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Chen M, Du R, Zhang T, Li C, Bao W, Xin F, Hou S, Yang Q, Chen L, Wang Q, Zhu A. The Application of a Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Model in Health Risk Assessment. TOXICS 2023; 11:874. [PMID: 37888724 PMCID: PMC10611306 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Toxicokinetics plays a crucial role in the health risk assessments of xenobiotics. Classical compartmental models are limited in their ability to determine chemical concentrations in specific organs or tissues, particularly target organs or tissues, and their limited interspecific and exposure route extrapolation hinders satisfactory health risk assessment. In contrast, physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models quantitatively describe the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals across various exposure routes and doses in organisms, establishing correlations with toxic effects. Consequently, PBTK models serve as potent tools for extrapolation and provide a theoretical foundation for health risk assessment and management. This review outlines the construction and application of PBTK models in health risk assessment while analyzing their limitations and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ruihu Du
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chutao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenqiang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shaozhang Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qiaomei Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Compatibility Toxicology, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, China
| | - An Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Price SA, Maddaloni MA, Finley BL, Thornton SA, Unice KM. Extending Regulatory Biokinetic Lead Models towards Food Safety: Evaluation of Consumer Baby Food Contribution to Infant Blood Lead Levels and Variability. Foods 2023; 12:2732. [PMID: 37509824 PMCID: PMC10379829 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration released proposed lead (Pb) action levels for foods intended for babies and young children in January 2023 based on the agency's interim reference value of 2.2 µg/day for dietary Pb. Since the 1980s, biokinetic models have estimated blood lead levels (BLLs) associated with environmental contamination, but their use in food safety assessment has been limited. We compared three recent biokinetic models (IEUBK Model, ICRP Model Version 5, and AALM) to develop insights on contributors to variability in potential exposures to Pb in consumer baby food products. While modest variation was observed for babies, the predictions trended to convergence for children aged 3 and older, approaching the U.S. FDA dietary conversion factor of 0.16 µg Pb/dL blood per µg Pb intake/day. We applied the IEUBK model in a probabilistic exposure assessment framework characterizing the distribution of Pb in soil, dust, water, and food intake in the United States. Soil and dust were the primary contributors to variance in infant BLLs, while food and water contributed <15% combined. Thus, reductions in upper-bound soil and dust concentrations will be necessary before achieving appreciable reductions in the frequency of BLLs greater than the BLRV of 3.5 µg/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyler A Price
- Stantec ChemRisk, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11201-1217, USA
| | | | - Brent L Finley
- Stantec ChemRisk, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11201-1217, USA
| | | | - Ken M Unice
- Stantec ChemRisk, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4801, USA
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3
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Ciffroy P, Mertens B, Van Hoeck E, Van Overmeire I, Johansson E, Alfonso B, Baderna D, Selvestrel G, Benfenati E. Modeling the migration of chemicals from food contact materials to food: The MERLIN-expo/VERMEER toolbox. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 166:113118. [PMID: 35605713 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating the migration of chemicals from food contact materials (FCM) into food is a key step in the safety assessment of such materials. In this paper, a simple mechanistic model describing the migration of chemicals from FCM to food was combined with quantitative property-property relationships (QPPRs) for the prediction of diffusion coefficients and FCM-Food partition coefficients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of these operational models in the prediction of a chemical's concentration in food in contact with a plastic monolayer FCM. A comparison to experimental migration values reported in literature was conducted. Deterministic simulations showed a good match between predicted and experimental values. The tested models can be used to provide insights in the amount and the type of toxicological data that are needed for the safety evaluation of the FCM substance. Uncertainty in QPPRs used for describing the processes of both diffusion in FCM and partition at the FCM-Food interface was included in the analysis. Combining uncertainty in QPPR predictions, it was shown that the third quartile (75th percentile) derived from probabilistic calculations can be used as a conservative value in the prediction of chemical concentration in food, with reasonable safety factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ciffroy
- EDF, Division Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, 6 quai Watier, 78401, Chatou, France.
| | - B Mertens
- Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - E Van Hoeck
- Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Van Overmeire
- Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Johansson
- AFRY, Facilia Sweden Section, Frösundaleden 2, SE16970, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Alfonso
- AFRY, Facilia Sweden Section, Frösundaleden 2, SE16970, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Baderna
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - G Selvestrel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - E Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, Italy
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Ciffroy P, Urien N. A probabilistic model for assessing uncertainty and sensitivity in the prediction of monochloramine loss in French river waters. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117383. [PMID: 34237692 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monochloramine (NH2Cl) is increasingly used as alternative disinfectant to free chlorine in industrial plants. After use in cooling systems, the waters are released to the environment and residual NH2Cl may be discharged into the receiving waters. As NH2Cl is suspected to exhibit toxicity towards aquatic organisms, a proper risk assessment of its occurrence in environmental waters is needed to prevent adverse effects on wildlife. For this purpose, a comprehensive model simulating monochloramine loss in natural riverine waters was developed. This model incorporates the following processes: (i) autodecomposition; (ii) reaction with nitrite and bromide; (iii) oxidation with Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC); (iv) oxidation with organic fraction of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM); (v) reactions in bottom sediments and (vi) volatilization. The model was also designed to conduct uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. It was tested on several French rivers submitted to discharges of monochloraminated effluents and on several seasonal conditions. Uncertainty analysis allowed evaluation of confidence intervals related to NH2Cl half-lives in natural waters. It was shown that simulation intervals are in good agreement with experimental data obtained on the same rivers. Sensitivity analysis using an EFAST variance decomposition approach allowed identification of the most influential parameters on half-life determination. It was shown that the kinetic rate describing rapid reaction of NH2Cl with DOC is by far the most sensitive parameter, demonstrating the predominance of such reactions in the loss process. Variables or parameters involved in temperature dependence (temperature and activation energy) can also significantly influence model results. To a lesser extent, wind velocity is the most sensitive parameter explaining uncertainty in the prediction of volatilization, with a high level of interactions with other parameters, showing that loss through volatilization can be essential in some specific conditions only. This study then identified the most important research priorities for improving the prediction of NH2Cl half-lives in natural rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ciffroy
- EDF, Division Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National dHydraulique et Environnement 6 quai Watier, 78401 Chatou, France
| | - N Urien
- EDF, Division Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National dHydraulique et Environnement 6 quai Watier, 78401 Chatou, France
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5
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P C. A comprehensive probabilistic approach for integrating and separating natural variability and parametric uncertainty in the prediction of distribution coefficient of radionuclides in rivers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 225:106371. [PMID: 32978004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A geochemical speciation model was developed to predict Distribution coefficients (Kds) of radionuclides (RNs) in rivers. The model takes into account complexation of RNs with inorganic ligands, sorption of RNs with hydrous ferric oxides, complexation of RNs with dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) and sorption and/or co-precipitation of RNs to carbonates. A sorption model of Cs onto clay was also integrated. The tool is also designed to conduct uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis follows a stepwise structured approach, starting from computationally 'inexpensive' Morris method to most costly variance-based EFAST method. A nested Monte Carlo approach was also implemented to separate natural variability and lack of knowledge in global uncertainty assessment. As case studies, Kd distributions were estimated for Co, Mn, Ag and Cs in seven French rivers. Uncertainty analysis allowed to quantify Kd ranges that can be expected when considering all the sensitive parameters together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciffroy P
- EDF, Division Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, 6 quai Watier, 78401, Chatou, France.
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6
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Zhu M, Wang Z, Chen J, Xie H, Zhao H, Yuan X. Bioaccumulation, Biotransformation, and Multicompartmental Toxicokinetic Model of Antibiotics in Sea Cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13175-13185. [PMID: 32985863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extensive application of antibiotics leads to their ubiquitous occurrence in coastal aquatic environments. However, it remains largely unknown whether antibiotics can be bioaccumulated and biotransformed in major mariculture organisms such as sea cucumbers and toxicokinetic models for Echinodermata are lacking. In this study, laboratory exposure experiments on juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) were performed for seven antibiotics (sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin). Field sea cucumber and surrounding seawater samples were also analyzed. Results show that the sea cucumbers tend to accumulate high concentrations of the antibiotics with kinetic bioconcentration factors (BCFs) up to 1719.7 L·kg-1 for ofloxacin. The BCFs determined in the laboratory agree well with those estimated from the field measurements. Seven biotransformation products (BTPs) of the antibiotics were identified, four of which were not reported previously in aquatic organisms. The BTPs were mainly found in the digestive tract, indicating its high capacity in the biotransformation. A multicompartmental toxicokinetic model based on the principles of passive diffusion was developed, which can successfully predict time-course concentrations of the antibiotics in different compartments of the juvenile sea cucumbers. The findings may offer a scientific basis for assessing health risks and guiding healthy mariculture of sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huaijun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiutang Yuan
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
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Comber SDW, Gardner MJ, Constantino C, Firth S, Hargreaves A, Davies R. Modelling scenarios of environmental recovery after implementation of controls on emissions of persistent organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1865-1876. [PMID: 32794543 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00137f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Comparison of monitoring data with toxicologically-derived environmental quality standards (EQSs) forms the basis of assessments of the quality status of the water environment. Having established the status quo, the logical next step is to address instances of non-compliance with EQSs by applying remedial measures, including reducing the use or at least the emission of the substances of concern or by taking steps to reduce concentrations already present using technological solutions such as enhanced wastewater treatment. The selection of suitable remedial measures must be a compromise between cost, likely effectiveness and the timescale over which improvements might be acceptable. The decision on overall environmental management has also to take into account the need for demonstrable progress; this might mean that it is preferable to address some more readily achievable goal rather than to attempt to solve a more serious, but ultimately intractable problem. This paper describes the development and application of a generic modelling tool that provides a way of assessing the potential requirements for remedial actions and their likely outcomes over a timescale of up to forty years taking account of sediment partitioning, environmental degradation and biological accumulation. The tool was validated using a detailed UK wastewater treatment works effluent discharge dataset. Examples involving several chemicals that are of current concern are provided. Some substances (e.g. tributyltin, PFOS) are identified as likely to meet EQS values in sediments or biota in a relatively short timescale; others (PAHs, DEHP) appear to represent more intractable problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D W Comber
- Plymouth University, B531, Portland Square, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA UK.
| | - M J Gardner
- Oasis Business Park, Eynsham, Oxford OX29 4AH, UK
| | | | - S Firth
- Oasis Business Park, Eynsham, Oxford OX29 4AH, UK
| | - A Hargreaves
- Oasis Business Park, Eynsham, Oxford OX29 4AH, UK
| | - R Davies
- Oasis Business Park, Eynsham, Oxford OX29 4AH, UK
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8
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Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses of Flux-based Ecosystem Model towards Improvement of Forest GPP Simulation. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12072584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An ecosystem model serves as an important tool to understand the carbon cycle in the forest ecosystem. However, the sensitivities of parameters and uncertainties of the model outputs are not clearly understood. Parameter sensitivity analysis (SA) and uncertainty analysis (UA) play a crucial role in the improvement of forest gross primary productivity GPP simulation. This study presents a global SA based on an extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (EFAST) method to quantify the sensitivities of 16 parameters in the Flux-based ecosystem model (FBEM). To systematically evaluate the parameters’ sensitivities, various parameter ranges, different model outputs, temporal variations of parameters sensitivity index (SI) were comprehensively explored via three experiments. Based on the numerical experiments of SA, the UA experiments were designed and performed for parameter estimation based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The ratio of internal CO2 to air CO2 ( f C i ) , canopy quantum efficiency of photon conversion ( α q ) , maximum carboxylation rate at 25 ° C ( V m 25 ) were the most sensitive parameters for the GPP. It was also indicated that α q , E V m and Q 10 were influenced by temperature throughout the entire growth stage. The result of parameter estimation of only using four sensitive parameters (RMSE = 1.657) is very close to that using all the parameters (RMSE = 1.496). The results of SA suggest that sensitive parameters, such as f c i , α q , E V m , V m 25 strongly influence on the forest GPP simulation, and the temporal characteristics of the parameters’ SI on GPP and NEE were changed in different growth. The sensitive parameters were a major source of uncertainty and parameter estimation based on the parameter SA could lead to desirable results without introducing too great uncertainties.
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Brochot C, Casas M, Manzano-Salgado C, Zeman FA, Schettgen T, Vrijheid M, Bois FY. Prediction of maternal and foetal exposures to perfluoroalkyl compounds in a Spanish birth cohort using toxicokinetic modelling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 379:114640. [PMID: 31251942 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposures to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have been associated with child health outcomes, but many of these associations remain poorly characterized. The aim of this work was to provide new indicators of foetal exposure for the Spanish INMA birth cohort. First, a pregnancy and lactation physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was calibrated in a population framework to provide quantitative estimates for the PFOA and PFOS placental transfers in humans. The estimated distributions indicated that PFOA crosses the placental barrier at a rate three times higher than PFOS and shows a higher variability between mothers. The PBPK model was then used to back-calculate the time-varying daily intakes of the INMA mothers corrected for their individual history from a spot maternal concentration. We showed the importance of accounting for the mothers' history as different dietary intakes can result in similar measured concentrations at one time point. Finally, the foetal exposure was simulated in target organs over pregnancy using the PBPK model and the estimated maternal intakes. We showed that the pattern of PFOA and PFOS exposures varies greatly among the foetuses. About a third has levels of either one compound always higher than the levels of the other compound. The other two thirds showed different ranking of PFOA and PFOS in terms of concentrations in the target organs. Our simulated foetal exposures bring additional information to the measured maternal spot concentrations and can help to better characterize the prenatal exposure in target organs during windows of susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Brochot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France.
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cyntia Manzano-Salgado
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Florence A Zeman
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frédéric Y Bois
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
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Unice KM, Weeber MP, Abramson MM, Reid RCD, van Gils JAG, Markus AA, Vethaak AD, Panko JM. Characterizing export of land-based microplastics to the estuary - Part II: Sensitivity analysis of an integrated geospatial microplastic transport modeling assessment of tire and road wear particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1650-1659. [PMID: 30190169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrated models addressing microplastic (MP) generation, terrestrial distribution, and freshwater transport are useful tools characterizing the export of MP to marine waters. In Part I of this study, a baseline watershed-scale MP mass balance model was developed for tire and road wear particles (TRWP) in the Seine watershed. In Part II, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis (SA) methods were used to identify the parameters that determine the transport of these particles to the estuary. Local differential, local range and global first-order variance-based SA identified similar key parameters. The global SA (1000 Monte Carlo simulations) indicated that most of the variance in TRWP exported to the estuary can be apportioned to TRWP diameter (76%), TRWP density (5.6%), the fraction of TRWP directed to combined sewers with treatment (3.9%), and the fraction of TRWP distributed to runoff (versus roadside soil; 2.2%). The export fraction was relatively insensitive to heteroaggregation processes and the rainfall intensity threshold for road surface washoff. The fraction of TRWP exported to estuary in the probabilistic assessment was centered on the baseline estimate of 2%. This fraction ranged from 1.4 to 4.9% (central tendency defined as 25th to 75th percentile) and 0.97% to 13% (plausible upper bound defined as 10th to 90th percentiles). This study emphasizes the importance of in situ characterization of TRWP diameter and density, and confirms the baseline mass balance presented in Part I, which indicated an appreciable potential for capture of TRWP in freshwater sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Unice
- Cardno ChemRisk, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - M P Weeber
- Deltares, PO Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | - R C D Reid
- Cardno ChemRisk, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - A A Markus
- Deltares, PO Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, the Netherlands
| | - A D Vethaak
- Deltares, PO Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit, Department of Environment and Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J M Panko
- Cardno ChemRisk, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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11
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Radomyski A, Lei K, Giubilato E, Critto A, Lin C, Marcomini A. Bioaccumulation of trace metals in aquatic food web. A case study, Liaodong Bay, NE China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:555-565. [PMID: 30503468 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The recently developed modelling tool MERLIN-Expo was applied to support the exposure assessment of an aquatic food web to trace metals in a coastal environment. The exposure scenario, built on the data from Daliao River estuary in the Liaodong Bay (Bohai Sea, China), affected by long-term and large-scale industrial activities as well as rapid urbanization in Liao River watershed, represents an interesting case-study for ecological exposure modelling due to the availability of local data on metal concentrations in water and sediment. The bioaccumulation of selected trace metals in aquatic organisms was modelled and compared with field data from local aquatic organisms. Both model results and experimental data demonstrated that As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, out of examined metals, were accumulated most abundantly by invertebrates and less by higher trophic level species. The body parts of the sampled animals with the highest measured concentration of metals were predominantly muscles, intestine and liver and fish skin in the case of Cr. The Morris and extended Fourier Analysis (EFAST) were used to account for variability in selected parameters of the bioaccumulation model. Food assimilation efficiency and slopes and intercepts of two sub-models for calculating metal specific BCFs (BCFmetal-exposure concentration) and fish weight (Weightfish-Lengthfish) were identified as the most influential parameters on ecological exposure to selected metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Radomyski
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Kai Lei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Elisa Giubilato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Critto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy
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12
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Ciffroy P, Benedetti M. A comprehensive probabilistic approach for integrating natural variability and parametric uncertainty in the prediction of trace metals speciation in surface waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1087-1097. [PMID: 30096547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were to evaluate global uncertainty in the prediction of Distribution coefficients (Kds) for several Trace Metals (TM) (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) through the probabilistic use of a geochemical speciation model, and to conduct sensitivity analysis in speciation modeling in order to identify the main sources of uncertainty in Kd prediction. As a case study, data from the Loire river (France) were considered. The geochemical speciation model takes into account complexation of TM with inorganic ligands, sorption of TM with hydrous ferric oxides, complexation of TM with dissolved and particulate organic matter (i.e. dissolved and particulate humic acids and fulvic acids) and sorption and/or co-precipitation of TM to carbonates. Probability Density Functions (PDFs) were derived for physico-chemical conditions of the Loire river from a comprehensive collection of monitoring data. PDFs for model parameters were derived from literature review. Once all the parameters were assigned PDFs that describe natural variability and/or knowledge uncertainty, a stepwise structured sensitivity analysis (SA) was performed, by starting from computationally 'inexpensive' Morris method to most costly variance-based EFAST method. The most sensitive parameters on Kd predictions were thus ranked and their contribution to Kd variance was quantified. Uncertainty analysis was finally performed, allowing quantifying Kd ranges that can be expected when considering all the sensitive parameters together.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ciffroy
- EDF, Division Recherche et Développement, 6 Quai Watier, 78401 Chatou, France.
| | - M Benedetti
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Universite Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR, 7154, Paris, France
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Giulivo M, Suciu NA, Eljarrat E, Gatti M, Capri E, Barcelo D. Ecological and human exposure assessment to PBDEs in Adige River. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:229-240. [PMID: 29501833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interest for environmental issues and the concern resulting from the potential exposure to contaminants were the starting point to develop methodologies in order to evaluate the consequences that those might have over both the environment and human health. Considering the feature of POPs, including PBDEs, such as bioaccumulation, biomagnification, long-range transport and adverse effects even long time after exposure, risk assessment of POPs requires specific approaches and tools. In this particular context, the MERLIN-Expo tool was used to assess the aquatic environmental exposure of Adige River to PBDEs and the accumulation of PBDEs in humans through the consumption of possible contaminated local aquatic food. The aquatic food web models provided as output of the deterministic simulation the time trend of concentrations for twenty years of BDE-47 and total PBDEs, expressed using the physico-chemical properties of BDE-47, in aquatic organisms of the food web of Adige River. For BDE-47, the highest accumulated concentrations were detected for two benthic species: Thymallus thymallus and Squalius cephalus whereas the lowest concentrations were obtained for the pelagic specie Salmo trutta marmoratus. The trend obtained for the total PBDEs, calculated using the physico-chemical properties of BDE-47, follows the one of BDE-47. For human exposure, different BDE-47 and total PBDEs concentration trends between children, adolescent, adults and elderly were observed, probably correlated with the human intake of fish products in the daily diet and the ability to metabolize these contaminants. In detail, for the adolescents, adults and elderly a continuous accumulation of the target contaminants during the simulation's years was observed, whereas for children a plateau at the end of the simulation period was perceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Giulivo
- Dipartment for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Piacenza, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Nicoleta Alina Suciu
- Dipartment for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Piacenza, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Gatti
- Dipartment for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Piacenza, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ettore Capri
- Dipartment for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Piacenza, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
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14
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Yan F, Xu K, Li D, Cui Z. A novel hazard assessment method for biomass gasification stations based on extended set pair analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185006. [PMID: 28938011 PMCID: PMC5609751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass gasification stations are facing many hazard factors, therefore, it is necessary to make hazard assessment for them. In this study, a novel hazard assessment method called extended set pair analysis (ESPA) is proposed based on set pair analysis (SPA). However, the calculation of the connection degree (CD) requires the classification of hazard grades and their corresponding thresholds using SPA for the hazard assessment. In regard to the hazard assessment using ESPA, a novel calculation algorithm of the CD is worked out when hazard grades and their corresponding thresholds are unknown. Then the CD can be converted into Euclidean distance (ED) by a simple and concise calculation, and the hazard of each sample will be ranked based on the value of ED. In this paper, six biomass gasification stations are introduced to make hazard assessment using ESPA and general set pair analysis (GSPA), respectively. By the comparison of hazard assessment results obtained from ESPA and GSPA, the availability and validity of ESPA can be proved in the hazard assessment for biomass gasification stations. Meanwhile, the reasonability of ESPA is also justified by the sensitivity analysis of hazard assessment results obtained by ESPA and GSPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yan
- School of Resources and Civil engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Kaili Xu
- School of Resources and Civil engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Deshun Li
- School of Resources and Civil engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Zhikai Cui
- Jacobs schools of engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States of America
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15
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Giubilato E, Radomyski A, Critto A, Ciffroy P, Brochot C, Pizzol L, Marcomini A. Modelling ecological and human exposure to POPs in Venice lagoon. Part I - Application of MERLIN-Expo tool for integrated exposure assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 565:961-976. [PMID: 27178754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giubilato
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Artur Radomyski
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Critto
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Philippe Ciffroy
- Electricité de France (EDF) R&D, National Hydraulic and Environment Laboratory, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou, France
| | - Céline Brochot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Lisa Pizzol
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venezia, Italy.
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Suciu N, Tediosi A, Ciffroy P, Altenpohl A, Brochot C, Verdonck F, Ferrari F, Giubilato E, Capri E, Fait G. Potential for MERLIN-Expo, an advanced tool for higher tier exposure assessment, within the EU chemical legislative frameworks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:474-479. [PMID: 27107646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
MERLIN-Expo merges and integrates advanced exposure assessment methodologies, allowing the building of complex scenarios involving several pollution sources and targets. The assessment of exposure and risks to human health from chemicals is of major concern for policy and ultimately benefits all citizens. The development and operational fusion of the advanced exposure assessment methodologies envisaged in the MERLIN-Expo tool will have a significant impact in the long term on several policies dealing with chemical safety management. There are more than 30 agencies in Europe related to exposure and risk evaluation of chemicals, which have an important role in implementing EU policies, having especially tasks of technical, scientific, operational and/or regulatory nature. The main purpose of the present paper is to introduce MERLIN-Expo and to highlight its potential for being effectively integrated within the group of tools available to assess the risk and exposure of chemicals for EU policy. The main results show that the tool is highly suitable for use in site-specific or local impact assessment, with minor modifications it can also be used for Plant Protection Products (PPPs), biocides and REACH, while major additions would be required for a comprehensive application in the field of consumer and worker exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Suciu
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | | | - Philippe Ciffroy
- Electricité de France (EDF) R&D, National Hydraulic and Environment Laboratory, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou, France
| | - Annette Altenpohl
- Österreichisches Normungsinstitut/Austrian Standards Institute, Heinestraße 38, 1020 Wien, Austria
| | - Céline Brochot
- INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | | | | | - Elisa Giubilato
- University Ca Foscari Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venice, Italy
| | - Ettore Capri
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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