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Zakowicz P, Skibińska M, Waśniewski F, Skulimowski B, Pawlak J. Plasma biomarkers in adolescents with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:1154-1161. [PMID: 37041682 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Schizophrenia onset in the developmental age has a strong neurodevelopmental burden and is associated with a poorer prognosis. The approach to diagnosis is still based on symptomatic description without objective validation. In this study, we aimed to compare the peripheral blood levels of hypothesized biomarker proteins: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), proBDNF, p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR ) and S100B between early-onset schizophrenia-spectrum adolescents (n = 45) and healthy controls (n = 34). METHODS Clinical assessment of the participants encompassed symptomatic description with the use of structured interviews and executive function objective measurement. Plasma levels of BDNF protein were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients than in controls both at admission (p = .003) and 6-8 weeks follow-up (p = .007). RESULTS We observed significant correlations between BDNF, proBDNF and p75NTR levels and positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) scores, p75NTR and S100B levels and suicidal parameters, as well as a correlation of BDNF plasma level with the risky decision-making style in Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a potential value of studied proteins as a biomarker in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease's course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Zakowicz
- Department of Genetics in Psychiatry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Children and Adolescent Treatment Centre in Zabór, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Maria Skibińska
- Department of Genetics in Psychiatry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Filip Waśniewski
- Department of Genetics in Psychiatry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartosz Skulimowski
- Department of Genetics in Psychiatry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Pawlak
- Department of Genetics in Psychiatry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Szota AM, Kowalewska B, Ćwiklińska-Jurkowska M, Dróżdż W. The Influence of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Plasma Level in Patients with Schizophrenia-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5728. [PMID: 37685795 PMCID: PMC10488522 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to establish whether there is a correlation between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment and the reduction in psychotic symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. A systematic search of PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase was conducted up to March 2023. Inclusion criteria: studies in which adult patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic medication received ECT therapy and had the BDNF level measured before and after ECT treatment. Exclusion criteria: animal and in vitro studies or studies not involving complete information about the treatment and concentration of BDNF in plasma. The risk of bias was assessed using Egger's regression-based test for meta-analysis with continuous outcomes. Six studies comprising 248 individuals with schizophrenia were included. A statistically significant increase in BDNF levels after ECT treatment was observed only in two studies (p < 0.001 and p < 0.027, respectively), whereas in four other studies, an upward trend without statistical significance was noticed. The estimated overall size effect revealed that ECT therapy caused a slight change in the BDNF level but without statistical significance (ES = -0.328). Different numbers of ECT procedures (4-10), final measurement of the BDNF level made at a different time point, using bilateral or unilateral electrode positioning during ECT and treatment with different combinations of typical or atypical antipsychotic medications may be potential reasons for the lack of statistical significance in the changes in BDNF levels after treatment. Data regarding the measurement of BDNF levels pre and post ECT therapy in patients with schizophrenia are very limited without an extended follow-up period and evaluation of mental health change. Our meta-analysis showed that treatment with ECT therapy and antipsychotic medication increases serum BDNF levels in patients with drug-resistant schizophrenia compared to patients treated with medication only; however, this effect is not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Szota
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie-Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.); (W.D.)
| | - Beata Kowalewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie-Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.); (W.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Ćwiklińska-Jurkowska
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Systems Theory, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jagiellońska Street 13-15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Wiktor Dróżdż
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie-Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.); (W.D.)
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3
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Zhang HC, Du Y, Chen L, Yuan ZQ, Cheng Y. MicroRNA schizophrenia: Etiology, biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105064. [PMID: 36707012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The three sets of symptoms associated with schizophrenia-positive, negative, and cognitive-are burdensome and have serious effects on public health, which affects up to 1% of the population. It is now commonly believed that in addition to the traditional dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway, the etiology of schizophrenia also includes neuronal networks, such as glutamate, GABA, serotonin, BDNF, oxidative stress, inflammation and the immune system. Small noncoding RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) have come to light as possible participants in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia in recent years by having an impact on these systems. These small RNAs regulate the stability and translation of hundreds of target transcripts, which has an impact on the entire gene network. There may be improved approaches to treat and diagnose schizophrenia if it is understood how these changes in miRNAs alter the critical related signaling pathways that drive the development and progression of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Chang Zhang
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Yuan
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
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Changes in serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor with electroconvulsive therapy and pharmacotherapy and its clinical correlates in male schizophrenia patients. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2022; 34:99-105. [PMID: 34924073 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2021.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been postulated that neurotrophin dysregulation leads to disorganisation in neuronal networks, which results in schizophrenia. The current study sets out to evaluate if the finding of lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in schizophrenia patients could be confirmed in an independent cohort and to investigate if the BDNF levels can be altered with different treatment modalities such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and/or antipsychotic pharmacotherapy (PT). METHODS A total of 54 male patients with schizophrenia and 35 healthy controls were included in the study. Schizophrenia patients were subdivided into two groups as the ones who underwent ECT + PT and only PT. Clinical and sociodemographic data questionnaire, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and blood sample collection for BDNF assessment were applied to all patients (on first and last days of admissions) and healthy participants (on the day of the interview). Then, clinical parameters and blood sample outcomes were statistically analysed. RESULTS Mean BDNF levels of healthy individuals were significantly higher than mean pre- and post-treatment BDNF levels in both PT only and ECT + PT groups. While serum BDNF levels did not increase after ECT + PT, there was a trend level increase in the PT only group. There was no significant correlation between the changes in serum BDNF levels with total PANSS scores in either group after treatment. CONCLUSIONS We could confirm previously suggested data of lower serum BDNF levels in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy population but we could not find significant increase in serum BDNF levels with ECT + PT or only PT as some previous studies suggested.
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Lin P, Sun J, Lou X, Li D, Shi Y, Li Z, Ma P, Li P, Chen S, Jin W, Liu S, Chen Q, Gao Q, Zhu L, Xu J, Zhu M, Wang M, Liang K, Zhao L, Xu H, Dong K, Li Q, Cheng X, Chen J, Guo X. Consensus on potential biomarkers developed for use in clinical tests for schizophrenia. Gen Psychiatr 2022; 35:e100685. [PMID: 35309241 PMCID: PMC8867318 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2021-100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSchizophrenia is a serious mental illness affecting approximately 20 million individuals globally. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the illness. If left undiagnosed and untreated, schizophrenia results in impaired social function, repeated hospital admissions, reduced quality of life and decreased life expectancy. Clinical diagnosis largely relies on subjective evidence, including self-reported experiences, and reported behavioural abnormalities followed by psychiatric evaluation. In addition, psychoses may occur along with other conditions, and the symptoms are often episodic and transient, posing a significant challenge to the precision of diagnosis. Therefore, objective, specific tests using biomarkers are urgently needed for differential diagnosis of schizophrenia in clinical practice.AimsWe aimed to provide evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations, with a summary of laboratory measurements that could potentially be used as biomarkers for schizophrenia, and to discuss directions for future research.MethodsWe searched publications within the last 10 years with the following keywords: ‘schizophrenia’, ‘gene’, ‘inflammation’, ‘neurotransmitter’, ‘protein marker’, ‘gut microbiota’, ‘pharmacogenomics’ and ‘biomarker’. A draft of the consensus was discussed and agreed on by all authors at a round table session.ResultsWe summarised the characteristics of candidate diagnostic markers for schizophrenia, including genetic, inflammatory, neurotransmitter, peripheral protein, pharmacogenomic and gut microbiota markers. We also proposed a novel laboratory process for diagnosing schizophrenia in clinical practice based on the evidence summarised in this paper.ConclusionsFurther efforts are needed to identify schizophrenia-specific genetic and epigenetic markers for precise diagnosis, differential diagnosis and ethnicity-specific markers for the Chinese population. The development of novel laboratory techniques is making it possible to use these biomarkers clinically to diagnose disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Sun
- Department of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoyan Lou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangyi Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabin Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu’an, Anhui, China
| | - Ke Dong
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtian Li
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunjia Cheng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Editorial Office of General Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shoshina II, Hovis JK, Felisberti FM, Santos NA, Adreeva A, Butler PD, Fernandes TP. Visual processing and BDNF levels in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2021; 305:114200. [PMID: 34653830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) have deficits in early visual processing, namely contrast processing. The brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is an important measure to investigate neuroplasticity in some visual functions like visual perception. In this study, we investigated the relationship between visual processing and BDNF levels in first-episode SCZ patients. Thirty-nine healthy controls and 43 first-episode SCZ patients were enrolled. Contrast sensitivity measurements were conducted using low, mid- and high spatial frequencies. First-episode SCZ patients had higher contrast sensitivity than healthy controls for all frequencies, except for the middle spatial frequency. Negative correlations were found between BDNF, contrast sensitivity and clinical variables, mostly for middle and high spatial frequencies among females. Our results provide support for (i) the association of SCZ with alterations of magno- and parvocellular pathway functioning and (ii) decreased BDNF levels in first-episode SCZ patients. This study highlights the importance of using biomarkers along with other measures to investigate visual processing in SCZ and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Shoshina
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Department of Visual Physiology, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State University, Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Jeffery K Hovis
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Fatima M Felisberti
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Anna Adreeva
- St. Petersburg State University, Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Pamela D Butler
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Thiago P Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil.
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McGurk SR, Otto MW, Fulford D, Cutler Z, Mulcahy LP, Talluri SS, Qiu WQ, Gan Q, Tran I, Turner L, DeTore NR, Zawacki SA, Khare C, Pillai A, Mueser KT. A randomized controlled trial of exercise on augmenting the effects of cognitive remediation in persons with severe mental illness. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 139:38-46. [PMID: 34022474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary evidence suggests that aerobic exercise may augment the effects of cognitive remediation on improving cognitive functioning in severe mental illness. It has also been hypothesized that increases in cognitive functioning associated with adding exercise are mediated by increases in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, rigorous controlled trials are lacking. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted to explore whether adding a 30-h aerobic exercise program over 10 weeks to an equally intensive cognitive remediation program (CR + E) improved cognitive functioning more than cognitive remediation alone (CR-Only). Thirty-four participants with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder were randomly assigned to CR + E or CR-Only, and cognitive functioning was assessed at baseline and post-treatment. Total and mature BDNF were measured in blood serum at baseline, Week-5 pre- and post-exercise, and Week-10 pre- and post-exercise. RESULTS Participants in both conditions had high levels of engagement in the interventions and improved significantly in cognitive functioning, but did not differ in amount of cognitive change. The groups also did not differ in changes in BDNF from pre-to post-exercise at Weeks 5 or 10, nor in resting BDNF levels. Exploratory analyses indicated that higher body mass index (BMI) significantly predicted attenuated improvement in cognitive functioning for both groups. DISCUSSION Exercise did not augment the effects of cognitive remediation in persons with severe mental illness, possibly because the cognitive remediation program resulted in strong gains in cognitive functioning. Moderate aerobic exercise does not appear to reliably increase BDNF levels in persons with severe mental illness. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT02326389.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R McGurk
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, United States; Department of Occupational Therapy and Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, United States
| | - Michael W Otto
- Department Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, United States
| | - Daniel Fulford
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, United States
| | - Zachary Cutler
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, United States
| | - Leonard P Mulcahy
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, United States
| | - Sai Snigdha Talluri
- Chicago Health Disparities Program, Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Wei Qiao Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, United States; Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Qini Gan
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Ivy Tran
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, United States
| | - Laura Turner
- Franciscan Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicole R DeTore
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | | | - Chitra Khare
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, United States
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, United States
| | - Kim T Mueser
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, United States; Department of Occupational Therapy and Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, United States.
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Lin CC, Huang TL. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and mental disorders. Biomed J 2020; 43:134-142. [PMID: 32386841 PMCID: PMC7283564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that modulates neuroplasticity in the brain, and is one of the most widely investigated molecule in psychiatric disorders. The researches of BDNF emcompassed the advance of investigative techniques of past decades. BDNF researches ranged from protein quantilization, to RNA expression measurements, to DNA sequencing, and lately but not lastly, epigenetic studies. In this review, we will briefly address findings on BDNF protein levels, mRNA expression, Val66Met polymorphism, and epigenetic modifications, in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tiao-Lai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Genomic and Proteomic Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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