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Liang-Tong Z, Li Z, Yuqing Y, Na H, Bate B. Investigation of aqueous Fe(III) and Mn(II) removal using dolomite as a permeable reactive barrier material. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:2039-2053. [PMID: 34919016 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are the most frequently detected heavy metals in the soil and groundwater near municipal landfill sites. Natural calcium-carbonate-based materials, such as dolomite, effectively remove metal ions and are suitable as reactive materials for permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). However, multiple heavy metals usually coexist in contaminated groundwater, the effectiveness and competitive precipitation mechanisms in the removal of Fe(III) and Mn(II) are unclear. In this study, we investigated the efficiency and influencing factors of the removal of single and coexisting Fe(III) and Mn(II) by dolomite through experimental batch and column tests, property characterization, and PHREEQC simulations. Dolomite with 1.18-2.36 mm particle size showed the best removal efficiency for Fe(III) and Mn(II) through precipitation. Fe(III) was preferentially precipitated by dolomite with higher removal efficiency, attributed to the lower solubility product (Ksp) of iron precipitates. Compared with Fe(III), Mn(II) was precipitated conditionally, and the removal efficiency was restricted by the concentration of Fe(III) in the system. Considering the application of PRB in the field, dolomite would be effective for the remediation of coexisting heavy metals with lower precipitate Ksp. The half-time of Mn(II) removal could serve as a reference for PRB thickness designs if the target metal contaminants were in a similar concentration range as Fe(III) and Mn(II). Additionally, the PRB performance could be affected by the reduction of hydraulic permeability induced by precipitation, and the fine precipitates migrating from PRB might affect downstream groundwater quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Liang-Tong
- Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - You Yuqing
- Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Na
- Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bate Bate
- Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Desta WM, Lemma DB, Tessema TA. Removal of Iron and Manganese from Groundwater by Using Aeration and Natural Sand Filtration Techniques. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hao N, Ye J, Zhao L, Sun M, You Y, Zhang C, Cao J, Peng Y, Zhang S, Zhan LT, Chen Y, Bate B. Evaluating iron remediation with limestone using spectral induced polarization and microscopic techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149641. [PMID: 34426370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination with iron caused by mining and landfill activities has fueled the development of remediation strategies. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are commonly applied in subsurface remediation because of their high removal effect and low costs. Spectral induced polarization (SIP) technique has been approved for its nondestructive ability to monitor the geochemical processes in porous media. In this study, SIP technique was applied for monitoring iron remediation by limestone at column scale. The chemical analysis showed the pH of the porous fluid increased - attributed to the dissolution of limestone, which promoted the precipitation of iron. The precipitate phases included both γ-FeOOH and Fe2O3 based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. The micro computed tomography (CT) technique investigated the uneven distribution of the precipitates in the column, which indicated the existence of preferential flow. SIP signals revealed the quantity of the accumulated iron precipitates, which was proved by the chemical measurement and calculation. SIP signals also derived the time evolution of both the average precipitate size and size distribution, which elucidated the processes of precipitate crystal growth and aggregation during Fe flow-through. Above results suggest that SIP holds the promise of monitoring the engineering barrier performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianshe Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Meng Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yuqing You
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik (IMGW), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Junnan Cao
- Department of Civil Engineering and Construction, Georgia Southern University, 1332 Southern Drive, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA.
| | - Yu Peng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Liang-Tong Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yunmin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Bate Bate
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Wang Y, Pleasant S, Jain P, Powell J, Townsend T. Calcium carbonate-based permeable reactive barriers for iron and manganese groundwater remediation at landfills. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 53:128-135. [PMID: 26992666 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of iron (Fe(II)) and manganese (Mn(II)) reductively dissolved from soil minerals have been detected in groundwater monitoring wells near many municipal solid waste landfills. Two in situ permeable reactive barriers (PRBs), comprised of limestone and crushed concrete, were installed downgradient of a closed, unlined landfill in Florida, USA, to remediate groundwater containing high concentrations of these metals. Influent groundwater to the PRBs contained mean Fe and Mn concentrations of approximately 30mg/L and 1.62mg/L, respectively. PRBs were constructed in the shallow aquifer (maximum depth 4.6m below land surface) and groundwater was sampled from a network of nearby monitoring wells to evaluate barrier performance in removing these metals. PRBs significantly (p<0.05) removed dissolved Fe and Mn from influent groundwater; Fe was removed from influent water at average rates of 91% and 95% (by mass) for the limestone and crushed concrete PRBs, respectively, during the first year of the study. The performance of the PRBs declined after 3years of operation, with Fe removal efficiency decreasing to 64% and 61% for limestone and concrete PRBs, respectively. A comparison of water quality in shallow and deep monitoring wells showed a more dramatic performance reduction in the deeper section of the concrete PRB, which was attributed to an influx of sediment into the barrier and settling of particulates from the upper portions of the PRBs. Although removal of Fe and Mn from redox impacts was achieved with the PRBs, the short time frame of effectiveness relative to the duration of a full-scale remediation effort may limit the applicability of these systems at some landfills because of the construction costs required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Saraya Pleasant
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Pradeep Jain
- Innovative Waste Consulting Services, LLC, 6628 NW 9th Blvd., Suite 3, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Jon Powell
- Innovative Waste Consulting Services, LLC, 6628 NW 9th Blvd., Suite 3, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Timothy Townsend
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Cheng W, Roessler J, Blaisi NI, Townsend TG. Effect of water treatment additives on lime softening residual trace chemical composition--implications for disposal and reuse. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 145:240-248. [PMID: 25073099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water treatment residues (WTR) offer potential benefits when recycled through land application. The current guidance in Florida, US allows for unrestricted land application of lime softening WTR; alum and ferric WTR require additional evaluation of total and leachable concentrations of select trace metals prior to land application. In some cases a mixed WTR is produced when lime softening is accompanied by the addition of a coagulant or other treatment chemical; applicability of the current guidance is unclear. The objective of this research was to characterize the total and leachable chemical content of WTR from Florida facilities that utilize multiple treatment chemicals. Lime and mixed lime WTR samples were collected from 18 water treatment facilities in Florida. Total and leachable concentrations of the WTR were measured. To assess the potential for disposal of mixed WTR as clean fill below the water table, leaching tests were conducted at multiple liquid to solid ratios and under reducing conditions. The results were compared to risk-based soil and groundwater contamination thresholds. Total metal concentrations of WTR were found to be below Florida soil contaminant thresholds with Fe found in the highest abundance at a concentration of 3600 mg/kg-dry. Aluminum was the only element that exceeded the Florida groundwater contaminant thresholds using SPLP (95% UCL = 0.23 mg/L; risk threshold = 0.2 mg/L). Tests under reducing conditions showed elevated concentrations of Fe and Mn, ranging from 1 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than SPLP leachates. Mixed lime WTR concentrations (total and leachable) were lower than the ferric and alum WTR concentrations, supporting that mixed WTR are appropriately represented as lime WTR. Testing of WTR under reducing conditions demonstrated the potential for release of certain trace metals (Fe, Al, Mn) above applicable regulatory thresholds; additional evaluation is needed to assess management options where reducing conditions may develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
| | - Justin Roessler
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
| | - Nawaf I Blaisi
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
| | - Timothy G Townsend
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA.
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Wang Y, Sikora S, Townsend TG. Ferrous iron removal by limestone and crushed concrete in dynamic flow columns. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 124:165-171. [PMID: 23591465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In-situ passive reactive barriers containing carbonate minerals show potential for dissolved iron removal from groundwater at landfill sites. The removal of Fe(II) from synthetic groundwater using limestone and crushed concrete (7-10 mm) was evaluated using dynamic flow columns. Solutions of 50 mg/L Fe(II) were passed through duplicate columns of limestone and concrete until breakthrough (250-300 days); water quality was evaluated at distinct column depths throughout the study. Each material was successful in reducing the concentration of Fe(II), with both achieving an average of greater than 99.4% iron removal (<0.3 mg/L effluent concentration) over 288 and 216 pore volumes, resulting in effective removal capacities of 4.06 and 3.80 g Fe/kg reactive material for limestone and crushed concrete, respectively. These values are less than removal capacities achieved from a sequencing batch test (32.9 and 27.9 g Fe/kg limestone and crushed concrete, respectively), a possible result of preferential flow pathways, shorter equilibration time, and formation of surface films on the reactive materials in the columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
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