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Pandey P, Chowdhury D, Wang Y. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Approach for Microbial Shift Analysis in Thermophilic and Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestions. Gels 2024; 10:339. [PMID: 38786256 PMCID: PMC11120850 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To determine the evolution of microbial community and microbial shift under anaerobic processes, this study investigates the use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). In the DGGE, short- and medium-sized DNA fragments are separated based on their melting characteristics, and this technique is used in this study to understand the dominant bacterial community in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion processes. Dairy manure is known for emitting greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as methane, and GHG emissions from manure is a biological process that is largely dependent on the manure conditions, microbial community presence in manure, and their functions. Additional efforts are needed to understand the GHG emissions from manure and develop control strategies to minimize the biological GHG emissions from manure. To study the microbial shift during anaerobic processes responsible for GHG emission, we conducted a series of manure anaerobic digestion experiments, and these experiments were conducted in lab-scale reactors operated under various temperature conditions (28 °C, 36 °C, 44 °C, and 52 °C). We examined the third variable region (V3) of the 16S rRNA gene fingerprints of bacterial presence in anaerobic environment by PCR amplification and DGGE separation. Results showed that bacterial community was affected by the temperature conditions and anaerobic incubation time of manure. The microbial community structure of the original manure changed over time during anaerobic processes, and the community composition changed substantially with the temperature of the anaerobic process. At Day 0, the sequence similarity confirmed that most of the bacteria were similar (>95%) to Acinetobacter sp. (strain: ATCC 31012), a Gram-negative bacteria, regardless of temperature conditions. At day 7, the sequence similarity of DNA fragments of reactors (28 °C) was similar to Acinetobacter sp.; however, the DNA fragments of effluent of reactors at 44 °C and 52 °C were similar to Coprothermobacter proteolyticus (strain: DSM 5265) (similarity: 97%) and Tepidimicrobium ferriphilum (strain: DSM 16624) (similarity: 100%), respectively. At day 60, the analysis showed that DNA fragments of effluent of 28 °C reactor were similar to Galbibacter mesophilus (strain: NBRC 10162) (similarity: 87%), and DNA fragments of effluent of 36 °C reactors were similar to Syntrophomonas curvata (strain: GB8-1) (similarity: 91%). In reactors with a relatively higher temperature, the DNA fragments of effluent of 44 °C reactor were similar to Dielma fastidiosa (strain: JC13) (similarity: 86%), and the DNA fragments of effluent of 52 °C reactor were similar to Coprothermobacter proteolyticus (strain: DSM 5265) (similarity: 99%). To authors' knowledge, this is one of the few studies where DGGE-based approach is utilized to study and compare microbial shifts under mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestions of manure simultaneously. While there were challenges in identifying the bands during gradient gel electrophoresis, the joint use of DGGE and sequencing tool can be potentially useful for illustrating and comparing the change in microbial community structure under complex anaerobic processes and functionality of microbes for understanding the consequential GHG emissions from manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Pandey
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Dhrubajyoti Chowdhury
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.C.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.C.); (Y.W.)
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Carmona I, Aguirre I, Griffith DM, García-Borrego A. Towards a circular economy in virgin olive oil production: Valorization of the olive mill waste (OMW) "alpeorujo" through polyphenol recovery with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) and vermicomposting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162198. [PMID: 36791855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Virgin olive oil (VOO) production generates large amounts of a harmful by-product, olive mill waste (OMW) or alpeorujo, which has a strong environmental impact and that must be recycled to adapt VOO production to a circular economy model. Here, the valorization of OMW was studied by considering three consecutive stages: Stage 1 involves the generation of OMW; Stage 2 the recovery of bioactive phenolic compounds from the fresh OMW using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs), generating a valuable phenolic extract and a new by-product, a dephenolized OMW named "alpeoNADES"; and Stage 3 involves vermicomposting alpeoNADES with Eisenia fetida earthworms. Six NADES were formulated and tested, selecting a NADES composed of citric acid and fructose (CF) derived from food grade and biodegradable substances. CF was the most effective solvent to obtain phenolic extracts for nutraceutical and agronomical purposes, extracting 3988.74 mg/kg of polyphenols from fresh OMW. This alpeoNADES is a non-palatable substrate for E. fetida earthworms, as the residual CF gives it an acidic pH (pH 2). Its palatability was improved by mixing it with horse manure and straw for vermicomposting, in a 1:1 and 3:1 dry weight ratio. When these substrates were precomposted for 3 weeks they reached pH 5.5-6 and they could then be vermicomposted for 23 weeks (using OMW as a control). The best substrate for vermicomposting was determined by the worm biomass, growth rate, carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio, and N and P content. AlpeoNADES and manure 3:1 produced the highest quality vermicompost in the shortest time, generating a product that complied with European standards for organic fertilizers. Hence, alpeoNADES was recycled to a low-cost, organic balanced fertilizer in Stage 3, enabling the olive oil industry to transition to sustainable production through this integrated circular economy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Carmona
- EcoSs_Lab, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, 1101608 Loja, Ecuador; Department of Agronomy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Itziar Aguirre
- Department of Agronomy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel M Griffith
- EcoSs_Lab, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, 1101608 Loja, Ecuador
| | - Aranzazu García-Borrego
- Department of Food Phytochemicals, Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain.
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Srivastava V, Squartini A, Masi A, Sarkar A, Singh RP. Metabarcoding analysis of the bacterial succession during vermicomposting of municipal solid waste employing the earthworm Eisenia fetida. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144389. [PMID: 33429300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A culture-independent DNA metabarcoding analysis of the bacterial communities was carried out throughout a complete vermicomposting cycle of municipal solid waste material using the earthworm Eisenia fetida. 16S rRNA amplicons from the initial material (0 days), an intermediate (42 days), and a final stage (84 days) were sequenced in an Illumina NGS platform and compared. A steady increase in community diversity was observed corresponding to a 2.5-fold higher taxa richness and correspondingly risen values of the Shannon and Simpson ecological indexes and the evenness parameter. A total of 49,665 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were counted. From the qualitative standpoint, a clear successional shift was observed with an initial community dominated by putatively plant-associated groups belonging to the Rhizobiales order within the Alphaproteobacteria class, regressively leaving the scores of relative abundance (RA) to the Firmicutes phylum and in particular to the Bacilli. Vermistabilization of municipal solid waste (MSW) increased (p < 0.001) the TKN and total P content in the final vermicompost, while pH, TOC, and C/N ratio declined (p < 0.001) in the process. Likewise, a progressive decrease was noticed in β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and urease activity while protease and dehydrogenase showed a slight increase, followed by a steep fall. A strong positive correlation was observed among the canonical functions of physico-chemical attributes and enzyme activities. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that significant families did not change on the temporal scale; however, their abundance was influenced by the abiotic environmental factors. In comparison to prior studies on vermicomposting that used different earthworm species (Eisenia andrei) and different substrates, results reflect a considerable degree of substrate specificity for the earthworm species used. The results offer clues to optimize the vermistabilization of MSW along with its potential use in agriculture, to foster improved levels of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Srivastava
- Department of Environment & Sustainable Development, Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India.
| | - Rajeev Pratap Singh
- Department of Environment & Sustainable Development, Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Singh A, Karmegam N, Singh GS, Bhadauria T, Chang SW, Awasthi MK, Sudhakar S, Arunachalam KD, Biruntha M, Ravindran B. Earthworms and vermicompost: an eco-friendly approach for repaying nature's debt. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:1617-1642. [PMID: 31974693 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The steady increase in the world's population has intensified the need for crop productivity, but the majority of the agricultural practices are associated with adverse effects on the environment. Such undesired environmental outcomes may be mitigated by utilizing biological agents as part of farming practice. The present review article summarizes the analyses of the current status of global agriculture and soil scenarios; a description of the role of earthworms and their products as better biofertilizer; and suggestions for the rejuvenation of such technology despite significant lapses and gaps in research and extension programs. By maintaining a close collaboration with farmers, we have recognized a shift in their attitude and renewed optimism toward nature-based green technology. Based on these relations, it is inferred that the application of earthworm-mediated vermitechnology increases sustainable development by strengthening the underlying economic, social and ecological framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 011, India
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 007, India
| | - Gopal Shankar Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 011, India.
| | - Tunira Bhadauria
- Department of Zoology, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, 229 001, India
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Evironmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong Gu, Suwon, 16227, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sivasubramaniam Sudhakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 012, India
| | - Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM institute of science and technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Muniyandi Biruntha
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Evironmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong Gu, Suwon, 16227, South Korea.
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Rapid Bacterial Community Changes during Vermicomposting of Grape Marc Derived from Red Winemaking. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100473. [PMID: 31635111 PMCID: PMC6843324 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies dealing with changes in microbial communities during vermicomposting were mostly performed at lab-scale conditions and by using low-throughput techniques. Therefore, we sought to characterize the bacterial succession during the vermicomposting of grape marc over a period of 91 days in a pilot-scale vermireactor. Samples were taken at the initiation of vermicomposting, and days 14, 28, 42, and 91, representing both active and mature stages of vermicomposting. By using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, significant changes in the bacterial community composition of grape marc were found after 14 days and throughout the process (p < 0.0001). There was also an increase in bacterial diversity, both taxonomic and phylogenetic, from day 14 until the end of the trial. We found the main core microbiome comprised of twelve bacterial taxa (~16.25% of the total sequences) known to be capable of nitrogen fixation and to confer plant-disease suppression. Accordingly, functional diversity included increases in specific genes related to nitrogen fixation and synthesis of plant hormones (salicylic acid) after 91 days. Together, the findings support the use of grape marc vermicompost for sustainable practices in the wine industry by disposing of this high-volume winery by-product and capturing its value to improve soil fertility.
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Domínguez J, Aira M, Kolbe AR, Gómez-Brandón M, Pérez-Losada M. Changes in the composition and function of bacterial communities during vermicomposting may explain beneficial properties of vermicompost. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9657. [PMID: 31273255 PMCID: PMC6609614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vermicomposting is the process by which organic waste is broken down through the synergistic actions of earthworms and microbial communities. Although vermicomposting has been shown to effectively reduce organic biomass and generate high-quality fertilizer for plants, little is known about the bacterial communities that are involved in this decomposition process. Since optimization of vermicomposting for commercial use necessitates additional knowledge of the underlying biological processes, this study sought to characterize the bacterial succession involved in the vermicomposting of Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius), a leguminous shrub that has become invasive around the world with consequences for the dynamics and productivity of the ecosystems they occupy. Scotch broom was processed in a pilot-scale vermireactor for 91 days with the earthworm species Eisenia andrei. Samples were taken at the initiation of vermicomposting, and days 14, 42 and 91, representing both active and mature stages of vermicomposting. Significant changes (P < 0.0001) in the bacterial community composition (richness and evenness) were observed throughout the process. Increases in taxonomic diversity were accompanied by increases in functional diversity of the bacterial community, including metabolic capacity, streptomycin and salicylic acid synthesis, and nitrification. These results highlight the role of bacterial succession during the vermicomposting process and provide evidence of microbial functions that may explain the beneficial effects of vermicompost on soil and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Domínguez
- Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal (GEA), Universidade de Vigo, E-36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Manuel Aira
- Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal (GEA), Universidade de Vigo, E-36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Allison R Kolbe
- Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - María Gómez-Brandón
- Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal (GEA), Universidade de Vigo, E-36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.,CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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Gómez-Brandón M, Lores M, Insam H, Domínguez J. Strategies for recycling and valorization of grape marc. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:437-450. [PMID: 30939940 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1555514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Grapes are one of the most cultivated fruit crops worldwide. Either for wine or juice production, grape processing generates a large amount of residues that must be treated, disposed of or reused properly to reduce their pollution load before being applied to the soil. In this review, a special focus is given to the treatment and valorization of the winemaking by-product like grape marc via anaerobic digestion, composting and vermicomposting at laboratory, pilot, and industrial scales. The impact of the final products (digestates, composts, and vermicomposts) on soil properties is briefly addressed. Moreover, the role of grape marc and seeds as a valuable source of natural phytochemicals that include polyphenols and other bioactive compounds of interest for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries is also discussed. This is of paramount importance given the fact that sustainability requires the use of management and valorization strategies that allow the recovery of valuable compounds (e.g. antioxidants) with minimum disposal of waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gómez-Brandón
- a Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal , Universidade de Vigo , Vigo , Spain
| | - Marta Lores
- b Departamento de Química Analítica, Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Soluciones Analíticas (LIDSA) , Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Facultad de Quimica, Avda das Ciencias s/n , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Heribert Insam
- c Institute of Microbiology , University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- a Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal , Universidade de Vigo , Vigo , Spain
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Lv B, Xing M, Yang J. Exploring the effects of earthworms on bacterial profiles during vermicomposting process of sewage sludge and cattle dung with high-throughput sequencing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12528-12537. [PMID: 29464602 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the effects of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) on bacterial profiles during the vermicomposting process of sewage sludge and cattle dung with the high-throughput sequencing technology. The earthworms could accelerate organic degradation and improve the stabilization process. Moreover, the addition of earthworms not only affected the bacterial numbers, but also increased the bacterial community diversity. The activity of earthworms had significant effects on the bacterial community structure as the bacterial community was clearly different between the vermicomposting and the control treatment. Furthermore, the earthworms affected the physical and chemical properties of substrates, thus promoting the growth of some microorganisms, such as Flavobacteria, Acidbacteria, and Planctomycetes. Earthworms largely inhibited the growth of various human pathogenic bacteria. In summary, earthworms significantly affected the bacterial community in vermicomposting and it could be applied as an authentically effective technique for the stabilization of organic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Lv
- Institute of Biofilm Technology, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Meiyan Xing
- Institute of Biofilm Technology, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute of Biofilm Technology, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Villar I, Alves D, Mato S. Product quality and microbial dynamics during vermicomposting and maturation of compost from pig manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 69:498-507. [PMID: 28844437 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This research evaluates, through microbial dynamics, the use of earthworms Eisenia andrei for maturation of pre-composted pig manure in comparison with maturation under static conditions and with vermicomposting of fresh pig manure. Therefore, two substrates were used (fresh and pre-composted pig manure) and four treatments were developed: fresh manure vermicomposting, control of fresh manure without earthworms, pre-composting followed by vermicomposting and static maturation of pre-composted manure. In order to determine the microbial dynamics, the enzymatic activities and profiles of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were evaluated over a 112-days period. Physicochemical and biological parameters of the obtained products were also analyzed. The presence of earthworms significantly reduced (p<0.05) microbial biomass and all the microbial groups (Gram+bacteria, Gram-bacteria, and fungi) in both substrates. The enzymatic activities (cellulase, β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase) behaved in a significantly distinctive manner (p<0.05) depending on the treatment. Microbial communities had significant correlations (p<0.05) with hydrolytic activities during static maturation of pre-composted manure. This indicates a direct effect of microbiota evolution on the degradative processes; however, complex earthworm-microbiota interactions were established in the presence of E. andrei. After earthworms' removal from vermicompost of fresh substrate at 70day, an increase in Gram + (4.4 times), Gram - (3.8 times) and fungi (2.8 times) were observed and, although the vermicompost achieved quality values, it is necessary to optimize the vermicompost aging phase period to improve the stability. Static maturation presented stability on microbial dynamics that indicated a slow degradation of organic compounds so that, maturation of pre-composted manure through vermicomposting is better option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Villar
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - David Alves
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Salustiano Mato
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Soobhany N, Mohee R, Garg VK. Inactivation of bacterial pathogenic load in compost against vermicompost of organic solid waste aiming to achieve sanitation goals: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 64:51-62. [PMID: 28302524 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Waste management strategies for organic residues, such as composting and vermicomposting, have been implemented in some developed and developing countries to solve the problem of organic solid waste (OSW). Yet, these biological treatment technologies do not always result in good quality compost or vermicompost with regards to sanitation capacity owing to the presence of bacterial pathogenic substances in objectionable concentrations. The presence of pathogens in soil conditioners poses a potential health hazard and their occurrence is of particular significance in composts and/or vermicomposts produced from organic materials. Past and present researches demonstrated a high-degree of agreement that various pathogens survive after the composting of certain OSW but whether similar changes in bacterial pathogenic loads arise during vermitechnology has not been thoroughly elucidated. This review garners information regarding the status of various pathogenic bacteria which survived or diffused after the composting process compared to the status of these pathogens after the vermicomposting of OSW with the aim of achieving sanitation goals. This work is also indispensable for the specification of compost quality guidelines concerning pathogen loads which would be specific to treatment technology. It was hypothesized that vermicomposting process for OSW can be efficacious in sustaining the existence of pathogenic organisms most specifically; human pathogens under safety levels. In summary, earthworms can be regarded as a way of obliterating pathogenic bacteria from OSW in a manner equivalent to earthworm gut transit mechanism which classifies vermicomposting as a promising sanitation technique in comparison to composting processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuhaa Soobhany
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius.
| | - Romeela Mohee
- Office of Vice Chancellor, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Vinod Kumar Garg
- Centre for Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 155001, Punjab, India
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Villar I, Alves D, Pérez-Díaz D, Mato S. Changes in microbial dynamics during vermicomposting of fresh and composted sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 48:409-417. [PMID: 26489796 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Municipal sewage sludge is a waste with high organic load generated in large quantities that can be treated by biodegradation techniques to reduce its risk to the environment. This research studies vermicomposting and vermicomposting after composting of sewage sludge with the earthworm specie Eisenia andrei. In order to determine the effect that earthworms cause on the microbial dynamics depending on the treatment, the structure and activity of the microbial community was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid analysis and enzyme activities, during 112days of vermicomposting of fresh and composted sewage sludge, with and without earthworms. The presence of earthworms significantly reduced microbial biomass and all microbial groups (Gram+ bacteria, Gram- bacteria and fungi), as well as cellulase and alkaline phosphatase activities. Combined composting-vermicomposting treatment showed a lesser development of earthworms, higher bacterial and fungal biomass than vermicomposting treatment and greater differences, compared with the control without earthworms, in cellulase, β-glucosidase, alkaline and acid phosphatase. Both treatments were suitable for the stabilization of municipal sewage sludge and the combined composting-vermicomposting treatment can be a viable process for maturation of fresh compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Villar
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - David Alves
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Domingo Pérez-Díaz
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Salustiano Mato
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Xu L, Li R, Luo X, Zhang X, Tong J. Earthworms modify microbial community structure and accelerate maize stover decomposition during vermicomposting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17161-17170. [PMID: 26139410 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, maize stover was vermicomposted with the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. The results showed that, during vermicomposting process, the earthworms promoted decomposition of maize stover. Analysis of microbial communities of the vermicompost by high-throughput pyrosequencing showed more complex bacterial community structure in the substrate treated by the earthworms than that in the control group. The dominant microbial genera in the treatment with the earthworms were Pseudoxanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Cryptococcus, Guehomyces, and Mucor. Compared to the control group, the relative abundance of lignocellulose degradation microorganisms increased. The results indicated that the earthworms modified the structure of microbial communities during vermicomposting process, activated the growth of lignocellulose degradation microorganisms, and triggered the lignocellulose decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Engineering (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Yufen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Quanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Ran Li
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Xiaopei Luo
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Jin Tong
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Engineering (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130025, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Production Capacity Improvement in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
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Lv B, Xing M, Yang J, Zhang L. Pyrosequencing reveals bacterial community differences in composting and vermicomposting on the stabilization of mixed sewage sludge and cattle dung. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10703-12. [PMID: 26318447 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the microbial community structures and compositions in composting and vermicomposting processes. We applied 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing to analyze the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria obtained from bio-stabilization of sewage sludge and cattle dung. Results demonstrated that vermicomposting process presented higher operational taxonomic units and bacterial diversity than the composting. Analysis using weighted UniFrac indicated that composting exhibited higher effects on shaping microbial community structure than the vermicomposting. The succession of dominant bacteria was also detected during composting. Firmicutes was the dominant bacteria in the thermophilic phase of composting and shifted to Actinomycetes in the maturing stage. By contrast, Proteobacteria accounted for the highest proportions in the whole process of the vermicomposting. Furthermore, vermicomposting contained more uncultured and unidentified bacteria at the taxonomy level of genus than the composting. In summary, the bacterial community during composting significantly differed from that during vermicomposting. These two techniques played different roles in changing the diversity and composition of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Lv
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,Institute of Biofilm Technology, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Meiyan Xing
- Institute of Biofilm Technology, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute of Biofilm Technology, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Liangbo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Zhang Z, Shen J, Wang H, Liu M, Wu L, Ping F, He Q, Li H, Zheng C, Xu X. Attenuation of veterinary antibiotics in full-scale vermicomposting of swine manure via the housefly larvae (Musca domestica). Sci Rep 2014; 4:6844. [PMID: 25354896 PMCID: PMC5381375 DOI: 10.1038/srep06844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal waste from concentrated swine farms is widely considered to be a source of environmental pollution, and the introduction of veterinary antibiotics in animal manure to ecosystems is rapidly becoming a major public health concern. A housefly larvae (Musca domestica) vermireactor has been increasingly adopted for swine manure value-added bioconversion and pollution control, but few studies have investigated its efficiency on antibiotic attenuation during manure vermicomposting. In this study we explored the capacity and related attenuation mechanisms of antibiotic degradation and its linkage with waste reduction by field sampling during a typical cycle (6 days) of full-scale larvae manure vermicomposting. Nine antibiotics were dramatically removed during the 6-day vermicomposting process, including tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones. Of these, oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin exhibited the greater reduction rate of 23.8 and 32.9 mg m−2, respectively. Environmental temperature, pH, and total phosphorus were negatively linked to the level of residual antibiotics, while organic matter, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, microbial respiration intensity, and moisture exhibited a positive effect. Pyrosequencing data revealed that the dominant phyla related to Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria accelerated manure biodegradation likely through enzyme catalytic reactions, which may enhance antibiotic attenuation during vermicomposting.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiJian Zhang
- 1] Institute of Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, ZheJiang University, HangZhou, 310058, China [2] China Academy of West Region Development, ZheJiang University, HangZhou, 310058, China
| | - JianGuo Shen
- Agro-technology Extension Center at YuHang District, HangZhou, 311100, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, ZheJiang University, HangZhou, 310058, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, ZheJiang University, HangZhou, 310058, China
| | - LongHua Wu
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, NanJing, 210008, China
| | - Fan Ping
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, ZheJiang University, HangZhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-2010, USA
| | - HongYi Li
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, ZheJiang University, HangZhou, 310058, China
| | - ChangFeng Zheng
- HangZhou TianYuan Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. HaiTuo Ave 55, XiaoShan District, HangZhou, 321103, China
| | - XinHua Xu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, ZheJiang University, HangZhou, 310058, China
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15
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Mehta CM, Palni U, Franke-Whittle IH, Sharma AK. Compost: its role, mechanism and impact on reducing soil-borne plant diseases. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:607-22. [PMID: 24373678 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil-borne plant pathogens are responsible for causing many crop plant diseases, resulting in significant economic losses. Compost application to agricultural fields is an excellent natural approach, which can be taken to fight against plant pathogens. The application of organic waste products is also an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical use, which unfortunately is the most common approach in agriculture today. This review analyses pioneering and recent compost research, and also the mechanisms and mode of action of compost microbial communities for reducing the activity of plant pathogens in agricultural crops. In addition, an approach for improving the quality of composts through the microbial communities already present in the compost is presented. Future agricultural practices will almost definitely require integrated research strategies to help combat plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Mehta
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Science and Humanities, G. B. P. U. A. & T. Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Uma Palni
- Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - I H Franke-Whittle
- Leopold-Franzens University, Institute of Microbiology, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A K Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Science and Humanities, G. B. P. U. A. & T. Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India.
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Shemekite F, Gómez-Brandón M, Franke-Whittle IH, Praehauser B, Insam H, Assefa F. Coffee husk composting: an investigation of the process using molecular and non-molecular tools. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:642-52. [PMID: 24369846 PMCID: PMC3989049 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Various parameters were measured during a 90-day composting process of coffee husk with cow dung (Pile 1), with fruit/vegetable wastes (Pile 2) and coffee husk alone (Pile 3). Samples were collected on days 0, 32 and 90 for chemical and microbiological analyses. C/N ratios of Piles 1 and 2 decreased significantly over the 90 days. The highest bacterial counts at the start of the process and highest actinobacterial counts at the end of the process (Piles 1 and 2) indicated microbial succession with concomitant production of compost relevant enzymes. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of rDNA and COMPOCHIP microarray analysis indicated distinctive community shifts during the composting process, with day 0 samples clustering separately from the 32 and 90-day samples. This study, using a multi-parameter approach, has revealed differences in quality and species diversity of the three composts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fekadu Shemekite
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
| | - María Gómez-Brandón
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraβe 25d, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ingrid H Franke-Whittle
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraβe 25d, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Praehauser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraβe 25d, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heribert Insam
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraβe 25d, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fassil Assefa
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
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Huang K, Li F, Wei Y, Chen X, Fu X. Changes of bacterial and fungal community compositions during vermicomposting of vegetable wastes by Eisenia foetida. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 150:235-241. [PMID: 24177156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Changes of bacterial and fungal community during vermicomposting of vegetable wastes by hatchling, juvenile and adult Eisenia foetida were investigated through analysis of the extracted bacterial 16S rDNA and fungal 18S rDNA with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing. After 60days of composting, significantly lower values of microbial activity and bacterial and fungal densities were revealed in the products of composting with earthworms than in the control (without earthworms). PCR-DGGE images showed vermicomposting significantly enhanced the diversities of bacterial and fungal communities. However, for their structures, sequencing results revealed that, compared to the control where the bacterial Firmicutes were predominant, in the composts with earthworms, the bacterial Bacteroidetes and Actinomycetes, and the fungal Sordariomycetes were found dominant. In addition, some beneficial species of bacteria and fungi against pathogens were also isolated from the vermicomposting products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Huang
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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18
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Neher DA, Weicht TR, Bates ST, Leff JW, Fierer N. Changes in bacterial and fungal communities across compost recipes, preparation methods, and composting times. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79512. [PMID: 24278144 PMCID: PMC3836849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Compost production is a critical component of organic waste handling, and compost applications to soil are increasingly important to crop production. However, we know surprisingly little about the microbial communities involved in the composting process and the factors shaping compost microbial dynamics. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing approaches to assess the diversity and composition of both bacterial and fungal communities in compost produced at a commercial-scale. Bacterial and fungal communities responded to both compost recipe and composting method. Specifically, bacterial communities in manure and hay recipes contained greater relative abundances of Firmicutes than hardwood recipes with hay recipes containing relatively more Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes. In contrast, hardwood recipes contained a large relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi. Fungal communities of compost from a mixture of dairy manure and silage-based bedding were distinguished by a greater relative abundance of Pezizomycetes and Microascales. Hay recipes uniquely contained abundant Epicoccum, Thermomyces, Eurotium, Arthrobotrys, and Myriococcum. Hardwood recipes contained relatively abundant Sordariomycetes. Holding recipe constant, there were significantly different bacterial and fungal communities when the composting process was managed by windrow, aerated static pile, or vermicompost. Temporal dynamics of the composting process followed known patterns of degradative succession in herbivore manure. The initial community was dominated by Phycomycetes, followed by Ascomycota and finally Basidiomycota. Zygomycota were associated more with manure-silage and hay than hardwood composts. Most commercial composters focus on the thermophilic phase as an economic means to insure sanitation of compost from pathogens. However, the community succeeding the thermophilic phase begs further investigation to determine how the microbial dynamics observed here can be best managed to generate compost with the desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Neher
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Weicht
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Scott T. Bates
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W. Leff
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Noah Fierer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
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19
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Neher DA, Weicht TR, Bates ST, Leff JW, Fierer N. Changes in bacterial and fungal communities across compost recipes, preparation methods, and composting times. PLoS One 2013. [PMID: 24278144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079512,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compost production is a critical component of organic waste handling, and compost applications to soil are increasingly important to crop production. However, we know surprisingly little about the microbial communities involved in the composting process and the factors shaping compost microbial dynamics. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing approaches to assess the diversity and composition of both bacterial and fungal communities in compost produced at a commercial-scale. Bacterial and fungal communities responded to both compost recipe and composting method. Specifically, bacterial communities in manure and hay recipes contained greater relative abundances of Firmicutes than hardwood recipes with hay recipes containing relatively more Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes. In contrast, hardwood recipes contained a large relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi. Fungal communities of compost from a mixture of dairy manure and silage-based bedding were distinguished by a greater relative abundance of Pezizomycetes and Microascales. Hay recipes uniquely contained abundant Epicoccum, Thermomyces, Eurotium, Arthrobotrys, and Myriococcum. Hardwood recipes contained relatively abundant Sordariomycetes. Holding recipe constant, there were significantly different bacterial and fungal communities when the composting process was managed by windrow, aerated static pile, or vermicompost. Temporal dynamics of the composting process followed known patterns of degradative succession in herbivore manure. The initial community was dominated by Phycomycetes, followed by Ascomycota and finally Basidiomycota. Zygomycota were associated more with manure-silage and hay than hardwood composts. Most commercial composters focus on the thermophilic phase as an economic means to insure sanitation of compost from pathogens. However, the community succeeding the thermophilic phase begs further investigation to determine how the microbial dynamics observed here can be best managed to generate compost with the desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Neher
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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Ntougias S, Bourtzis K, Tsiamis G. The microbiology of olive mill wastes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:784591. [PMID: 24199199 PMCID: PMC3809369 DOI: 10.1155/2013/784591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastes (OMWs) are high-strength organic effluents, which upon disposal can degrade soil and water quality, negatively affecting aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The main purpose of this review paper is to provide an up-to-date knowledge concerning the microbial communities identified over the past 20 years in olive mill wastes using both culture-dependent and independent approaches. A database survey of 16S rRNA gene sequences (585 records in total) obtained from olive mill waste environments revealed the dominance of members of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Independent studies confirmed that OMW microbial communities' structure is cultivar dependent. On the other hand, the detection of fecal bacteria and other potential human pathogens in OMWs is of major concern and deserves further examination. Despite the fact that the degradation and detoxification of the olive mill wastes have been mostly investigated through the application of known bacterial and fungal species originated from other environmental sources, the biotechnological potential of indigenous microbiota should be further exploited in respect to olive mill waste bioremediation and inactivation of plant and human pathogens. The implementation of omic and metagenomic approaches will further elucidate disposal issues of olive mill wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Ntougias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi Street, 30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - George Tsiamis
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi Street, 30100 Agrinio, Greece
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Grantina-Ievina L, Andersone U, Berkolde-Pīre D, Nikolajeva V, Ievinsh G. Critical tests for determination of microbiological quality and biological activity in commercial vermicompost samples of different origins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:10541-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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