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Matiatos I, Lazogiannis K, Papadopoulos A, Skoulikidis NT, Boeckx P, Dimitriou E. Stable isotopes reveal organic nitrogen pollution and cycling from point and non-point sources in a heavily cultivated (agricultural) Mediterranean river basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166455. [PMID: 37607634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The Pinios River Basin (PRB) is the most intensively cultivated area in Greece, which hosts numerous industries and other anthropogenic activities. The analysis of water samples collected monthly for ∼1 ½ years in eight monitoring sites in the PRB revealed nitrate pollution of organic origin extending from upstream to downstream and occurring throughout the year, masking the signal from the application of synthetic fertilizers. Nitrate concentrations reached up to 3.6 mg/l as NO3--N, without exceeding the drinking water threshold of ∼11.0 mg/l (as NO3--N). However, the water quality status was "poor" or "bad" in ∼50 % of the samples based on a local index, which considers the potential impact of nitrate on aquatic biological communities. The δ15Ν-ΝΟ3- and δ18O-NO3- values ranged from +4.4 ‰ to +20.3 ‰ and from -0.5 ‰ to +14.4 ‰, respectively. The application of a Bayesian model showed that the proportional contribution of organic pollution from industries, animal breeding facilities and manure fertilizers exceeded 70 % in most river sites with an overall uncertainty of ∼0.3 (UI90 index). The δ18O-NO3- and its relationship with δ18O-H2O revealed N-cycling and mixing processes, which were difficult to identify apart from the uptake of nutrients by phytoplankton during the growing season and metabolic activities. The strong correlation of δ15Ν-ΝΟ3- values with a Land Use Index (LUI) and a Point Source Index (PSI) highlighted not only the role of non-point nitrate sources but also of point sources of nitrate pollution on water quality degradation, which are usually overlooked. The nitrification of organic wastes is the dominant nitrate source in most rivers in Europe. The systematic monitoring of rivers for nitrate isotopes will help improve the understanding of N-cycling and the impact of these pollutants on ecosystems and better inform policies for protection measures so to achieve good ecological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Matiatos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 19013 Anavissos Attikis, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Lazogiannis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 19013 Anavissos Attikis, Greece
| | - Anastasios Papadopoulos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 19013 Anavissos Attikis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Th Skoulikidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 19013 Anavissos Attikis, Greece
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Elias Dimitriou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 19013 Anavissos Attikis, Greece
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Skoulikidis NT, Matiatos I, Michalopoulos P, Smeti E, Özkan C, Akepsimaidis K, Laschou S, Stumpp C. Sources of major elements and nutrients in the water cycle of an undisturbed river basin - Samothraki Island, Greece. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165361. [PMID: 37419357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
We studied the origin of elements of an undisturbed stream basin during the dry season as derived by atmospheric inputs and lithological processes. Α mass balance model was applied taking into account atmospheric (rain and vapor) inputs and their origin from marine aerosol and dust, as well as the contribution of rock mineral weathering and dissolution of soluble salts. The model results were enhanced using element enrichment factors, element ratios and water stable isotopes. Weathering and dissolution of bedrock and soil minerals contributed the main element portions, besides sodium and sulfate that chiefly derived from wet deposition. Vapor was shown to contribute water to inland waters of the basin. However, rain was the main source of elements compared to vapor, with marine aerosol being the only atmospheric chloride source, contributing also over 60 % of atmospheric sodium and magnesium. Silicate derived from mineral weathering (mainly plagioclase and amorphous silica), while soluble salt dissolution contributed the main portions of the rest of major elements. In headwater springs and streams, element concentrations were more affected by atmospheric inputs and silicate mineral weathering was more intense, contrary to lowland waters that were more affected by soluble salt dissolution. Effective self-purification processes were mirrored in low nutrient levels, despite the significant inputs from wet deposition, with rain being more important contributor than vapor for the majority of nutrient species. Relatively high nitrate concentrations in headwaters were attributed to increased mineralization and nitrification, while the downstream nitrate diminishing was due to prevailing denitrification processes. The ultimate goal of this study is to contribute in establishing stream elements' reference conditions using mass balance modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Th Skoulikidis
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources & Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Matiatos
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources & Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Michalopoulos
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece
| | - Evangelia Smeti
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources & Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece
| | - Cemil Özkan
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantinos Akepsimaidis
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources & Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece
| | - Sofia Laschou
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources & Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Xie S, Wang W, Li N, Wen C, Zhu S, Luo X. Effect of Drying-Rewetting cycles on the metal adsorption and tolerance of natural biofilms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 327:116922. [PMID: 36462490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drying-rewetting (D-RW) cycles can induce changes in biofilms by forcing the microbial community to tolerate and adapt to environmental pressure. Existing studies have mostly focused on the impact of D-RW cycles on the microbial community structure, and little attention has been paid to how D-RW cycles may change the biofilm tolerance and adsorption of heavy metals. We experimentally evaluated the effect of repeated D-RW cycles on the Cd2+ and Pb2+ adsorption and tolerance of biofilms. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the biofilm decreased as the number of D-RW cycles was increased, which was attributed to a change in affinity between the biofilm and metal ions. For a binary metal system, the D-RW cycles affected the competitive adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by the biofilm. A synergistic effect was observed with one and three D-RW cycles, while an antagonistic effect was observed for the control film and five D-RW cycles. The tolerance of the biofilm to Cd2+ and Pb2+ increased with the number of D-RW cycles. The stress from the D-RW cycles may have increased the relative abundance of drought-tolerant bacteria, which altered the biofilm functions and thus indirectly affected the heavy metal adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xie
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Nihong Li
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chen Wen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shijun Zhu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China.
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4
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Miao L, Li C, Adyel TM, Huang W, Wu J, Yu Y, Hou J. Effects of the Desiccation Duration on the Dynamic Responses of Biofilm Metabolic Activities to Rewetting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1828-1836. [PMID: 36637413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global climate changes have increased the duration and frequency of river flow interruption, affecting the physical and community structure of benthic biofilms. However, the dynamic responses of biofilm metabolism during the dry-wet transition remain poorly understood. Herein, the dynamic changes in biofilm metabolic activities were investigated through mesocosm experiments under short-term (25 day) and long-term drought (90 day), followed by a 20 day rewetting. The biofilm ecosystem metabolism, as measured by gross primary production and community respiration, was significantly inhibited and turned heterotrophic during the desiccation phase and then recovered, becoming autotrophic during the rewetting period regardless of the desiccation periods due to the high resilience of the autotrophic community. However, long-term drought decreased the recovery rate of the ecosystem metabolism and also caused irreparable damage to the biofilm carbon metabolism, measured using Biolog Eco Plates. Specifically, the recovery of the total carbon metabolic activity is related to the specific carbon source utilized by biofilm microorganisms, such as polymers, carbohydrates, and carboxylic acids. However, the divergent changes of amino acids caused the failure of the total carbon metabolism in long-term drought treatments to recover to the control level even after 20 days of rewetting. This research provides direct evidence that the increased duration of non-flow periods affects biofilm-mediated carbon biogeochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Tanveer M Adyel
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Wei Huang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
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DelVecchia AG, Shanafield M, Zimmer MA, Busch MH, Krabbenhoft CA, Stubbington R, Kaiser KE, Burrows RM, Hosen J, Datry T, Kampf SK, Zipper SC, Fritz K, Costigan K, Allen DC. Reconceptualizing the hyporheic zone for nonperennial rivers and streams. FRESHWATER SCIENCE (PRINT) 2022; 41:167-182. [PMID: 35846249 PMCID: PMC9280706 DOI: 10.1086/720071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonperennial streams dominate global river networks and are increasing in occurrence across space and time. When surface flow ceases or the surface water dries, flow or moisture can be retained in the subsurface sediments of the hyporheic zone, supporting aquatic communities and ecosystem processes. However, hydrological and ecological definitions of the hyporheic zone have been developed in perennial rivers and emphasize the mixing of water and organisms, respectively, from both the surface stream and groundwater. The adaptation of such definitions to include both humid and dry unsaturated conditions could promote characterization of how hydrological and biogeochemical variability shape ecological communities within nonperennial hyporheic zones, advancing our understanding of both ecosystem structure and function in these habitats. To conceptualize hyporheic zones for nonperennial streams, we review how water sources and surface and subsurface structure influence hydrological and physicochemical conditions. We consider the extent of this zone and how biogeochemistry and ecology might vary with surface states. We then link these components to the composition of nonperennial stream communities. Next, we examine literature to identify priorities for hydrological and ecological research exploring nonperennial hyporheic zones. Lastly, by integrating hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology, we recommend a multidisciplinary conceptualization of the nonperennial hyporheic zone as the porous subsurface streambed sediments that shift between lotic, lentic, humid, and dry conditions in space and time to support aquatic-terrestrial biodiversity. As river drying increases in extent because of global change, we call for holistic, interdisciplinary research across the terrestrial and aquatic sciences to apply this conceptualization to characterize hyporheic zone structure and function across the full spectrum of hydrological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G. DelVecchia
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Margaret Shanafield
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Ring Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Margaret A. Zimmer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1156 High Street, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| | - Michelle H. Busch
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, Oklahoma 73019 USA
| | - Corey A. Krabbenhoft
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Rachel Stubbington
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS United Kingdom
| | - Kendra E. Kaiser
- Geosciences Department, Boise State University, 1295 University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725 USA
| | - Ryan M. Burrows
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121 Australia
| | - Jake Hosen
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906 USA
| | - Thibault Datry
- French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, UR-RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Centre Lyon-Grenoble Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 5 rue de la Doua CS70077, 69626 Villeurbanne CEDEX France
| | - Stephanie K. Kampf
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, 1476 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 USA
| | - Samuel C. Zipper
- Kansas Geological Survey, 1930 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047 USA
| | - Ken Fritz
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Mailstop 585, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 USA
| | - Katie Costigan
- School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana, 611 McKinley Street, Hamilton Hall 323, P.O. Box 43717, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504USA
| | - Daniel C. Allen
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, 311 Forestry Resources Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
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6
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Abstract
AbstractWatershed resilience is the ability of a watershed to maintain its characteristic system state while concurrently resisting, adapting to, and reorganizing after hydrological (for example, drought, flooding) or biogeochemical (for example, excessive nutrient) disturbances. Vulnerable waters include non-floodplain wetlands and headwater streams, abundant watershed components representing the most distal extent of the freshwater aquatic network. Vulnerable waters are hydrologically dynamic and biogeochemically reactive aquatic systems, storing, processing, and releasing water and entrained (that is, dissolved and particulate) materials along expanding and contracting aquatic networks. The hydrological and biogeochemical functions emerging from these processes affect the magnitude, frequency, timing, duration, storage, and rate of change of material and energy fluxes among watershed components and to downstream waters, thereby maintaining watershed states and imparting watershed resilience. We present here a conceptual framework for understanding how vulnerable waters confer watershed resilience. We demonstrate how individual and cumulative vulnerable-water modifications (for example, reduced extent, altered connectivity) affect watershed-scale hydrological and biogeochemical disturbance response and recovery, which decreases watershed resilience and can trigger transitions across thresholds to alternative watershed states (for example, states conducive to increased flood frequency or nutrient concentrations). We subsequently describe how resilient watersheds require spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in hydrological and biogeochemical interactions between terrestrial systems and down-gradient waters, which necessitates attention to the conservation and restoration of vulnerable waters and their downstream connectivity gradients. To conclude, we provide actionable principles for resilient watersheds and articulate research needs to further watershed resilience science and vulnerable-water management.
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Hydrological, Environmental and Taxonomical Heterogeneity during the Transition from Drying to Flowing Conditions in a Mediterranean Intermittent River. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040316. [PMID: 33918970 PMCID: PMC8068964 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent decades, the riverine ecosystems have been considered to evaluate the aquatic biological diversity, hydrological variations, and ecosystem services. However, climatic change scenarios and anthropogenic interventions are expected to shift from perennial to intermittent rivers with possible repercussion on aquatic biodiversity and human well-being. Our study identified a significant reduction in the Mediterranean intermittent river streamflow with an increase of zero flow days in the last decades. Furthermore, the aquatic invertebrates showed variations during the transition from drying to rewetting with a significantly changing species adapted to the flowing conditions (rheophilic taxa) to non-flowing water. The importance of the disconnected pools as refuges during the dry condition was recognised to protect some endemic species and contribute to the recolonisation after the rewetting events. Include these important aquatic ecosystems in management and conservancy policies is a challenge that will contribute to preserving the freshwater resources and the biological diversity for our future generations. Abstract Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) are increasingly studied because of their often-unique aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity, biogeochemical processes and associated ecosystem services. This study is the first to examine the hydrological, physicochemical and taxonomic variability during the dry-wet transition of an intermittent river in the Chilean Mediterranean Zone. Based on 30-years of river monitoring data and the TREHS tool, the hydrology of the river was characterised. Overall, the river shows a significant reduction in streamflow (−0.031 m3/s per year) and a substantial increase of zero flow days (+3.5 days per year). During the transition of hydrological states, variations were observed in the environmental conditions and invertebrate communities. During the drying phase, abundance, richness, and diversity were highest, while species turn-over was highest during base flow conditions. The disconnected pools and the flow resumption phases were characterised by high proportions of lentic taxa and non-insects, such as the endemic species of bivalves, gastropods, and crustaceans, highlighting the relevance of disconnected pools as refuges. Future climatic change scenarios are expected to impact further the hydrology of IRES, which could result in the loss of biodiversity. Biomonitoring and conservation programmes should acknowledge these important ecosystems.
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Zimmer MA, Kaiser KE, Blaszczak JR, Zipper SC, Hammond JC, Fritz KM, Costigan KH, Hosen J, Godsey SE, Allen GH, Kampf S, Burrows RM, Krabbenhoft CA, Dodds W, Hale R, Olden JD, Shanafield M, DelVecchia AG, Ward AS, Mims MC, Datry T, Bogan MT, Boersma KS, Busch MH, Jones CN, Burgin AJ, Allen DC. Zero or not? Causes and consequences of zero-flow stream gage readings. WIRES. WATER 2020; 7:10.1002/wat2.1436. [PMID: 32802326 PMCID: PMC7425737 DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Streamflow observations can be used to understand, predict, and contextualize hydrologic, ecological, and biogeochemical processes and conditions in streams. Stream gages are point measurements along rivers where streamflow is measured, and are often used to infer upstream watershed-scale processes. When stream gages read zero, this may indicate that the stream has fully dried; however, zero-flow readings can also be caused by a wide range of other factors. Our ability to identify whether or not a zero-flow gage reading indicates a dry fluvial system has far reaching environmental implications. Incorrect identification and interpretation by the data user can lead to hydrologic, ecological, and/or biogeochemical predictions from models and analyses. Here, we describe several causes of zero-flow gage readings: frozen surface water, flow reversals, instrument error, and natural or human-driven upstream source losses or bypass flow. For these examples, we discuss the implications of zero-flow interpretations. We also highlight additional methodss for determining flow presence, including direct observations, statistical methods, and hydrologic models, which can be applied to interpret causes of zero-flow gage readings and implications for reach- and watershed-scale dynamics. Such efforts are necessary to improve our ability to understand and predict surface flow activation, cessation, and connectivity across river networks. Developing this integrated understanding of the wide range of possible meanings of zero-flows will only attain greater importance in a more variable and changing hydrologic climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Zimmer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Kendra E Kaiser
- Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho
| | - Joanna R Blaszczak
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Samuel C Zipper
- Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - John C Hammond
- U.S. Geological Survey, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ken M Fritz
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Katie H Costigan
- School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana
| | - Jacob Hosen
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sarah E Godsey
- Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
| | - George H Allen
- Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Stephanie Kampf
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Ryan M Burrows
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Corey A Krabbenhoft
- College of Arts and Sciences and Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Walter Dodds
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Rebecca Hale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
| | - Julian D Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Margaret Shanafield
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Adam S Ward
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Meryl C Mims
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Thibault Datry
- INRAE, UR Riverly, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
| | - Michael T Bogan
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kate S Boersma
- Department of Biology, University of San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - C Nathan Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Amy J Burgin
- University of Kansas and Kansas Biological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Daniel C Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
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9
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Shumilova O, Zak D, Datry T, von Schiller D, Corti R, Foulquier A, Obrador B, Tockner K, Allan DC, Altermatt F, Arce MI, Arnon S, Banas D, Banegas‐Medina A, Beller E, Blanchette ML, Blanco‐Libreros JF, Blessing J, Boëchat IG, Boersma K, Bogan MT, Bonada N, Bond NR, Brintrup K, Bruder A, Burrows R, Cancellario T, Carlson SM, Cauvy‐Fraunié S, Cid N, Danger M, de Freitas Terra B, Girolamo AMD, del Campo R, Dyer F, Elosegi A, Faye E, Febria C, Figueroa R, Four B, Gessner MO, Gnohossou P, Cerezo RG, Gomez‐Gener L, Graça MA, Guareschi S, Gücker B, Hwan JL, Kubheka S, Langhans SD, Leigh C, Little CJ, Lorenz S, Marshall J, McIntosh A, Mendoza‐Lera C, Meyer EI, Miliša M, Mlambo MC, Moleón M, Negus P, Niyogi D, Papatheodoulou A, Pardo I, Paril P, Pešić V, Rodriguez‐Lozano P, Rolls RJ, Sanchez‐Montoya MM, Savić A, Steward A, Stubbington R, Taleb A, Vorste RV, Waltham N, Zoppini A, Zarfl C. Simulating rewetting events in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams: A global analysis of leached nutrients and organic matter. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1591-1611. [PMID: 30628191 PMCID: PMC6850495 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and human pressures are changing the global distribution and the extent of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES), which comprise half of the global river network area. IRES are characterized by periods of flow cessation, during which channel substrates accumulate and undergo physico-chemical changes (preconditioning), and periods of flow resumption, when these substrates are rewetted and release pulses of dissolved nutrients and organic matter (OM). However, there are no estimates of the amounts and quality of leached substances, nor is there information on the underlying environmental constraints operating at the global scale. We experimentally simulated, under standard laboratory conditions, rewetting of leaves, riverbed sediments, and epilithic biofilms collected during the dry phase across 205 IRES from five major climate zones. We determined the amounts and qualitative characteristics of the leached nutrients and OM, and estimated their areal fluxes from riverbeds. In addition, we evaluated the variance in leachate characteristics in relation to selected environmental variables and substrate characteristics. We found that sediments, due to their large quantities within riverbeds, contribute most to the overall flux of dissolved substances during rewetting events (56%-98%), and that flux rates distinctly differ among climate zones. Dissolved organic carbon, phenolics, and nitrate contributed most to the areal fluxes. The largest amounts of leached substances were found in the continental climate zone, coinciding with the lowest potential bioavailability of the leached OM. The opposite pattern was found in the arid zone. Environmental variables expected to be modified under climate change (i.e. potential evapotranspiration, aridity, dry period duration, land use) were correlated with the amount of leached substances, with the strongest relationship found for sediments. These results show that the role of IRES should be accounted for in global biogeochemical cycles, especially because prevalence of IRES will increase due to increasing severity of drying events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Shumilova
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)BerlinGermany
- Institute of BiologyFreie Universität Berlin (FU)BerlinGermany
- Department of CivilEnvironmental and Mechanical EngineeringTrento UniversityTrentoItaly
| | - Dominik Zak
- Institute of BiologyFreie Universität Berlin (FU)BerlinGermany
- Institute of Landscape Ecology and Site EvaluationUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
- Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversitySilkeborgDenmark
| | - Thibault Datry
- IRSTEAUR RIVERLYCentre de Lyon‐VilleurbanneVilleurbanne CedexFrance
| | - Daniel von Schiller
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)BilbaoSpain
| | - Roland Corti
- IRSTEAUR RIVERLYCentre de Lyon‐VilleurbanneVilleurbanne CedexFrance
| | - Arnaud Foulquier
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA)UMR CNRS‐UGA‐USMB 5553Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Biel Obrador
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental SciencesFaculty of BiologyBiodiversity Research Institute (IRBIO)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Klement Tockner
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)BerlinGermany
- Institute of BiologyFreie Universität Berlin (FU)BerlinGermany
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF)ViennaAustria
| | | | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - María Isabel Arce
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)BerlinGermany
- Centre of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura (CEBAS‐CSIC)MurciaSpain
| | - Shai Arnon
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water ResearchThe Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeershebaIsrael
| | - Damien Banas
- Université de Lorraine ‐ UR AFPAVandoeuvre‐Les‐NancyFrance
| | - Andy Banegas‐Medina
- Faculty of Environmental Science and EULA‐Chile CenterUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Erin Beller
- Department of GeographyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Melanie L. Blanchette
- Mine Water and Environment Research Centre (MiWER)School of ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
| | | | - Joanna Blessing
- Department of Environment and ScienceQueensland GovernmentBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | | | - Kate Boersma
- Department of BiologyUniversity of San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Michael T. Bogan
- School of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Núria Bonada
- Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM)Departament de Biologia EvolutivaEcologia i Ciències AmbientalsInstitut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nick R. Bond
- Centre for Freshwater EcosystemsLa Trobe UniversityWodongaVic.Australia
| | - Kate Brintrup
- Faculty of Environmental Science and EULA‐Chile CenterUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Andreas Bruder
- Laboratory of Applied MicrobiologyUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern SwitzerlandBellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Ryan Burrows
- Australian Rivers InstituteGriffith UniversityNathanQldAustralia
| | - Tommaso Cancellario
- Department of Environmental BiologyBiodiversity Data Analytics and Environmental Quality GroupUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Stephanie M. Carlson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | | | - Núria Cid
- Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM)Departament de Biologia EvolutivaEcologia i Ciències AmbientalsInstitut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | | | - Anna Maria De Girolamo
- Water Research Institute – National Research Council (IRSA‐CNR)Montelibretti (Rome)Italy
| | - Ruben del Campo
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)BerlinGermany
- Department of Ecology and HydrologyRegional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’ – University of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Fiona Dyer
- Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraBruceCanberra ACTAustralia
| | - Arturo Elosegi
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)BilbaoSpain
| | - Emile Faye
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le DéveloppementCIRADUPR HortSysMontpellierFrance
| | - Catherine Febria
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of WindsorWindsorCanada
| | - Ricardo Figueroa
- Faculty of Environmental Science and EULA‐Chile CenterUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Brian Four
- INRAUAR 1275 DEPT EFPACentre de recherche de NancyChampenouxFrance
| | - Mark O. Gessner
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)BerlinGermany
- Department of EcologyBerlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin)BerlinGermany
| | - Pierre Gnohossou
- Faculté d'AgronomieDépartement d'Aménagement et de Gestion des Ressources NaturellesUniversité de ParakouParakouBenin
| | - Rosa Gómez Cerezo
- Department of Ecology and HydrologyRegional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’ – University of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Lluís Gomez‐Gener
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Manuel A.S. Graça
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Simone Guareschi
- Department of Ecology and HydrologyRegional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’ – University of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Björn Gücker
- Department of GeosciencesFederal University of São João del‐ReiSão João del‐ReiBrazil
| | - Jason L. Hwan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | | | - Simone Daniela Langhans
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- BC3‐Basque Centre for Climate ChangeLeioaSpain
| | - Catherine Leigh
- Australian Rivers InstituteGriffith UniversityNathanQldAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical & Statistical Frontiers (ACEMS) and Institute for Future EnvironmentsSchool of Mathematical SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Chelsea J. Little
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, EawagThe Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Lorenz
- Institute for Ecological ChemistryPlant Analysis and Stored Product ProtectionJulius‐Kuehn‐InstituteBerlinGermany
| | - Jonathan Marshall
- Department of Environment and ScienceQueensland GovernmentBrisbaneQldAustralia
- Australian Rivers InstituteGriffith UniversityNathanQldAustralia
| | - Angus McIntosh
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Clara Mendoza‐Lera
- IRSTEAUR RIVERLYCentre de Lyon‐VilleurbanneVilleurbanne CedexFrance
- Department of Freshwater ConservationBTU Cottbus‐SenftenbergBad SaarowGermany
| | | | - Marko Miliša
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Musa C. Mlambo
- Department of Freshwater InvertebratesAlbany MuseumAffiliated Research Institute of Rhodes UniversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
| | - Marcos Moleón
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Peter Negus
- Department of Environment and ScienceQueensland GovernmentBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Dev Niyogi
- Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMissouri
| | | | - Isabel Pardo
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología AnimalUniversidad de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Petr Paril
- Department of Botany and ZoologyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Vladimir Pešić
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MontenegroPodgoricaMontenegro
| | - Pablo Rodriguez‐Lozano
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Robert J. Rolls
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia
| | - Maria Mar Sanchez‐Montoya
- Department of Ecology and HydrologyRegional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’ – University of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Ana Savić
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of Sciences and MathematicsUniversity of NišNišSerbia
| | - Alisha Steward
- Department of Environment and ScienceQueensland GovernmentBrisbaneQldAustralia
- Australian Rivers InstituteGriffith UniversityNathanQldAustralia
| | | | - Amina Taleb
- Laboratoire d’Écologie et Gestion des Ecosystèmes Naturels (LECGEN)University of TlemcenTlemcenAlgeria
| | - Ross Vander Vorste
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Nathan Waltham
- TropWATER (Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research)College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQldAustralia
| | - Annamaria Zoppini
- Water Research Institute – National Research Council (IRSA‐CNR)Montelibretti (Rome)Italy
| | - Christiane Zarfl
- Center for Applied GeosciencesEberhard Karls Universität TübingenTübingenGermany
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10
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Milačič R, Zuliani T, Vidmar J, Bergant M, Kalogianni E, Smeti E, Skoulikidis N, Ščančar J. Potentially toxic elements in water, sediments and fish of the Evrotas River under variable water discharges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1087-1096. [PMID: 30340255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Among different stressors like drought, hydro-morphological alterations, and pollution from agricultural activities, nutrients, organic compounds and discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), potentially toxic elements (PTE) may also contribute to the overall pollution of the Evrotas River, Greece. Nevertheless, information on pollution of elements in water and sediments in this river is scarcely documented. There is also no information available on the impact of elemental pollution from the aquatic environmental compartments on biota. To fill these gaps, in this study, water, sediment and fish samples were collected from four sampling sites along the Evrotas River under variable flow regimes (July 2015, higher discharge; June 2016, low discharge and September 2016, minimum discharge). Total and dissolved element concentrations in water samples, total and acetic acid extractable contents in sediments, and element concentrations in fish samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and significant relationships between samples were established using correlation analysis. The concentrations of PTE (Ni, Cr, Cd, As, Pb, Zn and Cu) in water were generally low, while elevated Ni and Cr contents were found in sediments (up to 150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively), with total Cr concentration in water and sediment being positively correlated. The ecological risk posed by the simultaneous presence of PTE in sediments evaluated by calculating the Probable Effect Concentration Coefficient (PEC-Q), demonstrated that PEC-Qs, which were above the critical value of 0.34, derived mostly from Cr and Ni inputs. Since their mobile sediment fraction was extremely low, Cr and Ni origin is most probably geogenic. The analysis of elements in the target fish species, the Evrotas chub, showed low to moderate PTE concentrations, with Pb being positively correlated with total Pb concentration in water. Moderate Zn concentrations found in fish samples from the Evrotas are possibly derived from pesticides and fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Vidmar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matic Bergant
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eleni Kalogianni
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 712, P.C. 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Smeti
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 712, P.C. 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Skoulikidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 712, P.C. 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Rügner H, Schwientek M, Milačič R, Zuliani T, Vidmar J, Paunović M, Laschou S, Kalogianni E, Skoulikidis NT, Diamantini E, Majone B, Bellin A, Chiogna G, Martinez E, López de Alda M, Díaz-Cruz MS, Grathwohl P. Particle bound pollutants in rivers: Results from suspended sediment sampling in Globaqua River Basins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:645-652. [PMID: 30092520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transport of hydrophobic pollutants in rivers such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals is often facilitated by suspended sediment particles, which are typically mobilized during high discharge events. Suspended sediments thus represent a means of transport for particle related pollutants within river reaches and may represent a suitable proxy for average pollutant concentrations estimation in a river reach or catchment. In this study, multiple high discharge/turbidity events were sampled at high temporal resolution in the Globaqua River Basins Sava (Slovenia, Serbia), Adige (Italy), and Evrotas (Greece) and analysed for persistent organic pollutants such as PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) or PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and heavy metals. For comparison, river bed sediment samples were analysed as well. Further, results are compared to previous studies in contrasting catchments in Germany, Iran, Spain, and beyond. Overall results show that loadings of suspended sediments with pollutants are catchment-specific and relatively stable over time at a given location. For PAHs, loadings on suspended particles mainly correlate to urban pressures (potentially diluted by sediment mass fluxes) in the rivers, whereas metal concentrations mainly display a geogenic origin. By cross-comparison with known urban pressure/sediment yield relationships (e.g. for PAHs) or soil background values (for metals) anthropogenic impact - e.g. caused by industrial activities - may be identified. Sampling of suspended sediments gives much more reliable results compared to sediment grab samples which typically show a more heterogeneous contaminant distribution. Based on mean annual suspended sediment concentrations and distribution coefficients of pollutants the fraction of particle facilitated transport versus dissolved fluxes can be calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Rügner
- Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | - Momi Paunović
- IBISS, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sofia Laschou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece
| | | | | | - Elena Diamantini
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Bruno Majone
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Bellin
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Gabriele Chiogna
- Technical University of Munich, Germany & University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elena Martinez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Silvia Díaz-Cruz
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Kalogianni E, Vourka A, Karaouzas I, Vardakas L, Laschou S, Skoulikidis NT. Combined effects of water stress and pollution on macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages in a Mediterranean intermittent river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 603-604:639-650. [PMID: 28667932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water stress is a key stressor in Mediterranean intermittent rivers exacerbating the negative effects of other stressors, such as pollutants, with multiple effects on different river biota. The current study aimed to determine the response of macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages to instream habitat and water chemistry, at the microhabitat scale and at different levels of water stress and pollution, in an intermittent Mediterranean river. Sampling was conducted at high and low summer discharge, at two consecutive years, and included four reaches that were targeted for their different levels of water stress and pollution. Overall, the macroinvertebrate fauna of Evrotas River indicated high resilience to intermittency, however, variation in community structure and composition occurred under acute water stress, due to habitat alteration and change in water physico-chemistry, i.e. water temperature increase. The combined effects of pollution and high water stress had, however, pronounced effects on species richness, abundance and community structure in the pollution impacted reach, where pollution sensitive taxa were almost extirpated. Fish response to drought, in reaches free of pollution, consisted of an increase in the abundance of the two small limnophilic species, coupled with their shift to faster flowing riffle habitats, and a reduction in the abundance of the larger, rheophilic species. In the pollution impacted reach, however, the combination of pollution and high water stress led to hypoxic conditions assumed to be the leading cause of the almost complete elimination of the fish assemblage. In contrast, the perennial Evrotas reaches with relatively stable physicochemical conditions, though affected hydrologically by drought, appear to function as refugia for fish during high water stress. When comparing the response of the two biotic groups to combined acute water stress and pollution, it is evident that macroinvertebrates were negatively impacted, but fish were virtually eliminated under the two combined stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kalogianni
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos 19013, Greece.
| | - Aikaterini Vourka
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos 19013, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karaouzas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos 19013, Greece
| | - Leonidas Vardakas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos 19013, Greece
| | - Sofia Laschou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos 19013, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Th Skoulikidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos 19013, Greece
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13
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Zhang C, Wang X, Dong Z, Hua T. Aeolian process of the dried-up riverbeds of the Hexi Corridor, China: a wind tunnel experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:419. [PMID: 28752241 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wind tunnel studies, which remain limited, are an important tool to understand the aeolian processes of dried-up riverbeds. The particle size, chemical composition, and the mineral contents of sediments arising from the dried river beds are poorly understood. Dried-up riverbeds cover a wide area in the Hexi Corridor, China, and comprise a complex synthesis of different land surfaces, including aeolian deposits, pavement surfaces, and Takyr crust. The results of the present wind tunnel experiment suggest that aeolian transport from the dried-up riverbeds of the Hexi Corridor ranges from 0 to 177.04 g/m2/min and that dry riverbeds could be one of the main sources of dust emissions in this region. As soon as the wind velocity reaches 16 m/s and assuming that there are abundant source materials available, aeolian transport intensity increases rapidly. The dried-up riverbed sediment and the associated aeolian transported material were composed mainly of fine and medium sands. However, the transported samples were coarser than the bed samples, because of the sorting effect of the aeolian processes on the sediment. The aeolian processes also led to regional elemental migration and mineral composition variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold & Arid Regions Environmental & Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China.
| | - Xunming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold & Arid Regions Environmental & Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhibao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold & Arid Regions Environmental & Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Ting Hua
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold & Arid Regions Environmental & Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China
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14
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Skoulikidis NT, Sabater S, Datry T, Morais MM, Buffagni A, Dörflinger G, Zogaris S, Del Mar Sánchez-Montoya M, Bonada N, Kalogianni E, Rosado J, Vardakas L, De Girolamo AM, Tockner K. Non-perennial Mediterranean rivers in Europe: Status, pressures, and challenges for research and management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 577:1-18. [PMID: 27810301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-perennial rivers and streams (NPRS) cover >50% of the global river network. They are particularly predominant in Mediterranean Europe as a result of dry climate conditions, climate change and land use development. Historically, both scientists and policy makers underestimated the importance of NRPS for nature and humans alike, mainly because they have been considered as systems of low ecological and economic value. During the past decades, diminishing water resources have increased the spatial and temporal extent of artificial NPRS as well as their exposure to multiple stressors, which threatening their ecological integrity, biodiversity and ecosystem services. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structural and functional characteristics of NPRS in the European Mediterranean, and discuss gaps and problems in their management, concerning their typology, ecological assessment, legislative and policy protection, and incorporation in River Basin Management Plans. Because NPRS comprise highly unstable ecosystems, with strong and often unpredictable temporal and spatial variability - at least as far as it is possible to assess - we outline the future research needs required to better understand, manage and conserve them as highly valuable and sensitive ecosystems. Efficient collaborative activities among multidisciplinary research groups aiming to create innovative knowledge, water managers and policy makers are urgently needed in order to establish an appropriate methodological and legislative background. The incorporation of NPRS in EU-Med River Basin Management Plans in combination with the application of ecological flows is a first step towards enhancing NPRS management and conservation in order to effectively safeguard these highly valuable albeit threatened ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos T Skoulikidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Thibault Datry
- IRSTEA, UR-MALY, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua CS70077, FR-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Manuela M Morais
- Dept. Biology, Institute of Earth Sciences (ICT), University of Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Andrea Buffagni
- IRSA-CNR, Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerald Dörflinger
- Water Development Department, 100-110 Kennenty Avenue, Pallouriotissa, 1047 Lefkosia, Cyprus
| | - Stamatis Zogaris
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece
| | | | - Nuria Bonada
- Group de Recerca Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM), Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eleni Kalogianni
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece
| | - Joana Rosado
- Institute of Earth Sciences (ICT), University of Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Leonidas Vardakas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece.
| | | | - Klement Tockner
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
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