1
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Jain R, Singh MK, Ali N, Khan MR, Bajaj A, Mudiam MKR. Innovative disposable in-tip cellulose paper (DICP) device for facile determination of pesticides in postmortem blood samples: A proof-of-concept study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1245:124268. [PMID: 39126993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Accurately identifying and quantifying toxicants is crucial for medico-legal investigations in forensic toxicology; however, low analyte concentrations and the complex samples matrix make this work difficult. Therefore, a simplified sample preparation procedure is crucial to streamline the analysis to minimize sample handling errors, reduce cost and improve the overall efficiency of analysis of toxicants. To address these challenges, an innovative disposable in-tip cellulose paper (DICP) device has been developed for the extraction of three pesticides viz. Chlorpyrifos, Quinalphos and Carbofuran from postmortem blood samples. The DICP device leverages cellulose paper strips housed within a pipette tip to streamline the extraction process, significantly reducing solvent usage, time, and labor while maintaining high analytical accuracy. The extraction of pesticides from postmortem blood using the DICP device involves a streamlined process characterized by adsorption and desorption. The diluted blood samples were processed through the DICP device via repeated aspirating and dispensing calyces to adsorb the pesticides onto the cellulose paper. The adsorbed pesticides are then eluted using acetone, which is collected for GC-MS analysis. The method was meticulously optimized, achieving a limit of quantification in the range of 0.009-0.01 µg mL-1. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were consistently less than 5 % and 10 %, respectively, with accuracy ranging from 94-106 %. Relative recoveries for the analytes were observed to be between 60 % and 93.3 %, and matrix effects were determined to be less than 10 %. The method's sustainability was validated with a whiteness score of 98.8, an AGREE score of 0.64, a BAGI score of 70 and ComplexMoGAPI score of 77. Applicability was demonstrated through successful analysis of real postmortem blood samples and proficiency testing samples, highlighting its potential utility in forensic toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Jain
- Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Directorate of Forensic Science Services, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Dakshin Marg, Sector - 36A, Chandigarh 160036, India.
| | - Mukesh Kumar Singh
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Sector-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram 122016, Haryana, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atul Bajaj
- Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Directorate of Forensic Science Services, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Dakshin Marg, Sector - 36A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Sector-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram 122016, Haryana, India; Analytical & Structural Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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2
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Matos F, Castanheira F, Barroso M, Antunes M, Franco J, Fonseca S. Development and validation of a multi-substance method for routine analysis of pesticides in post-mortem samples by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116176. [PMID: 38701535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides play an important role in forensic toxicology and are usually classified as a single class of chemicals. Despite their commonly perceived unity, pesticides encompass a spectrum of compounds, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids or organochlorines, among others, each with varying degrees of toxicity. Pesticide analysis in post-mortem samples can be difficult due to the complexity of the samples and to the high toxicity of these compounds. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an easy to use, sensitive, and robust method, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to be incorporated in the routine flow for pesticide analysis in post-mortem blood samples. Described herein is a streamlined, expeditious, yet highly efficient method facilitating the screening, qualitative assessment, and quantitative confirmation of 15 pesticides, including acetamiprid, azinphos-ethyl, bendiocarb, carbofuran, chlorfenvinphos, dimethoate, imidaclopride, malathion, methiocarb, methomyl, parathion, pirimicarb, strychnine, tetrachlorvinphos, and thiacloprid in post-mortem blood, recognizing the pivotal role blood plays in forensic investigations. The developed method was linear from 10 to 200 ng/mL; limits of detection were between 1 and 10 ng/mL, depending on the compound; it was successfully evaluated a dilution ratio of 1-2, 5 and 10; and 8 substances showed maximum stability for the time interval studied. This UHPLC-MS/MS method is useful and a powerful tool in a toxicology lab because it is fast, simple, effective, and trustworthy. The results of this validation highlight the robustness of the analytical method, providing a valuable tool for the accurate and sensitive detection of pesticides in post-mortem blood. Poised for routine implementation, this method has already found success in suspected intoxication cases, promising to elevate the standards of forensic pesticide analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Matos
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, I.P., Delegação do Sul, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Castanheira
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, I.P., Delegação do Centro, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, I.P., Delegação do Sul, Portugal
| | - Mónica Antunes
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, I.P., Delegação do Sul, Portugal; CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - João Franco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, I.P., Delegação do Sul, Portugal
| | - Suzana Fonseca
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, I.P., Delegação do Sul, Portugal
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3
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Rial-Berriel C, Ramos-Luzardo Á, Acosta-Dacal A, Macías-Montes A, Fernández-Valerón P, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Zumbado M, Boada LD, Luzardo OP. Validation of a Method Scope Extension for Simple Biomonitoring of 353 Pollutants in Serum Samples. TOXICS 2023; 11:498. [PMID: 37368598 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Animals and humans are exposed to various residues that can have a detrimental impact on health, including carcinogenic potential, endocrine disruption, or fatal toxicity. The toxic burden can be evaluated in several biological samples, with serum being one of the preferred and most convenient options. In this study, we have applied and validated a method for detecting several hundred toxins in serum samples. This technique involved a single-step QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction followed by analysis using gas and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. With this methodology, we could detect and quantify up to 353 compounds, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs), pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and rodenticides, using just 250 µL of serum. Among them, 92% could be measured at concentrations below 1.25 ng/mL, making it ideal for biomonitoring. We applied this method to samples collected from camels (n = 40) and humans (n = 25). We detected naproxen, ketoprofen, paracetamol, levamisole, and some POPs in these samples. This study validated the ability to simultaneously detect a broad range of compounds in small volumes of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Rial-Berriel
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Álvaro Ramos-Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Andrea Acosta-Dacal
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana Macías-Montes
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar Fernández-Valerón
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Chłopaś-Konowałek A, Zawadzki M, Kurach Ł, Wachełko O, Ciaputa R, Tusiewicz K, Szpot P. Simultaneous poisoning of 48 birds of prey – bendiocarb determination with the use of UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method in fatal case from Eastern Europe. ARCHIVES OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND CRIMINOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4467/16891716amsik.22.009.16807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Bendiocarb is used against a wide range of insects but has already been withdrawn from the market in some countries. It poses a high risk to birds as they can accidentally ingest it while searching for food, followed by toxic effects. This paper presents the results of toxicological and histopathological studies of 48 cases of intentional birds of prey poisoning with bendiocarb in Eastern Europe, specifically Poland.
Materials and methods: A novel ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for bendiocarb determination in animal liver samples was developed and fully validated. The sample preparation technique was based on one-step precipitation of proteins with cold acetonitrile. The internal standard used was carbaryl-d7. Full time of analysis was less than 10 minutes. The application of the UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method allowed us to achieve the lowest LOQ (1 ng/g) of bendiocarb in biological samples to date.
Results: Necropsies and histopathological examinations of common ravens (Corvus corax), western marsh harriers (Circus aeruginosus), red kites (Milvus milvus), and a white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) revealed multi-organ toxicity manifested as congestion, oedema, or stagnation of blood. An analytical investigation confirmed the presence of bendiocarb in liver in the 1808–7721 ng/g range. Furthermore, the presence of this compound was qualitatively confirmed in the stomach and beak contents and also in the bait located near the deceased animals.
Conclusions: A comprehensive forensic examination is crucial to monitor wildlife fatalities, especially applying a combined analytical and histopathological approach to identify and eliminate highly toxic substances which pose a threat to the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Zawadzki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kurach
- Medical University of Lublin, Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Ciaputa
- Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kaja Tusiewicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Paweł Szpot
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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5
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Kumar S, Baggi TR, Al-Zughaibi T. Forensic toxicological and analytical aspects of carbamate poisoning – A review. J Forensic Leg Med 2022; 92:102450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2022.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Kumar D, Sinha SN, Ungarala R, Mungamuri SK, Kasturi V. A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of multi‐residual pesticides in blood. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dileshwar Kumar
- Division of Food Safety Indian Council of Medical Research ‐ National Institute of Nutrition Jamai‐Osmania Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Sukesh Narayan Sinha
- Division of Food Safety Indian Council of Medical Research ‐ National Institute of Nutrition Jamai‐Osmania Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Ramakrishna Ungarala
- Division of Food Safety Indian Council of Medical Research ‐ National Institute of Nutrition Jamai‐Osmania Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Sathish Kumar Mungamuri
- Division of Food Safety Indian Council of Medical Research ‐ National Institute of Nutrition Jamai‐Osmania Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Vasudev Kasturi
- Division of Food Safety Indian Council of Medical Research ‐ National Institute of Nutrition Jamai‐Osmania Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
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7
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Silva TLR, de Queiroz MELR, de Oliveira AF, Rodrigues AAZ, Neves AA, Vieira PAF, de Queiroz JH, Barbosa VODP. Microextraction technique associated with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determining pesticide residues in urine. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:165-175. [PMID: 35175180 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2038505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urine is one of the biological matrices most used for detecting human contamination, as it is representative and easily obtained via noninvasive sampling. This study proposes a fast, accurate, and ecological method based on liquid-liquid microextraction with low-temperature partition (μLLE/LTP). It was validated to determine nine pesticides (lindane, alachlor, aldrin, chlorpyrifos, dieldrin, endrin, DDT, bifenthrin, and permethrin) in human urine, in association with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The technique was optimized through a factorial design. The best conditions for the simultaneous extraction of the analytes comprised the addition of 600 µL of water and 600 µL of acetonitrile (extracting solvent) to a 500-µL urine sample, followed by vortexing for 60 s. By freezing the samples for 4 h, it was possible to extract the pesticides and perform the extract clean-up simultaneously. The parameters selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy were used to appraise the performance of the method. Good values of selectivity and linearity (R2 > 0.990), LOQ (0.39-1.02 μg L-1), accuracy (88-119% recovery), and precision (%CV ≤ 15%) were obtained. The μLLE/LTP-GC-MS method was applied to authentic urine samples collected from volunteers in Southeast Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís L R Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra A Z Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio Augusto Neves
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A F Vieira
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Humberto de Queiroz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Pedersen TL, Smilowitz JT, Winter CK, Emami S, Schmidt RJ, Bennett DH, Hertz-Picciotto I, Taha AY. Quantification of Nonpersistent Pesticides in Small Volumes of Human Breast Milk with Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6676-6689. [PMID: 34098718 PMCID: PMC8422964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Existing methods for the analysis of pesticides in human breast milk involve multiple extraction steps requiring large sample and solvent volumes, which can be a major obstacle in large epidemiologic studies. Here, we developed a simple, low-volume method for extracting organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, atrazine, and imidacloprid from 100 to 200 μL of human breast milk. Multiple extraction protocols were tested including microwave-assisted acid/base digestion and double-solvent extraction with 2 or 20 mL of 2:1 (v/v) dichloromethane/hexane, with or without subsequent solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Analyte recoveries and reproducibility were highest when 100-200 μL of milk were extracted with 2 mL of dichloromethane/hexane without subsequent SPE steps. Analysis of 79 breast milk samples using this method revealed the presence of carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and imidacloprid at detection frequencies of 79-96, 53-90, 1-7, and 61%, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a simple low-volume extraction method for measuring pesticides in human breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Pedersen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616, California, United States
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Carl K Winter
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Shiva Emami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616, California, United States
- University of California-Davis, MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento 95817, California, United States
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616, California, United States
- University of California-Davis, MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento 95817, California, United States
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616, California, United States
- NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616, California, United States
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9
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Acosta-Dacal A, Rial-Berriel C, Díaz-Díaz R, Bernal-Suárez MDM, Luzardo OP. Optimization and validation of a QuEChERS-based method for the simultaneous environmental monitoring of 218 pesticide residues in clay loam soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142015. [PMID: 33207465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A modified QuEChERS method was optimized, validated and verified for the extraction of 218 pesticide residues in agricultural soil samples. The 218 analytes are extracted using a single step, without clean-up, with matrix-matched calibration, and two complementary techniques: liquid and gas chromatography tandem triple quad mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS). Some of the parameters such as salts, acidity of the extraction solvent, sample moisture and some mechanical changes in the procedure were optimized to improve the overall performance for the target compounds and the soil matrix. The method was fully validated on a representative agricultural soil sample of the Canary Islands (clay loam soil) in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision. To avoid matrix effects, matrix-matched calibration curves (R2 ≥ 0.99) were used for all target analytes. 100% of the compounds can be quantified with limits of quantification (LOQ) lower than the limit typically used in soils (50 ng g-1), with 92% of compounds presenting a LOQ that is at least 10 times lower than that normally required. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged between 0.024 and 6.25 ng g-1. The validated method was applied to a series of actual samples of agricultural soil (n = 18). In addition, as a further verification of its potential, the results of the application of the method in the investigation of clay loam soil samples that were obtained from underneath wildlife carcasses in the context of an environmental forensic investigation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Acosta-Dacal
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Cristian Rial-Berriel
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ricardo Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Technological Institute of the Canary Islands, C/Los Cactus no 68 35118, Polígono Industrial de Arinaga, Agüimes, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Bernal-Suárez
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Technological Institute of the Canary Islands, C/Los Cactus no 68 35118, Polígono Industrial de Arinaga, Agüimes, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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10
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Rial-Berriel C, Acosta-Dacal A, Zumbado M, Luzardo OP. Micro QuEChERS-based method for the simultaneous biomonitoring in whole blood of 360 toxicologically relevant pollutants for wildlife. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139444. [PMID: 32485368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the optimization, validation, and verification of a miniaturized method for the determination of 360 environmental pollutants that are of toxicological concern for wildlife. The method implies a one-step QuEChERS-based extraction of 250 μl whole blood using acidified acetonitrile, followed by two complementary analyses by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. The optimized conditions allow the simultaneous determination of the major persistent organic pollutants, a wide range of plant protection products, rodenticides, pharmaceuticals, and a suite of metabolites that can be used as biomarkers of exposure. The method is very sensitive, and 95% of the pollutants can be detected at concentrations below 1.5 ng/ml. The method was applied to a series of 148 samples of nocturnal and diurnal wild raptors collected during field ecological studies in 2018 and 2019. Fifty-one different contaminants were found in these samples, with a median value of 7 contaminants per sample. As expected, five of the six contaminants that were detected in >50% of the samples were persistent or semi-persistent organic pollutants. However, it is striking the high frequency of detection of some non-persistent pollutants, such as 2-phenylphenol, benalaxyl, metaflumizone, diphenylamine, brodifacoum or levamisole, indicating the penetration of these chemicals into the food chains. The toxicological significance of all these findings should be studied in depth in future research. However, the results clearly demonstrated that the approach developed provides reliable, simple, and rapid determination of a wide range of pollutants in wildlife and makes it very useful to obtain valuable data in biomonitoring studies with only small amounts of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Rial-Berriel
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Study Group on Wild Animal Conservation Medicine (GEMAS), Spain
| | - Andrea Acosta-Dacal
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Study Group on Wild Animal Conservation Medicine (GEMAS), Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain.
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11
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Rial-Berriel C, Acosta-Dacal A, González F, Pastor-Tiburón N, Zumbado M, Luzardo OP. Supporting dataset on the validation and verification of the analytical method for the biomonitoring of 360 toxicologically relevant pollutants in whole blood. Data Brief 2020; 31:105878. [PMID: 32671142 PMCID: PMC7339027 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dataset presented in this article supports "Micro QuEChERS-based method for the simultaneous biomonitoring in whole blood of 360 toxicologically relevant pollutants for wildlife" (Rial-Berriel et al., 2020). The supplementary data are: (1) Detailed validation data of the LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods for the quantification of 360 chemicals covering bias and precision (intra- and inter-day variability) for retention times, linearity, and limits of quantification. (2) Graphical data of the matrix effects on the quantification of all of the analytes. (3) Individual data of the 51 chemicals detected in real whole blood samples from two raptor species: 36 barn owls (Tyto alba) and 112 common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Rial-Berriel
- Toxicology Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Study Group on Wild Animal Conservation Medicine (GEMAS), Spain
| | - Andrea Acosta-Dacal
- Toxicology Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Fernando González
- Study Group on Wild Animal Conservation Medicine (GEMAS), Spain.,GREFA (Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Hábitat), Ctra. Monte del Pilar s/n, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Pastor-Tiburón
- Study Group on Wild Animal Conservation Medicine (GEMAS), Spain.,GREFA (Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Hábitat), Ctra. Monte del Pilar s/n, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Study Group on Wild Animal Conservation Medicine (GEMAS), Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain
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12
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Salvador A, Carrière R, Ayciriex S, Margoum C, Leblanc Y, Lemoine J. Scout-multiple reaction monitoring: A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry approach for multi-residue pesticide analysis without time scheduling. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Organophosphorus pesticide determination in biological specimens: bioanalytical and toxicological aspects. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:1763-1784. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Development of “Quick-DB forensic”: A total workflow from QuEChERS-dSPE method to GC–MS/MS quantification of forensically relevant drugs and pesticides in whole blood. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 300:125-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Fluorescence sensor for facile and visual detection of organophosphorus pesticides using AIE fluorogens-SiO2-MnO2 sandwich nanocomposites. Talanta 2019; 198:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Zhang WJ, Li D, Xu Y, Jiang Z, Chen Y, Wang P. Synthesis and Application of Novel Molecularly Imprinted Solid Phase Extraction Materials Based on Carbon Nanotubes for Determination of Carbofuran in Human Serum by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5105-5112. [PMID: 31034223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were synthesized using carbofuran as template, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as cross-liking agent, respectively. Characterization results showed that the carbofuran MIPs have been successfully grafted onto the surface of MWNTs as a thin layer with high stability. The results of adsorption dynamics indicated that the synthesized MWNT-MIPs displayed a biphase adsorption profile and good selective recognition to carbofuran with equilibrium adsorption of 106.2 mg/g. The MWNTs-MIPs synthesized were further applied as the adsorbent material of solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the pretreatment of carbofuran in human serum, analyzed using high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The recoveries obtained ranged from 89.0 ± 4.8 to 93.6 ± 3.2, showing that the MWNTs-MIPs-SPE system developed have specific recognition toward carbofuran. Results above indicated that the proposed system filled with synthesized MWNTs-MIPs provided a fast and selective extraction of carbofuran in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ji Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine , Criminal Investigation Police University of China , Shenyang 110035 , P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Forensic Chemistry , Criminal Investigation Police University of China , Shenyang 110035 , P. R. China
| | - Yingjian Xu
- Department of Forensic Chemistry , Criminal Investigation Police University of China , Shenyang 110035 , P. R. China
| | - Zhaolin Jiang
- Department of Forensic Chemistry , Criminal Investigation Police University of China , Shenyang 110035 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Forensic Chemistry , Criminal Investigation Police University of China , Shenyang 110035 , P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine , Criminal Investigation Police University of China , Shenyang 110035 , P. R. China
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17
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Cakir O. A molecularly imprinted nanofilm‐based quartz crystal microbalance sensor for the real‐time detection of pirimicarb. J Mol Recognit 2019; 32:e2785. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Cakir
- Science and Technology Application and Research CenterDicle University Diyarbakır Turkey
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18
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ÇAKIR O. Chlorpyrifos Detection with Molecular Imprinted Based Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.21597/jist.451256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Soares S, Castro T, Rosado T, Fernández N, Barroso M, Gallardo E. New analytical approach to determine organophosphorus insecticides in blood by dried matrix spots sampling and GC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7955-7964. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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ÇAKIR O, BAKHSHPOUR M, YILMAZ F, BAYSAL Z. Preparation of Nanoparticle-Amplified Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Based on Molecular Imprinting for Pesticide Determination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.21597/jist.458636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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An effective and high-throughput analytical methodology for pesticide screening in human urine by disposable pipette extraction and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:459-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Al-Qasmi N, Hameed A, Khan AN, Aslam M, Ismail IM, Soomro MT. Mercury meniscus on solid silver amalgam electrode as a sensitive electrochemical sensor for tetrachlorvinphos. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Weng S, Wang F, Dong R, Qiu M, Zhao J, Huang L, Zhang D. Fast and Quantitative Analysis of Ediphenphos Residue in Rice Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. J Food Sci 2018. [PMID: 29538797 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Detection of residual farm chemicals in agricultural crops is a hot topic in the field of food safety. In this study, ediphenphos residue in rice was detected using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on a portable Raman spectrometer. A simple pretreatment method for rice samples was developed, and uniform gold nanorods were used for SERS measurement. Characteristic signals can still be detected when ediphenphos concentration in rice extraction solution was higher than or equal to 0.1 mg/L. Quantitative analysis of ediphenphos was conducted by regression models developed using partial least-squares regression, random forest and kernel principal component analysis, and root-mean-square error of cross validation, coefficient of determination and relative predicted deviation of optimal model were 0.022 mg/L, 0.9967 and 297.45, which indicated the proposed method can predict ediphenphos concentration with high precision. To validate the feasibility of practical application further, rice samples spiked with 10, 5, 1, 0.5, and 0.1 μg/g ediphenphos residue were analyzed using the above method. The predicted recovery was in the range of 93.4% to 102%, and the predicted error was small for residue of each concentration. These results demonstrated that the presented method could be used for accurate and quantitative detection of ediphenphos residue in rice. PRACTICAL APPLICATION This study developed a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for detection of ediphenphos in rice coupled with simple extraction protocol and gold nanorods on a portable Raman spectrometer. SERS is a rapid and accurate method which can be applied in agricultural grain safety inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhuang Weng
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Big Data, Anhui Univ., 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Big Data, Anhui Univ., 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronglu Dong
- Hefei Inst. of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqing Qiu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Big Data, Anhui Univ., 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Zhao
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Big Data, Anhui Univ., 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsheng Huang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Big Data, Anhui Univ., 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Big Data, Anhui Univ., 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
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24
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Mainero Rocca L, Cecca J, L'Episcopo N, Fabrizi G. Ambient mass spectrometry: Direct analysis of dimethoate, tebuconazole, and trifloxystrobin on olive and vine leaves by desorption electrospray ionization interface. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:709-719. [PMID: 28762560 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A new field of application for a relatively new mass-spectrometric interface such as desorption electrospray ionization was evaluated. For this purpose, its behavior was tested versus quantitative analysis of dimethoate, trifloxystrobin, and tebuconazole directly on olive and vine leaves surface. The goal was workers exposure assessment during field re-entry operations since evidence suggests an association between chronic occupational exposure to some agrochemicals and severe adverse effects. Desorption electrospray ionization gave good response working in positive ionization mode, while numerous test were necessary for the choice of a unique blend of spray solvents suitable for all 3 substances. The best compromise, in terms of signal to noise ratios, was obtained with the CH3 OH/H2 O (80:20) mixture. The obvious difficulties related to the impossibility to use the internal standard were overcome through an accurate validation. Limits of detection and quantitation, dynamic ranges, matrix effects, and intraday precisions were calculated, and a small monitoring campaign was arranged to test method applicability and to evaluate potential dermal exposure. This protocol was developed in work safety field, but after a brief investigation, it was find to be suitable also for food residue evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mainero Rocca
- Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL)-Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Chemical Agents Laboratory, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Juri Cecca
- Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL)-Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Chemical Agents Laboratory, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Nunziata L'Episcopo
- Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL)-Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Chemical Agents Laboratory, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fabrizi
- Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL)-Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Chemical Agents Laboratory, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
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25
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Taliansky-Chamudis A, Gómez-Ramírez P, León-Ortega M, García-Fernández AJ. Validation of a QuECheRS method for analysis of neonicotinoids in small volumes of blood and assessment of exposure in Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo) nestlings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:93-100. [PMID: 28376431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticides have gained great interest in the last years both for agricultural and domestic use. Since the information on their environmental distribution or the effects derived from exposure to ecosystems and biota is scarce, new analytical techniques are being developed for monitoring studies. In this sense, two extraction techniques based on QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) methodology to detect the neonicotinoids authorised in Spain (acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, nitenpyram and thiamethoxam) were adapted and compared: a) using acetate buffer (AB); and b) using citrate buffer (CB). For detection and quantification, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/TOF-MS) was used. The CB method provided a wide range of recoveries (68-134%) and accuracy (4-9%). The AB method provided good recoveries (59-76%, 59% corresponded to clothianidin) precision (4-11%) linearity (0.987-0.998%) and limit of quantification (2-10ng/mL) for all the compounds. To test the effectiveness of the technique, we analysed 30 blood samples of free-ranging nestlings of Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo). The only compound detected, in one nestling from a dry land farming area, was imidacloprid, with a concentration of 3.28ng/mL. To our knowledge, this is the first study of neonicotinoid pesticides in free-ranging birds of prey using non-destructive samples, providing the first insight for biomonitoring studies. Further studies, including toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, are recommended to assess the risk for these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taliansky-Chamudis
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - P Gómez-Ramírez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - M León-Ortega
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A J García-Fernández
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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26
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Endosulfan poisoning: An overview. J Forensic Leg Med 2017; 51:27-33. [PMID: 28734199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endosulfan, an organochlorine (OC) insecticide, is a widely used agricultural pesticide, despite its life threatening toxic effects. In this review, the pharmacokinetics of endosulfan, mechanism of endosulfan toxicity, clinical presentations and management, histopathological findings, and toxicological analysis are described, in addition to its environmental toxicity. The toxic effects of endosulfan can affect many organs and systems presenting in a wide array of signs and symptoms. Although termed a restricted OC-classed pesticide, it continues to be used, especially in the developing world, owing to its beneficial effects on agriculture. Several cases of endosulfan poisoning have been reported from different regions of the world. Whether accidental or intentional, endosulfan ingestion proves to be fatal unless immediate, aggressive treatment is initiated. Management is mainly supportive as no antidote exists for endosulfan poisoning as yet. The use of endosulfan needs to be strictly regulated and eventually banned worldwide altogether to lower the current morbidity and mortality resulting from this pesticide. Additionally, monitoring biological samples, using non-invasive techniques such as breast milk sampling, can provide an effective method of observing the elimination of this environmentally persistent organic pollutant from the general population.
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27
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Saeed MF, Shaheen M, Ahmad I, Zakir A, Nadeem M, Chishti AA, Shahid M, Bakhsh K, Damalas CA. Pesticide exposure in the local community of Vehari District in Pakistan: An assessment of knowledge and residues in human blood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 587-588:137-144. [PMID: 28237471 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study is based on cross-sectional data collected from rural and market areas of Vehari District in Pakistan to assess public awareness of pesticide risks and determine the levels of exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the local community. Blood samples were collected from 56 volunteer donors (VDs) including children, female workers, farm workers involved in pesticide business, farm workers involved in pesticide spraying activities, and people who were living away from agricultural fields. Blood analysis showed that VDs who were involved in spraying activities had significantly higher levels of OCP residues in their blood samples than VDs from the other groups, with mean concentrations of 1.13, 0.92, 0.68 and 1.96ngmL-1 for pp-DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, and endosulfan, respectively. However, VDs who were living away from agricultural fields had significantly lower levels of pesticide residues in their blood samples, with mean concentrations of 0.30, 0.19, 0.14 and 0.41ngmL-1 for pp-DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, and endosulfan, respectively. A survey of 179 volunteer respondents (VRs) showed that a significant proportion of the VRs had little knowledge of using the recommended amounts of pesticides (65.9%). Furthermore, the majority of the VRs was found using limited protective measures during pesticide use (62.6%) and was practising unsafe storage of pesticides (87.7%). In addition, most farm workers (88.8%) reported an increasing trend in pesticide use in their farms each year. Knowledge of pesticide risks on human health increased with formal education and training. Poor knowledge regarding pesticide risks and handling among inhabitants of Vehari District contribute to high exposure levels to OCPs, particularly among farm workers. Findings are useful for policy formulation aimed at reduction of pesticide exposure in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhan Saeed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan.
| | - Mussarat Shaheen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zakir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Arif Ali Chishti
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Khuda Bakhsh
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Christos A Damalas
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68200 Orestiada, Greece.
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Ozcan C, Cebi UK, Gurbuz MA, Ozer S. Residue Analysis and Determination of IMI Herbicides in Sunflower and Soil by GC–MS. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Byliński H, Gębicki J, Dymerski T, Namieśnik J. Direct Analysis of Samples of Various Origin and Composition Using Specific Types of Mass Spectrometry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:340-358. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1298986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Byliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Gębicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dymerski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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30
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Biosensors and their applications in detection of organophosphorus pesticides in the environment. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:109-130. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Remane D, Wissenbach DK, Peters FT. Recent advances of liquid chromatography–(tandem) mass spectrometry in clinical and forensic toxicology — An update. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:1051-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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