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Rehman M, Pan J, Mubeen S, Ma W, Luo D, Cao S, Saeed W, Jin G, Li R, Chen T, Chen P. Morpho-physio-biochemical, molecular, and phytoremedial responses of plants to red, blue, and green light: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20772-20791. [PMID: 38393568 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Light is a basic requirement to drive carbon metabolism in plants and supports life on earth. Spectral quality greatly affects plant morphology, physiology, and metabolism of various biochemical pathways. Among visible light spectrum, red, blue, and green light wavelengths affect several mechanisms to contribute in plant growth and productivity. In addition, supplementation of red, blue, or green light with other wavelengths showed vivid effects on the plant biology. However, response of plants differs in different species and growing conditions. This review article provides a detailed view and interpretation of existing knowledge and clarifies underlying mechanisms that how red, blue, and green light spectra affect plant morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular parameters to make a significant contribution towards improved crop production, fruit quality, disease control, phytoremediation potential, and resource use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammal Rehman
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiao Pan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Samavia Mubeen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenyue Ma
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Dengjie Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shan Cao
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wajid Saeed
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Ru Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Saito K, Goto E. Evaluation of the enhancement of photosynthetic rate in a komatsuna ( Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis) canopy with upward lighting using an optical simulation in a plant factory with artificial light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1111338. [PMID: 37035046 PMCID: PMC10081495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In a plant factory with artificial light (PFAL), upward lighting is expected to prevent senescence and decrease in the photosynthetic capacity of the lower leaves in the canopy. Upward lighting may also increase the photosynthetic rate of a canopy by improving its photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) distribution. However, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of leaves is lower when the abaxial surface is irradiated than that when the adaxial surface is irradiated. The aim of this study was to estimate the PPFD in a PFAL and the Pn of plants using three-dimensional plant models and optical simulation. First, we measured the Pn of komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis) leaves under different conditions of the proportion (pad ) of PPFD on the adaxial surface to total PPFD on both surfaces and developed an equation for the light response curve of photosynthesis considering pad . When PPFD was low, except when it was 30 and 70 µmol m-2 s-1, Pn increased as pad increased, because the absorptance also increased with pad . Under high PPFD conditions, Pn was maximized at 67-83% of pad because the light would be distributed more efficiently for photosynthesis. Next, using optical simulation and the developed equation, we estimated the photosynthetic rate of a komatsuna canopy (CPn) under downward and upward lighting. The CPn increased by 1.08-1.13 times by combining downward and upward lighting due to the increase in the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of light incident on the canopy and the decrease in the spatial variation of PPFD on the leaves in the canopy. As the depreciation of lamps for upward lighting accounts for 7.5-9.0% of the production cost in a PFAL, even if the depreciation of lamps for upward lighting increased, enhancement of CPn by upward lighting would be cost-effective. We performed optical simulations under 220 conditions and evaluated them using CPn as an index. Moreover, we provided the proportion of PPF of upward lighting that improved CPn and discussed the reason for this improvement. The result shows that optical simulation is useful for evaluating the lighting design in a PFAL and analyzing the effects of the lighting design on the light environment and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Saito
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Goto
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Jiang C, Wu H, Zhang X, Liu J, Li Y, Song Y, Wang J, Zheng Y. Integrating omics reveals insights into tomato abaxial/adaxial leafy supplemental lighting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118895. [PMID: 37089633 PMCID: PMC10113477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Research revealed that the abaxial leafy supplemental lighting (AB) can significantly improve the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in the leaves of tomato plants compare to the adaxial leafy supplemental lighting (AD) method. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we conducted AB and AD on tomato and assessed transcriptomic, and proteomic changes in leaves. The result showed that under the two supplemental lighting methods, a total of 7352 genes and 152 proteins were differentially expressed. Significant differences were observed in genes expression levels and proteins abundances across multiple pathways, mainly including cell process, metabolism process, biological regulation, environment information processing, genetic information processing, metabolism, and organismal systems. Additionally, we also found that some key genes that plant hormone signaling, light perception, photosynthesis, plant fitness, and promoting fruit ripening, have increased significantly, which can explain the effect of AB on plant growth and development. Finally, through the qPCR, we determined that AB mainly up-regulate a series of auxin-responsive genes or factors, auxin polarity transport genes, gibberellin synthesis genes, cell cycle regulator genes, sugar transporters, and fleshy fruit ripening genes. These results help us to understand plant light response mechanism and discover genes which contribute to efficient light energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chengyao Jiang, ; Jiaming Liu, ; Yu Song, ; Yangxia Zheng,
| | - Haolian Wu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Laboratory of Crop Immune Gene Editing Technology, Chengdu NewSun Crop Science Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Laboratory of Crop Immune Gene Editing Technology, Chengdu NewSun Crop Science Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chengyao Jiang, ; Jiaming Liu, ; Yu Song, ; Yangxia Zheng,
| | - Yushan Li
- Research Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu Song
- Research Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Chengyao Jiang, ; Jiaming Liu, ; Yu Song, ; Yangxia Zheng,
| | - Jue Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangxia Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chengyao Jiang, ; Jiaming Liu, ; Yu Song, ; Yangxia Zheng,
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Fruit Quality Response to Different Abaxial Leafy Supplemental Lighting of Greenhouse-Produced Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. Cerasiforme). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient light supply for canopies is a constant issue during greenhouse production in most areas of Northern China. Applying supplemental lighting to plant canopies is an efficient method of solving this problem. Several studies were conducted to identify the optimal, economically efficient abaxial leafy supplemental lighting mode to produce high-quality greenhouse tomatoes. In this experiment, no supplemental treatment was used as a blank control (CK), while three supplemental lighting modes were used as treatments: T1, continuous supplemental lighting from 8:00–9:00 (at GMT+8, which is 6:00–7:00 local time, before the thermal insulation covers, abbreviated as TIC below, opening), and 20:00–22:00 (after TIC closing) with photosynthetic photon fluxion density (PPFD) of 200 μmol·m−2·s−1; T2, dynamic altered supplemental lighting with PPFD rising from 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 to 200 μmol·m−2·s−1 before TIC opening and falling from 200 μmol·m−2·s−1 to 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 after TIC closing; and T3, intermittent supplemental lighting which was automatically conducted with PPFD of 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 when indoor PPFD below 150 μmol·m−2·s−1 from 8:00–22:00. The results demonstrated that abaxial leafy supplemental lighting treatment could improve both fruit yield and quality. The total yield in the T1 and T2 treatments was higher than in other treatments, though there was no significant difference. Differences in leaf carbon exportation showed the possibility of determining fruit yield from the 3rd leaf under the fruit. The overall appearance, flavor quality, nutrient indicators, and aroma of cherry tomato fruits under T1 and T2 treatments were generally higher than in other treatments. Correlation analysis of fruit yield and quality parameters suggested that they produce relatively high yield and fruit quality. Combined with a cost-performance analysis, dynamic altered supplemental lighting (T2) is more suitable for high-valued greenhouse cherry tomato production.
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Kim YX, Son S, Lee S, Jung E, Lee Y, Sung J, Lee C. Combined Effects of Nutrients × Water × Light on Metabolite Composition in Tomato Fruits ( Solanum Lycopersicum L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071437. [PMID: 34371638 PMCID: PMC8309447 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tomato cultivation in the greenhouse can be facilitated by supplemental light. We compared the combined effects of nutrients, water, and supplemental light (red) on tomato fruit quality. To do this, three different nutrient conditions were tested, i.e., (1) low N, (2) standard N, and (3) high N. Water was supplied either at −30 kPa (sufficient) or −80 kPa (limited) of soil water potential. Supplemental red LED light was turned either on or off. The metabolites from tomato fruits were profiled using non-targeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomic approaches. The lycopene content was highest in the condition of high N and limited water in the absence of supplemental light. In the absence of red lighting, the lycopene contents were greatly affected by nutrient and water conditions. Under the red lighting, the nutrient and water conditions did not play an important role in enhancing lycopene content. Lower N resulted in low amino acids. Low N was also likely to enhance some soluble carbohydrates. Interestingly, the combination of low N and red light led to a significant increase in sucrose, maltose, and flavonoids. In high N soil, red light increased a majority of amino acids, including aspartic acid and GABA, and sugars. However, it decreased most of the secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids, polyamines, and alkaloids. The water supply effect was minor. We demonstrated that different nutrient conditions of soil resulted in a difference in metabolic composition in tomato fruits and the effect of red light was variable depending on nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin X. Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Suyoung Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Seulbi Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Eunsung Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Yejin Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.L.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2512 (J.S.); +82-2-2049-6177 (C.L.)
| | - Choonghwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.L.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2512 (J.S.); +82-2-2049-6177 (C.L.)
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Palmitessa OD, Durante M, Caretto S, Milano F, D’Imperio M, Serio F, Santamaria P. Supplementary Light Differently Influences Physico-Chemical Parameters and Antioxidant Compounds of Tomato Fruits Hybrids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:687. [PMID: 33925644 PMCID: PMC8145936 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges for agriculture in the coming years will be producing more food avoiding reducing the nutritional values of fruits and vegetables, sources of nutraceutical compounds. It has been demonstrated that light-emitting diodes (LEDs) used as a supplementary light (SL) technology improve tomato yield in Mediterranean greenhouses, but few data have been reported about SL effects on fruit physio-chemical parameters. In this study, three tomato hybrid (F1) cultivars were grown for year-round production in a commercial semi-closed glasshouse in Southern Italy: red cherry type ("Sorentyno"), red plum type ("Solarino"), and yellow plum type ("Maggino"). From 120 to 243 days after transplant (DAT), Red/White/Blue LEDs were used as SL. The fruits harvested 180 DAT were analyzed and those obtained under LEDs had 3% more dry weight, 15% more total soluble solids, and 16% higher titratable acidity than fruits grown only under natural light. Generally, the antioxidant activity and the mineral profile of the fruits were not negatively influenced by SL. Lycopene content was unchanged and vitamin C content of "Sorentyno" even increased by 15% under LEDs. Overall, LEDs used as SL technology could be one of the tools used by agriculture in Mediterranean basin to produce more food maintaining high quality production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Davide Palmitessa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (O.D.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.); (S.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Sofia Caretto
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.); (S.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Milano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.); (S.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Massimiliano D’Imperio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Serio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Pietro Santamaria
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (O.D.P.); (P.S.)
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Verdoliva SG, Gwyn-Jones D, Detheridge A, Robson P. Controlled comparisons between soil and hydroponic systems reveal increased water use efficiency and higher lycopene and β-carotene contents in hydroponically grown tomatoes. SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 2021; 279:109896. [PMID: 33731973 PMCID: PMC7885021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.109896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There are many different types of systems used to grow food that are distinguished by ideology or the technology used. It is often difficult to directly compare yield and quality in different growth systems due to the complicated interactions between genotype, physiology and environment. Many published comparisons do not identify and acknowledge confounding factors. However, there is urgency to undertake controlled comparisons to identify the most efficient and effective food production systems, because the world faces considerable challenges to food supply with population rise, ongoing environmental degradation and the threat of climatic change. Here we compared soil with two hydroponic growth systems, drip irrigation and deep-water culture (DWC). It is often claimed that such systems differ in water use, yield and crop quality; however, such comparisons are often confounded by assessing plant and system parameters in different growth environments or where factors that are difficult to standardise between systems, such as nutrient status, are not controlled. We grew tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in the three growth systems in two replicated experiments, in either a polytunnel or glasshouse. We controlled and monitored water use and nutrient levels across all systems as different fertilizer applications can influence the nutritional values of produce. Plants in the two hydroponic systems transpired less water and were more water-efficient with a lower product water use than plants grown in soil. Fruit yield was similar and total soluble solids and sugar levels were not significantly different between the three growing systems. However, levels of lycopene and β-carotene were either similar or significantly higher in DWC compared to growth systems using soil or drip irrigation. Our results identify hydroponic systems as more water use efficient with DWC also capable of producing higher quality produce.
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Key Words
- CEA, Controlled environment agriculture
- DI, drip irrigation
- DW, dry weight
- DWC, deep water culture
- Deep Water culture
- EC, electrical conductivity
- Fertilization
- Hydroponic
- Lycopene
- NFT, Nutrient Film Technique
- PWU, product water use
- S, soil
- TAA, total antioxidant activity
- TSS, total soluble solids
- Tomato
- WUE, water use efficiency
- Water use efficiency
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Appolloni E, Orsini F, Pennisi G, Gabarrell Durany X, Paucek I, Gianquinto G. Supplemental LED Lighting Effectively Enhances the Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Truss Tomato Production: Results of a Meta-Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:596927. [PMID: 33995427 PMCID: PMC8118716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.596927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Intensive growing systems used for greenhouse tomato production, together with light interception by cladding materials or other devices, may induce intracanopy mutual shading and create suboptimal environmental conditions for plant growth. There are a large number of published peer-reviewed studies assessing the effects of supplemental light-emitting diode (LED) lighting on improving light distribution in plant canopies, increasing crop yields and producing qualitative traits. However, the research results are often contradictory, as the lighting parameters (e.g., photoperiod, intensity, and quality) and environmental conditions vary among conducted experiments. This research presents a global overview of supplemental LED lighting applications for greenhouse tomato production deepened by a meta-analysis aimed at answering the following research question: does supplemental LED lighting enhance the yield and qualitative traits of greenhouse truss tomato production? The meta-analysis was based on the differences among independent groups by comparing a control value (featuring either background solar light or solar + HPS light) with a treatment value (solar + supplemental LED light or solar + HPS + supplemental LED light, respectively) and included 31 published papers and 100 total observations. The meta-analysis results revealed the statistically significant positive effects (p-value < 0.001) of supplemental LED lighting on enhancing the yield (+40%), soluble solid (+6%) and ascorbic acid (+11%) contents, leaf chlorophyll content (+31%), photosynthetic capacity (+50%), and leaf area (+9%) compared to the control conditions. In contrast, supplemental LED lighting did not show a statistically significant effect on the leaf stomatal conductance (p-value = 0.171). In conclusion, in addition to some partial inconsistencies among the considered studies, the present research enables us to assert that supplemental LED lighting ameliorates the quantitative and qualitative aspects of greenhouse tomato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Appolloni
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Orsini
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Orsini
| | - Giuseppina Pennisi
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Xavier Gabarrell Durany
- María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence, Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Paucek
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gianquinto
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Aslani L, Gholami M, Mobli M, Sabzalian MR. The influence of altered sink-source balance on the plant growth and yield of greenhouse tomato. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2109-2123. [PMID: 33268917 PMCID: PMC7688802 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This experiment aimed to investigate the status of tomato plants in terms of sink or source-limitation of 2 cultivars of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), i.e., 'Grandella' and 'Isabella' under the greenhouse conditions of Iran and to improve the yield and plant growth by manipulating the sink-source balance. To this end, 4 treatments were applied: leaves were not pruned and fruits were pruned to one per truss (1F/3L), leaves were not pruned and fruits were pruned to two per truss (2F/3L), leaves were not pruned and fruits were pruned to three per truss (3F/3L) and no leaf and fruit pruning (control). The results showed that truss pruning reduced the sink demand and consequently, increased the amount of available assimilate for the growth of the remaining fruits or vegetative parts. The negative correlation between the leaf area index and the net assimilation rate and no significant difference in the net assimilation rate between different sink/source ratios showed that the excess leaf area index does not contribute in increasing the assimilate production and hence, total yield. Total fruit weight, harvest index, and the ratio of the ripe fruits to the total fruit led to the highest yield for control plants. No changes in chlorophyll, protein content and nitrate reductase activity were the evidence for the fact that sink/source ratio do not affect light-harvesting and light-utilizing components of photosynthesis. Since the individual weight of fruits increased with decreasing fruit number per trusses, the growth of individual fruits in both cultivars was source-limited and truss pruning can decrease this limitation. Future studies should be carried out to determine the best level of sink/source ratio that in addition to producing an acceptable amount of yield, meets the needs of consumers in the current stressful world by increasing the antioxidant and nutriceutical content of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Aslani
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Gholami
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Mobli
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran
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LED Lighting Systems for Horticulture: Business Growth and Global Distribution. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, research on light emitting diodes (LEDs) has highlighted their great potential as a lighting system for plant growth, development and metabolism control. The suitability of LED devices for plant cultivation has turned the technology into a main component in controlled or closed plant-growing environments, experiencing an extremely fast development of horticulture LED metrics. In this context, the present study aims to provide an insight into the current global horticulture LED industry and the present features and potentialities for LEDs’ applications. An updated review of this industry has been integrated through a database compilation of 301 manufacturers and 1473 LED lighting systems for plant growth. The research identifies Europe (40%) and North America (29%) as the main regions for production. Additionally, the current LED luminaires’ lifespans show 10 and 30% losses of light output after 45,000 and 60,000 working hours on average, respectively, while the vast majority of worldwide LED lighting systems present efficacy values ranging from 2 to 3 μmol J−1 (70%). Thus, an update on the status of the horticultural LED sector, LEDs’ applications and metrics, and the intense innovation are described and discussed.
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11
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Tran LT, Nguyen AT, Nguyen TT, Pham NT, Nguyen LT, Hoang LDN, Van Tran D, Nguyen MH. Dataset on the effects of spacing and fruit truss limitation on the growth, yield and quality of open-field tomato plants. Data Brief 2020; 32:106183. [PMID: 32904281 PMCID: PMC7452474 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents data on the effects of spacing and fruit truss limitation on tomato plant growth, yield and fruit quality. Plants with two, three, and four fruit trusses (T1-T3) were grown in four different spaces (S1-S4) to create 12 treatments. The experiment was conducted on an open field with a randomized complete block design and three replications. Data on fruit quantity, weight, and yield were collected to assess the effects of plant density and fruit truss limitation on tomato fruit produced and marketable fruit produced. This data could help develop a strategy for breeding new tomato cultivars for high density planting on the rice-based rotational crop systems in the Red River Delta of Vietnam and other similar sub-tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Thien Tran
- Department of Plant genetics and breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
- High quality research and development center, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Plant genetics and breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
- High quality research and development center, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Plant genetics and breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ngoc Thi Pham
- Department of Plant genetics and breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Tien Nguyen
- High quality research and development center, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Duc Nhat Hoang
- Research students, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc Van Tran
- Research students, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Hong Nguyen
- High quality research and development center, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Cao S, Han T, Li Q, Peng L, Zhao C, Tang Y, Xu J. Tunable spectrum resemblance of LED lights for improving the photosynthetic action of Chinese Cabbages. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 26:28-33. [PMID: 32718684 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To increase efficiency, and reduce energy loss and waste, we propose to improve the photosynthetic action spectrum resemblance (SRPAS) of LED light with the absorption spectra of the fresh leaf, for accelerating the growth of Chinese Cabbages. Eight spectral LED lights were adopted to irradiate Chinese Cabbages under 150 μmol•m-2 s-1 for a 16 hd-1 photoperiod. Of these, under the irradiation of blue + broad red + more yellow (BRY2) light with high spectrum resemblance of 75%, the fresh weight and dry weight are 5.1times and 3.0 times, respectively, and the leaf area and leaf number are 1.7 times, as high as under the blue light. The results demonstrate that the optimized LED light can be presumed to have the highest spectrum resemblance (SRPAS) with the absorption spectra of Chinese Cabbages, and the highest energy-conversion efficiency. These conclusions may be of great benefit to further assess and find either an ideal light applied for plant growth or design of better light sources for growing different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiu Cao
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Han
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Peng
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Tang
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People's Republic of China
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Pan T, Wang Y, Wang L, Ding J, Cao Y, Qin G, Yan L, Xi L, Zhang J, Zou Z. Increased CO 2 and light intensity regulate growth and leaf gas exchange in tomato. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:694-708. [PMID: 31376304 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide concentration (CO2 ) and light intensity are known to play important roles in plant growth and carbon assimilation. Nevertheless, the underlying physiological mechanisms have not yet been fully explored. Tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Jingpeng No. 1) were exposed to two levels of CO2 and three levels of light intensity and the effects on growth, leaf gas exchange and water use efficiency were investigated. Elevated CO2 and increased light intensity promoted growth, dry matter accumulation and pigment concentration and together the seedling health index. Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on leaf nitrogen content but did significantly upregulate Calvin cycle enzyme activity. Increased CO2 and light intensity promoted photosynthesis, both on a leaf-area basis and on a chlorophyll basis. Increased CO2 also increased light-saturated maximum photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency and carboxylation efficiency and, together with increased light intensity, it raised photosynthetic capacity. However, increased CO2 reduced transpiration and water consumption across different levels of light intensity, thus significantly increasing both leaf-level and plant-level water use efficiency. Among the range of treatments imposed, the combination of increased CO2 (800 µmol CO2 mol-1 ) and high light intensity (400 µmol m-2 s-1 ) resulted in optimal growth and carbon assimilation. We conclude that the combination of increased CO2 and increased light intensity worked synergistically to promote growth, photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency by upregulation of pigment concentration, Calvin cycle enzyme activity, light energy use and CO2 fixation. Increased CO2 also lowered transpiration and hence water usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghua Pan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Linghui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Juanjuan Ding
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yanfei Cao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gege Qin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lulu Yan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Linjie Xi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhirong Zou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
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