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Wang Y, Deng M, Zhou S, Li L, Song K. Increasing fish production in recirculating aquaculture system by integrating a biofloc-worm reactor for protein recovery. WATER RESEARCH X 2024; 24:100246. [PMID: 39220625 PMCID: PMC11363497 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture, producing half of global fish production, offers a high-quality protein source for humans. Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) through microbial protein recovery is crucial for increasing fish production and reducing environmental footprint. However, the poor palatability and high moisture content of microbial protein make its utilization challenging. Here, a biofloc-worm reactor was integrated into a recirculating aquaculture system (BW_RAS) for the first time to convert microbial protein into Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) biomass, which was used as direct feed for culturing fish. Batch experiments indicated that an aeration rate of 0.132 m3 L -1 h -1 and a worm density of 0.3 g cm-2 on the carrier were optimal for microbial biomass growth and worm predation, respectively. Compared to the biofloc reactor-based recirculating aquaculture system (B_RAS), the BW_RAS improved water quality, NUE, and fish production by 17.1 % during a 120-day aquaculture period. The abundance of heterotrophic aerobic denitrifier Deinococcus in BW_RAS was one order of magnitude higher than in B_RAS, while heterotrophic bacteria Mycobacterium was more abundant in B_RAS. Denitrifiers cooperated with organic matter degraders and nitrogen assimilation bacteria for protein recovery and gaseous nitrogen loss while competing with predatory bacteria. Function prediction and qPCR indicated greater aerobic respiration, nitrate assimilation, nitrification (AOB-amoA), and denitrification (napA, nirK, nirS, nosZI), but lower fermentation in BWR compared to BR. This study demonstrated that BW_RAS increased microbial protein production and aerobic nitrogen cycling through ongoing worm predation, further enhancing fish production to a commercially viable level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuren Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shuni Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Chi L, Jiang K, Ding Y, Wang W, Song X, Yu Z. Uncovering nutrient regeneration, transformation pattern, and its contribution to harmful algal blooms in mariculture waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170652. [PMID: 38331282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of harmful algal blooms (HABs), especially in mariculture waters, has become a concern for environmental and human health worldwide. Notably, the frequent occurrence of HABs relies upon a substantial supply of available nutrients, which are influenced by nutrient recycling. However, nutrient regeneration, transformation pattern, and their contribution to HABs in mariculture waters remain largely unknown. In this study, by combining field investigation and incubation experiments from June to September 2020, the temporal variations in nutrients and algal composition were revealed. In addition, the nutrient regeneration and assimilation rates in the water column during two continuous algal blooms were measured. The results indicated that organic nutrients, which were the dominant components, strongly stimulated nutrient regeneration. High regeneration rates were observed, with dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorous (DIP) regeneration rates ranging from 0.25 to 2.64 μmol/L·h and 0.01 to 0.09 μmol/L·h, respectively. Compared to the direct uptake of organic nutrients, the rapid regeneration of inorganic nutrients played a vital role in sustaining continuous algal blooms, as regenerated DIN contributed 100 % while regenerated DIP contributed 72-100 % of the algal assimilation demand. Furthermore, the redundancy analysis and inverse solution equations indicated that different N transformation patterns and utilization strategies occurred during Heterosigma and Nannochloris blooms. The shorter N recycling pathway and faster NH4+ supply rates provided favorable conditions for the dominance of Nannochloris over Heterosigma, which had a preference for the uptake of NO3-. In conclusion, we propose that nutrient regeneration is a key maintenance mechanism underlying the maintenance of continuous algal blooms, and different N transformation patterns and utilization strategies regulate algal communities in mariculture waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbao Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kaiqin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Weihai Vocational College, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiuxian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ji M, Gao H, Zhang J, Hu Z, Liang S. Environmental impacts on algal-bacterial-based aquaponics system by different types of carbon source addition: water quality and greenhouse gas emission. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26665-26674. [PMID: 38451459 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Carbon source addition is an important way improving the carbon and nitrogen transformation in aquaculture system; however, its effectiveness of algal-bacterial-based aquaponics (AA) through carbon source addition is still vague. In this study, the influences of organic carbon (OC-AA system) and inorganic carbon (IC-AA system) addition and without carbon source addition (C-AA system) on the operational performance of AA system were investigated. Results showed that 10.1-19.5% increase of algal-bacterial biomass enhanced the purifying effect of ammonia nitrogen in OC-AA system and IC-AA system relative to C-AA system. Moreover, extra electron donor supply in the OC-AA system obtained the lowest NO3--N concentration. However, that was at the cost of aggravated N2O conversion ratio, which increased by more than 2.0-folds than other systems, attributing to 2.9-folds increase of nirS gene abundance. In addition, carbon source addition increased the pH and then decreased the fish biomass production of AA system. The results of this study would provide theoretical supports of carbon source addition on the performance of nutrient transformation and greenhouse gas effect in AA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingde Ji
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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Jin S, Lin J, Zhan Y. Immobilization of phosphorus in water-sediment system by iron-modified attapulgite, calcite, bentonite and dolomite under feed input condition: Efficiency, mechanism, application mode effect and response of microbial communities and iron mobilization. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120777. [PMID: 37897994 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Four kinds of iron-based materials, i.e., iron-modified attapulgite, calcite, bentonite and dolomite (abbreviated as Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL, respectively) were prepared and used to immobilize the phosphorus in the system of overlying water (O-water) and sediment under the feed input condition, and their immobilization efficiencies and mechanisms were investigated. The influence of application mode on the immobilization of phosphorus in the water-sediment system by Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL was researched. The effects of Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL on the concentration of labile iron in the water-sediment system and the microbial communities in sediment were also studied. The results showed that the Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL addition all can effectively immobilize the soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) and diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT)-labile phosphorus in O-water under the feed input condition, and also had the ability to inactivate the DGT-labile phosphorus in the top sediment. Although the change in the application mode from the one-time addition to the multiple addition reduced the inactivation efficiencies of SRP and DTP in O-water in the early period of application, it increased the immobilization efficiencies in the later period of application. Although Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL had a certain releasing risk of iron into the pore water, they had negligible risk of iron release into O-water. The addition of Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT or Fe-DOL reshaped the sediment bacterial community structure and can affect the microorganism-driven phosphorus cycle in the sediment. Results of this work suggest that Fe-ATP, Fe-CA, Fe-BT and Fe-DOL are promising phosphorus-inactivation materials to immobilize the phosphorus in the water-sediment system under the feed input condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Jin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yanhui Zhan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanism of liver inflammation and apoptosis in juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides fed low protein high starch diets. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 45:101047. [PMID: 36508948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the regulatory mechanism of liver injury in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (LMB) fed low protein high starch diets. Two isolipidic and isoenergetic diets were formulated with different protein and starch ratios, being named as diets P49S9 (48.8 % protein and 9.06 % starch) and P42S18 (42.4 % protein and 18.2 % starch). Each diet was fed to triplicate replicates of LMB (initial body weight, 4.65 ± 0.01 g) juveniles. Fish were fed to visual satiation for 8 weeks. The results indicated that though the P42S18 fish up-regulated the feeding ratio to meet their protein requirements, feeding efficiency ratio and growth performance were impaired in treatment P42S18 as compared to treatment P49S9. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining showed glycogen accumulated in the liver of LMB fed low protein high starch diets, and the reason should be attributed to down-regulated expression of the glycogenolytic glycogen debranching enzyme. Lower liver lipid level was associated with feeding low protein high starch diets in LMB, which should be resulted from the changes in hepatic glycerolipid metabolism regulated by lipoprotein lipase (representative of triglyceride synthesis, up-regulated) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (representative of triglyceride breakdown, down-regulated). Though fasting plasma glucose level was comparable, treatment P42S18 performed inferior glucose tolerance to treatment P49S9. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining suggested that feeding low protein high starch diets induced disruption of structural integrity, inflammation and apoptosis in the hepatocytes of LMB. As expected, KEGG pathways analysis indicated that many of the up-regulated differentially expressed genes were enriched in AGE (advanced glycation end product)/RAGE (receptor for AGE), Toll-like receptor and apoptosis signaling pathways. Our transcriptome data revealed that feeding low protein high starch diets might promote the accumulation of AGEs in LMB, which bound to RAGE and subsequently induced PI3K/Akt signal pathway. The activation of Akt induced NF-κB translocation into the nucleus thus releasing proinflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8. The release of these inflammatory factors concomitantly induced T cell stimulation and natural killer cells chemotactic effects through Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Besides mediating inflammation and immune response, TNF-α signal transduction participated in mediating apoptosis through the receptor of TNF (TNF-R1) pathway by up-regulating the expression of caspase 8 and cytochrome c. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that feeding low protein and high starch diets induced hepatocytes inflammation and apoptosis in LMB through the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Yu JJ, Hu YL, Liu CZ, Wu SB, Zheng ZJ, Cui ZH, Chen L, Wei T, Sun SK, Ning J, Wen X, Diao QY, Yu Y, Fang LX, Zhou YF, Liu YH, Liao XP, Li XM, Sun J. ARSCP: An antimicrobial residue surveillance cloud platform for animal-derived foods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159807. [PMID: 36461568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have been widely used for improving human and animal health and well-being for many decades. However, the enormous antibiotic usage in agriculture especially for livestock leads to considerable quantities of antibiotic residues in associated food products and can reach potentially hazardous levels for consumers. Therefore, timely detection and systematical surveillance on residual antibiotics in food materials are of significance to minimize the negative impact caused by such unwanted antibiotic leftovers. To this end, we constructed a cloud-platform-based system (ARSCP) for comprehensive surveillance of antibiotic residues in food materials. With the system, we collected 126,560 samples from 68 chicken farms across China and detected the antibiotic residues using a rapid detection colorimetric commercial (Explorer 2.0) kit and UPLC-MS/MS. Only 108 (0.085 %) of the samples contained residual antibiotics exceeding the MRLs and all data were subjected to ARSCP system to provide a landscape of antibiotic residues in China. As a proof-of-concept, we provided an overview of residual antibiotics based on data from China, but the system is generally applicable to track and monitor the antibiotic residues globally when the data from other countries are incorporated. We used the combined Explorer 2.0 and MS data to construct ARSCP, an antimicrobial residue surveillance cloud platform for raw chicken samples. ARSCP can be used for rapid detection and real-time monitoring of antibiotic residues in animal food and provides both data management and risk warning functions. This system provides a solution to improve the management of facilities that must monitor antibiotic MRLs in food animal products that can reduce the pollution of antibiotics to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Yu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, China; WENS Research Institute (Technology center), WENS Foodstuff Group Co., LTD., China
| | - Ya-Lin Hu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Zheng Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai-Bin Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Jian Zheng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Hua Cui
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, China; WENS Research Institute (Technology center), WENS Foodstuff Group Co., LTD., China
| | - Tian Wei
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, China; WENS Research Institute (Technology center), WENS Foodstuff Group Co., LTD., China
| | - Shi-Kai Sun
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, China; WENS Research Institute (Technology center), WENS Foodstuff Group Co., LTD., China
| | - Jun Ning
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, China; WENS Research Institute (Technology center), WENS Foodstuff Group Co., LTD., China
| | - Xiang Wen
- College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Diao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Xing Fang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ming Li
- College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhu Z, Yogev U, Goddek S, Yang F, Keesman KJ, Gross A. Carbon dynamics and energy recovery in a novel near-zero waste aquaponics system with onsite anaerobic treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155245. [PMID: 35429558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aquaponics is gaining renewed interest to enhance food security. This study aimed to investigate the performance of a novel off-grid aquaponics system with near-zero water and waste discharge, focusing on the carbon cycle and energy recovery that was achieved by the addition of onsite anaerobic treatment of the solid waste streams. Following a stabilization stage, the system was closely monitored for four months. Fish tank water was recirculated via solid and nitrification reactors, from which 66% was recycled to the fish tank directly and 34% indirectly through the hydroponically grown plants. Fish solid waste was anaerobically treated, energy was recovered, and the nutrient-rich supernatant was recycled to the plants to enhance production. Plant waste was also digested anaerobically for further recovery of energy and nutrients. Fish stocking density was 15.3 and over time reached approximately 40 kg/m3 where it was maintained. Feed (45% protein content) was applied daily at 2% of body weight. Typical fish performance was observed with a survival rate >97% and feed conversion ratio of 1.33. Lettuce production was up to 5.65 kg/m2, significantly higher than previous reports, largely because of high nutrients reuse efficiency from the anaerobic supernatant that contained 130 and 34 mg/L N and P, respectively. Of the feed carbon, 24.5% was taken up by fish biomass. Fish solid wastes contained 38.2% carbon, of which 91.9% was recovered as biogas (74.5% CH4). Biogas production was 0.84 m3/kg for fish sludge and 0.67 m3/kg for dry plant material. CO2 sequestration was 1.4 higher than the feed carbon, which reduced the system's carbon footprint by 64%. This study is the first to demonstrate highly efficient fish and plant production with near-zero water and waste discharge and with energy recovery that can potentially supply the system's energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhu
- Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990, Israel; Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Uri Yogev
- National Center for Mariculture, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research Institute, Eilat 88112, Israel
| | - Simon Goddek
- Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; SINTEF Nord, Storgata 118, 9008 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Av. Renmin 58, Haikou 570228, Hainan Prov., PR China
| | - Karel J Keesman
- Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Amit Gross
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990, Israel.
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Ji M, Gao H, Diao L, Zhang J, Liang S, Hu Z. Environmental impacts of antibiotics addition to algal-bacterial-based aquaponic system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3777-3786. [PMID: 35513518 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics usage is a double-edged sword among the production promotion and environmental aggravation of aquaculture system. In this study, the effects of sulfadiazine addition on algal-bacterial-based aquaponic (AA) system were thoroughly investigated. Results showed that sulfadiazine addition increased the nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) recovery of AA system by 1.3 times and 2.9 times, respectively. Meanwhile, the global warming potential was increased by 63% due to aggravated nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. This was mainly because sulfadiazine increased the abundance of nirS genes and decreased the abundance of nosZ genes, which subsequently led to higher N2O accumulation. Furthermore, resistance gene (sul-1, sul-2, and intI-1) abundance in the treatment group was an order higher than that of the control group, which would give rise to the environmental risk for agroecological system. KEY POINTS: • Sulfadiazine addition increased NUE at expense of aggravated GHG emissions. • Sulfadiazine disrupted the balance between the abundance of nirS and nosZ genes. • Sulfadiazine addition increased the resistance gene abundance of AA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingde Ji
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Diao
- Chengyang Branch of Qingdao Ecological Environment Bureau, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.,College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Guo H, Dong P, Gao F, Huang L, Wang S, Wang R, Yan M, Zhang D. Sucrose addition directionally enhances bacterial community convergence and network stability of the shrimp culture system. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:22. [PMID: 35410335 PMCID: PMC9001642 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose is an effective carbon source for creating more reliable and environmentally friendly conditions for shrimp growth by regulating bacteria in biofloc-based culture systems. However, the influence of sucrose addition on the interaction, co-occurrence networks, and assembly mechanisms of bacterial communities in biofloc-based culture systems remains largely unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigated the effects of sucrose addition on bacterial communities in three habitats (water, bioflocs, and gut). The bacterial community structures and compositions of these three habitats became more similar in groups with sucrose addition, compared with those in controls. More than 50% gut bacterial communities were mainly derived from water and biofloc communities in the sucrose addition groups, but only about 33% bacterial communities migrated from water and biofloc to the gut in the control culture system. Sucrose addition accordantly enriched core taxa belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria and the families Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae in water, biofloc, and gut habitats. These core taxa were important for maintaining bacterial network stability in the sucrose addition culture systems and some were identified as keystone taxa for improving shrimp growth. Furthermore, after sucrose addition, gut bacterial community assembly from water and biofloc was dominated by the heterogeneous select with the ratios of 55-91% and 67-83%, respectively, indicating that sucrose addition can directionally shape the bacterial assembly of the shrimp culture system. These results provide a basis for selectively regulating certain beneficial taxa to improve shrimp growth in culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Guo
- State key laboratory for managing biotic and chemical threats to the quality and safety of agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Pengsheng Dong
- State key laboratory for managing biotic and chemical threats to the quality and safety of agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fan Gao
- State key laboratory for managing biotic and chemical threats to the quality and safety of agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lei Huang
- State key laboratory for managing biotic and chemical threats to the quality and safety of agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Sipeng Wang
- State key laboratory for managing biotic and chemical threats to the quality and safety of agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- State key laboratory for managing biotic and chemical threats to the quality and safety of agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Mengchen Yan
- State key laboratory for managing biotic and chemical threats to the quality and safety of agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Demin Zhang
- State key laboratory for managing biotic and chemical threats to the quality and safety of agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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10
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Deng M, Dai Z, Song K, Wang Y, He X. Integrating Microbial Protein Production and Harvest Systems into Pilot-Scale Recirculating Aquaculture Systems for Sustainable Resource Recovery: Linking Nitrogen Recovery to Microbial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16735-16746. [PMID: 34846873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, it is important to raise the nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) to improve sustainability. To achieve this, recovery of microbial protein (RMP), instead of nitrification/denitrification in conventional wastewater treatment, is a promising approach whose microbiological mechanisms must be characterized. Here, periodic RMP was conducted in an in situ biofloc-based aquaculture system (IBAS) and a separating assimilation reactor-based recirculating aquaculture system (SRAS). Kinetic analysis indicated that a microbial biomass level of 3 g L-1 was optimal for inorganic N removal, and excess biomass was harvested to improve the NRE. Unlike the IBAS, the SRAS eliminated the fluctuation in water quality caused by the RMP. Periodic RMP significantly increased the NRE to 44-57% by promoting the filamentous bacterium Herpetosiphon and suppressing anaerobic denitrifiers. Aerobic chemoheterotrophy was the main microbial metabolic process for energy. After RMP, nitrate reductase-encoded functional genes (napA and narG) significantly decreased, while nitrite reductase-encoded functional genes, especially nirK, significantly increased. Co-occurrence networks analysis indicated that the cooperation and competition among organic matter degraders, filamentous bacteria, nitrifiers, and denitrifiers determined the microbial protein yield. These results provide fundamental insights into the influence of the RMP on microbial communities and functions, which is important for realizing sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhili Dai
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui JianZhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuren Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xugang He
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China
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11
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Huang F, Pan L, He Z, Zhang M, Zhang M. Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification characteristics and antibiotic resistance of two bacterial consortia from Marinomonas and Halomonas with effective nitrogen removal in mariculture wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111786. [PMID: 33310240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HNAD) characteristics and antibiotic resistance of two bacterial consortia, Marinomonas communis & Halomonas titanicae (MCH) and Marinomonas aquimarina & Halomonas titanicae (MAH), and their single isolates (MC, MA, and H) were determinated in this study. When cultured in sole and mixed N-source media (NH4+-N and/or NO2--N of 10 mg/L), MCH and MAH exhibited greater efficiency and stability of inorganic-N removal than single isolates, and these strains preferred to remove NH4+-N by simultaneous HNAD in mixed N-source media. Meanwhile, 45%-70% of NH4+-N and/or NO2--N was mainly converted to organic nitrogen (15%-25%) and gaseous nitrogen (30%-40%) by these strains, and more inorganic-N was transformed to intracellular-N by MCH and MAH via assimilation instead of gaseous-N production by denitrification. Both isolates and their consortia had the maximal NH4+-N or NO2--N removal efficiency above 95% under the optimum conditions including temperature of 20-30 °C, C/N ratios of 15-20, and sucrose as carbon source. Interestingly, bacterial consortia performed greater nitrogen removal than single isolates under the low temperature of 10 °C or C/N ratios of 2-5. In real mariculture wastewater, MCH and MAH also showed higher NH4+-N removal efficiency (65%-68%) and more stable cell quantity (4.2-5.2 × 108 CFU/mL) than single strains, due to the interspecific coexistence detected by bacterial quantitation with indirect immunoassay. Additionally, these isolates and consortia had stronger resistances to polypeptides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, furanes, and macrolides than other antibiotics. These findings will be conducive to the applications of HNAD bacteria of Marinomonas and Halomonas on reducing nitrogen pollution in mariculture or other saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.
| | - Ziyan He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
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12
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Kosten S, Almeida RM, Barbosa I, Mendonça R, Santos Muzitano I, Sobreira Oliveira-Junior E, Vroom RJE, Wang HJ, Barros N. Better assessments of greenhouse gas emissions from global fish ponds needed to adequately evaluate aquaculture footprint. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141247. [PMID: 32798864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While providing protein for a fast-growing human population, the ongoing boom in global aquaculture comes with environmental costs. Particularly, the intense greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reported for several aquaculture systems are a source of concern. Still, we argue that actual emissions could be multiple times higher than currently thought. Most studies supporting existing estimates solely rely on measurements of water-atmosphere diffusive fluxes of GHG, whereas methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions during drainage and refilling and CH4 bubbles emerging from sediments are largely ignored. Yet, abundant evidence for similar aquatic ecosystems suggests that these largely unaccounted emission pathways may be responsible for a large share of annual GHG emissions. Uncertainties from overlooking important emission pathways may have serious consequences, including incorrect advice on mitigation strategies and overly optimistic assessments of the GHG footprint of cultured freshwater fish. To ensure a low-carbon future for global aquaculture, we contend that GHG assessments in fish-farming ponds must extend beyond the focus on diffusive water-atmosphere fluxes and include all emission pathways and possible carbon burial in the sediment. In parallel, we call for a better understanding of the biological, microbiological and physical drivers of aquaculture emissions to effectively support mitigation strategies to minimize the footprint of this nutritionally valuable protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarian Kosten
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rafael M Almeida
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Icaro Barbosa
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Mendonça
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Ive Santos Muzitano
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ernandes Sobreira Oliveira-Junior
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Ichthyology of the North Pantanal, University of the State of Mato Grosso, 78200-000 Cáceres, Brazil
| | - Renske J E Vroom
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nathan Barros
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
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13
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Yang P, Zhang Y, Yang H, Guo Q, Lai DYF, Zhao G, Li L, Tong C. Ebullition was a major pathway of methane emissions from the aquaculture ponds in southeast China. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116176. [PMID: 32693266 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture ponds are hotspots of carbon cycling and important anthropogenic sources of the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4). Despite the importance of CH4 ebullition in aquatic ecosystems, its magnitude and spatiotemporal variations in aquaculture ponds remain poorly understood. In this study, we determined the rates and spatiotemporal variations of ebullitive CH4 emissions from three mariculture ponds during the aquaculture period of two years at a subtropical estuary in southeast China. Our results showed that the mean ebullitive CH4 flux from the studied ponds was 14.9 mg CH4 m-2 h-1 during the aquaculture period and accounted for over 90% of the total CH4 emission, indicating the importance of ebullition as a major CH4 transport mechanism. Ebullitive CH4 emission demonstrated a clear seasonal pattern, with a peak value during the middle stage of aquaculture. Sediment temperature was found to be an important factor influencing the seasonal variations in CH4 ebullition. Ebullitive CH4 fluxes also exhibited considerable spatial variations within the ponds, with 49.7-71.8% of the whole pond CH4 ebullition being detected in the feeding zone where the large loading of sediment organic matter fueled CH4 production. Aquaculture ponds have much higher ebullitive CH4 effluxes than other aquatic ecosystems, which indicated the urgency to mitigate CH4 emission from aquaculture activities. Our findings highlighted that the importance of considering the large spatiotemporal variations in ebullitive CH4 flux in improving the accuracy of large-scale estimation of CH4 fluxes in aquatic ecosystems. Future studies should be conducted to characterize CH4 ebullitive fluxes over a greater number and diversity of aquaculture ponds and examine the mechanisms controlling CH4 ebullition in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China; Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK.
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Derrick Y F Lai
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Chuan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
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14
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Deng M, Dai Z, Senbati Y, Li L, Song K, He X. Aerobic Denitrification Microbial Community and Function in Zero-Discharge Recirculating Aquaculture System Using a Single Biofloc-Based Suspended Growth Reactor: Influence of the Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1760. [PMID: 32849387 PMCID: PMC7417430 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of aerobic denitrification on nitrogen removal was investigated using two zero-discharge biofloc-based recirculating aquaculture systems with representative carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios of 15 (CN15) and 20 (CN20). Aquaculture wastewater, residual feed, and fish feces were treated in an aerated suspended growth reactor (SGR, dissolved oxygen > 5.0 mg L–1). Low toxic NH3 (<0.1 mg L–1) and NO2–-N (<0.5 mg L–1) concentrations and high NO3–-N (83.3%) and NO2–-N (100%) removal efficiencies were achieved in the fish tank and SGR of CN20, respectively. The nitrogen mass balances indicated that the gaseous nitrogen loss accounted for 72–75% of the nitrogen input. Illumina sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that increasing the C/N ratio significantly increased the amount of aerobic denitrifying bacteria (Dechloromonas, Rhodobacter, Flavobacterium, and Zoogloea) and aerobic denitrifying functional genes (napA, nirK, and nosZ). Autotrophic Nitrosomonas was the dominant nitrifying bacteria in the CN15 system, and autotrophic (Nitrosomonas) and heterotrophic nitrifiers coexisted in the CN20 system. Moreover, the functional prediction analysis showed that the carbohydrate, energy, and amino acid metabolisms in the SGR of the latter increased. In conclusion, aerobic denitrification should widely exist in biofloc systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhili Dai
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, China
| | - Yeerken Senbati
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xugang He
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Huang F, Pan L, He Z, Zhang M, Zhang M. Identification, interactions, nitrogen removal pathways and performances of culturable heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria from mariculture water by using cell culture and metagenomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 732:139268. [PMID: 32402929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of aquaculture industry brings about significant environmental concerns, especially nitrogen pollution. Compared to nitrogen bioconversion implemented by the conventional autotrophic nitrifiers and anaerobic denitrifiers, bacteria capable of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HNAD) in mariculture environments have yet to be well understood. In this study, twenty-five species of new halophilic HNAD bacteria were isolated and identified from mariculture water. By these strains co-cultured in the synthetic mariculture water (ammonia: 5 mg/L, C/N: 5, salinity: 30‰), microbial dynamic analysis showed that ammonia were mainly removed by dominant genera of Marinomonas, Marinobacterium, Halomonas, and Cobetia which simultaneously had positive correlations to total nitrogen removal. Metagenomic annotations revealed that inorganic-N was converted into gaseous-N and organic-N by these HNAD bacteria through nitrogen metabolism pathways of assimilation, partial nitrification, nitroalkane oxidation, nitrate/nitrite dissimilation reduction, and denitrification. Among them, due to the interspecific coexistence and cooperation, Marinomonas communis &Halomonas titanicae, Marinomonas communis &Cobetia marina, Marinomonas aquimarina &Halomonas titanicae, and Marinomonas aquimarina &Cobetia marina exhibited significantly better inorganic-N removal efficiency and stability. The four novel bacterial consortia could transform approximately 60% of initial ammonia into intracellular organic-N (18-20%) and gaseous-N (36-38%), which were significantly higher than those of their single strains. These findings will contribute to understanding and developing the culturable HNAD bacteria as promising candidates for nitrogen pollution control and water bioremediation in mariculture or other saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Ziyan He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
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16
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Shaher S, Chanda A, Das S, Das I, Giri S, Samanta S, Hazra S, Mukherjee AD. Summer methane emissions from sewage water-fed tropical shallow aquaculture ponds characterized by different water depths. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18182-18195. [PMID: 32170622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture practices are steadily increasing to meet the fish demand, especially in tropical countries like India. However, efforts to characterize the contribution of these aquaculture ponds towards greenhouse gas emission like CH4 are still very few. CH4 concentration in water [pCH4(water)] and air-water CH4 fluxes were estimated (during the summer months) in two sewage-fed ponds having different depths situated in the East Kolkata Wetlands, India (a Ramsar site). pCH4(water) in both of these ponds showed significant positive correlation with water temperature (R2 = 0.68 and 0.71, p < 0.05). Daily mean chlorophyll-a, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and gross primary productivity (GPP) also showed positive correlation with pCH4(water). This indicated that higher primary production and presence of turbid materials acted as substrates for methanogenesis, which favoured air-water CH4 effluxes towards atmosphere. Mean air-water CH4 fluxes in the ponds having depth of 1.1 m and 0.6 m were observed to be 24.79 ± 12.02 mg m-2 h-1 and 6.05 ± 3.14 mg m-2 h-1 respectively. Higher depth facilitated net heterotrophic conditions, which led to lower dissolved oxygen levels, which, in turn, led to lower rate of CH4 oxidation. Moreover, under reduced photosynthetically active radiation (in the pond having greater depth), the pH values were comparatively lower (~7.7), which further facilitated a favourable condition for the methanogens to grow. On the whole, it was inferred that apart from pre-established physicochemical factors, depth was also found to play a decisive role in regulating the air-water CH4 fluxes from these aquaculture ponds. In future, continuous sampling should be carried out (by chamber method) to take into account the ebullition CH4 fluxes, and more number of ponds should be sampled throughout a complete annual cycle to have a more holistic understanding about this cluster of sewage-fed aquaculture ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Shaher
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Abhra Chanda
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
| | - Sourav Das
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Isha Das
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Sandip Giri
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
- Department of Environment, Govt. of West Bengal, Institute of Environmental Studies and Wetland Management, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Sourav Samanta
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Sugata Hazra
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Ananda Deb Mukherjee
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
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17
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Enwereuzoh U, Harding K, Low M. Characterization of biodiesel produced from microalgae grown on fish farm wastewater. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Li F, Feng J, Zhou X, Xu C, Haissam Jijakli M, Zhang W, Fang F. Impact of rice-fish/shrimp co-culture on the N 2O emission and NH 3 volatilization in intensive aquaculture ponds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:284-291. [PMID: 30471596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
How to reduce the gaseous nitrogen (N) pollution (N2O and NH3) of intensive aquaculture ponds to atmosphere has gained increasing attention for the sustainable development of aquaculture. In this study, we constructed a new rice-fish/shrimp co-culture system in aquaculture ponds by using a specially developed high-stalk rice variety, and performed a 2-year field experiment to investigate the effect of this system on the N2O and NH3 emissions from yellow catfish and freshwater shrimp ponds. The results showed that the mean emission factors of N2O and NH3 to the total N input in feed was 0.18% and 0.89% for catfish monoculture pond, and 2.46% and 13.45% for shrimp monoculture pond, respectively. Rice-fish/shrimp co-culture not only reduced the N2O and NH3 emission from rice platform of catfish and shrimp ponds, but also mitigated the N2O and NH3 emission from the ditch without rice planted. The total amount of N2O and NH3 were respectively mitigated by 85.6% and 26.0% for catfish pond, and by 108.3% and 22.6% for shrimp pond, as compared with that of monoculture ponds. Co-culture system was more effective on the mitigation of gaseous N loss in the catfish than shrimp ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbo Li
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Integrated and Urban Plant Pathology Laboratory, Université de Liège, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Jinfei Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiyue Zhou
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chunchun Xu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - M Haissam Jijakli
- Integrated and Urban Plant Pathology Laboratory, Université de Liège, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fuping Fang
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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19
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Wongkiew S, Park MR, Chandran K, Khanal SK. Aquaponic Systems for Sustainable Resource Recovery: Linking Nitrogen Transformations to Microbial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12728-12739. [PMID: 30264997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquaponics is a technology for food production (fish and vegetables/fruits) with concomitant remediation of nitrogen-rich aquaculture effluent. There is, however, a critical need to improve the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in aquaponics. Here, we employed quantitative polymerase chain reactions and next-generation sequencing to evaluate the bacterial communities and their links to nitrogen transformations for improving NUEs in four bench-scale plant-based floating-raft aquaponics (pak choi, lettuce, chive, and tomato) and three pH levels (7.0, 6.0, and 5.2). Low relative abundance of nitrifiers in plant roots and biofilters suggested nitrogen loss, which decreased NUE in aquaponics. Low pH level was a major factor that shifted the microbial communities and reduced the relative abundance of nitrifiers in aquaponic systems, leading to total ammonia nitrogen accumulation in recirculating water. In plant roots, the abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Nitrospira spp.) did not decrease at low pH levels, suggesting the benefit of growing plants in aquaponics for efficient nitrification and improving NUE. These findings on microbial communities and nitrogen transformations provided complementary strategies to improve the performance of the aquaponics regarding water quality and extent of nutrient recovery from aquaculture effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeth Wongkiew
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering , University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa , 1955 East-West Road , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96822 , United States
| | - Mee-Rye Park
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering , Columbia University , 500 West 120th Street , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering , Columbia University , 500 West 120th Street , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering , University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa , 1955 East-West Road , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96822 , United States
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20
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Fang Y, Chen X, Hu Z, Liu D, Gao H, Nie L. Effects of hydraulic retention time on the performance of algal-bacterial-based aquaponics (AA): focusing on nitrogen and oxygen distribution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9843-9855. [PMID: 30191289 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the performance of algal-bacterial-based aquaponics (AA) were investigated in this study. Both the highest fish growth and algal biomass increase were observed in the AA system at 2-day HRT, resulting in the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) (39.28%) in this microcosm. On the contrary, ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB) abundance at 4-day HRT was approximately ten times higher than that at 2-day HRT, since longer HRT would benefit bacterial growth. The 15N labeling study showed that microalgae assimilation was the main pathway of NH4+ removal in the AA system, and oxygen produced by microalgae could in situ support complete nitrification, thus leading to much lower NH4+ concentrations at 2-day HRT. Accordingly, better water quality was achieved at 2-day HRT. Considering all the factors, HRT of 2-day was considered to be optimal for the AA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xinhan Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Daoxing Liu
- Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Shandong Academy of Environmental Science, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hang Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lichao Nie
- Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, Shandong, China
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21
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Yang P, Zhang Y, Lai DYF, Tan L, Jin B, Tong C. Fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane across the water-atmosphere interface of aquaculture shrimp ponds in two subtropical estuaries: The effect of temperature, substrate, salinity and nitrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1025-1035. [PMID: 29710558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While aquaculture pond is a dominant land use/cover type and a distinct aquatic ecosystem in the coastal zones of China and southeast Asia, their contributions to the fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have only been poorly quantified. Fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in the shrimp ponds with different salinities were simultaneously measured in situ using the floating chamber technique in two different subtropical estuaries, namely, the Min River Estuary (MRE) and Jiulong River Estuary (JRE). The average CO2 and CH4 fluxes in the shrimp ponds over the observation periods varied from -2.09 to 3.37mmol CO2 m-2h-1 and from 0.28 to 16.28mmol CH4 m-2h-1, respectively, with higher fluxes being detected during the middle stage of aquaculture. The temporal variation of CO2 and CH4 fluxes in both estuaries ponds closely followed the seasonal cycle of temperature. Higher CH4 emissions were observed in MRE ponds than in JRE ponds because of the lower water salinity and N-NO3- concentrations as well as a greater supply of carbon substrates. Our findings suggested that shrimp ponds were CH4 emission "hotspots" in the subtropical estuaries of China. Based on a new global warming potential model, we conservatively estimated an anuual GHG emission rate of approximately 63.68Tg CO2-eq during the culture period from aquaculture ponds across the subtropical estuaries of China. Our results demonstrate the importance of aquaculture ponds as a major GHG source and a contributor to climate warming in the subtropical estuarine regions of China, and call for effective regulation of GHG emissions from these ponds for climate mitigation in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
| | - Derrick Y F Lai
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lishan Tan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
| | - Baoshi Jin
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
| | - Chuan Tong
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China.
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22
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Yogev U, Atari A, Gross A. Nitrous oxide emissions from near-zero water exchange brackish recirculating aquaculture systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:603-610. [PMID: 29454201 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) with low water exchange has accelerated in recent years as a result of environmental, economic and other concerns. In these systems, fish are commonly grown at high density, 50 to 150kg/m3, using high-protein (30%-60%) feeds. Typically, the RAS consists of a solid treatment and a nitrification unit; in more advanced RAS, there is an additional denitrification step. Nitrous oxide (N2O), a byproduct during nitrification and denitrification processes, is a potent greenhouse gas that destroys the ozone layer. The aim of this study was to measure and assess N2O emissions from a near-zero discharge land-based saline RAS. N2O flux was monitored from the RAS's fish tank, and moving-bed nitrification and activated-sludge (with intrinsic C source) denitrification reactors. N2O emission potential was also analyzed in the laboratory. N2O flux from the denitrification reactors ranged between 6.5 and 48mg/day, equivalent to 1.27±1.01% of the removed nitrate-N. Direct analysis from the fish tank and nitrification reactors could not be performed due to high aeration, which diluted the N2O concentration to below detection limits. Thus, its potential emission was estimated in the laboratory: from the fishponds, it was negligible; from the nitrification reactor, it ranged between 0.4 and 2.8% of the total ammonia-N oxidized. The potential N2O emission from the denitrification reactor was 3.72±2.75% of the reduced nitrate-N, within the range found in the direct measurement. Overall, N2O emission during N transformation in a RAS was evaluated to be 885mg/kg feed or 1.36g/kg fish production, accounting for 1.23% of total N application. Consequently, it is estimated that N2O emission from aquaculture currently accounts for 2.4% of the total agricultural N2O emission, but will decrease to 1.7% by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Yogev
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Adiel Atari
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Amit Gross
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel.
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23
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Santhana Kumar V, Pandey PK, Anand T, Bhuvaneswari GR, Dhinakaran A, Kumar S. Biofloc improves water, effluent quality and growth parameters of Penaeus vannamei in an intensive culture system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 215:206-215. [PMID: 29573671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofloc technology was evaluated with a view to analyse utilization of nitrogenous waste from the effluent and to improve water quality and growth parameters of Penaeus vannamei in intensive culture system. The experiment was carried out in two different treatment outdoor earthen ponds of 0.12 ha, one supplemented with carbon source (molasses, wheat and sugar) for biofloc formation and other was feed based control pond with a stocking density of 60 animals m-2 in duplicate for 120 days. Water, sediment and P. vannamei were sampled at regular intervals from the both set of ponds for evaluating physico-chemical parameters, nitrogen content and growth parameters, respectively. A significant reduction in the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite (NO2-N) were found in the biofloc pond than that of control pond. A significant low level of nitrogen was recorded in the effluents of biofloc pond in comparison to the control. In biofloc system, a significantly elevated heterotrophic bacterial count along with reduction in total Vibrio count was noticed. A significant improvement in the feed conversion efficiency (FCR) and growth parameters of P. vannamei was noticed in the biofloc pond. Growth of P. vannamei in the biofloc pond showed positive allometric pattern with an increased survival. The microbial biomass grown in biofloc consumes toxic inorganic nitrogen and converts it into useful protein, making it available for the cultured shrimp. This improved FCR and reduced the discharge of nitrogenous waste into adjacent environment, making intensive shrimp farming an eco-friendly enterprise.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Santhana Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - P K Pandey
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (I), Agartala 799210, Tripura, India
| | - Theivasigamani Anand
- College of Fisheries Engineering, Tamilnadu Fisheries University, Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G Rathi Bhuvaneswari
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Dhinakaran
- College of Fisheries Engineering, Tamilnadu Fisheries University, Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India.
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24
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Yang P, Lai DYF, Huang JF, Tong C. Effect of drainage on CO 2, CH 4, and N 2O fluxes from aquaculture ponds during winter in a subtropical estuary of China. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 65:72-82. [PMID: 29548413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture ponds are dominant features of the landscape in the coastal zone of China. Generally, aquaculture ponds are drained during the non-culture period in winter. However, the effects of such drainage on the production and flux of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from aquaculture ponds are largely unknown. In the present study, field-based research was performed to compare the GHG fluxes between one drained pond (DP, with a water depth of 0.05m) and one undrained pond (UDP, with a water depth of 1.16m) during one winter in the Min River estuary of southeast China. Over the entire study period, the mean CO2 flux in the DP was (0.75±0.12) mmol/(m2·hr), which was significantly higher than that in the UDP of (-0.49±0.09) mmol/(m2·hr) (p<0.01). This indicates that drainage drastically transforms aquaculture ponds from a net sink to a net source of CO2 in winter. Mean CH4 and N2O emissions were significantly higher in the DP compared to those in the UDP (CH4=(0.66±0.31) vs. (0.07±0.06) mmol/(m2·hr) and N2O=(19.54±2.08) vs. (0.01±0.04) µmol/(m2·hr)) (p<0.01), suggesting that drainage would also significantly enhance CH4 and N2O emissions. Changes in environmental variables (including sediment temperature, pH, salinity, redox status, and water depth) contributed significantly to the enhanced GHG emissions following pond drainage. Furthermore, analysis of the sustained-flux global warming and cooling potentials indicated that the combined global warming potentials of the GHG fluxes were significantly higher in the DP than in the UDP (p<0.01), with values of 739.18 and 26.46mgCO2-eq/(m2·hr), respectively. Our findings suggested that drainage of aquaculture ponds can increase the emissions of potent GHGs from the coastal zone of China to the atmosphere during winter, further aggravating the problem of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education of China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Derrick Y F Lai
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, and Centre for Environmental Policy and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia F Huang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education of China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chuan Tong
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education of China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
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25
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Wu S, Chen J, Li C, Kong D, Yu K, Liu S, Zou J. Diel and seasonal nitrous oxide fluxes determined by floating chamber and gas transfer equation methods in agricultural irrigation watersheds in southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:122. [PMID: 29417234 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural nitrate leaching and runoff incurs high nitrogen loads in agricultural irrigation watersheds, constituting one of important sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O). Two independent sampling campaigns of N2O flux measurement over diel cycles and N2O flux measurements once a week over annual cycles were carried out in an agricultural irrigation watershed in southeast China using floating chamber (chamber-based) and gas transfer equation (model-based) methods. The diel and seasonal patterns of N2O fluxes did not differ between the two measurement methods. The diel variation in N2O fluxes was characterized by the pattern that N2O fluxes were greater during nighttime than daytime periods with a single flux peak at midnight. The diel variation in N2O fluxes was closely associated with water environment and chemistry. The time interval of 9:00-11:00 a.m. was identified to be the sampling time best representing daily N2O flux measurements in agricultural irrigation watersheds. Seasonal N2O fluxes showed large variation, with some flux peaks corresponding to agricultural irrigation and drainage episodes and heavy rainfall during the crop-growing period of May to November. On average, N2O fluxes calculated by model-based methods were 27% lower than those determined by the chamber-based techniques over diel or annual cycles. Overall, more measurement campaigns are highly needed to assess regional agricultural N2O budget with low uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Delei Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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26
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Fang Y, Hu Z, Zou Y, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Nie L. Improving nitrogen utilization efficiency of aquaponics by introducing algal-bacterial consortia. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:358-364. [PMID: 28898831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquaponics is a promising technology combining aquaculture with hydroponics. In this study, algal-bacterial consortia were introduced into aquaponics, i.e., algal-bacterial based aquaponics (AA), to improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) of aquaponics. The results showed that the NUE of AA was 13.79% higher than that of media-based aquaponics (MA). In addition, higher NO3- removal by microalgae assimilation led to better water quality in AA, which made up for the deficiencies of poor aquaponic management of nitrate. As a result of lower NO3- concentrations and dramatically higher dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations caused by microalgae photosynthesis in the photobioreactor, the N2O emission of AA was 89.89% lower than that of MA, although nosZ gene abundance in MA's hydroponic bed was approximately 30 times over that in AA. Considering the factors mentioned above, AA would improve the sustainability of aquaponics and have a good application foreground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Yina Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Zhuoran Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jianda Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Hebei Normal University, 20# East Road of Southern 2nd Ring, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Lichao Nie
- Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
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27
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Methanogenic community compositions in surface sediment of freshwater aquaculture ponds and the influencing factors. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 111:115-124. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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28
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Bossier P, Ekasari J. Biofloc technology application in aquaculture to support sustainable development goals. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1012-1016. [PMID: 28941177 PMCID: PMC5609229 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofloc technology (BFT) application offers benefits in improving aquaculture production that could contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals. This technology could result in higher productivity with less impact to the environment. Furthermore, biofloc systems may be developed and performed in integration with other food production, thus promoting productive integrated systems, aiming at producing more food and feed from the same area of land with fewer input. The biofloc technology is still in its infant stage. A lot more research is needed to optimise the system (in relation to operational parameters) e.g. in relation to nutrient recycling, MAMP production, immunological effects. In addition research findings will need to be communicated to farmers as the implementation of biofloc technology will require upgrading their skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bossier
- Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Ekasari
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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29
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Taxonomy of Means and Ends in Aquaculture Production—Part 1: The Functions. WATER 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/w8080319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Zou Y, Hu Z, Zhang J, Xie H, Liang S, Wang J, Yan R. Attempts to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency of aquaponics through nitrifies addition and filler gradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6671-6679. [PMID: 26645232 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquaponics has attracted worldwide attention in recent years and is considered as an alternative technology for conventional aquaculture. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and pakchoi (Brassica chinensis) were cultured in lab-scale aquaponics, and attempts were conducted to enhance its nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) through two optimization methods, i.e., nitrifies addition (NA) and filler gradation (FG). Results showed that NA and FG could improve the NUE of aquaponics by 8.8 and 16.0%, respectively, compared with control. The total ammonia (TAN) and nitrite (NO2(-)) concentrations in NA and FG systems were maintained at relatively low level (TAN < 0.5 mg/L, NO2(-) < 0.1 mg/L), which demonstrated that both the NA and FG could provide non-toxic water environment for fish culture. Nitrous oxide conversion ratio of the control, NA, and FG were 0.8, 1.2, and 1.7%, respectively, indicating that media-based aquaponics also contributed to global warming. Although the two proposed attempts in this study caused more N2O emission, they made new breakthrough in improving the NUE of aquaponics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Huijun Xie
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- School of City Planning and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Construction University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Runxin Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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31
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Liu S, Hu Z, Wu S, Li S, Li Z, Zou J. Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions Reduced Following Conversion of Rice Paddies to Inland Crab-Fish Aquaculture in Southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:633-642. [PMID: 26669815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is an important source of atmospheric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), while few direct flux measurements are available for their regional and global source strength estimates. A parallel field experiment was performed to measure annual CH4 and N2O fluxes from rice paddies and rice paddy-converted inland crab-fish aquaculture wetlands in southeast China. Besides N2O fluxes dependent on water/sediment mineral N and CH4 fluxes related to water chemical oxygen demand, both CH4 and N2O fluxes from aquaculture were related to water/sediment temperature, sediment dissolved organic carbon, and water dissolved oxygen concentration. Annual CH4 and N2O fluxes from inland aquaculture averaged 0.37 mg m(-2) h(-1) and 48.1 μg m(-2) h(-1), yielding 32.57 kg ha(-1) and 2.69 kg N2O-N ha(-1), respectively. The conversion of rice paddies to aquaculture significantly reduced CH4 and N2O emissions by 48% and 56%, respectively. The emission factor for N2O was estimated to be 0.66% of total N input in the feed or 1.64 g N2O-N kg(-1) aquaculture production in aquaculture. The conversion of rice paddies to inland aquaculture would benefit for reconciling greenhouse gas mitigation and agricultural income increase as far as global warming potentials and net ecosystem economic profits are of concomitant concern. Some agricultural practices such as better aeration and feeding, and fallow season dredging would help to lower CH4 and N2O emissions from inland aquaculture. More field measurements from inland aquaculture are highly needed to gain an insight into national and global accounting of CH4 and N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaofu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
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Hu Z, Lee JW, Chandran K, Kim S, Brotto AC, Khanal SK. Effect of plant species on nitrogen recovery in aquaponics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 188:92-8. [PMID: 25650140 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen transformations in aquaponics with different edible plant species, i.e., tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and pak choi (Brassica campestris L. subsp. chinensis) were systematically examined and compared. Results showed that nitrogen utilization efficiencies (NUE) of tomato- and pak choi-based aquaponic systems were 41.3% and 34.4%, respectively. The abundance of nitrifying bacteria in tomato-based aquaponics was 4.2-folds higher than that in pak choi-based aquaponics, primarily due to its higher root surface area. In addition, tomato-based aquaponics had better water quality than that of pak choi-based aquaponics. About 1.5-1.9% of nitrogen input were emitted to atmosphere as nitrous oxide (N2O) in tomato- and pak choi-based aquaponic systems, respectively, suggesting that aquaponics is a potential anthropogenic source of N2O emission. Overall, this is the first intensive study that examined the role plant species played in aquaponics, which could provide new strategy in designing and operating an aquaponic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 339-700, South Korea
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 339-700, South Korea
| | - Ariane Coelho Brotto
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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