1
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Bocca B, Battistini B. Biomarkers of exposure and effect in human biomonitoring of metal-based nanomaterials: their use in primary prevention and health surveillance. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:1-35. [PMID: 38436298 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2301692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Metal-based nanomaterials (MNMs) have gained particular interest in nanotechnology industry. They are used in various industrial processes, in biomedical applications or to improve functional properties of several consumer products. The widescale use of MNMs in the global consumer market has resulted in increases in the likelihood of exposure and risks to human beings. Human exposure to MNMs and assessment of their potential health effects through the concomitant application of biomarkers of exposure and effect of the most commonly used MNMs were reviewed in this paper. In particular, interactions of MNMs with biological systems and the nanobiomonitoring as a prevention tool to detect the early damage caused by MNMs as well as related topics like the influence of some physicochemical features of MNMs and availability of analytical approaches for MNMs testing in human samples were summarized in this review. The studies collected and discussed seek to increase the current knowledge on the internal dose exposure and health effects of MNMs, highlighting the advantages in using biomarkers in primary prevention and health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Battistini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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2
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Sharma H, Dar TA, Wijayasinghe YS, Sahoo D, Poddar NK. Nano-Osmolyte Conjugation: Tailoring the Osmolyte-Protein Interactions at the Nanoscale. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47367-47379. [PMID: 38144115 PMCID: PMC10733987 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Osmolytes are small organic compounds accumulated at higher concentrations in the cell under various stress conditions like high temperature, high salt, high pressure, etc. Osmolytes mainly include four major classes of compounds including sugars, polyols, methylamines, and amino acids and their derivatives. In addition to their ability to maintain protein stability and folding, these osmolytes, also termed as chemical chaperones, can prevent protein misfolding and aggregation. Although being efficient protein folders and stabilizers, these osmolytes exhibit certain unavoidable limitations such as nearly molar concentrations of osmolytes being required for their effect, which is quite difficult to achieve inside a cell or in the extracellular matrix due to nonspecificity and limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier system and reduced bioavailability. These limitations can be overcome to a certain extent by using smart delivery platforms for the targeted delivery of osmolytes to the site of action. In this context, osmolyte-functionalized nanoparticles, termed nano-osmolytes, enhance the protein stabilization and chaperone efficiency of osmolytes up to 105 times in certain cases. For example, sugars, polyols, and amino acid functionalized based nano-osmolytes have shown tremendous potential in preventing protein aggregation. The enhanced potential of nano-osmolytes can be attributed to their high specificity at low concentrations, high tunability, amphiphilicity, multivalent complex formation, and efficient drug delivery system. Keeping in view the promising potential of nano-osmolytes conjugation in tailoring the osmolyte-protein interactions, as compared to their molecular forms, the present review summarizes the recent advancements of the nano-osmolytes that enhance the protein stability/folding efficiency and ability to act as artificial chaperones with increased potential to prevent protein misfolding disorders. Some of the potential nano-osmolyte aggregation inhibitors have been highlighted for large-scale screening with future applications in aggregation disorders. The synthesis of nano-osmolytes by numerous approaches and future perspectives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Sharma
- Department
of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-Ajmer Express Highway, Dehmi
Kalan, Near GVK Toll Plaza, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry, University of
Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | | | - Dibakar Sahoo
- School
of Physics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, Odisha, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department
of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-Ajmer Express Highway, Dehmi
Kalan, Near GVK Toll Plaza, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
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3
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Recent advances in nanoparticle-mediated antibacterial applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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4
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Jia QY, Jia R, Chen CM, Wang L. Characterization of CdSe QDs biosynthesized by a recombinant Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Calvo V, González‐Domínguez JM, Benito AM, Maser WK. Synthesis and Processing of Nanomaterials Mediated by Living Organisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Calvo
- Group of Carbon Nanostructures and Nanotechnology (G-CNN) Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - José M. González‐Domínguez
- Group of Carbon Nanostructures and Nanotechnology (G-CNN) Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ana M. Benito
- Group of Carbon Nanostructures and Nanotechnology (G-CNN) Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Wolfgang K. Maser
- Group of Carbon Nanostructures and Nanotechnology (G-CNN) Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4 50018 Zaragoza Spain
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6
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Gavrilaș S, Ursachi CȘ, Perța-Crișan S, Munteanu FD. Recent Trends in Biosensors for Environmental Quality Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1513. [PMID: 35214408 PMCID: PMC8879434 DOI: 10.3390/s22041513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of environmental pollution requires fast, reliable, cost-effective and small devices. This need explains the recent trends in the development of biosensing devices for pollutant detection. The present review aims to summarize the newest trends regarding the use of biosensors to detect environmental contaminants. Enzyme, whole cell, antibody, aptamer, and DNA-based biosensors and biomimetic sensors are discussed. We summarize their applicability to the detection of various pollutants and mention their constructive characteristics. Several detection principles are used in biosensor design: amperometry, conductometry, luminescence, etc. They differ in terms of rapidity, sensitivity, profitability, and design. Each one is characterized by specific selectivity and detection limits depending on the sensitive element. Mimetic biosensors are slowly gaining attention from researchers and users due to their advantages compared with classical ones. Further studies are necessary for the development of robust biosensing devices that can successfully be used for the detection of pollutants from complex matrices without prior sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Florentina-Daniela Munteanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Tourism and Environmental Protection, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.G.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.P.-C.)
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7
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Calvo V, González-Domínguez JM, Benito AM, Maser WK. Synthesis and Processing of Nanomaterials Mediated by Living Organisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113286. [PMID: 34730273 PMCID: PMC9300077 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials offer exciting properties and functionalities. However, their production and processing frequently involve complex methods, cumbersome equipment, harsh conditions, and hazardous media. The capability of organisms to accomplish this using mild conditions offers a sustainable, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly alternative. Different nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles, quantum dots, silica nanostructures, and nanocellulose are being synthesized increasingly through living entities. In addition, the bionanofabrication potential enables also the in situ processing of nanomaterials inside biomatrices with unprecedented outcomes. In this Minireview we present a critical state‐of‐the‐art vision of current nanofabrication approaches mediated by living entities (ranging from unicellular to higher organisms), in order to expand this knowledge and scrutinize future prospects. An efficient interfacial interaction at the nanoscale by green means is within reach through this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Calvo
- Group of Carbon Nanostructures and Nanotechnology (G-CNN), Instituto de Carboquímica, ICB-CSIC, C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José M González-Domínguez
- Group of Carbon Nanostructures and Nanotechnology (G-CNN), Instituto de Carboquímica, ICB-CSIC, C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M Benito
- Group of Carbon Nanostructures and Nanotechnology (G-CNN), Instituto de Carboquímica, ICB-CSIC, C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Wolfgang K Maser
- Group of Carbon Nanostructures and Nanotechnology (G-CNN), Instituto de Carboquímica, ICB-CSIC, C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Ji L, Zhang J, Wang Q, Guo T, Ni S, Cai R, Mu X, Long W, Wang H. Recent Progress on NIR-II Photothermal Therapy. Front Chem 2021; 9:728066. [PMID: 34395388 PMCID: PMC8358119 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.728066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photothermal therapy is a very promising treatment method in the field of cancer therapy. The photothermal nanomaterials in near-infrared region (NIR-I, 750-900 nm) attracts extensive attention in recent years because of the good biological penetration of NIR light. However, the penetration depth is still not enough for solid tumors due to high tissue scattering. The light in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) allows deeper tissue penetration, higher upper limit of radiation and greater tissue tolerance than that in the NIR-I, and it shows greater application potential in photothermal conversion. This review summarizes the photothermal properties of Au nanomaterials, two-dimensional materials, metal oxide sulfides and polymers in the NIR-II and their application prospects in photothermal therapy. It will arouse the interest of scientists in the field of cancer treatment as well as nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunguang Zhang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingling Ji
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China
| | - Qihao Wang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Guo
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China
| | - Simin Ni
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China
| | - Ru Cai
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyu Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Long
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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9
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Li H, Yang R, Hao L, Wang C, Li M. CspB and CspC are induced upon cold shock in Bacillus cereus strain D2. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:703-712. [PMID: 34058099 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus D2, a psychrotrophic strain, plays an essential role in the restoration of heavy metal-contaminated soils, especially at low temperatures. However, the cold shock response mechanisms of this strain are unclear. In this study, the cold shock response of B. cereus D2 was characterized; as per the Arrhenius curve, 10 °C was chosen as the cold shock temperature. Six cold shock-like proteins were found and temporarily named cold shock protein (Csp)1-6; the respective genes were cloned and identified. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that csp1, csp2, csp3, and csp6 were overexpressed under cold shock conditions. Interestingly, after cloning the respective encoding genes into pET-28a (+) vector and their subsequent transformation into E. coli BL21 (DE3), the strains expressing Csp2 and Csp6 grew faster at 10 °C, showing a large number of bacteria. These results suggest that Csp2 and Csp6 are the major cold shock proteins in B. cereus D2. Of note, the comparison of amino acid sequences and structures showed that Csp2 and Csp6 belong to the CspB and CspC families, respectively. Additionally, we show that the number of hydrophobic residues is not a determining feature of major Csps, while, on the other hand, the formation of an α-helix in the context of a leucine residue is the most dominant difference between major, and other Bacillus and E. coli Csps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Li
- Jilin Agricultural University, 85112, Changchun, China;
| | - Rui Yang
- Jilin University, 12510, Changchun, China;
| | - Linlin Hao
- Jilin University, 12510, Changchun, China;
| | | | - Mingtang Li
- Jilin Agricultural University, 85112, Changchun, China, 130018;
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10
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Zou L, Zhu F, Long ZE, Huang Y. Bacterial extracellular electron transfer: a powerful route to the green biosynthesis of inorganic nanomaterials for multifunctional applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:120. [PMID: 33906693 PMCID: PMC8077780 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles (MNPs) using various biological entities as smart nanofactories has emerged as one of the foremost scientific endeavors in recent years. The biosynthesis process is environmentally friendly, cost-effective and easy to be scaled up, and can also bring neat features to products such as high dispersity and biocompatibility. However, the biomanufacturing of inorganic nanomaterials is still at the trial-and-error stage due to the lack of understanding for underlying mechanism. Dissimilatory metal reduction bacteria, especially Shewanella and Geobacter species, possess peculiar extracellular electron transfer (EET) features, through which the bacteria can pump electrons out of their cells to drive extracellular reduction reactions, and have thus exhibited distinct advantages in controllable and tailorable fabrication of inorganic nanomaterials including MNPs and graphene. Our aim is to present a critical review of recent state-of-the-art advances in inorganic biosynthesis methodologies based on bacterial EET using Shewanella and Geobacter species as typical strains. We begin with a brief introduction about bacterial EET mechanism, followed by reviewing key examples from literatures that exemplify the powerful activities of EET-enabled biosynthesis routes towards the production of a series of inorganic nanomaterials and place a special emphasis on rationally tailoring the structures and properties of products through the fine control of EET pathways. The application prospects of biogenic nanomaterials are then highlighted in multiple fields of (bio-) energy conversion, remediation of organic pollutants and toxic metals, and biomedicine. A summary and outlook are given with discussion on challenges of bio-manufacturing with well-defined controllability. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zou
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation & Utilization From Poyang Lake Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation & Utilization From Poyang Lake Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhong-Er Long
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation & Utilization From Poyang Lake Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yunhong Huang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation & Utilization From Poyang Lake Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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11
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Xu S, Luo X, Huang Q, Chen W. Calcium-crosslinked alginate-encapsulated bacteria for remediating of cadmium-polluted water and production of CdS nanoparticles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2171-2179. [PMID: 33559717 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pollution with the heavy metal cadmium (Cd2+) is a global problem. Cadmium adversely affects living organisms, highlighting the need to develop new methods for removal of this pollutant from the environment. In this study, we used a novel biomaterial based on calcium-crosslinked alginate-encapsulated bacteria to precipitate Cd2+ in polluted water. Our results show that calcium-crosslinked alginate-encapsulated bacteria effectively removed Cd2+ ions from cadmium-polluted water. Approximately 100% of Cd2+ ions were removed by 10 g (wet weight) of this biomaterial when the loading concentration of Cd2+ reached 1 mM in a volume of 50 ml water. During this process, a CdS nanoparticle, showing good crystallinity in the quantum range, was simultaneously produced. To validate the activity and stability of this biomaterial, we measured cysteine desulfhydrase activity in the stored biomaterial and whether this biomaterial could be recycled. The encapsulated bacteria maintained catalytic activity for at least 2 weeks. The capsules were easily regenerated and possessed good recyclability. Our results indicated that calcium-crosslinked alginate-encapsulated bacteria are suitable for depletion of Cd2+ in polluted water and for production of CdS nanoparticles. These calcium-crosslinked alginate-encapsulated bacteria are safe for biological manipulation and can be widely used to produce CdS nanoparticles during bioremediation of Cd2+-polluted water. KEY POINTS: • Calcium-crosslinked alginate-encapsulated bacteria can effectively precipitate Cd2+ in water coupled with production of CdS quantum dots. • The encapsulated bacteria maintained catalytic activity for at least 2 weeks. • The capsules were easily regenerated and possessed good recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozu Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuesong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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12
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Li C, Wang Y, Jiang H, Wang X. Biosensors Based on Advanced Sulfur-Containing Nanomaterials. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3488. [PMID: 32575665 PMCID: PMC7349518 DOI: 10.3390/s20123488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, sulfur-containing nanomaterials and their derivatives/composites have attracted much attention because of their important role in the field of biosensor, biolabeling, drug delivery and diagnostic imaging technology, which inspires us to compile this review. To focus on the relationships between advanced biomaterials and biosensors, this review describes the applications of various types of sulfur-containing nanomaterials in biosensors. We bring two types of sulfur-containing nanomaterials including metallic sulfide nanomaterials and sulfur-containing quantum dots, to discuss and summarize the possibility and application as biosensors based on the sulfur-containing nanomaterials. Finally, future perspective and challenges of biosensors based on sulfur-containing nanomaterials are briefly rendered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (C.L.); (Y.W.); (H.J.)
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13
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Qin W, Wang CY, Ma YX, Shen MJ, Li J, Jiao K, Tay FR, Niu LN. Microbe-Mediated Extracellular and Intracellular Mineralization: Environmental, Industrial, and Biotechnological Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907833. [PMID: 32270552 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbe-mediated mineralization is ubiquitous in nature, involving bacteria, fungi, viruses, and algae. These mineralization processes comprise calcification, silicification, and iron mineralization. The mechanisms for mineral formation include extracellular and intracellular biomineralization. The mineral precipitating capability of microbes is often harnessed for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles, which are relatively less toxic compared with those synthesized through physical or chemical methods. Microbe-mediated mineralization has important applications ranging from pollutant removal and nonreactive carriers, to other industrial and biomedical applications. Herein, the different types of microbe-mediated biomineralization that occur in nature, their mechanisms, as well as their applications are elucidated to create a backdrop for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min-Juan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- College of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Yaqoob AA, Ahmad H, Parveen T, Ahmad A, Oves M, Ismail IMI, Qari HA, Umar K, Mohamad Ibrahim MN. Recent Advances in Metal Decorated Nanomaterials and Their Various Biological Applications: A Review. Front Chem 2020; 8:341. [PMID: 32509720 PMCID: PMC7248377 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (nanoparticles) have received much attention in biological application because of their unique physicochemical properties. The metal- and metal oxide-supported nanomaterials have shown significant therapeutic effect in medical science. The mechanisms related to the interaction of nanoparticles with animal and plant cells can be used to establish its significant role and to improve their activity in health and medical applications. Various attempts have been made to discuss the antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial activity of metal-supported nanoparticles. Despite all these developments, there is still a need to investigate their performance to overcome modern challenges. In this regard, the present review examines the role of various types of metal-supported nanomaterials in different areas such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and so on. Based on the significant ongoing research and applications, it is expected that metal-supported nanomaterials play an outstanding role not only in medical but also in other important areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ali Yaqoob
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hilal Ahmad
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Akil Ahmad
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Oves
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal M. I. Ismail
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda A. Qari
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Umar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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15
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Cao K, Chen MM, Chang FY, Cheng YY, Tian LJ, Li F, Deng GZ, Wu C. The biosynthesis of cadmium selenide quantum dots by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa PA-1 for photocatalysis. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Bionanomining: biotechnological synthesis of metal nanoparticles from mining waste—opportunity for sustainable management of mining environmental liabilities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1859-1869. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Xiao H, Xu L, Xiao Z, Huang H, Gan Y, Pan G, Tao X, Xia Y, Xia X, Zhang W. Biological Metabolism Synthesis of Metal Oxides Nanorods from Bacteria as a Biofactory toward High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902032. [PMID: 31368636 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing awareness toward environmental remediation and renewable energy has led to a vigorous demand for exploring a win-win strategy to realize the eco-efficient conversion of pollutants ("trash") into energy-storage nanomaterials ("treasure"). Inspired by the biological metabolism of bacteria, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) is successfully exploited as a promising eco-friendly sustainable biofactory for the controllable fabrication of α-Fe2 O3 nanorods via the oxidation of soluble ferrous irons to insoluble ferric substances (Jarosite, KFe3 (SO4 )2 (OH)6 ) and a facile subsequent heat treatment. It is demonstrated that the stable solid electrolyte interphase layers and marvelous cracks in situ formed in biometabolic α-Fe2 O3 nanorods play important roles that not only significantly enhance the structure stability but also facilitate electron and ion transfer. Consequently, these biometabolic α-Fe2 O3 nanorods deliver a superior stable capacity of 673.9 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 over 200 cycles and a remarkable multi-rate capability that observably prevails over the commercial counterpart. It is highly expected that such biological synthesis strategies can shed new light on an emerging field of research interconnecting biotechnology, energy technology, environmental technology, and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Ningbo Graphene Innovation Center Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315200, China
| | - Lusheng Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yongping Gan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Guoxiang Pan
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Xinyong Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yang Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wenkui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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18
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Remediation of Potential Toxic Elements from Wastes and Soils: Analysis and Energy Prospects. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11123307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the application of the main hazardous waste management techniques in mining operations and in dumping sites being conscious of the inter-linkages and inter-compartment of the contaminated soils and sediments. For this purpose, a systematic review of the literature on the reduction or elimination of different potential toxic elements was carried out, focusing on As, Cd and Hg as main current contaminant agents. Selected techniques are feasible according to several European countries’ directives, especially in Spain. In the case of arsenic, we verified that there exists a main line that is based on the use of iron minerals and its derivatives. It is important to determine its speciation since As (III) is more toxic and mobile than As (V). For cadmium (II), we observed a certain predominance of the use of biotic techniques, compared to a variety of others. Finally, in mercury case, treatments include a phytoremediation technique using Limnocharis flava and the use of a new natural adsorbent: a modified nanobiocomposite hydrogel. The use of biological treatments is increasingly being studied because they are environmentally friendly, efficient and highly viable in both process and energy terms. The study of techniques for the removal of potential toxic elements should be performed with a focus on the simultaneous removal of several metals, since in nature they do not appear in isolation. Moreover, we found that energy analysis constitutes a limiting factor in relation to the feasibility of these techniques.
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19
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Role of novel bacterial Raoultella sp. strain X13 in plant growth promotion and cadmium bioremediation in soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3887-3897. [PMID: 30820635 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils has become a widespread serious problem with the rapid industrialization and urbanization in the past two decades. Cadmium (Cd2+) is of the most concern in soils due to its high toxicity. It is necessary to develop remediation strategies to remove or neutralize its toxic effects in Cd-contaminated soil. Microbial bioremediation is a promising technology to treat heavy metal-contaminated soils. In this study, Cd-resistant bacterium, isolated from heavy metal-polluted soil in Southern China, was characterized as Raoultella sp. strain X13 on the basis of its biochemical profile and 16S rRNA. We investigated the characterization of Cd2+ distribution in different cellular compartments after Cd2+ uptake. Cd2+ uptake by strain X13 was mainly by ion exchange and chelation binding tightly to the cell wall. In addition, X13 plant growth-promoting characteristics suggested that X13 could solubilize phosphate and produce indole acetic acid. Pot experiments for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil in situ by X13 inoculation demonstrated that X13 application to Cd-contaminated soils significantly promoted pak choi growth and improved production. We also found that X13 substantially reduced the Cd2+ bioavailability for pak choi. Therefore, strain X13 is an effective treatment for potential application in Cd2+ remediation as well as for sustainable agronomic production programs in Cd-contaminated soils.
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20
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Romero-Núñez A, González G, Moreno A, Cuéllar-Cruz M. Biomineralization and biosynthesis of nanocrystalline materials and selective uptake of toxic metals controlled by five types of Candida species. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce02197j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Candida species exposed to Pb(ii) and Cd(ii) triggers the biosynthesis of heterogeneous extracellular PbS : Cd and intracellular CdS : Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Romero-Núñez
- Departamento de Biología
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas
- Campus Guanajuato
- Universidad de Guanajuato
- Guanajuato
| | - Gonzalo González
- Departamento de Metálicos y Cerámicos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- CDMX
- Mexico
| | - Abel Moreno
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas
- Campus Guanajuato
- Universidad de Guanajuato
- Guanajuato
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21
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Kim TY, Kim MG, Lee JH, Hur HG. Biosynthesis of Nanomaterials by Shewanella Species for Application in Lithium Ion Batteries. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2817. [PMID: 30524408 PMCID: PMC6258770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials exhibit extraordinary properties based on their size, shape, chemical composition, and crystal structure. Owing to their unique properties nanomaterials are preferred over their bulk counterparts for a number of applications. Although conventional physical and chemical routes were established for the massive production of nanomaterials, there are some drawbacks such as environmental burden and high cost that cannot be disregarded. Recently, there has been great interest toward the green synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials. It has been reported that dissimilatory metal reduction by microorganisms is a cost-effective process to remediate toxic organic and inorganic compounds under anaerobic conditions. Particularly, members of the Shewanella genus have been utilized to produce various biogenic nanomaterials with unique micro/nanostructured morphologies through redox transformations as well as to remove harmful metals and metalloids in eco-efficient and environment-friendly methods under ambient conditions. In the present mini-review, we specifically address the active utilization of microbial respiration processes for the synthesis of novel functional biogenic nanomaterials by the members of the Shewanella genus. This biosynthetic method may provide alternative approaches to produce electrode materials for sustainable energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yang Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hor-Gil Hur
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
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22
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Ali I, Peng C, Khan ZM, Naz I. Yield cultivation of magnetotactic bacteria and magnetosomes: A review. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:643-652. [PMID: 28464298 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) have started to be employed for the biosynthesis of magnetic nanoparticles, due to the rapidly increasing demand for nanoparticles in biomedical, biotechnology and environmental protection. MBT are the group of prokaryotes that have the ability to produce bio-magnetic minerals or bio-magnetic crystals of either magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) or greigite (Fe3 S4 ) in numerous shapes and size ranges, known as magnetosomes (MS). MS compel MTB to respond to the applied external magnetic field. However, it is extremely difficult to grow MTB and produce high yield of MS under artificial environmental conditions, thus creating a major hurdle to relocate MTB technology from laboratory scale to industrial or commercial level. Therefore, to best of our knowledge this review is the first attempt to highlight existing research developments about the laboratory scale and mass production of MS by MTB. Moreover, the optimum culture media and environmental conditions used for the cultivation of MTB were also considered. Finally, future research is encouraged for the improvement of MS yield which will result in the development of advanced nanotechnology/magnetotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changsheng Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zahid M Khan
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Naz
- Department of Biology, Scientific Unit, Deanship of Educational services, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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23
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Nanomaterials made of non-toxic metallic sulfides: A systematic review of their potential biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:1305-1315. [PMID: 28482499 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Metallic sulfides involve the chemical bonding of one or more sulfur atoms to a metal. Metallic sulfides are cheap, abundant semiconductor materials that can be used for several applications. However, an important and emerging use for non-toxic metallic sulfides in biomedical applications has arisen quickly in the medical field. In this systematic review, the available data from electronic databases were collected according to PRISMA alignments for systematic reviews. This review shows that these metallic sulfides could be promising for biomedical uses and applications. This systematic review is focused primarily on the following compounds: silver sulfide, copper sulfide, and iron sulfide. The aim of this review was to provide a quick reference on synthesis methods, biocompatibility, recent advances and perspectives, with remarks on future improvements. The toxicity of metallic sulfides depends directly on the cytotoxicity of their interactions with cells and tissues. Metallic sulfides have potential biomedical applications due to their antibacterial properties, uses in imaging and diagnostics, therapies such as photothermal therapy and chemotherapy in tumors and cancer cells, drug delivery and the fabrication of biosensors for the sensitive and selective detection of moieties, among others. Although current evidence about metallic sulfide NPs is promising, there are still several issues to be addressed before these NPs can be used in biomedicine. The current review is a brief but significant guide to metallic sulfides and their potential uses in the biomedical field.
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24
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Kominkova M, Milosavljevic V, Vitek P, Polanska H, Cihalova K, Dostalova S, Hynstova V, Guran R, Kopel P, Richtera L, Masarik M, Brtnicky M, Kynicky J, Zitka O, Adam V. Comparative study on toxicity of extracellularly biosynthesized and laboratory synthesized CdTe quantum dots. J Biotechnol 2016; 241:193-200. [PMID: 27984119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanobiosynthesis belongs to the most recent methods for synthesis of nanoparticles. This type of synthesis provides many advantages including the uniformity in particle shape and size. The biosynthesis has also a significant advantage regarding chemical properties of the obtained particles. In this study, we characterized the basic properties and composition of quantum dots (QDs), obtained by the extracellular biosynthesis by Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the toxicity of the biosynthesized QDs was compared to QDs prepared by microwave synthesis. The obtained results revealed the presence of cyan CdTe QDs after removal of substantial amounts of organic compounds, which stabilized the nanoparticle surface. QDs toxicity was evaluated using three cell lines Human Foreskin Fibroblast (HFF), Human Prostate Cancer cells (PC-3) and Breast Cancer cells (MCF-7) and the MTT assay. The test revealed differences in the toxicity between variants of QDs, varying about 10% in the HFF and 30% in the MCF-7 cell lines. The toxicity of the biosynthesized QDs to the PC-3 cell lines was about 35% lower in comparison with the QDs prepared by microwave synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Kominkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vedran Milosavljevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Vitek
- Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Belidla 4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Polanska
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology and Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristyna Cihalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Simona Dostalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Hynstova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Guran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Masarik
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology and Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jindrich Kynicky
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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