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Nogovitsyn N, Ballester P, Lasby M, Dunlop K, Ceniti AK, Squires S, Rowe J, Ho K, Suh J, Hassel S, Souza R, Casseb RF, Harris JK, Zamyadi M, Arnott SR, Strother SC, Hall G, Lam RW, Poppenk J, Lebel C, Bray S, Metzak P, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI, Wang J, Rizvi SJ, MacQueen G, Addington J, Harkness KL, Rotzinger S, Kennedy SH, Frey BN. An empirical analysis of structural neuroimaging profiles in a staging model of depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:631-640. [PMID: 38290583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
We examine structural brain characteristics across three diagnostic categories: at risk for serious mental illness; first-presenting episode and recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). We investigate whether the three diagnostic groups display a stepwise pattern of brain changes in the cortico-limbic regions. Integrated clinical and neuroimaging data from three large Canadian studies were pooled (total n = 622 participants, aged 12-66 years). Four clinical profiles were used in the classification of a clinical staging model: healthy comparison individuals with no history of depression (HC, n = 240), individuals at high risk for serious mental illness due to the presence of subclinical symptoms (SC, n = 80), first-episode depression (FD, n = 82), and participants with recurrent MDD in a current major depressive episode (RD, n = 220). Whole-brain volumetric measurements were extracted with FreeSurfer 7.1 and examined using three different types of analyses. Hippocampal volume decrease and cortico-limbic thinning were the most informative features for the RD vs HC comparisons. FD vs HC revealed that FD participants were characterized by a focal decrease in cortical thickness and global enlargement in amygdala volumes. Greater total amygdala volumes were significantly associated with earlier onset of illness in the FD but not the RD group. We did not confirm the construct validity of a tested clinical staging model, as a differential pattern of brain alterations was identified across the three diagnostic groups that did not parallel a stepwise clinical staging approach. The pathological processes during early stages of the illness may fundamentally differ from those that occur at later stages with clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Nogovitsyn
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Pedro Ballester
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mike Lasby
- Electrical and Software Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katharine Dunlop
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda K Ceniti
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide & Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott Squires
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jessie Rowe
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Keith Ho
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - JeeSu Suh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stefanie Hassel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roberto Souza
- Electrical and Software Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Raphael F Casseb
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mojdeh Zamyadi
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stephen C Strother
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jordan Poppenk
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; Child & Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; Child & Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Metzak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Computational Radiology & Artificial Intelligence (CRAI) Unit, Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - JianLi Wang
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sakina J Rizvi
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide & Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Glenda MacQueen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kate L Harkness
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Rotzinger
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide & Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide & Depression Studies Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Levi PT, Chopra S, Pang JC, Holmes A, Gajwani M, Sassenberg TA, DeYoung CG, Fornito A. The effect of using group-averaged or individualized brain parcellations when investigating connectome dysfunction in psychosis. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:1228-1247. [PMID: 38144692 PMCID: PMC10631788 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to investigate functional coupling (FC) disturbances in a range of clinical disorders. Most analyses performed to date have used group-based parcellations for defining regions of interest (ROIs), in which a single parcellation is applied to each brain. This approach neglects individual differences in brain functional organization and may inaccurately delineate the true borders of functional regions. These inaccuracies could inflate or underestimate group differences in case-control analyses. We investigated how individual differences in brain organization influence group comparisons of FC using psychosis as a case study, drawing on fMRI data in 121 early psychosis patients and 57 controls. We defined FC networks using either a group-based parcellation or an individually tailored variant of the same parcellation. Individualized parcellations yielded more functionally homogeneous ROIs than did group-based parcellations. At the level of individual connections, case-control FC differences were widespread, but the group-based parcellation identified approximately 7.7% more connections as dysfunctional than the individualized parcellation. When considering differences at the level of functional networks, the results from both parcellations converged. Our results suggest that a substantial fraction of dysconnectivity previously observed in psychosis may be driven by the parcellation method, rather than by a pathophysiological process related to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila T. Levi
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sidhant Chopra
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James C. Pang
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander Holmes
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mehul Gajwani
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Colin G. DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Frosch IR, Damme KSF, Bernard JA, Mittal VA. Cerebellar correlates of social dysfunction among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1027470. [PMID: 36532176 PMCID: PMC9752902 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social deficits are a significant feature among both individuals with psychosis and those at clinical high-risk (CHR) for developing psychosis. Critically, the psychosis risk syndrome emerges in adolescence and young adulthood, when social skill development is being fine-tuned. Yet, the underlying pathophysiology of social deficits in individuals at CHR for psychosis remains unclear. Literature suggests the cerebellum plays a critical role in social functioning. Cerebellar dysfunction in psychosis and CHR individuals is well-established, yet limited research has examined links between the cerebellum and social functioning deficits in this critical population. Method In the current study, 68 individuals at CHR for developing psychosis and 66 healthy controls (HCs) completed social processing measures (examining social interaction, social cognition, and global social functioning) and resting-state MRI scans. Seed-to-voxel resting-state connectivity analyses were employed to examine the relationship between social deficits and lobular cerebellar network connectivity. Results Analyses indicated that within the CHR group, each social domain variable was linked to reduced connectivity between social cerebellar subregions (e.g., Crus II, lobules VIIIa and VIIIb) and cortical regions (e.g., frontal pole and frontal gyrus), but a control cerebellar subregion (e.g., lobule X) and was unrelated to these social variables. Discussion These results indicate an association between several cerebellar lobules and specific deficits in social processing. The cerebellum, therefore, may be particularly salient to the social domain and future research is need to examine the role of the cerebellum in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle R. Frosch
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Katherine S. F. Damme
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jessica A. Bernard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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