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Yuan X, Sun Y, Ni D, Xie Z, Zhang Y, Miao S, Wu L, Xing X, Zuo J. A biological strategy for sulfide control in sewers: Removing sulfide by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119237. [PMID: 37832290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide produced from sewers is considered one of the dominant threats to public health and sewer lifespan due to its toxicity and corrosiveness. In this study, we developed an environmentally friendly strategy for gaseous sulfide control by enriching indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) from sewer sediment. Ceramics acted as bio-carriers for immobilizing SOB for practical use in a lab-scale sewer reactor. 16 S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the SOB consortium was successfully enriched, with Thiobacillus, Pseudomonas, and Alcaligenes occupying a dominant abundance of 64.7% in the microbial community. Metabolic pathway analysis in different acclimatization stages indicates that microorganisms could convert thiosulfate and sulfide into elemental sulfur after enrichment and immobilization. A continuous experiment in lab-scale sewer reactors confirmed an efficient result for sulfide removal with hydrogen sulfide reduction of 43.9% and 85.1% under high-sulfur load and low-sulfur load conditions, respectively. This study shed light on the promising application for sewer sulfide control by biological sulfur oxidation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yiquan Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dong Ni
- Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Zhenwen Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sun Miao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linjun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Song C, Zhu JJ, Willis JL, Moore DP, Zondlo MA, Ren ZJ. Methane Emissions from Municipal Wastewater Collection and Treatment Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2248-2261. [PMID: 36735881 PMCID: PMC10041530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater collection and treatment systems are critical infrastructures, and they are also identified as major sources of anthropogenic CH4 emissions that contribute to climate change. The actual CH4 emissions at the plant- or regional level vary greatly due to site-specific conditions as well as high seasonal and diurnal variations. Here, we conducted the first quantitative analysis of CH4 emissions from different types of sewers and water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). We examined variations in CH4 emissions associated with methods applied in different monitoring campaigns, and identified main CH4 sources and sinks to facilitate carbon emission reduction efforts in the wastewater sector. We found plant-wide CH4 emissions vary by orders of magnitude, from 0.01 to 110 g CH4/m3 with high emissions associated with plants equipped with anaerobic digestion or stabilization ponds. Rising mains show higher dissolved CH4 concentrations than gravity sewers when transporting similar raw sewage under similar environmental conditions, but the latter dominates most collection systems around the world. Using the updated data sets, we estimated annual CH4 emission from the U.S. centralized, municipal wastewater treatment to be approximately 10.9 ± 7.0 MMT CO2-eq/year, which is about twice as the IPCC (2019) Tier 2 estimates (4.3-6.1 MMT CO2-eq/year). Given CH4 emission control will play a crucial role in achieving net zero carbon goals by the midcentury, more studies are needed to profile and mitigate CH4 emissions from the wastewater sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Song
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544United States
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544United States
- Andlinger
Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - John L. Willis
- Brown
and Caldwell, Atlanta, Georgia30328, United States
| | - Daniel P. Moore
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544United States
| | - Mark A. Zondlo
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544United States
| | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544United States
- Andlinger
Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
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3
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Zhang G, Wang G, Zhou Y, Zhu DZ, Zhang Y, Zhang T. Simultaneous use of nitrate and calcium peroxide to control sulfide and greenhouse gas emission in sewers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158913. [PMID: 36411604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sewer system is a significant source of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and greenhouse gases which has attracted extensive interest from researchers. In this study, a novel combined dosing strategy using nitrate and calcium peroxide (CaO2) was proposed to simultaneously control sulfide and greenhouse gases, and its performance was evaluated in laboratory-scale reactors. Results suggested that the addition of nitrate and CaO2 improved the effectiveness of sulfide control. And the combination index method further proved that nitrate and CaO2 were synergistic in controlling sulfide. Meanwhile, the combination of nitrate and CaO2 substantially reduced greenhouse gas emissions, especially the carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The microbial analysis revealed that the combined addition greatly stimulated the accumulation of nitrate reducing-sulfide oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB) that participate in anoxic nitrate-dependent sulfide oxidation, while the abundance of heterotrophic denitrification bacteria (hNRB) was reduced significantly. Moreover, the presence of oxygen and alkaline chemicals generated by CaO2 facilitated the inhibition of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) activities. Therefore, the nitrate dosage was diminished significantly. On the other hand, the generated alkaline chemicals promoted CO2 elimination and inhibited the activities of methanogens, leading to a decrease of CO2 and CH4 fluxes, which facilitated elimination of greenhouse effects. The intermittent dosing test showed that the nitrate and CaO2 could be applied intermittently for sulfide removal. And the chemical cost of intermittent dosing strategy was reduced by 85 % compared to the continuous dosing nitrate strategy. Therefore, intermittent dosing nitrate combined with CaO2 is probably an effective and economical approach to control sulfide and greenhouse gases in sewer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gaowu Wang
- Hangzhou Binjiang water Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - David Z Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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4
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Li K, Yu J, Chen X, Kong D, Peng Y, Xiu X, Su H, Yan L. Effects of tire wear particles with and without photoaging on anaerobic biofilm sulfide production in sewers and related mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136185. [PMID: 36030941 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWPs) are considered to be one of the major sources of microplastics (MPs) in sewers; however, little has been reported on the surface properties and photochemical behavior of TWPs, especially in terms of their environmental persistent radicals, leachate type, and response after photoaging. It is also unknown how TWPs influence the production of common pollutants (e.g., sulfides) in anaerobic biofilms in sewers. In our study, the effects of cryogenically milled tire treads (C-TWPs) and their corresponding photoaging products (photoaging-TWPs, A-TWPs) on anaerobic biofilm sulfide production in sewers and related mechanisms were studied. The results showed that the two TWPs at a low concentration (0.1 mg L-1) exerted no significant (p > 0.05) effects on sulfide yield, whereas exposure to a high concentration of TWPs (100 mg L-1) inversely affected sulfide yield, with A-TWPs exerting a significant inhibitory effect on sulfide yield in the sewers (p < 0.01). The main reason was that A-TWPs carried higher concentrations of reactive environmental persistent radicals on their surfaces after photoaging than C-TWPs, which could induce the formation of oxygen radicals. In addition, A-TWPs were more uniformly distributed in the wastewater system and could penetrate the biofilm to damage bacterial cells, and their ability to leach polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals such as zinc additives enhanced their toxic effects. In contrast, C-TWPs contributed significantly to sulfide production (p < 0.01), primarily because of their low biotoxicity, ability to leach a considerable amount of sulfide, and stimulatory effect on anaerobic biofilm surface sulfate-reducing bacteria. Our study complements the toxicity studies of the TWPs particles themselves and provides insight on a new influencing factor for determining the changes in sulfide generation and control measures in sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jianghua Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Xingyue Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Deyue Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yonghong Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xiaojia Xiu
- Changwang School of Honors, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Han Su
- Changwang School of Honors, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Liankang Yan
- School of Applied Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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5
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Yang K, Bu H, Zhang Y, Yu H, Huang S, Ke L, Hong P. Efficacy of simultaneous hexavalent chromium biosorption and nitrogen removal by the aerobic denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri YC-34 from chromium-rich wastewater. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:961815. [PMID: 35992714 PMCID: PMC9389319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.961815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of high concentrations of heavy metals and the loss of functional microorganisms usually affect the nitrogen removal process in wastewater treatment systems. In the study, a unique auto-aggregating aerobic denitrifier (Pseudomonas stutzeri strain YC-34) was isolated with potential applications for Cr(VI) biosorption and reduction. The nitrogen removal efficiency and denitrification pathway of the strain were determined by measuring the concentration changes of inorganic nitrogen during the culture of the strain and amplifying key denitrification functional genes. The changes in auto-aggregation index, hydrophobicity index, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) characteristic index were used to evaluate the auto-aggregation capacity of the strain. Further studies on the biosorption ability and mechanism of cadmium in the process of denitrification were carried out. The changes in tolerance and adsorption index of cadmium were measured and the micro-characteristic changes on the cell surface were analyzed. The strain exhibited excellent denitrification ability, achieving 90.58% nitrogen removal efficiency with 54 mg/L nitrate-nitrogen as the initial nitrogen source and no accumulation of ammonia and nitrite-nitrogen. Thirty percentage of the initial nitrate-nitrogen was converted to N2, and only a small amount of N2O was produced. The successful amplification of the denitrification functional genes, norS, norB, norR, and nosZ, further suggested a complete denitrification pathway from nitrate to nitrogen. Furthermore, the strain showed efficient aggregation capacity, with the auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity indices reaching 78.4 and 75.5%, respectively. A large amount of protein-containing EPS was produced. In addition, the strain effectively removed 48.75, 46.67, 44.53, and 39.84% of Cr(VI) with the initial concentrations of 3, 5, 7, and 10 mg/L, respectively, from the nitrogen-containing synthetic wastewater. It also could reduce Cr(VI) to the less toxic Cr(III). FTIR measurements and characteristic peak deconvolution analysis demonstrated that the strain had a robust hydrogen-bonded structure with strong intermolecular forces under the stress of high Cr(VI) concentrations. The current results confirm that the novel denitrifier can simultaneously remove nitrogen and chromium and has potential applications in advanced wastewater treatment for the removal of multiple pollutants from sewage.
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6
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Zhang Z, Chang N, Wang S, Lu J, Li K, Zheng C. Enhancing sulfide mitigation via the sustainable supply of oxygen from air-nanobubbles in gravity sewers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152203. [PMID: 34890666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional air or oxygen injection is an effective and economical mitigation strategy for sulfide control in pressure sewers, but it is not suitable for gravity sewers due to the low solubility of oxygen in water under normal atmospheric conditions. Herein, an air-nanobubble (ANB) injection method was proposed for sulfide mitigation in gravity sewers, and its sulfide control efficiency was evaluated by long-term laboratory gravity sewer reactors. The results showed that an average inhibition rate of 45.36% for sulfide was obtained when ANBs were implemented, which was 3.75 times higher than that of the traditional air injection method, revealing the effectiveness and feasibility of the ANB injection method. As suggested by microbial community analysis of sewer biofilms, the relative abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) decreased 40.57% while that of sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) increased 215.27% in the presence of ANBs, indicating that sulfide mitigation by ANB injection included both the inhibition of sulfide production and the oxidation of dissolved sulfide. The specific cost consumption of ANB injection was 1.7 $/kg-S, which was only 6.85% of that of traditional air injection (24.8 $/kg-S), suggesting that the sustainable supply of oxygen based on ANB injection is not only environmentally but also economically beneficial for sulfide mitigation. The findings of this study may provide an efficient sulfide mitigation strategy for the management of corrosion and malodour issues in the poorly ventilated gravity sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Chang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheping Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China; Xi'an Municipal Design and Research Institute, No.100 Zhuque Road, Xi'an 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kexin Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Cailin Zheng
- Ankang Municipal Facilities Management, House and Urban Rural Development Department of Ankang, NO.1 Bingjiang Road, Ankang 725000, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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7
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Maie N, Anzai S, Tokai K, Kakino W, Taruya H, Ninomiya H. Using oxygen/ozone nanobubbles for in situ oxidation of dissolved hydrogen sulfide at a residential tunnel-construction site. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114068. [PMID: 34773779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas, and considerable research has been conducted for its control and removal from industrial wastewater and sewage water. However, no simple and practical technology is available for degrading H2S in situ at tunnel constructing sites. On May 11, 2020, an H2S blowout accident occurred in underground soil at a residential sewer-tunnel construction site in Iwakuni City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, filling the tunnel with high concentrations of H2S gas, causing the fatality of one worker owing to emphysema. River water flowing near the site was immediately introduced into the tunnel to trap the H2S gas, generating 652-m3 water that contained high concentrations (120 mg/L) of dissolved H2S in the tunnel. To safely and quickly remove H2S in situ, the contaminated water was treated with high-density oxygen and ozone nanobubbles (O2/O3-HDNBs) generated using the ultrafine pore method. Consequently, H2S was removed from the contaminated water in 3 days. This is the first successful application of O2/O3-HDNB technology for the in situ oxidation of H2S in environmental water at a construction site. This study reports the practical application of this advanced technology and the system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagamitsu Maie
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, 034-8628, Aomori, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Anzai
- Anzai-Kantetsu Inc., 3-1-16 Komaoka, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0071, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Tokai
- Nittoc Construction Co., Ltd., 3-10-6 Higashi-Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, 103-0004, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Kakino
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Taruya
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hideki Ninomiya
- Yamaguchi Earth Engineering Coop., 2-3-13 Hirano, Yamaguchi, 753-0015, Yamaguchi, Japan
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8
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Jia Y, Zheng F, Maier HR, Ostfeld A, Creaco E, Savic D, Langeveld J, Kapelan Z. Water quality modeling in sewer networks: Review and future research directions. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117419. [PMID: 34274902 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urban sewer networks (SNs) are increasingly facing water quality issues as a result of many challenges, such as population growth, urbanization and climate change. A promising way to addressing these issues is by developing and using water quality models. Many of these models have been developed in recent years to facilitate the management of SNs. Given the proliferation of different water quality models and the promise they have shown, it is timely to assess the state-of-the-art in this field, to identify potential challenges and suggest future research directions. In this review, model types, modeled quality parameters, modeling purpose, data availability, type of case studies and model performance evaluation are critically analyzed and discussed based on a review of 110 papers published between 2010 and 2019. The review identified that applications of empirical and kinetic models dominate those of data-driven models for addressing water quality issues. The majority of models are developed for prediction and process understanding using experimental or field sampled data. While many models have been applied to real problems, the corresponding prediction accuracies are overall moderate or, in some cases, low, especially when dealing with larger SNs. The review also identified the most common issues associated with water quality modeling of SNs and based on these proposed several future research directions. These include the identification of appropriate data resolutions for the development of different SN models, the need and opportunity to develop hybrid SN models and the improvement of SN model transferability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Jia
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Feifei Zheng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anzhong Building, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, A501, , 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Holger R Maier
- School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Avi Ostfeld
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Enrico Creaco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Architettura, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3 Pavia 27100, Italy; School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Dragan Savic
- KWR Water Research Institute, the Netherlands; Centre for Water Systems, University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Jeroen Langeveld
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands.
| | - Zoran Kapelan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands; Centre for Water Systems, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom.
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9
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Wang X, Li L, Bai S, Yuan Z, Miao J, Wang M, Ren N. Comparative life cycle assessment of sewer corrosion control by iron salts: Suitability analysis and strategy optimization. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117370. [PMID: 34175729 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sewer deterioration caused by sulfide-induced concrete corrosion is spreading worldwide. Within the strategies to overcome this problem, dosing iron salts into the pipeline has attracted more attention. However, there is not yet research that evaluates this method whether it is overall environmentally friendly. Here, we conducted a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to adjudge the benefits of dosing ferric chloride over non-dosing option in three different H2S concentration levels (High, Medium, Low). Compared with taking no precautions, dosing ferric chloride performs better for all impact categories only in High H2S situation, which can reduce the environmental impacts by 10% to 50%. In Medium H2S situation, dosing ferric chloride shows lower environmental impacts of Global Warming, Fossil Fuel Depletion, Acidification, and Eutrophication, while leads to the deterioration of Human Toxicity and Freshwater Ecotoxicity by 10% and 13%, respectively. In Low H2S situation, dosing ferric chloride performs even worse for all impact categories. Therefore, from an LCA perspective, this study recommends iron salts dosing technology to be applied in severe corrosion conditions caused by high H2S concentrations. Contribution analysis shows that asphalt and diesel consumed during the sewer construction and renovation dominate all impact categories for non-dosing option, whereas the main contributor of Human Toxicity and Freshwater Ecotoxicity is shifted to ferric chloride production in dosing option, average at around 50%. Sensitivity analysis on the length of pipes protected by iron salts confirms that the initial dosing location is more preferable to be set at upstream of the sewer system. From an LCA perspective, as alternatives to ferric chloride, ferrous chloride is superior in all impact categories, and ferric sulfate could reduce the toxicity-related impacts and other effects at the expense of exacerbation of acidification. In the end, a systematic optimization of salts dosing should be considered in urban sewer management practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Lanqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Shunwen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jingyu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China.
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10
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Xing Y, Chen XD, Wang SP, Zhang ZQ, Liu X, Lu JS. Effect of minocycline on the changes in the sewage chemical index and microbial communities in sewage pipes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123792. [PMID: 33254801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing use of drugs in cities, the sewer is becoming the most suitable place for antibiotic accumulation and transfer. In order to reveal the occurrence and fate of antibiotic sewage during pipeline migration, we used an anaerobic reactor device to simulate the concentration change of minocycline in the sewer and its impact on the sewage quality. The results showed that 90.8 % of minocycline was removed during sewer transportation. In the presence of minocycline, although the consumption of Chemical Oxygen Demand and total nitrogen in the sewage did not change significantly, the consumption rate of total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and the growth rate of ammonia nitrogen at the front end of the pipeline were decreased from 29.4 %, 86.3 %, 60.3 % to 3.7 %, 81.5 %, 18.3 % respectively. Minocycline inhibited the reduction of SO42-, while also reducing the production of H2S gas and increasing the release of CH4 gas. Moreover, the decline in the abundance of functional bacteria such as phosphorus accumulating organisms was consistent with the consumption of sewage nutrients. This experiment provides data support for the risk of wastewater leakage of medical and pharmaceutical wastewater into domestic sewage, and will helps to maintain the safe operation of actual sewage pipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xing
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xing-du Chen
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - She-Ping Wang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jin-Suo Lu
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
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11
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Wang Y, Lin H, Ding L, Hu B. Low-voltage electrochemical treatment to precipitate sulfide during anaerobic digestion of beet sugar wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141243. [PMID: 32791410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sugar beet processing generates a large amount of wastewater with a high chemical oxygen demand (COD). During wastewater storage and treatment, the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generated from anaerobic digestion (AD) poses unique safety and environmental challenges due to air emissions to the local environment. A new approach of low-voltage electrochemical treatment using low-cost sacrificial anode material was developed in this study to remove sulfide, maintain a proper pH, and produce low-H2S biogas during the AD of beet sugar wastewater. The wastewater collected was categorized as the medium or high strength wastewater depending on the COD content. By using the medium strength wastewater as the test media, the effects of electrochemical and storage conditions, including the applied voltage, immersed electrode area, initial sulfate level, and operating temperature, on the sulfide removal were studied. The effective electrical charge consumption ranged from 6.0 to 14.4 C·mg-1 S2-, and the headspace H2S concentration was reduced by over 96% for most conditions after 204 h treatment. During the 10-week experiment on high strength wastewater, intermittent electrochemical treatment at 0.7 V applied voltage and 1.2 cm2·L-1 electrode area for two weeks reduced the H2S content in the biogas by up to 96%. The cathodic hydroxyl anion generation during the electrochemical treatment significantly increased the pH from 4.61 to 6.95 and led to earlier biogas production than the one without electrochemical treatment. This technique may feasibly be applied in the AD of other sulfur-compound-rich waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Wang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Hongjian Lin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingkan Ding
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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12
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Gao R, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Liu J, Lu J. Upstream Natural Pulsed Ventilation: A simple measure to control the sulfide and methane production in gravity sewer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140579. [PMID: 32629266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Production of sulfide and methane due to anaerobic biological transformations in sewer pipes causes serious problems to sewer maintenance. For gravity sewers, enhancing ventilation is a practical method that reduces the production of both sulfide and methane. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a new method, Upstream Natural Pulsed Ventilation (UNPV), to control sulfide and methane production in gravity sewers. Two lab-scale reactors simulating the gravity sewer pipe with and without ventilation were set up to assess the effectiveness. The results show that compared with the gravity sewer pipe without ventilation, under the UNPV condition, the total sulfide concentration reduced by 39.08% and 58.74%, and the methane concentration reduced by 42.29% and 35.70% in the upstream and downstream sewer pipe, respectively. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the UNPV method could inhibit the proliferation of sulfate-reducing bacteria and stimulate the proliferation of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria within the whole sewer pipe. The composition of methanogenic archaea that are responsible for methane production was changed by ventilation. The increased oxidation-reduction potential and organic carbon transportation in wastewater under ventilation may be responsible for the microbial community changes. The findings of this study may provide new insight to reduce sulfide and methane production in gravity sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Gao
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junzhuo Liu
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
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13
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Zan F, Dai J, Jiang F, Ekama GA, Chen G. Ground food waste discharge to sewer enhances methane gas emission: A lab-scale investigation. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 174:115616. [PMID: 32145553 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emission of sulfide and methane from sewerage system has been a major concern for a long time. Sewers are now facing emerging challenges, such as receiving food waste (FW) to relieve the burdens on solid waste treatment. However, the knowledge of the direct impact of FW addition on sulfide and methane production in and emission from sewers is still lacking. In this study, two lab-scale sewer reactors, one without and one with FW addition, were continuously operated to investigate the production of sulfide and methane and microbial communities arising from FW discharge to freshwater sewerage system. The 190-day long-term monitoring and the batch tests on days 69 and 124 suggest that the FW addition has little impact on sulfide production possibly due to the limited sulfate concentration (40 mg S/L) but enhanced methane production by up to 60%. Moreover, cryosection-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that the FW addition significantly stimulated the accumulation of methanogenic archaea (MA) in sewer biofilms and altered the spatial distributions of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and MA. Moreover, the relative abundance of MA in biofilms with FW addition was higher than that without FW addition, whereas the relative abundance of SRB was similar. Metabolic pathway analysis for sulfidogenesis and methanogenesis indicates that sufficient substrates derived from the FW addition were biodegraded during fermentation to produce acetate and hydrogen, and consequently facilitate methanogenesis. These findings shed light on the impacts of changes in wastewater compositions (e.g., FW addition) on sulfide and methane production in the freshwater sewerage system for improved policy-making on sewer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Zan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - George A Ekama
- Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Li W, Zheng T, Ma Y, Liu J. Current status and future prospects of sewer biofilms: Their structure, influencing factors, and substance transformations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133815. [PMID: 31416035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With rapid urbanization, sewer systems are extensively being constructed for the collection and transportation of sewage to minimize the severe environmental and health issues, especially relating to the spread diseases. The existence of abundant biofilms on the inner walls of sewers could lead to potential risks such as sewer explosions, poisonous gas leaks, and pipe corrosions with the transformations of various kinds of pollutants. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify their inner mechanisms to safely govern sewer systems. In this study, the characteristics of sewer biofilms including their structure, influencing factors, and substance transformations were analyzed in-depth. The results reveal that sewer biofilms (1.0 mm depth approximately) consist of large quantities of inorganic and some organic substances, while the abundant functional genus of the bacteria and archaea are summarized. Sewer biofilms influencing factors were determined to be sewer operation mode, sewage characteristics, and shear stress. Further, the transformation of organics, sulfur, and nitrogen as well as emerging micropollutants (such as, biomarkers, antibiotic resistance genes, and engineered nanoparticles) was investigated to guarantee sewer security and public health. Therefore, the current review could be considered as guidance for researchers and decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tianlong Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yingqun Ma
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
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15
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NO and N2O accumulation during nitrite-based sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic denitrification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Gu T, Tan P, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Zhang T. Characteristics and mechanism of dimethyl trisulfide formation during sulfide control in sewer by adding various oxidants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:719-725. [PMID: 31003099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The addition of chemical agents to control the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is currently the principal technology used to control odor emissions from sewers. In this study, laboratory reactors were used to investigate the change in dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) concentrations when dosing with oxidant to control sulfide in sewers. Our results show that the intermittent addition of oxidant leads to sulfide regeneration and increased DMTS formation. Additional experiments were conducted to investigate the processes that result in the formation of DMTS. The results indicate that the polysulfide produced after oxidant addition was a key intermediate in DMTS production. Enzymatic methylation of polysulfide was an important process in DMTS formation. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was observed in the reactor when oxidant was again added but it was reduced to DMTS when the oxidant was depleted. There are side-effects of adding oxidant, and alternative control measures for volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Gu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Peiying Tan
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yongchao Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yiping Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - David Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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17
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Wiley PE. Reduction of hydrogen sulfide gas in a small wastewater collection system using sodium hydroxide. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:483-490. [PMID: 30624825 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Kennebunk Sewer District collection system experienced H2 S-induced corrosion downstream of terminus manholes for the Wells Road and Boothby Road pumping stations. An automated odor control system using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was developed to mitigate further corrosion. System performance was quantified by recording the [H2 S] in the terminus manholes before and after NaOH treatment. Preliminary evaluation at the Wells Road facility demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the average [H2 S] between the treatment (4.8 ± 0.3 ppm) and control (67 ± 1.5 ppm). Permanent systems installed at both facilities in 2017 yielded similar positive results. The average [H2 S] in the Wells and Boothby Road terminus manholes reduced from 89.4 ± 1.0 to 8.0 ± 0.1 ppm and from 7.9 ± 0.2 to 0.82 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively. This work demonstrates the ability of the NaOH system presented here to minimize emission of corrosive H2 S gas in small collection systems. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Biologically-produced hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) gas corrodes sewer collection system components and results in premature asset failure. Maintaining wastewater pH above 8.5 by injecting sodium hydroxide (NaOH) minimizes H2 S emission by shifting the molar distribution of sulfur species and partially inhibiting the anaerobes that produce H2 S. The practical application of this approach may be limited to small wastewater collection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Wiley
- Portsmouth Public Works Department, Portsmouth, New Hampshire
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18
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Rebosura M, Salehin S, Pikaar I, Sun X, Keller J, Sharma K, Yuan Z. A comprehensive laboratory assessment of the effects of sewer-dosed iron salts on wastewater treatment processes. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 146:109-117. [PMID: 30241044 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of iron-dosing in the sewer system, on wastewater treatment processes, was investigated using laboratory-scale wastewater systems comprising sewers, wastewater treatment reactors, sludge thickeners, and anaerobic sludge digesters. Two systems, fed with real domestic wastewater, were operated for over a year. The experimental system received ferric chloride (FeCl3) dosing at 10 mgFe L-1 in the sewer reactor whereas the control system received none. Wastewater, sludge and biogas were extensively sampled, and analysed for relevant parameters. The FeCl3-dosed experimental system displayed a decreased sulfide concentration (by 4.3 ± 0.5 mgS L-1) in sewer effluent, decreased phosphate concentration (by 4.7 ± 0.5 mgP L-1) in biological treatment reactor effluent, and decreased hydrogen sulfide concentration in biogas (911.5 ± 189.9 ppm to 130.0 ± 5.9 ppm), as compared with the control system. The biological nitrogen removal performance of the treatment reactor, and biogas production in the anaerobic digester were not affected by FeCl3-dosing. Furthermore, the dewaterability of the anaerobically digested sludge was enhanced by 17.7 ± 1.0%. These findings demonstrate that iron-dosing to sewers can achieve multiple benefits including sulfide removal in sewers, phosphorus removal during wastewater treatment, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal during biogas generation. Therefore, an integrated approach should be taken when considering iron salts usage in an urban wastewater system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rebosura
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sirajus Salehin
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; The School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ilje Pikaar
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; The School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jürg Keller
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Keshab Sharma
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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19
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Masuda S, Sano I, Hojo T, Li YY, Nishimura O. The comparison of greenhouse gas emissions in sewage treatment plants with different treatment processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:581-590. [PMID: 29169134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from different sewage treatment plants: oxidation ditch process, double-circulated anoxic-oxic process and anoxic-oxic process were evaluated based on the survey. The methane and nitrous oxide characteristics were discussed based on the gaseous and dissolved gas profiles. As a result, it was found that methane was produced in the sewer pipes and the primary sedimentation tank. Additionally, a ventilation system would promote the gasification of dissolved methane in the first treatment units. Nitrous oxide was produced and emitted in oxic tanks with nitrite accumulation inside the sewage treatment plant. A certain amount of nitrous oxide was also discharged as dissolved gas through the effluent water. If the amount of dissolved nitrous oxide discharge is not included, 7-14% of total nitrous oxide emission would be overlooked. Based on the greenhouse gas calculation, electrical consumption and the N2O emission from incineration process were major sources in all the plants. For greenhouse gas reduction, oxidation ditch process has an advantage over the other advanced systems due to lower energy consumption, sludge production, and nitrogen removal without gas stripping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Masuda
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, National Institute of Technology, Akita College, Bunkyocho 1-1, Iijima, Akita, Japan.
| | - Itsumi Sano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Hojo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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20
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Auguet O, Pijuan M, Borrego CM, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Triadó-Margarit X, Giustina SVD, Gutierrez O. Sewers as potential reservoirs of antibiotic resistance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:1047-1054. [PMID: 28709370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater transport along sewers favors the colonization of inner pipe surfaces by wastewater-derived microorganisms that grow forming biofilms. These biofilms are composed of rich and diverse microbial communities that are continuously exposed to antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) from urban wastewater. Sewer biofilms thus appear as an optimal habitat for the dispersal and accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, the concentration of antibiotics, integron (intI1) and antibiotic resistance genes (qnrS, sul1, sul2, blaTEM, blaKPC, ermB, tetM and tetW), and potential bacterial pathogens were analyzed in wastewater and biofilm samples collected at the inlet and outlet sections of a pressurized sewer pipe. The most abundant ARGs detected in both wastewater and biofilm samples were sul1 and sul2 with roughly 1 resistance gene for each 10 copies of 16s RNA gene. Significant differences in the relative abundance of gene intI1 and genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones (qnrS), sulfonamides (sul1 and sul2) and betalactams (blaTEM) were only measured between inlet and outlet biofilm samples. Composition of bacterial communities also showed spatial differences in biofilms and a higher prevalence of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) with high sequence identity (>98%) to well-known human pathogens was observed in biofilms collected at the inlet pipe section. Our study highlights the role of sewer biofilms as source and sink of ARB and ARGs and supports the idea that community composition rather than antibiotic concentration is the main factor driving the diversity of the sewage resistome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Auguet
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Maite Pijuan
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Carles M Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Xavier Triadó-Margarit
- Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CEAB-CSIC, Accés Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - Saulo Varela Della Giustina
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Oriol Gutierrez
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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21
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Effects of N/S Molar Ratio on Product Formation in Psychrophilic Autotrophic Biological Removal of Sulfide. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9070476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The excessive H2S presence in water and wastewater can lead to corrosion, toxicity, and biological processes inhibition—i.e., anaerobic digestion. Production of H2S can occur in psychrophilic conditions. Biological removal of HS− by addition of NO3− as an electron acceptor under psychrophilic (10 °C) conditions in a continuous flow experiment is evaluated here. Four different N/S molar ratios—0.35, 0.40, 0.60, and 1.30—were tested in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. Samples were analyzed daily by ion chromatography. Efficient psychrophilic HS− removal with sulfur products oxidation control by NO3− supply is documented. The highest HS− removal was obtained at N/S = 0.35 and 1.30 (89.1 ± 2.2 and 89.6 ± 2.9%). Removal of HS− was less at mid-N/S with the lowest value (76.9 ± 2.6%) at N/S = 0.60. NO3− removal remained high for all N/S ratios. N/S molar ratio influenced the sulfur products distribution with less S0 and increase in SO42− effluent concentration with increasing N/S ratio. Oxidation of HS− and accumulated S0 occurred simultaneously at N/S ratios >0.35. The observations are explained by culture flexibility in utilizing available resources for energy gain.
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22
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Sposob M, Bakke R, Dinamarca C. Metabolic divergence in simultaneous biological removal of nitrate and sulfide for elemental sulfur production under temperature stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 233:209-215. [PMID: 28279914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous removal of NO3- and HS- at temperature stress (25-10°C) is evaluated here. An expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor was run over 120days at N/S molar ratio of 0.35 (for S0 production) under constant sulfur loading rate of 0.4kgS/m3d. The simultaneous removal of NO3- and HS-, was achieved at applied conditions. Average HS--S removal varied from 98 (25°C) to 89.2% at 10°C, with almost complete NO3- removal. Average S0 yield ranged from 83.7 at 25°C to 67% at 10°C. The temperature drop caused a decrease in granular sludge accumulated S0 fraction by nearly 2.5 times. Decreased temperature caused metabolic pathway change observed as higher SO42- production, apparently allowing the biomass to obtain more energy per HS- consumed. It is hypothesized that the metabolic shift is a natural response to compensate for temperature-induced changes in energy requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Sposob
- University College of Southeast Norway, Kjølnes Ring 56, Porsgrunn 3918, Norway.
| | - Rune Bakke
- University College of Southeast Norway, Kjølnes Ring 56, Porsgrunn 3918, Norway
| | - Carlos Dinamarca
- University College of Southeast Norway, Kjølnes Ring 56, Porsgrunn 3918, Norway
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23
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Xu J, Li M, He Q, Sun X, Zhou X, Su Z, Ai H. Effect of flow rate on growth and oxygen consumption of biofilm in gravity sewer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:427-435. [PMID: 27726082 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The function of sewer as reactors must rely on the biofilm in it. In this paper, the formation, structure, oxygen transfer, and activity of the biofilm under different hydraulic conditions were studied by the microelectrode technology, oxygen uptake rate (OUR) technology, and 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing technology. Results showed that when the wall-shear stresses were 1.12, 1.29, and 1.45 Pa, the porosity of the steady-state biofilm were 69.1, 64.4, and 55.1 %, respectively. The maximum values of OUR were 0.033, 0.027, and 0.022 mg/(L*s), respectively, and the COD removal efficiency in the sewers reached 40, 35, and 32 %, respectively. The research findings had an important significance on how to improve the treatment efficiency of the sewers. Fig. a Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Muzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfu Sun
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangren Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenping Su
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Hainan Ai
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
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