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Arora J, Ranjan A, Chauhan A, Biswas R, Rajput VD, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S, Minkina T, Jindal T. Surfactant Pollution, an Emerging Threat to Ecosystem: Approaches for Effective Bacterial Degradation. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1229-1244. [PMID: 35598183 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
The use of surfactants in households and industries is inevitable and so is their discharge into the environment, especially into the water bodies as effluents. Being surface-active agents, their utilization is mostly seen in soaps, detergents, personal care products, emulsifiers, wetting agents, etc. Anionic surfactants are the most used class. These surfactants are responsible for the foam and froth in the water bodies and cause potential adverse effects to both biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem. Surfactants are capable of penetrating the cell membrane and thus cause toxicity to living organisms. Accumulation of these compounds has been known to cause significant gill damage and loss of sight in fish. Alteration of physiological and biochemical parameters of water decreases the amount of dissolved oxygen and thus affecting the entire ecosystem. Microbes utilizing surfactants as substrates for energy form the basis of the biodegradation of these compounds. The main organisms for surfactant biodegradation, both in sewage and natural waters, are bacteria. Several Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. have shown efficient degradation of anionic surfactants namely: sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS), sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS). Also, several microbial consortia constituting Alcaligenes spp., Citrobacter spp., etc. have shown efficacy in the degradation of surfactants. The biodegradation efficiency studies of these microbes/microbial consortia would be of immense help in formulating better solutions for the bioremediation of surfactants and help to reduce their potential environmental hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Arora
- Amity Institute of Environmental Science, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rima Biswas
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tanu Jindal
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sitterley KA, Silverstein J, Rosenblum J, Linden KG. Aerobic biological degradation of organic matter and fracturing fluid additives in high salinity hydraulic fracturing wastewaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143622. [PMID: 33229099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reuse of hydraulic fracturing wastewaters depends on effective tailored treatment to prepare the water for the intended end use. Aerobic biological treatment of hydraulic fracturing produced water was examined to degrade dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and polyethylene glycols (PEGs). Biological treatment experiments of three produced water samples with DOC concentrations ranging from 22 to 420 mg/L and total dissolved solids (TDS) levels ranging from 26 to 157 g/L were conducted in 48-240 h batches. Samples were not pretreated to remove suspended solids and were inoculated with activated sludge and acclimated over several weeks. Results show that between 50% and 80% of DOC was removed in 12-24 h but a sizeable portion, on a mass basis, remained in the samples with higher DOC concentrations. PEGs were also shown to readily biodegrade into singly- and doubly-carboxylated metabolites, but were not shown to degrade past that point, leading to accumulation of PEG-dicarboxylates (PEG-diCs) in the batch reactors. Possible explanations include residence times that were too long, resulting in starved microbial populations (and thus, a stopping of PEG degradation) or the presence of other ethoxylated additives that degraded into PEGs and PEG-diCs and fed this accumulation. This work demonstrates that a well-acclimated microbial culture is capable of degrading a large portion of DOC in hydraulic fracturing wastewaters across a wide spectrum of TDS concentrations, indicating that biological treatment is a viable option for enabling reuse of produced water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurban A Sitterley
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, 80309, United States of America
| | - JoAnn Silverstein
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, 80309, United States of America
| | - James Rosenblum
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, 80309, United States of America
| | - Karl G Linden
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, 80309, United States of America.
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López-Alled CM, Murfin LC, Kociok-Köhn G, James TD, Wenk J, Lewis SE. Colorimetric detection of Hg 2+ with an azulene-containing chemodosimeter via dithioacetal hydrolysis. Analyst 2020; 145:6262-6269. [PMID: 32926021 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Azulene is a bicyclic aromatic chromophore that absorbs in the visible region. Its absorption maximum undergoes a hypsochromic shift if a conjugated electron-withdrawing group is introduced at the C1 position. This fact can be exploited in the design of a colorimetric chemodosimeter that functions by the transformation of a dithioacetal to the corresponding aldehyde upon exposure to Hg2+ ions. This chemodosimeter exhibits good chemoselectivity over other metal cations, and responds with an unambiguous colour change clearly visible to the naked eye. Its synthesis is concise and its ease of use makes it appropriate in resource-constrained environments, for example in determing mercury content of drinking water sources in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M López-Alled
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Woiski C, Dobslaw D, Engesser KH. Isolation and characterization of 2-butoxyethanol degrading bacterial strains. Biodegradation 2020; 31:153-169. [PMID: 32356147 PMCID: PMC7299911 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-020-09900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A total of 11 bacterial strains capable of completely degrading 2-butoxyethanol (2-BE) were isolated from forest soil, a biotrickling filter, a bioscrubber, and activated sludge, and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Eight of these strains belong to the genus Pseudomonas; the remaining three strains are Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava BOE3, Gordonia terrae BOE5, and Cupriavidus oxalaticus BOE300. In addition to 2-BE, all isolated strains were able to grow on 2-ethoxyethanol and 2-propoxyethanol, ethanol, n-hexanol, ethyl acetate, 2-butoxyacetic acid (2-BAA), glyoxylic acid, and n-butanol. Apart from the only gram-positive strain isolated, BOE5, none of the strains were able to grow on the nonpolar ethers diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, and dibenzyl ether, as well as on 1-butoxy-2-propanol. Strains H. pseudoflava BOE3 and two of the isolated pseudomonads, Pseudomonas putida BOE100 and P. vancouverensis BOE200, were studied in more detail. The maximum growth rates of strains BOE3, BOE100, and BOE200 at 30 °C were 0.204 h-1 at 4 mM, 0.645 h-1 at 5 mM, and 0.395 h-1 at 6 mM 2-BE, respectively. 2-BAA, n-butanol, and butanoic acid were detected as potential metabolites during the degradation of 2-BE. These findings indicate that the degradation of 2-BE by the isolated gram-negative strains proceeds via oxidation to 2-BAA with subsequent cleavage of the ether bond yielding glyoxylate and n-butanol. Since Gordonia terrae BOE5 was the only strain able to degrade nonpolar ethers like diethyl ether, the degradation pathway of 2-BE may be different for this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Woiski
- Department of Biological Waste Air Purification, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtaele 2, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Daniel Dobslaw
- Department of Biological Waste Air Purification, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtaele 2, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinrich Engesser
- Department of Biological Waste Air Purification, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtaele 2, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Ji J, Kakade A, Zhang R, Zhao S, Khan A, Liu P, Li X. Alcohol ethoxylate degradation of activated sludge is enhanced by bioaugmentation with Pseudomonas sp. LZ-B. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:335-343. [PMID: 30458400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An effective bioaugmentation strategy was developed for the removal of alcohol ethoxylates (AEs) from municipal wastewater. An AE-degrading strain, Pseudomonas sp. LZ-B, was isolated from an activated sludge. Strain LZ-B was able to degrade 96.8% of 200 mg/L C12E4 (Brij 30) within 24 h and showed significant biomass increase and removal of total oxygen concentration (TOC). The optimal degradation temperature and pH value were 37 °C and 6.0, respectively. The strain demonstrated greater potential to degrade five different molecular weight AEs within 5 days. HPLC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated that the major metabolites obtained were polyethylene glycol (PEG) and carboxylated AE chains. Activated sludge has a low ability to remove AEs. After inoculation of strain LZ-B into the activated sludge reactor, Strain LZ-B successfully colonized the activated sludge, and AE removal efficiency increased to more than 95% when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 10 h. After strain LZ-B cleaved the AE chains, the sludge microbial communities easily removed PEG fragments to facilitate complete biodegradation of AEs. This is the first report describing bioaugmentation to increase AE degradation in an activated sludge system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Apurva Kakade
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Rulan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Aman Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Pu Liu
- Department of Development Biology Sciences, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China; Department of Development Biology Sciences, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.
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Zembrzuska J. Determination of dodecanol and ethoxylated fatty alcohols from environmental samples using diatomaceous earth as a green sorbent for solid-phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:1019-1026. [PMID: 30576069 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the use of diatomaceous earth during solid-phase extraction as an efficient sorbent for separation and concentration of dodecanol and ethoxylated dodecanol containing 1-9 ethoxyl groups. The efficiency of different eluents was evaluated for model samples which allowed to select methanol and chloroform for tests with river water samples. During model experiments, it was observed that the recovery rates of specific compounds in the studied mixture were influenced by the character of the solvent used for desorption. Hydrophobic compounds, such as dodecanol and ethoxylated dodecanol with 1-3 ethoxyl groups, were eluted by chloroform with 100% efficiency. In case of the remaining compounds, which were more hydrophilic, a 97% recovery rate was achieved during elution with methanol. Such dependencies were not observed in case of river water samples, as the results obtained for both studied sorbent-eluent systems were comparable. In both variants the recovery of dodecanol and ethoxylated dodecanol containing 1-9 ethoxyl groups ranged from 33 to 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zembrzuska
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
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Li BX, Pang XY, Zhang P, Lin J, Li XX, Liu Y, Li H, Liu F, Mu W. Alcohol ethoxylates significantly synergize pesticides than alkylphenol ethoxylates considering bioactivity against three pests and joint toxicity to Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:1452-1459. [PMID: 30743857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seeking alternatives for alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) have been a heavily researched topic in the surfactant industry and agricultural systems. In this study, the combined effects of different ethoxylates and pesticides on the bioactivity against three pests and toxicological risks to Daphnia magna were investigated. Results showed that alcohol ethoxylates (AEOs) had higher synergistic effects on the bioactivity of pesticides against Spodoptera exigua, Agrotis ipsilon and Aphis citricola than did APEOs. In terms of the joint toxicity of the ethoxylates and pesticides to D. magna, additive index method, toxicity unit method, V value method and isobologram method were used in the tests. All of these methods indicated that the joint effects of APEOs + acetamiprid and APEOs + indoxacarb upon D. magna turned from synergism to antagonism with the increasing EO (ethylene oxide) numbers. Those of AEOs exhibited similar trends. Overall, AEOs may be potential alternatives for APEOs in agriculture as they synergize pesticides against three pests significantly more than do APEOs. However, further research should investigate the compounds' environmental risks to aquatic organisms because the AEOs were highly toxic to D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Xing Li
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiu-Yu Pang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Determination of Dodecanol and Short-Chained Ethoxylated Dodecanols by LC-MS/MS (with Electrospray Ionization) After Their Derivatization (with Phenyl Isocyanate). J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2017; 20:1421-1432. [PMID: 29200813 PMCID: PMC5686276 DOI: 10.1007/s11743-017-2015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Abstract This report describes the application of LC-MS/MS for the separation of dodecanol (C12OH) and homogenous fatty alcohols ethoxylated (AE) containing a dodecyl moiety and 1-9 ethoxy groups. These ethoxylates and free alcohol were derivatized for LC-MS/MS analysis with phenyl isocyanate (PIC). The derivatives of analytes with PIC were separated using a C18 column. Gradient elution with a mixture of ethyl acetate and acetonitrile (5 mM) was employed. The described determination method is characterized by low detection limits (range from 0.005 µg L-1 for: C12OH, C12EO2-7 to 1 µg L-1 for C12EO1) and quantification limits (range from 0.01 µg L-1 for: C12EO5-7 to 2 µg L-1 for C12EO1). The developed and validated method was used in combination with liquid-liquid extraction (using ethyl acetate) in order to identify and quantitatively determine the C12OH and C12EO1-9 present in environmental samples collected from Warta river water in Poznan. Graphical abstract
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