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Li Y, You Y, Yu B, Lu Y, Zhou H, Tang M, Zuo G, Xu J. The impact of cue and preparation prompts on attention guidance in goal-directed tasks. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1397452. [PMID: 39086376 PMCID: PMC11288827 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1397452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In goal-directed tasks, visual prompts before the appearance of goals can make people ready in advance, which helps them to complete the movement better, and the presentation type of the visual prompt is very important. In previous studies, it has not been clear how different types of visual prompts guide attention in goal-directed tasks. Methods According to the characteristics of goal-directed tasks, our research designed three different prompts: the cue prompt (featuring static arrow), the preparation prompt (involving dynamic countdown), and the combination prompt of cue and preparation information (simultaneously incorporating arrow and countdown). We used event-related potential components (CNV and P300) and graph theory indicators (clustering coefficient and characteristic path length) under the brain function connection to analyze the attention state of the brain. Results The results showed that the combination prompts better guided the participants' sustained attention during the prompt stage, making them well prepared for the movement. Thus, after the target appeared, the participants had better executive control and achieved a faster response to the target. However, under the combination prompt, the participants consumed more attention resources during the prompt stage. Discussion We believe that for the participants with impaired cognitive function, cue prompts or preparation prompts can be considered, which also play a role in guiding the participants' attention and helping them make motor preparations when less attention resources are consumed. This study provides a neurophysiological and behavioral foundation for the design of visual prompts in goal-directed tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yimeng You
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baobao Yu
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Ningbo Rehabilitation Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guokun Zuo
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Xu
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Qu H, Zhao S, Li Z, Wu J, Murai T, Li Q, Wu Y, Zhang Z. Investigating the impact of schizophrenia traits on attention: the role of the theta band in a modified Posner cueing paradigm. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae274. [PMID: 38976973 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Joint attention is an indispensable tool for daily communication. Abnormalities in joint attention may be a key reason underlying social impairment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In this study, we aimed to explore the attentional orientation mechanism related to schizotypal traits in a social situation. Here, we employed a Posner cueing paradigm with social attentional cues. Subjects needed to detect the location of a target that is cued by gaze and head orientation. The power in the theta frequency band was used to examine the attentional process in the schizophrenia spectrum. There were four main findings. First, a significant association was found between schizotypal traits and attention orientation in response to invalid gaze cues. Second, individuals with schizotypal traits exhibited significant activation of neural oscillations and synchrony in the theta band, which correlated with their schizotypal tendencies. Third, neural oscillations and synchrony demonstrated a synergistic effect during social tasks, particularly when processing gaze cues. Finally, the relationship between schizotypal traits and attention orientation was mediated by neural oscillations and synchrony in the theta frequency band. These findings deepen our understanding of the impact of theta activity in schizotypal traits on joint attention and offer new insights for future intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Qu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7186 Satellite Road (South), Chaoyang District, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zimo Li
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Qi Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7186 Satellite Road (South), Chaoyang District, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7186 Satellite Road (South), Chaoyang District, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Akgül Ö, Fide E, Özel F, Alptekin K, Bora E, Akdede BB, Yener G. Early and late contingent negative variation (CNV) reflect different aspects of deficits in schizophrenia. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2875-2889. [PMID: 38658367 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal reward processing and psychomotor slowing are well-known in schizophrenia (SZ). As a slow frontocentral potential, contingent negative variation (CNV) is associated with anticipatory attention, motivation and motor planning. The present study aims to evaluate the early and late amplitude and latencies of CNV in patients with SZ compared to healthy controls during a reward processing task and to show its association with clinical symptoms. We recruited 21 patients with SZ and 22 healthy controls to compare early and late CNV amplitude and latency values during a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) Task between groups. Patients' symptom severity, levels of negative symptoms and depressive symptoms were assessed. Clinical features of the patients were further examined for their relation with CNV components. In conclusion, we found decreased early CNV amplitudes in SZ during the reward condition. They also displayed diminished and shortened late CNV responses for incentive cues, specifically at the central location. Furthermore, early CNV amplitudes exhibited a significant correlation with positive symptoms. Both CNV latencies were linked with medication dosage and the behavioural outcomes of the MID task. We revealed that early and late CNV exhibit different functions in neurophysiology and correspond to various facets of the deficits observed in patients. Our findings also emphasized that slow cortical potentials are indicative of deficient motivational processes as well as impaired reaction preparation in SZ. To gain a deeper understanding of the cognitive and motor impairments associated with psychosis, future studies must compare the effects of CNV in the early and late phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Akgül
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Fide
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Health, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fatih Özel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Köksal Alptekin
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Bora
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berna Binnur Akdede
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Görsev Yener
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Brain Dynamics Multidisciplinary Research Center, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
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Li Z, Zhao S, Yang J, Murai T, Funahashi S, Wu J, Zhang Z. Is P3 amplitude associated with greater gaze distraction effect in schizotypy? Schizophr Res 2024; 267:422-431. [PMID: 38640853 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
A recently proposed "Hyperfocusing hypothesis" suggests that schizotypy is associated with a more narrow but more intense way of allocating attention. The current study aims to test a vital prediction of this hypothesis in a social context, that schizotypy may be related to greater difficulty overcoming the distracting effects of gaze. This could cause a longer time to respond to targets that are invalidly cued by gaze. The current study tested this prediction in a modified Posner cueing paradigm by using P3 as an indicator for attentional resources. Seventy-four young healthy individuals with different levels of schizotypy were included, they were asked to detect the location of a target that was cued validly or invalidly by the gaze and head orientation. The results revealed that (a) schizotypy is associated with hyperfocusing on gaze direction, leading to greater difficulty overcoming the distracting effect of gaze. The higher the trait-schizotypy score, the more time needed to respond to targets that were invalidly cued by gaze (b) schizotypy is associated with reduced P3 which is directed by social communicative stimuli. The higher the trait-schizotypy score, the smaller the amplitude of P3 (c) the relationship between schizotypal traits and response times of the gaze-invalid condition is fully intermediated by P3. The findings of the current study suggest the P3 component may be a crucial neural mechanism underlying joint attention deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimo Li
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- School of Psychology, ShenZhen University, ShenZhen, GuangDong, China.
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shintaro Funahashi
- Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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5
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Liu H, Tang E, Guan C, Li J, Zheng J, Zhou D, Shen M, Chen H. Not socially blind: Unimpaired perception of social interaction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:448-450. [PMID: 38262311 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Enze Tang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Chenxiao Guan
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jiewei Zheng
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | | | - Mowei Shen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, China.
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Sun Y, Duan M, An L, Liu S, Ming D. Abnormal attentional bias in individuals with suicidal ideation during an emotional Stroop task: an event-related potential study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1118602. [PMID: 37674549 PMCID: PMC10477597 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1118602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is increasing evidence that suicidal individuals exhibit an attentional bias toward negative or suicide-related stimuli, but the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the neural mechanism of attentional bias toward emotional stimuli using a modified emotional Stroop task (EST) and to further explore the influencing factor of abnormal attention processing by identifying whether mental disorders or suicidal ideation contributes to attention processing disruptions. Methods Fourteen students with suicidal ideation and mental disorders (SIMDs), sixteen students with suicidal ideation but no mental disorders (SINMDs), and fourteen sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Moreover, 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) data and behavioral responses were recorded simultaneously during the EST. Participants were instructed to respond to the ink color for various types of words (positive, neutral, negative, and suicide) while ignoring their meanings. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed to evaluate attention to the stimuli. Spearman correlations between clinical psychological assessment scales and ERP signatures were analyzed to determine the risk factors for suicide. Results The results showed that the SIMD group exhibited longer early posterior negativity (EPN) latency compared to the SINMD and HC groups, indicating that early attention processing was affected during the EST, and the automatic and rapid processing of emotional information decreased. Furthermore, P300 latency for positive words was positively correlated with current suicidal ideation in the SINMD group, suggesting that delayed responses or additional processing to positive information may lead individuals with suicidal ideation to an incorrect interpretation of external events. Conclusions Generally, our findings suggest that the neural characteristics of the SIMD group differed from those of the SINMD and HC groups. EPN latency and P300 latency during the EST may be suicide-related neurophysiological indicators. These results provide neurophysiological signatures of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Sun
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Moxin Duan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li An
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Xu XJ, Liu TL, He L, Pu B. Changes in neurotransmitter levels, brain structural characteristics, and their correlation with PANSS scores in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5215-5223. [PMID: 37621579 PMCID: PMC10445057 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i22.5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with schizophrenia, the brain structure and neurotransmitter levels change, which may be related to the occurrence and progression of this disease. AIM To explore the relationships between changes in neurotransmitters, brain structural characteristics, and the scores of the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. METHODS The case group comprised 97 patients with schizophrenia, who were evaluated using the Canadian Neurological Scale and confirmed by laboratory tests at Ningbo Mental Hospital from January 2020 to July 2022. The control group comprised 100 healthy participants. For all participants, brain structural characteristics were explored by measuring brain dopamine (DA), glutamic acid (Glu), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, with magnetic resonance imaging. The case group was divided into negative and positive symptom subgroups using PANSS scores for hierarchical analysis. Linear correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between neurotransmitters, brain structural characteristics, and PANSS scores. RESULTS Patients in the case group had higher levels of DA and lower levels of Glu and GABA, greater vertical and horizontal distances between the corpus callosum and the inferior part of the fornix and larger ventricle area than patients in the control group (P < 0.05). Patients with positive schizophrenia symptoms had significantly higher levels of DA, Glu, and GABA than those with negative symptoms (P < 0.05). In patients with positive schizophrenia symptoms, PANSS score was significantly positively correlated with DA, vertical and horizontal distances between the corpus callosum and the infrafornix, and ventricular area, and was significantly negatively correlated with Glu and GABA (P < 0.05). In patients with negative schizophrenia symptoms, PANSS score was significantly positively correlated with DA, vertical distance between the corpus callosum and the infrafornix, horizontal distance between the corpus callosum and the infrafornix, and ventricular area, and was significantly negatively correlated with Glu and GABA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In patients with first-episode schizophrenia, DA levels increased, Glu and GABA levels decreased, the thickness of the corpus callosum increased, and these variables were correlated with PANSS scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Jia Xu
- The Fifth Ward, Ningbo Psychiatric Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tang-Long Liu
- Department of Science and Education, Ningbo Psychiatric Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liang He
- The Sixteenth Ward, Ningbo Psychiatric Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ben Pu
- The Twelfth Ward, Ningbo Psychiatric Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Xu XJ, Liu TL, He L, Pu B. Changes in neurotransmitter levels, brain structural characteristics, and their correlation with PANSS scores in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5209-5217. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i22.5209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with schizophrenia, the brain structure and neurotransmitter levels change, which may be related to the occurrence and progression of this disease.
AIM To explore the relationships between changes in neurotransmitters, brain structural characteristics, and the scores of the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.
METHODS The case group comprised 97 patients with schizophrenia, who were evaluated using the Canadian Neurological Scale and confirmed by laboratory tests at Ningbo Mental Hospital from January 2020 to July 2022. The control group comprised 100 healthy participants. For all participants, brain structural characteristics were explored by measuring brain dopamine (DA), glutamic acid (Glu), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, with magnetic resonance imaging. The case group was divided into negative and positive symptom subgroups using PANSS scores for hierarchical analysis. Linear correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between neurotransmitters, brain structural characteristics, and PANSS scores.
RESULTS Patients in the case group had higher levels of DA and lower levels of Glu and GABA, greater vertical and horizontal distances between the corpus callosum and the inferior part of the fornix and larger ventricle area than patients in the control group (P < 0.05). Patients with positive schizophrenia symptoms had significantly higher levels of DA, Glu, and GABA than those with negative symptoms (P < 0.05). In patients with positive schizophrenia symptoms, PANSS score was significantly positively correlated with DA, vertical and horizontal distances between the corpus callosum and the infrafornix, and ventricular area, and was significantly negatively correlated with Glu and GABA (P < 0.05). In patients with negative schizophrenia symptoms, PANSS score was significantly positively correlated with DA, vertical distance between the corpus callosum and the infrafornix, horizontal distance between the corpus callosum and the infrafornix, and ventricular area, and was significantly negatively correlated with Glu and GABA (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION In patients with first-episode schizophrenia, DA levels increased, Glu and GABA levels decreased, the thickness of the corpus callosum increased, and these variables were correlated with PANSS scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Jia Xu
- The Fifth Ward, Ningbo Psychiatric Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tang-Long Liu
- Department of Science and Education, Ningbo Psychiatric Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liang He
- The Sixteenth Ward, Ningbo Psychiatric Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ben Pu
- The Twelfth Ward, Ningbo Psychiatric Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
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9
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Application of Machine Learning to Diagnostics of Schizophrenia Patients Based on Event-Related Potentials. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030509. [PMID: 36766614 PMCID: PMC9913945 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder that significantly reduces the quality of life. Early treatment is extremely important in order to mitigate the long-term negative effects. In this paper, a machine learning based diagnostics of schizophrenia was designed. Classification models were applied to the event-related potentials (ERPs) of patients and healthy subjects performing the visual cued Go/NoGo task. The sample consisted of 200 adult individuals ranging in age from 18 to 50 years. In order to apply the machine learning models, various features were extracted from the ERPs. The process of feature extraction was parametrized through a special procedure and the parameters of this procedure were selected through a grid-search technique along with the model hyperparameters. Feature extraction was followed by sequential feature selection transformation in order to prevent overfitting and reduce the computational complexity. Various models were trained on the resulting feature set. The best model was support vector machines with a sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 90.8%, respectively.
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10
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Le TP, Green MF, Lee J, Clayson PE, Jimenez AM, Reavis EA, Wynn JK, Horan WP. Aberrant reward processing to positive versus negative outcomes across psychotic disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:1-7. [PMID: 36201975 PMCID: PMC10163955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several studies of reward processing in schizophrenia have shown reduced sensitivity to positive, but not negative, outcomes although inconsistencies have been reported. In addition, few studies have investigated whether patients show a relative deficit to social versus nonsocial rewards, whether deficits occur across the spectrum of psychosis, or whether deficits relate to negative symptoms and functioning. This study examined probabilistic implicit learning via two visually distinctive slot machines for social and nonsocial rewards in 101 outpatients with diverse psychotic disorders and 48 community controls. The task consisted of two trial types: positive (optimal to choose a positive vs. neutral machine) and negative (optimal to choose a neutral vs. negative machine), with two reward conditions: social (faces) and nonsocial (money) reward conditions. A significant group X trial type interaction indicated that controls performed better on positive than negative trials, whereas patients showed the opposite pattern of better performance on negative than positive trials. In addition, both groups performed better for social than nonsocial stimuli, despite lower overall task performance in patients. Within patients, worse performance on negative trials showed significant, small-to-moderate correlations with motivation and pleasure-related negative symptoms and social functioning. The current findings suggest reward processing disturbances, particularly decreased sensitivity to positive outcomes, extend beyond schizophrenia to a broader spectrum of psychotic disorders and relate to important clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh P Le
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Michael F Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junghee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Peter E Clayson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Amy M Jimenez
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Reavis
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William P Horan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; WCG VeraSci, Durham, NC, USA
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Perrottelli A, Giordano GM, Brando F, Giuliani L, Pezzella P, Mucci A, Galderisi S. Unveiling the Associations between EEG Indices and Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092193. [PMID: 36140594 PMCID: PMC9498272 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions represent a core feature of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders due to their presence throughout different illness stages and their impact on functioning. Abnormalities in electrophysiology (EEG) measures are highly related to these impairments, but the use of EEG indices in clinical practice is still limited. A systematic review of articles using Pubmed, Scopus and PsychINFO was undertaken in November 2021 to provide an overview of the relationships between EEG indices and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Out of 2433 screened records, 135 studies were included in a qualitative review. Although the results were heterogeneous, some significant correlations were identified. In particular, abnormalities in alpha, theta and gamma activity, as well as in MMN and P300, were associated with impairments in cognitive domains such as attention, working memory, visual and verbal learning and executive functioning during at-risk mental states, early and chronic stages of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The review suggests that machine learning approaches together with a careful selection of validated EEG and cognitive indices and characterization of clinical phenotypes might contribute to increase the use of EEG-based measures in clinical settings.
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Catalano LT, Wynn JK, Green MF, Gold JM. Reduced neural activity when anticipating social versus nonsocial rewards in schizophrenia: Preliminary evidence from an ERP study. Schizophr Res 2022; 246:7-16. [PMID: 35696860 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diminished social motivation is a core feature of schizophrenia that might reflect disturbances in social reward processing. It is not known whether these disturbances reflect anticipatory ("wanting") and/or consummatory ("liking") pleasure deficits. The primary aim of this study was to examine social versus nonsocial reward processing during these temporally distinct substages using event-related potential (ERP) components. Twenty-three schizophrenia participants and 20 healthy participants completed an incentive delay task with social (i.e., smiling expressions) and nonsocial (i.e., money) rewards. We measured two anticipatory ERPs (i.e., "wanting") (target anticipation: Contingent Negative Variation [CNV]; feedback anticipation: Stimulus Preceding Negativity [SPN]) and one consummatory ERP (i.e., "liking") (feedback receipt: P300). As a secondary aim, we examined correlations between the ERPs and interview-rated motivational negative symptoms and social functioning. Schizophrenia participants showed overall less target anticipation (blunted CNV) across all trials (social and nonsocial) than healthy participants. Importantly, schizophrenia participants exhibited less anticipation of social rewards relative to nonsocial rewards (SPN), whereas healthy participants showed similar anticipation for both reward types. Both groups showed similar responses to social and nonsocial reward receipt (P300). Furthermore, social reward anticipation during the incentive delay task was associated with more social approach behaviors in the real-world. Together, these findings provide preliminary evidence for intact social reward "liking" and impaired "wanting" in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T Catalano
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael F Green
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James M Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Menjivar Quijano SA, Ryczek CA, Horne MR. The effect of schizotypy on spatial learning in an environment with a distinctive shape. Front Psychol 2022; 13:929653. [PMID: 35967704 PMCID: PMC9373985 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.929653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In two experiments, participants completed the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences measuring schizotypal traits across four dimensions (unusual experiences, cognitive disorganization, introvertive anhedonia, and impulsive non-conformity). They then took part in a virtual navigation task where they were required to learn about the position of a hidden goal with reference to geometric cues of a rectangular arena or rely on colored wall panels to find the hidden goal in a square-shaped arena. Unusual experience and cognitive disorganization were significant predictors of the use of geometric cues, but no significant predictors were found for the use of wall panels. Implications to hippocampal function and the clinical domain are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cameron A. Ryczek
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Murray R. Horne
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Murray R. Horne,
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Gooding DC. Brave New World: Harnessing the promise of biomarkers to help solve the epigenetic puzzle. Schizophr Res 2022; 242:35-41. [PMID: 35101327 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Gooding
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
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