuals are more elusive. We address this gap using an image-based meta-analysis of the functional magnetic resonance imaging literature. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating brain responses to negative emotional stimuli and reporting a comparison between at-risk individuals and healthy control subjects were identified. Frequentist and Bayesian voxelwise meta-analyses were performed separately, by implementing a random-effect model with unthresholded group-level T-maps from individual studies as input. RESULTS In total, 17 studies with a cumulative total of 677 at-risk individuals and 805 healthy control subjects were included. Frequentist analyses did not reveal significant differences between at-risk individuals and healthy control subjects. Similar results were observed with Bayesian analyses, which provided strong evidence for the absence of meaningful brain activation differences across the entire brain. Region of interest analyses specifically focusing on the amygdala confirmed the lack of group differences in this region. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that brain activation patterns in response to emotional stimuli are unlikely to constitute a reliable endophenotype of schizophrenia. We suggest that future studies instead focus on impaired functional connectivity as an alternative and promising endophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Fiorito
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, PSYR2 Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - André Aleman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Josiane Bourque
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Patricia Conrod
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Vina M Goghari
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johannes Lieslehto
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paulina B Lukow
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael J Spilka
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Venkataram Shivakumar
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Mirta Villarreal
- Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Fakra
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, PSYR2 Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, PSYR2 Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
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de la Torre-Luque A, Viera-Campos A, Bilderbeck AC, Carreras MT, Vivancos J, Diaz-Caneja CM, Aghajani M, Saris IMJ, Raslescu A, Malik A, Clark J, Penninx BWJH, van der Wee N, Rossum IWV, Sommer B, Marston H, Dawson GR, Kas MJ, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Arango C. Relationships between social withdrawal and facial emotion recognition in neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 113:110463. [PMID: 34718073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion recognition constitutes a pivotal process of social cognition. It involves decoding social cues (e.g., facial expressions) to maximise social adjustment. Current theoretical models posit the relationship between social withdrawal factors (social disengagement, lack of social interactions and loneliness) and emotion decoding. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of social withdrawal in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) or probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), neuropsychiatric conditions associated with social dysfunction. METHODS A sample of 156 participants was recruited: schizophrenia patients (SZ; n = 53), Alzheimer's disease patients (AD; n = 46), and two age-matched control groups (SZc, n = 29; ADc, n = 28). All participants provided self-report measures of loneliness and social functioning, and completed a facial emotion detection task. RESULTS Neuropsychiatric patients (both groups) showed poorer performance in detecting both positive and negative emotions compared with their healthy counterparts (p < .01). Social withdrawal was associated with higher accuracy in negative emotion detection, across all groups. Additionally, neuropsychiatric patients with higher social withdrawal showed lower positive emotion misclassification. CONCLUSIONS Our findings help to detail the similarities and differences in social function and facial emotion recognition in two disorders rarely studied in parallel, AD and SZ. Transdiagnostic patterns in these results suggest that social withdrawal is associated with heightened sensitivity to negative emotion expressions, potentially reflecting hypervigilance to social threat. Across the neuropsychiatric groups specifically, this hypervigilance associated with social withdrawal extended to positive emotion expressions, an emotional-cognitive bias that may impact social functioning in people with severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | - Covadonga M Diaz-Caneja
- Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, The Netherlands; Gregorio Marañon University Hospital, Spain
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja M J Saris
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, The Netherlands; La Princesa University Hospital, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, The Netherlands; Gregorio Marañon University Hospital, Spain
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Facial expression recognition: A meta-analytic review of theoretical models and neuroimaging evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:820-836. [PMID: 34052280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Discrimination of facial expressions is an elementary function of the human brain. While the way emotions are represented in the brain has long been debated, common and specific neural representations in recognition of facial expressions are also complicated. To examine brain organizations and asymmetry on discrete and dimensional facial emotions, we conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modelling on 141 studies with a total of 3138 participants. We found consistent engagement of the amygdala and a common set of brain networks across discrete and dimensional emotions. The left-hemisphere dominance of the amygdala and AI across categories of facial expression, but category-specific lateralization of the vmPFC, suggesting a flexibly asymmetrical neural representations of facial expression recognition. These results converge to characteristic activation and connectivity patterns across discrete and dimensional emotion categories in recognition of facial expressions. Our findings provide the first quantitatively meta-analytic brain network-based evidence supportive of the psychological constructionist hypothesis in facial expression recognition.
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fNIRS study of prefrontal activation during emotion recognition-A Potential endophenotype for bipolar I disorder? J Affect Disord 2021; 282:869-875. [PMID: 33601730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial emotion recognition (FER) deficit is documented in many psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD). However, its role as a risk-marker in BD is not well researched. In the present study, we investigated the role of FER and the corresponding prefrontal neurohemodynamic changes (PNHC) with functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) in patients with BD and subjects at high risk for BD compared to healthy subject. METHODS Using a cross-sectional case-control design we compared 14 patients with first episode mania (FEM) in remission (BD group), 14 healthy siblings of BD patients (HR group), and 13 matched healthy subjects (HC group). FER was assessed using a computer-based task called Tool for Recognition of Emotions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TRENDS). Simultaneously, the corresponding PNHC was recorded with fNIRS. Kruskal Wallis H test was used to analyze between-group differences and Spearman's rho for correlation analysis. RESULTS The three groups were comparable on socio-demographics (all p>0.09) except education (p = 0.03). HR group had the most hyper-activation in the bilateral DLPFC during the TRENDS task (all p<0.05). There was no significant between-group differences in the FER performance and no significant correlation between the FER performance and the PNHC in the HR and BD groups (all p>0.35). LIMITATIONS The potential confounding effect of medications in the BD group. CONCLUSIONS The hyper-activation of the DLPCF in HR group during FER could indicate an increased risk for BD. However, the lack of similar findings in the BD group might reflect a possible normalizing effect of medications. It is equally likely that differences in the PNHC are detectable earlier than the differences in FER task performance during the course of the illness. This requires further exploration.
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Garcia-Leon MA, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Valiente-Gómez A, Natividad C, Salgado-Pineda P, Gomar JJ, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Portillo F, Ortiz-Gil J, Alonso-Lana S, Maristany T, Raduà J, Salvador R, Sarró S, Pomarol-Clotet E. Altered brain responses to specific negative emotions in schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2021; 32:102894. [PMID: 34911198 PMCID: PMC8640102 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Scenic stimuli might offer a better understanding of emotional processing than faces. Emotional scenes were presented to schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Schizophrenia patients tend to misclassify emotional images as fear. Schizophrenia patients hyperactivated regions involved in fear and disgust processing. Patients’ brain response did not differ from controls in response to happy and sad scenes.
Deficits in emotion processing are a core feature of schizophrenia, but their neurobiological bases are poorly understood. Previous research, mainly focused on emotional face processing and emotion recognition deficits, has shown controverted results. Furthermore, the use of faces has been questioned for not entailing an appropriate stimulus to study emotional processing. This highlights the importance of investigating emotional processing abnormalities using evocative stimuli. For the first time, we have studied the brain responses to scenic stimuli in patients with schizophrenia. We selected scenes from the IAPS that elicit fear, disgust, happiness, and sadness. Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia and thirty age-, sex- and premorbid IQ-matched healthy controls were included. Behavioral task results show that patients tended to misclassify disgust and sadness as fear. Brain responses in patients were different from controls in images eliciting disgust and fear. In response to disgust images, patients hyperactivated the right temporal cortex, which was not activated by the controls. With fear images, hyperactivation was observed in brain regions involved in fear processing, including midline regions from the medial frontal cortex to the anterior cingulate cortex, the superior frontal gyrus, inferior and superior temporal cortex, and visual areas. These results suggest that schizophrenia is characterized by hyper-responsivity to stimuli evoking high-arousal, negative emotions, and a bias towards fear in emotion recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angeles Garcia-Leon
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Paola Fuentes-Claramonte
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | | | | | - Pilar Salgado-Pineda
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Jesús J Gomar
- Litwin-Zucker Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinstein Institute, Manhassett, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joaquim Raduà
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders(IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King College London, London, UK; Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
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Dugré JR, Dumais A, Potvin S. Limbic Hyperactivity in Response to Emotionally Neutral Stimuli in Schizophrenia: Response to Rasetti et al. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:640-641. [PMID: 32605444 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19090973r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jules R Dugré
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
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Kozhuharova P, Saviola F, Ettinger U, Allen P. Neural correlates of social cognition in populations at risk of psychosis: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:94-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Dugré JR, Bitar N, Dumais A, Potvin S. Limbic Hyperactivity in Response to Emotionally Neutral Stimuli in Schizophrenia: A Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis of the Hypervigilant Mind. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:1021-1029. [PMID: 31509006 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has long been assumed that paranoid ideation may stem from an aberrant limbic response to threatening stimuli. However, results from functional neuroimaging studies using negative emotional stimuli have failed to confirm this assumption. One of the potential reasons for the lack of effect is that study participants with psychosis may display aberrant brain responses to neutral material rather than to threatening stimuli. The authors conducted a functional neuroimaging meta-analysis to test this hypothesis. METHODS A literature search was performed with PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase to identify functional neuroimaging studies examining brain responses to neutral material in patients with psychosis. A total of 23 studies involving schizophrenia patients were retrieved. Using t-maps of peak coordinates to calculate effect sizes, a random-effects model meta-analysis was performed with the anisotropic effect-size version of Seed-based d Mapping software. RESULTS In schizophrenia patients relative to healthy control subjects, increased activations were observed in the left and right amygdala and parahippocampus and the left putamen, hippocampus, and insula in response to neutral stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Given that several limbic regions were found to be more activated in schizophrenia patients than in control subjects, the results of this meta-analysis strongly suggest that these patients confer aberrant emotional significance to nonthreatening stimuli. In theory, this abnormal brain reactivity may fuel delusional thoughts. Studies are needed in individuals at risk of psychosis to determine whether aberrant limbic reactivity to neutral stimuli is an early neurofunctional marker of psychosis vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules R Dugré
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); and Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
| | - Nathalie Bitar
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); and Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); and Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); and Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
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Kronbichler L, Stelzig-Schöler R, Pearce BG, Tschernegg M, Said-Yürekli S, Crone JS, Uscatescu LC, Reich LA, Weber S, Aichhorn W, Perner J, Kronbichler M. Reduced spontaneous perspective taking in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 292:5-12. [PMID: 31472416 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Judgments about another person's visual perspective are impaired when the self-perspective is inconsistent with the other-perspective. This is a robust finding in healthy samples as well as in schizophrenia (SZ). Studies show evidence for the existence of a reverse effect, where an inconsistent other-perspective impairs the self-perspective. Such spontaneous perspective taking processes are not yet explored in SZ. In the current fMRI experiment, 24 healthy and 24 schizophrenic participants performed a visual perspective taking task in the scanner. Either a social or a non-social stimulus was presented and their visual perspectives were consistent or inconsistent with the self-perspective of the participant. We replicated previous findings showing that healthy participants show increased reaction times when the human avatar's perspective is inconsistent to the self-perspective. Patients with SZ, however, did not show this effect, neither in the social nor in the non-social condition. BOLD responses revealed similar patterns in occipital areas and group differences were identified in the middle occipital gyrus. These findings suggest that patients with SZ are less likely to spontaneously compute the visual perspectives of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kronbichler
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Renate Stelzig-Schöler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Brandy-Gale Pearce
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie Tschernegg
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Said-Yürekli
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Sophia Crone
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lavinia-Carmen Uscatescu
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Luise Antonia Reich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Aichhorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josef Perner
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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12
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Dong D, Wang Y, Jia X, Li Y, Chang X, Vandekerckhove M, Luo C, Yao D. Abnormal brain activation during threatening face processing in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:200-208. [PMID: 29153447 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of face perception in schizophrenia is a core aspect of social cognitive dysfunction. This impairment is particularly marked in threatening face processing. Identifying reliable neural correlates of the impairment of threatening face processing is crucial for targeting more effective treatments. However, neuroimaging studies have not yet obtained robust conclusions. Through comprehensive literature search, twenty-one whole brain datasets were included in this meta-analysis. Using seed-based d-Mapping, in this voxel-based meta-analysis, we aimed to: 1) establish the most consistent brain dysfunctions related to threating face processing in schizophrenia; 2) address task-type heterogeneity in this impairment; 3) explore the effect of potential demographic or clinical moderator variables on this impairment. Main meta-analysis indicated that patients with chronic schizophrenia demonstrated attenuated activations in limbic emotional system along with compensatory over-activation in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) during threatening faces processing. Sub-task analyses revealed under-activations in right amygdala and left fusiform gyrus in both implicit and explicit tasks. The remaining clusters were found to be differently involved in different types of tasks. Moreover, meta-regression analyses showed brain abnormalities in schizophrenia were partly modulated by age, gender, medication and severity of symptoms. Our results highlighted breakdowns in limbic-MPFC circuit in schizophrenia, suggesting general inability to coordinate and contextualize salient threat stimuli. These findings provide potential targets for neurotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debo Dong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Avenue, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Yulin Wang
- Faculty of Psychological and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Research Group of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1040, Belgium; Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychological and Pedagogical Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 1, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Avenue, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Yingjia Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Avenue, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Xuebin Chang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Avenue, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Marie Vandekerckhove
- Faculty of Psychological and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Research Group of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1040, Belgium.
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Avenue, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Avenue, Chengdu 611731, China.
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13
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Kronbichler L, Stelzig-Schöler R, Pearce BG, Tschernegg M, Said-Yürekli S, Reich LA, Weber S, Aichhorn W, Kronbichler M. Schizophrenia and Category-Selectivity in the Brain: Normal for Faces but Abnormal for Houses. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:47. [PMID: 29527179 PMCID: PMC5829027 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Face processing is regularly found to be impaired in schizophrenia (SZ), thus suggesting that social malfunctioning might be caused by dysfunctional face processing. Most studies focused on emotional face processes, whereas non-emotional face processing received less attention. While current reports on abnormal face processing in SZ are mixed, examinations of non-emotional face processing compared to adequate control stimuli may clarify whether SZ is characterized by a face-processing deficit. Patients with SZ (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 30) engaged in an fMRI scan where images of non-emotional faces and houses were presented. A simple inverted-picture detection task warranted the participants' attention. Region of interest (ROI) analyses were conducted on face-sensitive regions including the fusiform face area, the occipital face area, and the superior temporal sulcus. Scene-sensitivity was assessed in the parahippocampal place area (PPA) and served as control condition. Patients did not show aberrant face-related neural processes in face-sensitive regions. This finding was also evident when analyses were done on individually defined ROIs or on in-house-localizer ROIs. Patients revealed a decreased specificity toward house stimuli as reflected in decreased neural response toward houses in the PPA. Again, this result was supported by supplementary analyses. Neural activation toward neutral faces was not found to be impaired in SZ, therefore speaking against an overall face-processing deficit. Aberrant activation in scene-sensitive PPA is also found in assessments of memory processes in SZ. It is up to future studies to show how impairments in PPA relate to functional outcome in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Renate Stelzig-Schöler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Brandy-Gale Pearce
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie Tschernegg
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Said-Yürekli
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Luise Antonia Reich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Aichhorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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14
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Goghari VM, Sanford N, Spilka MJ, Woodward TS. Task-Related Functional Connectivity Analysis of Emotion Discrimination in a Family Study of Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:1348-1362. [PMID: 28338738 PMCID: PMC5737224 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Poor emotion recognition is a core deficit in schizophrenia and is associated with poor functional outcome. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) multivariate analysis methods were used to elucidate the neural underpinnings of face and emotion processing associated with both genetic liability and disease-specific effects. Schizophrenia patients, relatives, and controls completed a task that included 4 facial emotion discrimination conditions and an age discrimination condition during fMRI. Three functional networks were derived from the data: the first involved in visual attention and response generation, the second a default mode network (DMN), and a third involved in face and emotion processing. No differences in activation were found between groups for the visual attention and response generation network, suggesting that basic processes were intact. Both schizophrenia patients and relatives showed evidence for hyperdeactivation in the DMN compared to controls, with relatives being intermediate, suggesting a genetic liability effect. Both disease-specific and genetic liability effects were found for the face processing network, which included the amygdala. Patients exhibited lower coordinated network activity compared to controls and relatives across all facial discrimination conditions. Additionally, in relation to the other emotion discrimination conditions, a heightened coordinated response during fear and anger discrimination was observed in schizophrenia compared to other conditions, whereas relatives demonstrated heightened coordinated activity for anger discrimination only relative to other emotion conditions. With regards to brain functioning, this study found that schizophrenia is associated with abnormal processing of threat-related information, and that in part may be associated with the genetic risk for the disorder, suggesting that the facial and emotion processing network could be targeted for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vina M Goghari
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; tel: 416-208-8168, fax: 416-287-7642, e-mail:
| | - Nicole Sanford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael J Spilka
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Todd S Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Spilka MJ, Goghari VM. Similar patterns of brain activation abnormalities during emotional and non-emotional judgments of faces in a schizophrenia family study. Neuropsychologia 2017; 96:164-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Disruptions in neural connectivity associated with reduced susceptibility to a depth inversion illusion in youth at ultra high risk for psychosis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:681-690. [PMID: 27761399 PMCID: PMC5065045 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with psychosis exhibit a reduced susceptibility to depth inversion illusions (DII) in which a physically concave surface is perceived as convex (e.g., the hollow mask illusion). Here, we examined the extent to which lessened susceptibility to DII characterized youth at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis. In this study, 44 UHR participants and 29 healthy controls judged the apparent convexity of face-like human masks, two of which were concave and the other convex. One of the concave masks was painted with realistic texture to enhance the illusion; the other was shown without such texture. Networks involved with top-down and bottom-up processing were evaluated with resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI). We examined regions associated with the fronto-parietal network and the visual system and their relations with susceptibility to DII. Consistent with prior studies, the UHR group was less susceptible to DII (i.e., they were characterized by more veridical perception of the stimuli) than the healthy control group. Veridical responses were related to weaker connectivity within the fronto-parietal network, and this relationship was stronger in the UHR group, suggesting possible abnormalities of top-down modulation of sensory signals. This could serve as a vulnerability marker and a further clue to the pathogenesis of psychosis.
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