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Chen S, Zhang M, Zhang W, Shao X, Yang X, Yang Z, Nan K. The Causal Association Between Blood Lead and Sleep Disorders: Evidence from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Mendelian Randomization Analysis. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024; 14:462-469. [PMID: 38372894 PMCID: PMC11176123 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleep quality is a global public health concern. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for sleep disorders and clarify their causal effects. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and Mendelian randomization (MR)-Base databases. Baseline characteristics of individuals with and without sleep disorders were compared. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the effects of each variable on sleep disorders. Causal effects of blood lead levels and hypertension on sleep disorders were assessed using MR analysis. RESULTS In total, 3660 individuals were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of self-reported sleep disorders was 26.21%. Serum lead level, serum mercury level, serum retinol level, prevalence of hypertension, and daily vigorous work duration were significantly higher for those in the sleep disorders group than the control group. After adjusting for various covariates, the effects of serum lead and hypertension on sleep disorders were stable from logistic regression models 1-4. MR analysis showed that blood lead levels were causally related to the risk of sleep disorders (odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.17, P = 0.030). There was no causal link between elevated blood pressure and sleep disorders (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.04, P = 0.757). Goodness-of-fit tests and sensitivity analyses were used to verify the reliability of the results. CONCLUSIONS Blood lead is positively and causally associated with an increased risk of sleep disorders. These findings provide a novel perspective regarding sleep protection. Taking effective measures to reduce lead exposure may significantly improve sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
- Medical Department, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weisong Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Shao
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- Hongdong County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hongdong, 041600, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Kai Nan
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
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Correia-Sá L, Fernandes VC, Maia ML, Pinto E, Norberto S, Almeida A, Santos C, Delerue-Matos C, Calhau C, Domingues VF. Trace Elements in Portuguese Children: Urinary Levels and Exposure Predictors. TOXICS 2023; 11:767. [PMID: 37755777 PMCID: PMC10535189 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals during developmental stages can result in several adverse outcomes. In this study, the exposure of Portuguese children to Cu, Co, I, Mo, Mn, Ni, As, Sb, Cd, Pb, Sn and Tl was evaluated through the analysis of first morning urine through ICP-MS. Furthermore, we attempted to determine possible exposure predictors. The study sample consisted of 54% girls and 46% boys, with a median age of 10 years; 61% were overweight/obese and were put on a nutritionally oriented diet. For I, half of the population was probably in deficiency status. The median urinary concentrations (μg/L) were Cu 21.9, Mo 54.6, Co 0.76, Mn 2.1, Ni 4.74, As 37.9, Sb 0.09, Cd 0.29, Pb 0.94, Sn 0.45, Tl 0.39 and I 125.5. The region was a significant predictor for Cu, Co, Ni, As and Tl. Children living in an urban area had higher urinary levels, except for Co and Ni. Age was a significant predictor for Cu, I, Mo, Mn, Ni, Sb, Cd and Sn with urinary levels of these elements decreasing with age. No sex-related differences were observed. Diet and weight group were predictors for urinary Cu, Mn, Ni, Sb and As. Significant differences were observed between the diet/weight groups for Cu, Ni, Sb and As, with the healthy diet group presenting higher values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Correia-Sá
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Virgínia C. Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Luz Maia
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Edgar Pinto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (E.P.); (A.A.)
- Departmento de Saúde Ambiental, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Norberto
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Agostinho Almeida
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (E.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Cristina Santos
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
- Health Information and Decision Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
- Nutrição e Metabolismo NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valentina F. Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
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Kulathunga MRDL, Wijayawardena MAA, Naidu R. Dietary heavy metal(loid)s exposure and prevalence of chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3863-3874. [PMID: 34716520 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intake of heavy metals and metalloids through the diet is posing a big research challenge in Sri Lanka due to the increasing occurrence of chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) among the farming communities pursuing their livelihoods in the North Central Province (NCP). Duplicated diet studies were conducted on a sample of 62 individuals comprising adult males, adult females, boys, and girls who were selected following a demographic survey in an area of the NCP where there was a high incidence of CKDu. A health risk assessment was made by analysing the heavy metal(loid)s content in the diet samples, by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Rice and vegetables constituted the main diet in the CKDu prevalent areas, with all gender and age categories adhering to similar daily diet patterns. Results of the heavy metal(loid) analysis of duplicated food intake samples indicated that the amounts of Pb in rice, As and Pb in vegetables, and Cd in fish exceeded the recommended daily limits. Because consumption of rice was much higher than the other food items, the estimated daily intake of Pb exceeded the permissible daily intake of 3.5 µg/kgBW/day. There were no significant differences between the age and gender categories in respect of estimated daily intake of Pb, which suggested that the entire population of the study area faced the risk of a high level of Pb exposure. Further, the hazard quotient of Pb was greater than 1. Influence of heavy metal(loid)s on the prevalence of CKDu cannot be understated, and as such interventions are required as a matter of urgency to reduce the local population's dietary exposure to heavy metal(loid)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R D L Kulathunga
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
- Fruit Research and Development Institute, Horana, Kananwila, Sri Lanka
| | - M A A Wijayawardena
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Dietary Intake of Toxic Heavy Metals with Major Groups of Food Products—Results of Analytical Determinations. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081626. [PMID: 35458187 PMCID: PMC9029343 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food contains a complex matrix of various substances, including essential nutrients, non-nutritive substances, and toxins, including metals. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the contribution of major groups of food products to an overall intake of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, and Ni) using a combination of the 24-dietary recall technique, the ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) method, and chemometric tools. The obtained results reveal that there is a high potential risk of developing nephrotoxicity through the dietary intake of Pb in the case of both genders. The dietary intake determined for other elements (Cd, Hg, and Ni) was far below the limits established by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) supported analytical determinations and revealed that cereals and vegetables were major contributors to a total intake of Cd (39.6 and 17.4% of the total exposure, respectively), Ni (40.4 and 19.3%), and Hg (16.8 and 19.6%), while water and beverages were major dietary sources of Pb (31% of the total daily intake). In contrast, eggs, fats and oils, and milk and dairy products provided the smallest amounts of Cd, Pb, and Ni. Despite containing high amounts of Hg, considering very low consumption, fish were not found to be an important source of this element.
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Koch W, Czop M, Nawrocka A, Wiącek D. Contribution of Major Groups of Food Products to the Daily Intake of Selected Elements-Results from Analytical Determinations Supported by Chemometric Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113412. [PMID: 33172062 PMCID: PMC7694689 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food is a major source of minerals for humans. The main objective of this study was to determine the intake level of 10 essential macro- (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cr, and Se) with major food groups among young adults. Dietary intake of elements was evaluated using the 24-h dietary recall technique in combination with F-AAS and ICP-OES methods. A very high intake of sodium and a very low intake of calcium, combined with inappropriate sodium/potassium ratio, may be harmful to the health of the population. Dietary intake of trace elements was within the range of reference values in the subjects, with cereals being the major source of a majority of those elements, while meat (38% for Na), vegetables (25% for K), and milk products (75% for Ca) were the main contributors to the daily dietary intake of macroelements. PCA revealed several visible trends in the datasetAmong men, the intake of Zn, Cr Na and K was significantly correlated with the consumption of meat and vegetables, whereas Mg, Se, Fe and Cu with cereals and water and beverages. Among women, the intake of Mg was significantly correlated with the consumption of meat and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-7143
| | - Marcin Czop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11 Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (D.W.)
| | - Dariusz Wiącek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (D.W.)
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Gulson B, Mizon K, Taylor A, Wu M. Dietary zinc, calcium and nickel are associated with lower childhood blood lead levels. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:439-444. [PMID: 30390566 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The potential mitigation of elevated blood lead (PbB) levels with nutrient intake remains debatable. A comprehensive review by Kordas (2017) concluded that careful examination of the links between nutrition (nutritional status, nutrients, diet) and lead (Pb) exposure revealed limited and tenuous evidence. We have measured 20 elements including calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and Pb from 6-day duplicate diets of 108 young children over a 5-year period and expressed these as intakes per body weight. Bivariate analyses showed a weak positive association between the Pb content in the diets of the participants and the level of Pb in their blood, as might be expected. Weak, but negative, associations occurred between the other elements in the diet and PbB. The associations for Ca, Mg, Ni and Zn were statistically significant for both subject-based (between subjects) and within-subject effects: that is, as the levels of elements in diet increased, the PbB level decreased. The largest percentage of variance of PbB in the context of the bivariate model accounted for was 4.23% for Zn, followed by Ca (3.91%) and Fe (2.20%). Supplementary analyses indicated that the between- and within-subject effects did not vary with the age at which participants entered the study, or with the levels of elements at their first measurement. A multivariable analysis using Weighted Quantile Sum Regressions showed that a weighted composite comprised of all the dietary elements had a significant association with PbB when adjusted for Pb in the diet and other covariates and also when adjusted for Pb in house dust; the latter was found to have the strongest association with PbB in earlier analyses. The highest weights were for Ca (0.29), Ni (0.27) and Zn (0.22); these results are generally consistent with those from the mixed model analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Gulson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; CSIRO, Energy, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Karen Mizon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Alan Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Wu
- UBO Services Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Dai Y, Huo X, Zhang Y, Yang T, Li M, Xu X. Elevated lead levels and changes in blood morphology and erythrocyte CR1 in preschool children from an e-waste area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:51-59. [PMID: 28301822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Improper dismantling and combustion of electronic waste (e-waste) may release persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals that possess potential risk for human health. Lead (Pb) is carried through the circulatory system by erythrocytes and is known to alter the functions of hematopoietic and immune systems. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Pb exposure on blood morphology and erythrocyte complement receptor 1 (CR1) levels as related to immunologic function in preschool children. We recruited 484 preschool children, 2- to 6-years of age, among whom 332 children were from Guiyu, a typical and primitive e-waste processing area, and 152 children from Haojiang (reference area). Results showed that the blood Pb level (BPb) and erythrocyte Pb level (EPb) of exposed children were significantly higher, but, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and erythrocyte CR1 levels were significantly lower than reference children. Elevated EPb and BPb was related to disadvantageous changes in hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and MCHC, respectively, in children from the e-waste recycling area. Furthermore, in the high Pb-exposed group, the Pb toxicity of erythrocytes was more significant compared to the low Pb-exposed group in e-waste-exposed children. Combine with the BPb and EPb would be better to evaluating the Pb toxicity of erythrocytes. Compared to low Pb exposure, high BPb and EPb were associated with lower erythrocyte CR1 expression in all children. Our data suggests that elevated Pb levels result in adverse changes in blood morphology, hemoglobin synthesis and CR1 expression, which might be a non-negligible threat to erythrocyte immunity development in local preschool children. It is therefore imperative for any intervention to control the Pb exposure of children and actively educate adults to raise their environmental awareness of potential e-waste pollution during the recycling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Dai
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.
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