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Guo H, Jin L, Huang S. Effect of PM characterization on PM oxidative potential by acellular assays: a review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:461-470. [PMID: 32589608 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The health risks brought by particles cannot be present via a sole parameter. Instead, the particulate matter oxidative potential (PM OP), which expresses combined redox properties of particles, is used as an integrated metric to assess associated hazards and particle-induced health effects. OP definition provides the capacity of PM toward target oxidation. The latest technologies of a cellular OP measurement has been growing in relevant studies. In this review, OP measurement techniques are focused on discussing along with PM characterization because of many related studies via OP measurements investigating relationship with human health. Many OP measurement methods, such as dithiothreitol (DTT), ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH) assay and other a cellular assays, are used to study the association between PM toxicity and PM characterization that make different responses, including PM components, size and sources. Briefly, AA and DTT assays are sensitive to metals (such as copper, manganese and iron etc.) and organics (quinones, VOCs and PAH). Measured OP have significant association with certain PM-related end points, for example, lung cancer, COPD and asthma. Literature has found that exposure to measured OP has higher risk ratios than sole PM mass, which may be containing the PM health-relevant fraction. PM characterization effect on health via OP measurement display a promising method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Sijing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Unraveling the blood transcriptome after real-life exposure of Wistar-rats to PM2.5, PM1 and water-soluble metals in the ambient air. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1469-1479. [PMID: 33194559 PMCID: PMC7645421 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a “real-life” exposure system to ambient PM1 and PM2.5 particles for Wistar rats. Blood transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes as candidate biomarkers in PM1 and PM2.5 groups. Pathway analysis revealed differentially regulated gene expression in inflammation signaling. Identification of candidate metals for possible correlation with the identified candidate genes leading to the development of AOPs.
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is one of the most important environmental issues in Europe with major health impact. Various sizes of PM are suspended in the atmosphere and contributes to ambient air pollution. The current study aimed to explore the differential gene expression in blood, and the effect on the respective biological signaling pathways in Wistar rats, after exposure to PM2.5 and PM1 ambient air particles for an eight-week period. A control group was included with animals breathing non-filtered atmospheric air. In parallel, filtered PM2.5 and PM1 was collected in separate samplers. The results after whole genome microarray analysis showed 23 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and PM2.5 group. In addition, pairwise comparison between control and PM1 group displayed 5635 DEGs linked to 69 biological pathways involved in inflammatory response, cell cycle and carcinogenicity. The smaller the size of the inhaled particles, the more gene alterations are triggered compared to non-filtered air group. More specifically, in inflammation signaling procedures differentially regulated gene expression was shown for interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-7, IL-1, IL-5, IL-9, IL-6 and IL-2. We have identified that RASGFR1, TRIM65, TRIM33, PLEKHB1, CAR4, S100A8, S100A9, ALPL, NP4 and the PROK2 genes are potential targets for the development of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) due to “real-life” exposure of Wistar rats. Particle measurements during the exposure period showed elevated concentrations of Fe, Mn and Zn in both PM1 and PM2.5 filter fractions, and of Cu in PM2.5. In addition, water-soluble concentration of metals showed significant differences between PM1 and PM2.5 fractions for V, Zn, As, Pb and Mn. In summary, in this study specific gene biomarkers of exposure to ambient air have been identified and heavy metals that are possibly linked to their altered regulation have been found. The results of this research will pave the way for the development of novel AOPs concerning the health effects of the environmental pollution.
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Lopes Costa SS, Alves JC, Almeida TS, Ribeiro VS, Azzolin Frescura Bascuñan VL, Andrade Maranhão T, Borges Garcia CA, Olímpio da Rocha G, Oliveira Araujo RG. Seasonality of airborne trace element sources in Aracaju, Northeastern, Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:19-28. [PMID: 31229782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work the urban area of Aracaju city, located in the State of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil was the site for simultaneous collection of suspended particles (TSP) and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) aiming an evaluation of the air quality parameters. Concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and V in TSP and PM10 were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Iron was the most abundant element found in both particulate samples. Through chemometric tools, it was possible to point out that the contributions to the TSP and PM10 formation are similar, and strong correlations were observed between Fe-Mn (0.83) and Cd-Pb (0.93) in TSP, and Fe-Mn (0.90), Fe-Cu (0.81) and Cd-Pb (0.97) in PM10, an evidence that these species are from sources related mainly to soil resuspension and vehicular traffic. Enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed an influence of fossil fuel burning in the composition of TSP and PM10. Through principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) it was observed particle size distribution groupings according to its aerodynamic size. Evaluation of the concentrations obtained for the collected samples according to the seasons (dry and rainy), indicated the influence of both, biogenic (resuspension of soil and marine aerosols) and anthropic (vehicle traffic and biomass burning) sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvânio Silvério Lopes Costa
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Núcleo de Competência Em Petróleo, Gás e Biocombustíveis, Laboratório de Tecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Cavalcante Alves
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Química Analítica Ambiental, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Tarcísio Silva Almeida
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Vaniele Souza Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano, Campus Guanambi, Guanambi, Bahia, 46430-000, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Azzolin Frescura Bascuñan
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Andrade Maranhão
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Borges Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Núcleo de Competência Em Petróleo, Gás e Biocombustíveis, Laboratório de Tecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Química Analítica Ambiental, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele Olímpio da Rocha
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araujo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Castro-Gálvez Z, Garrido-Armas M, Palacios-Arreola MI, Torres-Flores U, Rivera-Torruco G, Valle-Rios R, Amador-Muñoz O, Hernández-Hernández A, Arenas-Huertero F. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Benzo[ghi]perylene on the human bronchial cell line NL-20. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104645. [PMID: 31518672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[ghi]perylene is the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the atmosphere of highly polluted cities with high altitudes like Mexico City. We evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic effects that Benzo[ghi]perylene could induce to the bronchial cell line NL-20 after 3 h of exposure. Furthermore, exposed cells were washed and maintained for 24 h without the treatment (recovery time), in order to evaluate a persistent damage to the cells. We found that at 3 h of exposure, 20% and 47% of the cells displayed cytoplasmic vesicles (p <0.05) and ɣH2AX foci in the nuclei (p <0.05), respectively. Furthermore, 27% of cells showed translocation of the factor inductor apoptosis into the nuclei (p <0.05) and an increase of proliferating cells was also observed (21%, p <0.05). The cells after recovery time continued displaying morphological changes and ɣH2AX foci, despite of the increased expression (> 2-times fold change) of some DNA repair genes (p <0.05) found before the recovery time. We also found that the cell nuclei contained Benzo[ghi]perylene after the exposure and it remains there after the recovery time (p <0.01). Therefore, hereby we report the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects that Benzo[ghi]perylene is capable to induce to NL-20 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelmy Castro-Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico
| | - Mónika Garrido-Armas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico
| | - Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola
- Laboratorio de Especiación Química de Aerosoles Orgánicos Atmosféricos y Desarrollo de Tecnologías Verdes, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ulises Torres-Flores
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Rivera-Torruco
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Unidad Universitaria de Investigación, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico
| | - Ricardo Valle-Rios
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Unidad Universitaria de Investigación, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
| | - Omar Amador-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Especiación Química de Aerosoles Orgánicos Atmosféricos y Desarrollo de Tecnologías Verdes, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Abrahan Hernández-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico; Unidad de Biología de Células Individuales (Biocelin), Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico
| | - Francisco Arenas-Huertero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico.
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Li R, Han Y, Wang L, Shang Y, Chen Y. Differences in oxidative potential of black carbon from three combustion emission sources in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 240:57-65. [PMID: 30928795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is mainly derived from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, and poses a serious threat to human health. Actual BC from extensive emission sources presents a variety of characteristics that are likely associated with different oxidative potentials (OP) and health endpoints. In the present study, BC derived from three main emission sources (residential coal combustion, biomass burning, and diesel engine exhaust) in China was subjected to physiochemical characterization and its OP was tested using dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. In order to obtain actual BC, the water-soluble part (WS) and organic extract (OE) were eluted successively from PM and the residue particle (RP) were reserved. PM from diesel vehicles had the most effective DTT consumption capacity, followed by PM from biomass and coal burning. And the OP of PM was mostly attributed to its RP part which mainly consisted of metals and BC. SEM/TEM, OC/EC, IC, and ICP-MS measurements confirmed that soluble ions and organic compounds were washed off effectively, while some metals were still retained in the RP part. Thus, the OP of BC was evaluated after adding DTPA to inhibit DTT activity caused by metals in the RP. Significant differences in OP and physiochemical characteristics of BC from the three emission sources were observed. BC from diesel exhaust exhibited the highest DTT activity (15.5 ± 12.6 pmol min-1 μg-1) compared to that of BC from biomass (2.5 ± 1.0 pmol min-1 μg-1) and coal (1.3 ± 0.5 pmol min-1 μg-1) burning. Diesel exhaust BC, which was emitted under the highest combustion temperature, had the smallest size. Coal consumption in China contributes to the highest amount of BC mass emission, but our result indicates that diesel exhaust BC has the greatest OP. An emission inventory based on health impacts is urgently needed to control air pollution sources in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yong Han
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Velali E, Papachristou E, Pantazaki A, Besis A, Samara C, Labrianidis C, Lialiaris T. In vitro cellular toxicity induced by extractable organic fractions of particles exhausted from urban combustion sources - Role of PAHs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1166-1176. [PMID: 30266006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The bioactivity of the extractable organic matter (EOM) of particulate matter (PM) exhausted from major urban combustion sources, including residential heating installations (wood-burning fireplace and oil-fired boiler) and vehicular exhaust from gasoline and diesel cars), was investigated in vitro by employing multiple complementary cellular and bacterial assays. Cytotoxic responses were investigated by applying the MTT ((3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)) bioassay and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release bioassay on human lung cells (MRC-5). Sister Chromatids Exchange (SCE) genotoxicity was measured on human peripheral lymphocytes. Lipid peroxidation potential via reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated on E. coli bacterial cells by measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA) end product. Furthermore, the DNA damage induced by the organic PM fractions was evaluated by the reporter (β-galactosidase) gene expression assay in the bacterial cells, and, by examining the fragmentation of chromosomal DNA on agarose gel electrophoresis. The correlations between the source PM-induced biological endpoints and the PM content in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as typical molecular markers of combustion, were investigated. Fireplace wood smoke particles exhibited by far the highest content in total and carcinogenic PAHs followed by oil boilers, diesel and gasoline emissions. However, in all bioassays, the total EOM-induced toxicity, normalized to PM mass, was highest for diesel cars equipped with Diesel Particle Filter (DPF). No correlation between the toxicological endpoints and the PAHs content was observed suggesting that cytotoxicity and genotoxicity are probably driven by other extractable organic compounds than the commonly measured unsubstituted PAHs. Clearly, further research is needed to elucidate the role of PAHs in the biological effects induced by both, combustion emissions, and ambient air particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterini Velali
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Papachristou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Besis
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Christos Labrianidis
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Demokrition University of Thrace, GR-68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theodore Lialiaris
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Demokrition University of Thrace, GR-68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Shafer MM, Hemming JDC, Antkiewicz DS, Schauer JJ. Oxidative potential of size-fractionated atmospheric aerosol in urban and rural sites across Europe. Faraday Discuss 2018; 189:381-405. [PMID: 27116365 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00196j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we applied several assays, an in vitro rat alveolar macrophage model, a chemical ROS probe (DTT, dithiothreitol), and cytokine induction (TNFα) to examine relationships between PM-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and PM composition, using a unique set of size-resolved PM samples obtained from urban and rural environments across Europe. From April-July 2012, we collected PM from roadside canyon, roadside motorway, and background urban sites in each of six European cities and from three rural sites spanning the continent. A Hi-Vol sampler was used to collect PM in three size classes (PM>7, PM7-3, PM3) and PM was characterized for total elements, and oxidative activity quantified in unfiltered and filtered PM extracts. We measured a remarkable uniformity in air concentrations of ROS and especially DTT activity across the continent. Only a 4-fold difference was documented for DTT across the urban sites and a similar variance was documented for ROS, implying that chemical drivers of oxidative activity are relatively similar between sites. The ROS and DTT specific activity was greater at urban background sites (and also rural sites) than at urban canyon locations. PM3 dominated the size distribution of both ROS activity (86% of total) and DTT activity (76% of total), reflecting both the large contribution of PM3 to total PM mass levels and importantly the higher specific oxidative activity of the PM3 in comparison with the larger particles. The soluble fraction of total activity was very high for DTT (94%) as well as for ROS (64%) in the PM3. However in the larger PM size fractions the contributions of the insoluble components became increasingly significant. The dominance of the insoluble PM drivers of activity was particularly evident in the TNFα data, where the insoluble contribution to cytokine production could be 100-fold greater than that from soluble components. ROS and DTT activity were strongly correlated in the PM3 (r = 0.93), however oxidative activity was not correlated with any measured inorganic element in this size cut. In contrast, significant correlations of both ROS and DTT oxidative activity with specific groups of chemical elements were documented in the larger PM size fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Shafer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park St., Madison, WI 53706, USA. and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, USA
| | - Jocelyn D C Hemming
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, USA
| | - Dagmara S Antkiewicz
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, USA
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park St., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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8
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On the Redox Activity of Urban Aerosol Particles: Implications for Size Distribution and Relationships with Organic Aerosol Components. ATMOSPHERE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos8100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Emmanouil-Nikoloussi EN. Air pollution and prenatal development. Reprod Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Velali E, Papachristou E, Pantazaki A, Choli-Papadopoulou T, Argyrou N, Tsourouktsoglou T, Lialiaris S, Constantinidis A, Lykidis D, Lialiaris TS, Besis A, Voutsa D, Samara C. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced in vitro by solvent-extractable organic matter of size-segregated urban particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:1350-1362. [PMID: 27613321 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Three organic fractions of different polarity, including a non polar organic fraction (NPOF), a moderately polar organic fraction (MPOF), and a polar organic fraction (POF) were obtained from size-segregated (<0.49, 0.49-0.97, 0.97-3 and >3 μm) urban particulate matter (PM) samples, and tested for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using a battery of in vitro assays. The cytotoxicity induced by the organic PM fractions was measured by the mitochondrial dehydrogenase (MTT) cell viability assay applied on MRC-5 human lung epithelial cells. DNA damages were evaluated through the comet assay, determination of the poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity, and the oxidative DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation, while pro-inflammatory effects were assessed by determination of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mediator release. In addition, the Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) inducibility of the solvent-extractable organic matter was measured on human peripheral lymphocyte. Variations of responses were assessed in relation to the polarity (hence the expected composition) of the organic PM fractions, particle size, locality, and season. Organic PM fractions were found to induce rather comparable Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PM appeared to be rather independent from the polarity of the extractable organic PM matter (EOM) with POF often being relatively more toxic than NPOF or MPOF. All assays indicated stronger mass-normalized bioactivity for fine than coarse particles peaking in the 0.97-3 and/or the 0.49-0.97 μm size ranges. Nevertheless, the air volume-normalized bioactivity in all assays was highest for the <0.49 μm size range highlighting the important human health risk posed by the inhalation of these quasi-ultrafine particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterini Velali
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Papachristou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Theodora Choli-Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Argyrou
- Demokrition University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Theodora Tsourouktsoglou
- Demokrition University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Stergios Lialiaris
- Demokrition University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Alexandros Constantinidis
- Demokrition University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Lykidis
- Demokrition University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Thedore S Lialiaris
- Demokrition University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Athanasios Besis
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Velali E, Papachristou E, Pantazaki A, Choli-Papadopoulou T, Planou S, Kouras A, Manoli E, Besis A, Voutsa D, Samara C. Redox activity and in vitro bioactivity of the water-soluble fraction of urban particulate matter in relation to particle size and chemical composition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:774-786. [PMID: 26586634 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical and toxicological characterization of the water-soluble fraction of size-segregated urban particulate matter (PM) (<0.49, 0.49-0.97, 0.97-1.5, 1.5-3.0, 3.0-7.2 and >7.2 μm) was carried out at two urban sites, traffic and urban background, during the cold and the warm period. Chemical analysis of the water-soluble PM fraction included ionic species (NO3(-), SO4(2-), Cl(-), Na(+), NH4(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+)), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Ca, and Mg). The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay was employed for the abiotic assessment of the oxidative PM activity. Cytotoxic responses were investigated in vitro by applying the mitochondrial dehydrogenase (MTT) and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) bioassays on human lung cells (MRC-5), while DNA damage was estimated by the single cell gel electrophoresis assay, known as Comet assay. The correlations between the observed bioactivity responses and the concentrations of water-soluble chemical PM constituents in the various size ranges were investigated. The results of the current study corroborate that short-term bioassays using lung human cells and abiotic assays, such as the DTT assay, could be relevant to complete the routine chemical analysis and to obtain a preliminary screening of the potential effects of PM-associated airborne pollutants on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterini Velali
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Eleni Papachristou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Anastasia Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Theodora Choli-Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Styliani Planou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Athanasios Kouras
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Evangelia Manoli
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Athanasios Besis
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki Greece.
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