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Ruiz Manzano RA, Nava-Castro KE, Palacios-Arreola MI, Hernández-Cervantes R, Del Río-Araiza VH, Segovia-Mendoza M, Pérez-Torres A, Girón-Pérez MI, Morales-Montor J. Intratumoral Treatment with 5-Androstene-3β, 17α-Diol Reduces Tumor Size and Lung Metastasis in a Triple-Negative Experimental Model of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911944. [PMID: 36233245 PMCID: PMC9570136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer treatment failure is related to low response rates, high costs, and long-term toxicities. Thus, it is necessary to find less toxic, cheaper, and more effective treatments. In situ administration ensures drug delivery to tumor cells and decreases systemic toxic effects. The androstene-3β, 17α-diol (α-AED) reduces breast tumor cell proliferation and is an ideal candidate to treat mammary tumors. This study aims to identify the in vitro and in vivo effects of α-AED on a triple-negative mammary tumor model. An in vitro biphasic steroid effect was observed in mouse and human mammary tumor cells treated with α-AED. In this sense, cells treated with higher doses (100 and 200 μM) showed an antiproliferative effect. The α-AED administrated intratumorally reduced average tumor weight and increased the percentage of natural killer cells (NK), plasmatic, and plasmablast cells in mice tumors. Of note, VEGF levels in all α-AED-treated tumors was lower than in the control and vehicle groups. The tumor in situ increased response was reflected systemically by higher anti-4T1 IgG concentration in serum from α-AED-treated mice, but no other associated systemic changes were detected. The reduction in tumor size for the local injection of α-AED is associated with the anti-proliferative effect of this steroid, and the lower local levels of VEGF may be related to the imperceptible macroscopic metastasis in α-AED-treated mice. The above suggests that α-AED may be used in clinical studies to prove its efficacy as an alternative breast tumor treatment or in conjunction with already established therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Alejandra Ruiz Manzano
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
- Grupo de Biología y Química Atmosférica, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola
- Grupo de Biología y Química Atmosférica, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Rosalía Hernández-Cervantes
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Del Río-Araiza
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Departamento de Biologia Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A, 4to Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria, Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Segovia-Mendoza M, Palacios-Arreola MI, Monroy-Escamilla LM, Soto-Piña AE, Nava-Castro KE, Becerril-Alarcón Y, Camacho-Beiza R, Aguirre-Quezada DE, Cardoso-Peña E, Amador-Muñoz O, Garduño-García JDJ, Morales-Montor J. Association of Serum Levels of Plasticizers Compounds, Phthalates and Bisphenols, in Patients and Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Real Connection? IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19138040. [PMID: 35805702 PMCID: PMC9265398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenols are ubiquitous environmental pollutants with the ability to perturb different systems. Specifically, they can alter the endocrine system, and this is why they are also known as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). Interestingly, they are related to the development and progression of breast cancer (BC), but the threshold concentrations at which they trigger that are not well established. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the concentration measures of parent EDCs in three groups of women (without BC, with BC, and BC survivors) from two urban populations in Mexico, to establish a possible association between EDCs and this disease. We consider the measure of the parent compounds would reflect the individual’s exposure. Methods: The levels of di-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate (DEHP), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-ethyl-phthalate (DEP), bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) were determined by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry in 102 subjects, including 37 women without any pathological disease, 46 patients with BC and 19 women survivals of BC of Mexico and Toluca City. Results: All phthalates were detected in 100% of women, two of them were significantly higher in patients with different BC subtypes in Mexico City. Differential increases were observed mainly in the serum concentration of phthalates in women with BC compared to women without disease between Mexico and Toluca City. In addition, when performing an analysis of the concentrations of phthalates by molecular type of BC, DEP and BBP were found mainly in aggressive and poorly differentiated types of BC. It should be noted that female BC survivors treated with anti-hormonal therapy showed lower levels of BBP than patients with BC. BPA and BPS were found in most samples from Mexico City. However, BPS was undetectable in women from Toluca City. Discussion: The results of our study support the hypothesis of a positive association between exposure to phthalates and BC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.S.-M.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola
- Grupo de Especiación Química de Aerosoles Orgánicos Atmosféricos, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (M.I.P.-A.); (O.A.-M.)
| | | | - Alexandra Estela Soto-Piña
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50000, Mexico; (A.E.S.-P.); (Y.B.-A.); (R.C.-B.); (E.C.-P.); (J.d.J.G.-G.)
| | - Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
- Grupo de Biología y Química Ambientales, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Yizel Becerril-Alarcón
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50000, Mexico; (A.E.S.-P.); (Y.B.-A.); (R.C.-B.); (E.C.-P.); (J.d.J.G.-G.)
| | - Roberto Camacho-Beiza
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50000, Mexico; (A.E.S.-P.); (Y.B.-A.); (R.C.-B.); (E.C.-P.); (J.d.J.G.-G.)
- Unidad Médica Especializada para la Detección y Diagnóstico de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Salud del Estado de México, Toluca 51760, Mexico;
| | - David Eduardo Aguirre-Quezada
- Unidad Médica Especializada para la Detección y Diagnóstico de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Salud del Estado de México, Toluca 51760, Mexico;
| | - Elías Cardoso-Peña
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50000, Mexico; (A.E.S.-P.); (Y.B.-A.); (R.C.-B.); (E.C.-P.); (J.d.J.G.-G.)
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 220, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Toluca 50070, Mexico
| | - Omar Amador-Muñoz
- Grupo de Especiación Química de Aerosoles Orgánicos Atmosféricos, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (M.I.P.-A.); (O.A.-M.)
| | - José de Jesús Garduño-García
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50000, Mexico; (A.E.S.-P.); (Y.B.-A.); (R.C.-B.); (E.C.-P.); (J.d.J.G.-G.)
- Hospital Regional 251, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Toluca 50070, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.S.-M.); (J.M.-M.)
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Palacios-Arreola MI, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Morales-Montor J, Amador-Muñoz O. Toxicokinetic assessment of inhalatory absorption of Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) using a novel thermal desorption-GC-MS method to determine phthalate diesters in blood plasma. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 90:103813. [PMID: 35033683 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are endocrine disrupting compounds that have been found in outdoor and indoor air. However, little is known about their inhalatory absorption. Although measurement of urinary metabolites is the current standard, complex and convergent metabolism of phthalates poses the necessity for alternative methodologies such as the quantitation of parental compounds in plasma. We determined the inhalatory absorption of Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) using a novel method based on a thermal desorption probe (TSP)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry developed for the detection and quantitation of nine phthalate diesters in blood plasma, which fulfilled the acceptance criteria suggested by FDA guidelines regarding specificity, matrix effect, recovery, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. After inhalation, plasma concentration of DiBP exhibited two peaks, suggesting a first, rapid absorption event, followed by a second, delayed one and a first order elimination stage. Half-life was calculated as 62 min and bioavailability, compared to IV route, was 15%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Palacios-Arreola
- Atmospheric Organic Aerosol Chemical Speciation Group, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - A De Vizcaya-Ruiz
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México 07360, México
| | - J Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - O Amador-Muñoz
- Atmospheric Organic Aerosol Chemical Speciation Group, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
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Palacios-Arreola MI, Morales-Montor J, Cazares-Martinez CJ, Gomez-Arroyo S, Nava-Castro KE. Environmental pollutants: an immunoendocrine perspective on phthalates. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2021; 26:401-430. [PMID: 33049675 DOI: 10.2741/4899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) used as plasticizers in a wide array of daily-use products, from flooring and automotive parts to medical devices and are even present in the children�s toys. Since these compounds are not covalently bound other molecules, they leach from these synthetic products, causing a high level of human exposure to them. EDCs exert several endocrine effects, most typically, reduced biosynthesis of the male hormone, testosterone and disturbances in estrogen, androgen, PPAR-gamma and AhR that control complex immunoendocrine regulatory networks. Besides impacting the developmental processes and long-term adverse effects, since cells of the immune system express endocrine receptors, and synthetize and respond to several hormones and other endocrine ligands, phthalates also cause dysregulation of immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola
- Laboratorio de Especiacion Quimica de Aerosoles Organicos Atmosfericos y Desarrollo de Tecnologias Verdes, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, CP 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunologia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, AP 70228, Ciudad de Mexico, CP, 04510, Mexico
| | - Cintia Jocelyn Cazares-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicologia y Mutagenesis Ambientales, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales. Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, CP 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gomez-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicologia y Mutagenesis Ambientales, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales. Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, CP 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicologia y Mutagenesis Ambientales, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales. Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, CP 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico,
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Ruiz-Manzano RA, Palacios-Arreola MI, Hernández-Cervantes R, Del Río-Araiza VH, Nava-Castro KE, Ostoa-Saloma P, Muñoz-Cruz S, Morales-Montor J. Potential Novel Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: Toxocara canis Infection Increases Tumor Size Due to Modulation of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:736. [PMID: 32547942 PMCID: PMC7272683 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, breast cancer is the most important type of cancer in women with regard to incidence and prevalence. Several risk factors interact to increase the probability of breast cancer development. Biological environmental contaminants such as infectious agents play a significant role in tumor development, and helminths have been recognized as cancer enhancers or inducers due to their ability to regulate the host immune response. Toxocara canis is a zoonotic and cosmopolite nematode with immuno-regulatory abilities. T. canis infection has been related to T helper type-2 cell (Th2 or type 2) and regulatory responses. Type 2 and regulatory immune responses may favor the development of comorbidities that are usually controlled or eliminated through a type 1 response such as cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether T. canis infection alters mammary tumor growth through modulation of the immune response. Infected mice developed larger tumors. Tumor immune cell milieu analysis revealed that infection reduced the proportions of CD8+ lymphocytes and increased the proportions of F4/80+ macrophages and CD19+ B cells. These changes were accompanied by a type 2 local response represented by increased amounts of IL-4 and VEGF and a regulatory microenvironment associated with higher IL-10 levels. Thus, this study demonstrates that T. canis infection enhances tumor development and suggests that this is through modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Alejandra Ruiz-Manzano
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola
- Departamento de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosalía Hernández-Cervantes
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Del Río-Araiza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular de Parásitos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
- Departamento de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pedro Ostoa-Saloma
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Samira Muñoz-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Nava-Castro KE, Togno-Peirce C, Palacios-Arreola MI, Del Rio-Araiza VH, Hernandez-Bello R, Morales Montor J. Bisphenol A induces protection through modulation of the immune response against the helminth parasite Taenia crassiceps. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12733. [PMID: 32418230 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Industrial growth has increased the exposure to endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) in all organisms. Bisphenol A (BPA), an EDC, has been demonstrated to be involved in the susceptibility to parasite infections. However, few studies have analysed this connection in more depth. The aim of this study was to determine whether early BPA exposure in female mice affects the systemic immune response and the susceptibility to Taenia crassiceps infection. METHODS AND RESULTS BALB/c mice were exposed to BPA at post-natal day 3. At 6 weeks of age, they were inoculated with T crassiceps larvae and, 2 weeks later, were euthanized. The number of parasites was quantified. By flow cytometry, in the spleen, the peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes, the different innate and adaptive immune cell modulation was analysed, and RT-PCR cytokine expression was also evaluated. BPA induced a reduction of 40% in parasite load. BPA treatment modulated some lineages of the innate immune response and caused slight changes in cells belonging to the adaptive immune response. Additionally, BPA enhanced the type 2 cytokine profile. CONCLUSION Neonatal BPA treatment in female mice affects not only the percentage of different immune cells but also their ex vivo cytokine gene expression, decreasing T crassiceps cysticercosis susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cristian Togno-Peirce
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Victor Hugo Del Rio-Araiza
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Romel Hernandez-Bello
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leó, Monterrey, México
| | - Jorge Morales Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Valencia-Sánchez S, Nava-Castro KE, Palacios-Arreola MI, Prospéro-García O, Morales-Montor J, Drucker-Colín R. Chronic exercise modulates the cellular immunity and its cannabinoid receptors expression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220542. [PMID: 31738771 PMCID: PMC6860935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of performing exercise on the immune system presents contrasting effects on health when performed at different intensities. In addition, the consequences of performing chronic exercise have not been sufficiently studied in contrast to the effects of acute bouts of exercise. The porpoise of this work was to determine the effect that a popular exercise regimen (chronic/moderate/aerobic exercise) has on the proportion of different immune cell subsets, their function and if it affects the cannabinoid system with potentially functional implications on the immune system. A marked increase in several immune cell subsets and their expression of cannabinoid receptors was expected, as well as an enhanced proliferative and cytotoxic activity by total splenocytes in exercised animals. For this study male Wistar rats performed treadmill running 5 times a week for a period of 10 weeks, at moderate intensity. Our results showed a significant decrease in lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+, Tγδ, and CD45 RA+ cells) and an increase in the cannabinoid receptors expression in those same cell. Although functional assays did not reveal any variation in total immunoglobulin production or NK cells cytotoxic activity, proliferative capability of total splenocytes increased in trained rats. Our results further support the notion that exercise affects the immunological system and extends the description of underlying mechanisms mediating such effects. Altogether, our results contribute to the understanding of the benefits of exercise on the practitioner´s general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Valencia-Sánchez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
- Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Oscar Prospéro-García
- Laboratorio de Cannabinoides, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail:
| | - René Drucker-Colín
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
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Ruiz-Manzano RA, Hernández-Cervantes R, Del Río-Araiza VH, Palacios-Arreola MI, Nava-Castro KE, Morales-Montor J. Immune response to chronic Toxocara canis infection in a mice model. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12672. [PMID: 31557337 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The zoonotic nematode Toxocara canis causes larva migrans syndrome that induces an immune response characterized by the production of antibodies and eosinophilia. A Th2 polarization has been associated with the infection, but there are still details of the cellular and humoral immune response that need to be described. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the systemic host immune response to T canis chronic infection in a mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS BALB/c mice were inoculated once with 500 T canis embryonated eggs, per os. After 49 days, the amounts of larval found in brain and muscle tissues were statistically two and four times higher, respectively, than the amounts found in lung, liver, kidney or heart tissues. Splenic proportions of F4/80+ cells, as well as B, cytotoxic T and CD4+ Foxp3+ lymphocytes, were statistically higher (P ≤ .05, P ≤ .01, P ≤ .001 and P ≤ .001, respectively) as compared with control mice. In lymph nodes, some of these proportions changed, with the exception of F4/80+ cells. IgG1 levels in infected mice sera were increased. IL-4, IL-10 and VEGF levels were statistically higher in spleen (P ≤ .05, all) and sera (P ≤ .01, P ≤ .05 and P ≤ .05, respectively) in the infected mice. Also, in infected animals, IL-5 serum levels were increased (P ≤ .01). CONCLUSION These results suggest that T canis chronic infection in BALB/c mice results in a type 2 response with an incipient regulatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Alejandra Ruiz-Manzano
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosalía Hernández-Cervantes
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Víctor Hugo Del Río-Araiza
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola
- Departamento de Genotoxicología, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
- Departamento de Genotoxicología, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Castro-Gálvez Z, Garrido-Armas M, Palacios-Arreola MI, Torres-Flores U, Rivera-Torruco G, Valle-Rios R, Amador-Muñoz O, Hernández-Hernández A, Arenas-Huertero F. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Benzo[ghi]perylene on the human bronchial cell line NL-20. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104645. [PMID: 31518672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[ghi]perylene is the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the atmosphere of highly polluted cities with high altitudes like Mexico City. We evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic effects that Benzo[ghi]perylene could induce to the bronchial cell line NL-20 after 3 h of exposure. Furthermore, exposed cells were washed and maintained for 24 h without the treatment (recovery time), in order to evaluate a persistent damage to the cells. We found that at 3 h of exposure, 20% and 47% of the cells displayed cytoplasmic vesicles (p <0.05) and ɣH2AX foci in the nuclei (p <0.05), respectively. Furthermore, 27% of cells showed translocation of the factor inductor apoptosis into the nuclei (p <0.05) and an increase of proliferating cells was also observed (21%, p <0.05). The cells after recovery time continued displaying morphological changes and ɣH2AX foci, despite of the increased expression (> 2-times fold change) of some DNA repair genes (p <0.05) found before the recovery time. We also found that the cell nuclei contained Benzo[ghi]perylene after the exposure and it remains there after the recovery time (p <0.01). Therefore, hereby we report the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects that Benzo[ghi]perylene is capable to induce to NL-20 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelmy Castro-Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico
| | - Mónika Garrido-Armas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico
| | - Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola
- Laboratorio de Especiación Química de Aerosoles Orgánicos Atmosféricos y Desarrollo de Tecnologías Verdes, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ulises Torres-Flores
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Rivera-Torruco
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Unidad Universitaria de Investigación, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico
| | - Ricardo Valle-Rios
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Unidad Universitaria de Investigación, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
| | - Omar Amador-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Especiación Química de Aerosoles Orgánicos Atmosféricos y Desarrollo de Tecnologías Verdes, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Abrahan Hernández-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico; Unidad de Biología de Células Individuales (Biocelin), Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico
| | - Francisco Arenas-Huertero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico.
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Méndez-García LA, Nava-Castro KE, Ochoa-Mercado TDL, Palacios-Arreola MI, Ruiz-Manzano RA, Segovia-Mendoza M, Solleiro-Villavicencio H, Cázarez-Martínez C, Morales-Montor J. Breast Cancer Metastasis: Are Cytokines Important Players During Its Development and Progression? J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 39:39-55. [PMID: 30321090 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, an uncontrolled cell proliferation leads to tumor formation and development of a multifactorial disease. Metastasis is a complex process that involves tumor spread to distant parts of the body from its original site. Metastatic dissemination represents the main physiopathology of cancer. Inter- and intracellular communication in all systems in vertebrates is mediated by cytokines, which are highly inducible, secretory proteins, produced not only by immune system cells, but also by endocrine and nervous system cells. It has become clear in recent years that cytokines, as well as their receptors are produced in the organisms under physiological and pathological conditions; recently, they have been closely related to breast cancer metastasis. The exact initiation process of breast cancer metastasis is unknown, although several hypotheses have emerged. In this study, we thoroughly reviewed the role of several cytokines in breast cancer metastasis. Data reviewed suggest that cytokines and growth factors are key players in the breast cancer metastasis induction. This knowledge must be considered with the aim to development of new therapeutic approaches to counter breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
- 2 Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Medicina Ambientales, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
| | - Tania de Lourdes Ochoa-Mercado
- 3 Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola
- 2 Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Medicina Ambientales, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
| | - Rocío Alejandra Ruiz-Manzano
- 3 Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- 3 Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Helena Solleiro-Villavicencio
- 4 Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, Mexico
| | - Cinthia Cázarez-Martínez
- 2 Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Medicina Ambientales, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- 3 Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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11
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Palacios-Arreola MI, Nava-Castro KE, Río-Araiza VHD, Pérez-Sánchez NY, Morales-Montor J. A single neonatal administration of Bisphenol A induces higher tumour weight associated to changes in tumour microenvironment in the adulthood. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10573. [PMID: 28874690 PMCID: PMC5585249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BPA is an oestrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical compound. Exposure to BPA in as early as pregnancy leads to lifelong effects. Since endocrine and immune systems interact in a bidirectional manner, endocrine disruption may cause permanent alterations of the immune system, affecting a future anti-tumoral response. Neonate (PND 3) female syngeneic BALB/c mice were exposed to a single dose of 250 µg/kg BPA. Once sexual maturity was reached, a mammary tumour was induced injecting 4T1 cells in situ, these cells are derived from a spontaneous adenocarcinoma in a BALB/c mouse and therefore allows for an immunocompetent recipient. After 25 days of injection, showing no major endocrine alterations, BPA-exposed mice developed larger tumours. Tumour leukocytic infiltrate analysis revealed a higher proportion of regulatory T lymphocytes in the BPA-exposed group. RT-PCR analysis of tumour samples showed a decreased expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ, as well as the M2 macrophage marker Fizz-1 in the BPA-exposed group. Flow cytometry analysis revealed differences in ERα expression by T lymphocytes, macrophages and NK cells, both associated to BPA exposure and tumour development. These findings show a new aspect whereby early life BPA exposure can contribute to breast cancer development and progression by modulating the anti-tumoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Ciudad de Mexico, CP, 04510, Mexico
| | - Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, CP 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Del Río-Araiza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Ciudad de Mexico, CP, 04510, Mexico
| | - Nashla Yazmín Pérez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Ciudad de Mexico, CP, 04510, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Ciudad de Mexico, CP, 04510, Mexico.
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12
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Esquivel-Velázquez M, Ostoa-Saloma P, Palacios-Arreola MI, Nava-Castro KE, Castro JI, Morales-Montor J. The role of cytokines in breast cancer development and progression. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:1-16. [PMID: 25068787 PMCID: PMC4291218 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are highly inducible, secretory proteins that mediate intercellular communication in the immune system. They are grouped into several protein families that are referred to as tumor necrosis factors, interleukins, interferons, and colony-stimulating factors. In recent years, it has become clear that some of these proteins as well as their receptors are produced in the organisms under physiological and pathological conditions. The exact initiation process of breast cancer is unknown, although several hypotheses have emerged. Inflammation has been proposed as an important player in tumor initiation, promotion, angiogenesis, and metastasis, all phenomena in which cytokines are prominent players. The data here suggest that cytokines play an important role in the regulation of both induction and protection in breast cancer. This knowledge could be fundamental for the proposal of new therapeutic approaches to particularly breast cancer and other cancer-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Pedro Ostoa-Saloma
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | | | - Karen E. Nava-Castro
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, SSA, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Julieta Ivonne Castro
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, SSA, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
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