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Markert N, Guhl B, Feld CK. Water quality deterioration remains a major stressor for macroinvertebrate, diatom and fish communities in German rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167994. [PMID: 37875194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
About 60 % of Europe's rivers fail to meet ecological quality standards derived from biological criteria. The causes are manifold, but recent reports suggest a dominant role of hydro-morphological and water quality-related stressors. Yet, in particular micropollutants and hydrological stressors often tend to be underrepresented in multiple-stressor studies. Using monitoring data from four Federal States in Germany, this study investigated the effects of 19 stressor variables from six stressor groups (nutrients, salt ions, dissolved oxygen/water temperature, mixture toxicity of 51 micropollutants, hydrological alteration and morphological habitat quality) on three biological assemblages (fishes, macroinvertebrates, benthic diatoms). Biological effects were analyzed for 35 community metrics and quantified using Random Forest (RF) analyses to put the stressor groups into a hierarchical context. To compare metric responses, metrics were grouped into categories reflecting important characteristics of biological communities, such as sensitivity, functional traits, diversity and community composition as well as composite indices that integrate several metrics into one single index (e.g., ecological quality class). Water quality-related stressors - but not micropollutants - turned out to dominate the responses of all assemblages. In contrast, the effects of hydro-morphological stressors were less pronounced and stronger for hydrological stressors than for morphological stressors. Explained variances of RF models ranged 23-64 % for macroinvertebrates, 16-40 % for benthic diatoms and 18-48 % for fishes. Despite a high variability of responses across assemblages and stressor groups, sensitivity metrics tended to reveal stronger responses to individual stressors and a higher explained variance in RF models than composite indices. The results of this study suggest that (physico-chemical) water quality deterioration continues to impact biological assemblages in many German rivers, despite the extensive progress in wastewater treatment during the past decades. To detect water quality deterioration, monitoring schemes need to target relevant physico-chemical stressors and micropollutants. Furthermore, monitoring needs to integrate measures of hydrological alteration (e.g., flow magnitude and dynamics). At present, hydro-morphological surveys rarely address the degree of hydrological alteration. In order to achieve a good ecological status, river restoration and management needs to address both water quality-related and hydro-morphological stressors. Restricting analyses to just one single organism group (e.g., macroinvertebrates) or only selected metrics (e.g., ecological quality class) may hamper stressor identification and its hierarchical classification and, thus may mislead river management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Markert
- North Rhine-Westphalian Office of Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection (LANUV NRW), 40208 Düsseldorf, Germany; University Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Barbara Guhl
- North Rhine-Westphalian Office of Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection (LANUV NRW), 40208 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian K Feld
- University Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; University Duisburg-Essen, Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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2
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Tison-Rosebery J, Boutry S, Bertrin V, Leboucher T, Morin S. A new diatom-based multimetric index to assess lake ecological status. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1202. [PMID: 37702871 PMCID: PMC10499699 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication impairs lake ecosystems at a global scale. In this context, as benthic microalgae are well-established warnings for a large range of stressors, particularly nutrient enrichment, the Water Framework Directive required the development of diatom-based methods to monitor lake eutrophication. Here, we present the diatom-based index we developed for French lakes, named IBDL (Indice Biologique Diatomées en Lacs). Data were collected in 93 lakes from 2015 to 2020. A challenge arose from the discontinuous pressure gradient of our dataset, especially the low number of nutrient-impacted lakes. To analyze the data we opted for the so-called "Threshold Indicator Taxa ANalysis" method, which makes it possible to determine a list of "alert taxa." We obtained a multimetric index based on specific pressure gradients (Kjeldahl nitrogen, suspended matter, biological oxygen demand, and total phosphorous). Considering the European intercalibration process, the very good correlation between IBDL and the common metric (R2 from 0.52 to 0.87 according to the lake alkalinity type) makes us very confident in our ability to match future IBDL quality thresholds with European standards. The IBDL proved at last to be particularly relevant as it has a twofold interest: an excellent relationship with total phosphorus (R2 from 0.63 to 0.83 according to the lake alkalinity type) and a possible application to any lake metatype. Its complementarity with macrophyte-based indices moreover justifies the use of at least two primary producer components for lake ecological status classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tison-Rosebery
- INRAE, UR EABX, 33612, Cestas, France.
- Pôle R&D ECLA, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France.
| | - S Boutry
- INRAE, UR EABX, 33612, Cestas, France
- Pôle R&D ECLA, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - V Bertrin
- INRAE, UR EABX, 33612, Cestas, France
- Pôle R&D ECLA, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - T Leboucher
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, 57000, Metz, France
| | - S Morin
- INRAE, UR EABX, 33612, Cestas, France
- Pôle R&D ECLA, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
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3
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Morin S, Artigas J. Twenty Years of Research in Ecosystem Functions in Aquatic Microbial Ecotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1867-1888. [PMID: 37401851 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the major threats to freshwater biodiversity is water pollution including excessive loads of nutrients, pesticides, industrial chemicals, and/or emerging contaminants. The widespread use of organic pesticides for agricultural and nonagricultural (industry, gardening, etc.) purposes has resulted in the presence of their residues in various environments, including surface waters. However, the contribution of pesticides to the deterioration of freshwater ecosystems (i.e., biodiversity decline and ecosystem functions impairment) remains uncertain. Once in the aquatic environment, pesticides and their metabolites can interact with microbial communities, causing undesirable effects. The existing legislation on ecological quality assessment of water bodies in Europe is based on water chemical quality and biological indicator species (Water Framework Directive, Pesticides Directive), while biological functions are not yet included in monitoring programs. In the present literature review, we analyze 20 years (2000-2020) of research on ecological functions provided by microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems. We describe the set of ecosystem functions investigated in these studies and the range of endpoints used to establish causal relationships between pesticide exposure and microbial responses. We focus on studies addressing the effects of pesticides at environmentally realistic concentrations and at the microbial community level to inform the ecological relevance of the ecotoxicological assessment. Our literature review highlights that most studies were performed using benthic freshwater organisms and that autotrophic and heterotrophic communities are most often studied separately, usually testing the pesticides that target the main microbial component (i.e., herbicides for autotrophs and fungicides for heterotrophs). Overall, most studies demonstrate deleterious impacts on the functions studied, but our review points to the following shortcomings: (1) the nonsystematic analysis of microbial functions supporting aquatic ecosystems functioning, (2) the study of ecosystem functions (i.e., nutrient cycling) via proxies (i.e., potential extracellular enzymatic activity measurements) which are sometimes disconnected from the current ecosystem functions, and (3) the lack of consideration of chronic exposures to assess the impact of, adaptations to, or recovery of aquatic microbial communities from pesticides. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1867-1888. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Artigas
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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4
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Sotomayor G, Romero J, Ballari D, Vázquez RF, Ramírez-Morales I, Hampel H, Galarza X, Montesinos B, Forio MAE, Goethals PLM. Occurrence Prediction of Riffle Beetles (Coleoptera: Elmidae) in a Tropical Andean Basin of Ecuador Using Species Distribution Models. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030473. [PMID: 36979164 PMCID: PMC10045380 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Genera and species of Elmidae (riffle beetles) are sensitive to water pollution; however, in tropical freshwater ecosystems, their requirements regarding environmental factors need to be investigated. Species distribution models (SDMs) were established for five elmid genera in the Paute river basin (southern Ecuador) using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm considering environmental variables, i.e., meteorology, land use, hydrology, and topography. Each RF-based model was trained and optimised using cross-validation. Environmental variables that explained most of the Elmidae spatial variability were land use (i.e., riparian vegetation alteration and presence/absence of canopy), precipitation, and topography, mainly elevation and slope. The highest probability of occurrence for elmids genera was predicted in streams located within well-preserved zones. Moreover, specific ecological niches were spatially predicted for each genus. Macrelmis was predicted in the lower and forested areas, with high precipitation levels, towards the Amazon basin. Austrelmis was predicted to be in the upper parts of the basin, i.e., páramo ecosystems, with an excellent level of conservation of their riparian ecosystems. Austrolimnius and Heterelmis were also predicted in the upper parts of the basin but in more widespread elevation ranges, in the Heterelmis case, and even in some areas with a medium level of anthropisation. Neoelmis was predicted to be in the mid-region of the study basin in high altitudinal streams with a high degree of meandering. The main findings of this research are likely to contribute significantly to local conservation and restoration efforts being implemented in the study basin and could be extrapolated to similar eco-hydrological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sotomayor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Cuenca, Av. 12 de abril S/N, Cuenca, Azuay 010203, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Romero
- Instituto de Estudios del Régimen Seccional del Ecuador (IERSE), Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca 010204, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Ballari
- Instituto de Estudios del Régimen Seccional del Ecuador (IERSE), Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca 010204, Ecuador
| | - Raúl F Vázquez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Cuenca, Av. 12 de abril S/N, Cuenca, Azuay 010203, Ecuador
- Laboratorio de Ecología Acuática (LEA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Av. 12 de abril S/N, Cuenca 010203, Ecuador
| | | | - Henrietta Hampel
- Laboratorio de Ecología Acuática (LEA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Av. 12 de abril S/N, Cuenca 010203, Ecuador
| | - Xavier Galarza
- Instituto de Estudios del Régimen Seccional del Ecuador (IERSE), Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca 010204, Ecuador
| | - Bolívar Montesinos
- Ministerio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica, Dirección Zonal 6, Cuenca 010104, Ecuador
| | - Marie Anne Eurie Forio
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter L M Goethals
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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A Framework on Analyzing Long-Term Drought Changes and Its Influential Factors Based on the PDSI. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13071151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most frequent and most widespread natural disasters worldwide, significantly impacting agricultural production and the ecological environment. An investigation of long-term drought changes and its influencing factors provides not only an understanding of historical droughts but also a scientific basis for the protection of future water resources. This study investigated the temporal characteristics of drought in a study site located in the center of Southwest China (SWC) over a 700-year period (AD 1300–2005) using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). The linkage between drought and its influencing factors is discussed. An algorithm based on the random forest (RF) method was proposed to analyze the dynamic influence of the factors on drought. We also examined the linkages between the demise of two dynasties and historical drought events. The results showed that the study site was a drought-prone area in the study period and experienced a non-significant drying trend in all centuries, except for the 17th century; a total of 232 droughts were detected in the study site from AD 1300–2005. The wavelet spectrum of the PDSI series showed the existence of 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 128-year-periods. A strong correlation existed between the sunspot numbers and the PDSI. The correlation of the period between the PDSI and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) series in the same frequency domain was weak, while the ENSO exhibited a strong interaction with the PDSI in some time periods. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and PDSI had no resonance period in the low-frequency region, but there was a period of 80–130 years in the high-frequency region. The relative rates of influence of the ENSO, sunspot numbers, and PDO during AD 1700–1996 were 38.40%, 31.81%, and 29.8%, respectively. However, the mechanism of the interaction between droughts and the influential factors is complex, and the dominant factor changed over time. The analysis of long-term drought changes based on the PDSI series may provide clues to understand the development of historical events.
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Linking Micropollutants to Trait Syndromes across Freshwater Diatom, Macroinvertebrate, and Fish Assemblages. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ecological quality of freshwater ecosystems is endangered by various micropollutants released into the environment by human activities. The cumulative effects of these micropollutants can affect the fitness of organisms and populations and the functional diversity of stream ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the joint toxicity of micropollutants and trait syndromes. A trait syndrome corresponds to a combination of traits that could occur together in communities due to the trait selection driven by exposure to these micropollutants. Our objectives were to (i) identify trait syndromes specific to diatom, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages and their responses to exposure, taking into account four micropollutant types (mineral micropollutants, pesticides, PAHs, and other organic micropollutants) and nine modes of action (only for pesticides), (ii) explore how these syndromes vary within and among the three biological compartments, (iii) investigate the trait categories driving the responses of syndromes to micropollutant exposure, and (iv) identify specific taxa, so-called paragons, which are highly representative of these syndromes. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed a dataset including the biological and physico-chemical results of 2007 sampling events from a large-scale monitoring survey routinely performed in French wadeable streams. We have identified five (diatoms), eight (macroinvertebrates), and eight (fishes) trait syndromes, either positively or negatively related to an increasing toxicity gradient of different clusters of micropollutant types or modes of action. Our analyses identified several key trait categories and sets of paragons, exhibiting good potential for highlighting exposure by specific micropollutant types and modes of action. Overall, trait syndromes might represent a novel and integrative bioassessment tool, driven by the diversity of trait-based responses to increasing gradients of micropollutant toxic cocktails.
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Jabiol J, Chauvet E, Guérold F, Bouquerel J, Usseglio-Polatera P, Artigas J, Margoum C, Le Dréau M, Moreira A, Mazzella N, Gouy V. The combination of chemical, structural, and functional indicators to evaluate the anthropogenic impacts on agricultural stream ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29296-29313. [PMID: 34647214 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater contamination by pesticides in agricultural landscapes is of increasing concern worldwide, with strong pesticide impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and ultimately human health (drinking water, fishing). In addition, the excessively large number of substances, as well as their low - and temporally variable - concentrations in water, make the chemical monitoring by grab sampling very demanding and not fully representative of the actual contamination. Tools that integrate temporal variations and that are ecologically relevant are clearly needed to improve the monitoring of freshwater contamination and assess its biological effects. Here, we studied pesticide contamination and its biological impacts in 10 stream sections (sites) belonging to 3 agricultural catchments in France. In each site, we deployed a combination of pesticide integrative samplers, biocenotic indicators based on benthic macroinvertebrates, and functional indicators based on leaf litter decomposition and associated fungal communities. The 3 approaches largely proved complementary: structural and functional indicators did not respond equally to different agricultural impacts such as pesticide contamination (as revealed by integrative samplers), nutrients, or oxygen depletion. Combining chemical, structural, and functional indicators thus seems an excellent strategy to provide a comprehensive picture of agricultural impacts on stream ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Jabiol
- HYFE (Hydrobiologie Et Fonctionnement Des Ecosystèmes), Elven, France.
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, Toulouse, France.
- LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Metz, France.
- Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome Et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Eric Chauvet
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, Toulouse, France
| | - François Guérold
- LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Metz, France
| | - Jonathan Bouquerel
- LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Metz, France
| | - Philippe Usseglio-Polatera
- LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Metz, France
| | - Joan Artigas
- Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome Et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Albertson LK, Briggs MA, Maguire Z, Swart S, Cross WF, Twining CW, Wesner JS, Baxter CV, Walters DM. Dietary composition and fatty acid content of giant salmonflies (
Pteronarcys californica
) in two Rocky Mountain rivers. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zachary Maguire
- Department of Ecology Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA
| | - Sophia Swart
- Department of Ecology Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA
| | - Wyatt F. Cross
- Department of Ecology Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA
| | - Cornelia W. Twining
- Limnological Institute University of Konstanz Constance Germany
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior Radolfzell Germany
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Eawag Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Jeff S. Wesner
- Department of Biology University of South Dakota Vermillion South Dakota USA
| | - Colden V. Baxter
- Department of Biological Sciences Stream Ecology Center, Idaho State University Pocatello Idaho USA
| | - David M. Walters
- U.S. Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center Columbia Missouri USA
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Weisner O, Arle J, Liebmann L, Link M, Schäfer RB, Schneeweiss A, Schreiner VC, Vormeier P, Liess M. Three reasons why the Water Framework Directive (WFD) fails to identify pesticide risks. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117848. [PMID: 34781190 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) demands that good status is to be achieved for all European water bodies. While governmental monitoring under the WFD mostly concludes a good status with regard to pesticide pollution, numerous scientific studies have demonstrated widespread negative ecological impacts of pesticide exposure in surface waters. To identify reasons for this discrepancy, we analysed pesticide concentrations measured in a monitoring campaign of 91 agricultural streams in 2018 and 2019 using methodologies that exceed the requirements of the WFD. This included a sampling strategy that takes into account the periodic occurrence of pesticides and a different analyte spectrum designed to reflect current pesticide use. We found that regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) were exceeded for 39 different pesticides at 81% of monitoring sites. In comparison, WFD-compliant monitoring of the same sites would have detected only eleven pesticides as exceeding the WFD-based environmental quality standards (EQS) at 35% of monitoring sites. We suggest three reasons for this underestimation of pesticide risk under the WFD-compliant monitoring: (1) The sampling approach - the timing and site selection are unable to adequately capture the periodic occurrence of pesticides and investigate surface waters particularly susceptible to pesticide risks; (2) the measuring method - a too narrow analyte spectrum (6% of pesticides currently approved in Germany) and insufficient analytical capacities result in risk drivers being overlooked; (3) the assessment method for measured concentrations - the protectivity and availability of regulatory thresholds are not sufficient to ensure a good ecological status. We therefore propose practical and legal refinements to improve the WFD's monitoring and assessment strategy in order to gain a more realistic picture of pesticide surface water pollution. This will enable more rapid identification of risk drivers and suitable risk management measures to ultimately improve the status of European surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Weisner
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, Permoser Str. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany.
| | - Jens Arle
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Roßlau 06844, Germany
| | - Liana Liebmann
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, Permoser Str. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology (E3T), Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Moritz Link
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Philipp Vormeier
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, Permoser Str. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, Permoser Str. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
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10
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Alric B, Dézerald O, Meyer A, Billoir E, Coulaud R, Larras F, Mondy CP, Usseglio-Polatera P. How diatom-, invertebrate- and fish-based diagnostic tools can support the ecological assessment of rivers in a multi-pressure context: Temporal trends over the past two decades in France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143915. [PMID: 33360450 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of aquatic ecosystems, induced by worldwide intensification in the use of both land and aquatic resources, has highlighted the critical need for innovative methods allowing an objective quantification and ranking of anthropogenic pressure effects on aquatic organisms. Such diagnostic tools have a great potential for defining robust management responses to anthropogenic pressures. Our objective was to explore how the outputs of three diagnostic tools (based on benthic diatoms, macroinvertebrates and fishes) could be combined to (i) disentangle the temporal effects of multiple pressures over two decades and (ii) provide policy-relevant information for stream managers and decision makers. The diagnostic tools estimated, using taxonomy- and trait-based metrics, the impairment probabilities of biotic assemblages over time by different pressure categories, describing the alteration of water quality, hydromorphology and land use related to anthropogenic activities, in French streams (number of sites = 312). The main result shows that a large proportion of the time series exhibited no significant temporal patterns over the two decades (61.5% to 87.8%, depending on the used tests). Among time series exhibiting significant change, positive trends in impairment probabilities (i.e., degradation) were less frequent than negative ones, indicating a modest improvement in water quality at national scale over the study period. However, trends can be substantially different according to hydroecoregion and pressure category. The three biological compartments displayed convergent temporal responses according to the pressure category and regional context (e.g., lowland plains vs. mountains, pristine vs. agricultural regions). Altogether, this study proposes a unifying approach to integrate a vast amount of information in a single ecological diagnosis using an unparalleled database on natural and anthropized environments. Strengthening the synthesis of biological information provided by various biological compartments should be a priority before implementing evidence-based sustainable conservation and restoration actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Alric
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Olivier Dézerald
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystems Health, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Albin Meyer
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Elise Billoir
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Romain Coulaud
- Université Le Havre Normandie, UMR-I 02, SEBIO, F-76063 Le Havre, France
| | - Floriane Larras
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cédric P Mondy
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Direction Régionale Ile-de-France, F-94300 Vincennes, France
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11
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Benthic Diatoms in River Biomonitoring—Present and Future Perspectives within the Water Framework Directive. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) has been implemented over the past 20 years, using physicochemical, biological and hydromorphological elements to assess the ecological status of surface waters. Benthic diatoms (i.e., phytobenthos) are one of the most common biological quality elements (BQEs) used in surface water monitoring and are particularly successful in detecting eutrophication, organic pollution and acidification. Herein, we reviewed their implementation in river biomonitoring for the purposes of the WFD, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages over other BQEs, and we discuss recent advances that could be applied in future biomonitoring. Until now, phytobenthos have been intercalibrated by the vast majority (26 out of 28) of EU Member States (MS) in 54% of the total water bodies assessed and was the most commonly used BQE after benthic invertebrates (85% of water bodies), followed by fish (53%), macrophytes (27%) and phytoplankton (4%). To meet the WFD demands, numerous taxonomy-based quality indices have been developed among MS, presenting, however, uncertainties possibly related to species biogeography. Recent development of different types of quality indices (trait-based, DNA sequencing and predictive modeling) could provide more accurate results in biomonitoring, but should be validated and intercalibrated among MS before their wide application in water quality assessments.
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An Assessment of Lake Ecology on the Basis of the Macrobenthos Multi-Metric Index (MMI) in 11 Lakes in the Western Region of Jilin, China. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The western region of Jilin Province is located at the northeastern part of China. A large number of lakes are distributed in this region, where is one of five large lake regions within China, supporting both drinking water and agricultural water. The frequent human activities and scarce rainfall in this region have resulted in weaker lake connectivity and enrichment of the pollutants within the lakes. The lake ecosystems in the region have been degraded to varying degrees, and thus it is necessary to assess its ecological health. Macrobenthos multi-metric index (MMI) is a mature ecological health assessment method that has been widely used in the lake ecosystem assessment all over the world. However, it has not been well developed for assessing the lake water ecosystem in China. In this study, 11 lakes affected by human activities to different degrees were selected as the research objects. They were categorized into three types on the basis of trophic level. Through the comparison and screening of different biological indicators among different lake types, we selected appropriate indicators to construct the MMI. Four core indicators were selected from 58 candidate indicators to construct the MMI: the total number of taxa, Simpson index, percentage of Diptera + Mesogastropod, and percentage of pollution-intolerant species. MMI could distinguish lakes that are seriously and slightly disturbed by humans. The results of regression analysis also showed that the degree of lake eutrophication caused by human activities had a significant correlation with MMI, effectively explaining its changes. MMI can characterize the disturbance and influence of eutrophication on macrobenthos. The results of MMI can also be affected by the land use type and the coverage of aquatic vegetation around the lake, which are important factors affecting the ecological health of the lake. Research on the application of MMI method to assessment of the ecological health of lakes is very rare in Northeast China. This research can provide supplementary information beyond the traditional water environment assessment for the formulation of management strategies.
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Meyer A, Boyer F, Valentini A, Bonin A, Ficetola GF, Beisel JN, Bouquerel J, Wagner P, Gaboriaud C, Leese F, Dejean T, Taberlet P, Usseglio-Polatera P. Morphological vs. DNA metabarcoding approaches for the evaluation of stream ecological status with benthic invertebrates: Testing different combinations of markers and strategies of data filtering. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:3203-3220. [PMID: 33150613 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macroinvertebrate assemblages are the most common bioindicators used for stream biomonitoring, yet the standard approach exhibits several time-consuming steps, including the sorting and identification of organisms based on morphological criteria. In this study, we examined if DNA metabarcoding could be used as an efficient molecular-based alternative to the morphology-based monitoring of streams using macroinvertebrates. We compared results achieved with the standard morphological identification of organisms sampled in 18 sites located on 15 French wadeable streams to results obtained with the DNA metabarcoding identification of sorted bulk material of the same macroinvertebrate samples, using read numbers (expressed as relative frequencies) as a proxy for abundances. In particular, we evaluated how combining and filtering metabarcoding data obtained from three different markers (COI: BF1-BR2, 18S: Euka02 and 16S: Inse01) could improve the efficiency of bioassessment. In total, 140 taxa were identified based on morphological criteria, and 127 were identified based on DNA metabarcoding using the three markers, with an overlap of 99 taxa. The threshold values used for sequence filtering based on the "best identity" criterion and the number of reads had an effect on the assessment efficiency of data obtained with each marker. Compared to single marker results, combining data from different markers allowed us to improve the match between biotic index values obtained with the bulk DNA versus morphology-based approaches. Both approaches assigned the same ecological quality class to a majority (86%) of the site sampling events, highlighting both the efficiency of metabarcoding as a biomonitoring tool but also the need for further research to improve this efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Meyer
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, Metz, France
| | - Frédéric Boyer
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Aurélie Bonin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, France.,SPYGEN, Le Bourget du Lac, France.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, France.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Florian Leese
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Pierre Taberlet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, France.,UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø Museum, Tromsø, Norway
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14
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González-Paz L, Delgado C, Pardo I. Understanding divergences between ecological status classification systems based on diatoms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139418. [PMID: 32460081 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A large number of diatom-based classification systems have been developed worldwide in recent years. These new systems, together with the oldest, emerged on the need to assess the water quality of rivers, but knowledge on possible divergences resulting from their simultaneous application within a territory is limited. This study aimed to compare the ecological status classification provided by conceptually different methodological approaches, of use or potential use within the same region. 402 monitoring samples were collected from Atlantic siliceous streams (NW-Iberian Peninsula) and temporary Mediterranean streams (Balearic Islands, Spain). Two multimetric indices specifically developed for these areas (MDIAT and DIATMIB, respectively) were calculated, as well as the Specific Polluosensitivity Index (IPS). Multimetric indices were more sensitive methods at diagnosing degradation than IPS since they took directly account of abundance (i.e. chlorophyll a in DIATMIB) or indirectly by its proved inverse relationship with Chl a (MDIAT), together with their use of the regional reference diatom community. Alteration gradients were identified in both studied regions based on the distribution of diatoms, with the first axis of distance-based redundancy analyses (dbRDA) being related to nutrient enrichment and organic loads. Threshold Indicator Taxa ANalysis (TITAN) performed on diatoms sampled along environmental (dbRDA axis 1 and phosphate) and biological gradients (as Ecological Quality Ratio scores of classifications), pointed to lower than current Good/Moderate boundaries for phosphate maximum values (e.g. 22.5 and 71.6 μg L-1 for Galicia and the Balearic Islands, respectively) as well as for higher Good/Moderate boundaries for the MDIAT and IPS classifications. A 'transition group' of species was classified as sensitive or as tolerant depending on the regional nutrients range. Findings of the present study highlight the need to perform auto-ecological studies to increase the knowledge on regional diatoms and their optimal survival ranges across regions prior to adopt other non-regional diatom indices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Delgado
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Pardo
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Dézerald O, Mondy CP, Dembski S, Kreutzenberger K, Reyjol Y, Chandesris A, Valette L, Brosse S, Toussaint A, Belliard J, Merg ML, Usseglio-Polatera P. A diagnosis-based approach to assess specific risks of river degradation in a multiple pressure context: Insights from fish communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139467. [PMID: 32470662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the context of increasing pressure on water bodies, many fish-based indices have been developed to evaluate the ecological status of rivers. However, most of these indices suffer from several limitations, which hamper the capacity of water managers to select the most appropriate measures of restoration. Those limitations include: (i) being dependent on reference conditions, (ii) not satisfactorily handling complex and non-linear biological responses to pressure gradients, and (iii) being unable to identify specific risks of stream degradation in a multi-pressure context. To tackle those issues, we developed a diagnosis-based approach using Random Forest models to predict the impairment probabilities of river fish communities by 28 pressure categories (chemical, hydromorphological and biological). In addition, the database includes the abundances of 72 fish species collected from 1527 sites in France, sampled between 2005 and 2015; and fish taxonomic and biological information. Twenty random forest models provided at least good performances when evaluating impairment probabilities of fish communities by those pressures. The best performing models indicated that fish communities were impacted, on average, by 7.34 ± 0.03 abiotic pressure categories (mean ± SE), and that hydromorphological alterations (5.27 ± 0.02) were more often detected than chemical ones (2.06 ± 0.02). These models showed that alterations in longitudinal continuity, and contaminations by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons were respectively the most frequent hydromorphological and chemical pressure categories in French rivers. This approach has also efficiently detected the functional impact of invasive alien species. Identifying and ranking the impacts of multiple anthropogenic pressures that trigger functional shifts in river biological communities is essential for managers to prioritize actions and to implement appropriate restoration programmes. Actually implemented in an R package, this approach has the capacity to detect a variety of impairments, resulting in an efficient assessment of ecological risks across various spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dézerald
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystems Health, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, 35042 Rennes, France; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France.
| | - Cédric P Mondy
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Direction Régionale Ile-de-France, 12 cours Lumière, F-94300 Vincennes, France
| | - Samuel Dembski
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Direction Régionale Ile-de-France, 12 cours Lumière, F-94300 Vincennes, France
| | - Karl Kreutzenberger
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Direction Générale, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Yorick Reyjol
- UMS Patrinat (OFB-CNRS-MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CP41, 36 rue Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France
| | - André Chandesris
- INRAE, UR Riverly, 5 rue de la Doua - CS 20244, 69625 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Valette
- INRAE, UR Riverly, 5 rue de la Doua - CS 20244, 69625 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Brosse
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 UPS-CNRS-IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Aurèle Toussaint
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia
| | - Jérôme Belliard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR HYCAR, 92160 Antony, France
| | - Marie-Line Merg
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR HYCAR, 92160 Antony, France
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16
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Li S, Bhattarai R, Cooke RA, Verma S, Huang X, Markus M, Christianson L. Relative performance of different data mining techniques for nitrate concentration and load estimation in different type of watersheds. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114618. [PMID: 33618470 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing availability of water quality datasets has led to a greater focus on hydrologic and water quality analysis, thus requiring more efficient and accurate modelling methods. Data mining techniques have been increasingly used for water quality analysis and prediction of the concentration and load of nitrogen pollutants instead of more traditional simulation methods. In this study, we tested the multilayer perceptron (MLP), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), random forest, and reduced error pruning tree (REPTree) methods, along with the traditional linear regression, to predict nitrate levels based on long-term data from six watersheds with different land-use practices in the midwestern United States. Both the concentration and load results indicated that REPTree had the best performance, with an R2 of 0.61-0.85 and a relative absolute error of <75.8%. The different watershed types, however, influenced the performance of the data mining methods, where all four methods showed a higher accuracy for urban dominant watershed and lower accuracy for agricultural and forest watersheds. Out of these four methods, classification tree methods (REPTree and RF) performed better than cluster methods (MLP and k-NN) for agricultural and forested watersheds. Our results indicated that both the data structure based on the dominant land use and type of algorithmic method should be carefully considered for selecting a data mining method to predict nitrate concentration and load for a watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Rabin Bhattarai
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1304 W Pennsylvania Ave #338, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Richard A Cooke
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1304 W Pennsylvania Ave #338, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Siddhartha Verma
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1304 W Pennsylvania Ave #338, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Momcilo Markus
- Prairie Research Institute, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Laura Christianson
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, AW-101 Turner Hall, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Campos D, Machado AL, Cardoso DN, Silva ARR, Silva PV, Rodrigues ACM, Simão FCP, Loureiro S, Grabicová K, Nováková P, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Effects of the organic UV-filter, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, on benthic invertebrates and ecosystem function in artificial streams. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113981. [PMID: 32041008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the use of organic ultraviolet-filters (UV-filters) has increased worldwide, and these compounds are now considered emerging contaminants of many freshwater ecosystems. The present study aimed to assess the effects of 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor (4-MBC) on a freshwater invertebrate community and on associated ecological functions. For that, artificial streams were used, and a natural invertebrate benthic community was exposed to sediments contaminated with two concentrations of 4-MBC. Effects were evaluated regarding macroinvertebrate abundance and community structure, as well as leaf decomposition and primary production. Results showed that the macroinvertebrate community parameters and leaf decomposition rates were not affected by 4-MBC exposure. On the other hand, primary production was strongly reduced. This study highlights the importance of higher tier ecotoxicity experiments for the assessment of the effects of low concentrations of organic UV-filters on freshwater invertebrate community structure and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Campos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana L Machado
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita R Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia V Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima C P Simão
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 725/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Nováková
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 725/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Potential of A Trait-Based Approach in the Characterization of An N-Contaminated Alluvial Aquifer. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater communities residing in contaminated aquifers have been investigated mainly through taxonomy-based approaches (i.e., analyzing taxonomic richness and abundances) while ecological traits have been rarely considered. The aim of this study was to assess whether a trait analysis adds value to the traditional taxonomy-based biomonitoring in N-contaminated aquifers. To this end, we monitored 40 bores in the Vomano alluvial aquifer (VO_GWB, Italy) for two years. The aquifer is a nitrate vulnerable zone according to the Water Framework Directive. The traditional taxonomy-based approach revealed an unexpectedly high biodiversity (38 taxa and 5725 individuals), dominated by crustaceans, comparable to that of other unpolluted alluvial aquifers worldwide. This result is in contrast with previous studies and calls into question the sensitivity of stygobiotic species to N-compounds. The trait analysis provided an added value to the study, unveiling signs of impairments of the groundwater community such as low juveniles-to-adults and males-to-females ratios and a crossover of biomasses and abundances curves suggestive of an intermediate alteration of the copepod assemblages.
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Sakizadeh M. Spatial analysis of total dissolved solids in Dezful Aquifer: Comparison between universal and fixed rank kriging. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2019; 221:26-34. [PMID: 30638640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The spatial structure and auto-correlation of total dissolved solids (TDS) in an aquifer located in southwestern part of Iran were investigated by both Moran's index and variography. Since the feature of interest was non-stationary so, conventional methods of spatial analysis were not applicable and Universal kriging (UK) as a common method for spatial prediction of features with a spatial trend along with a novel geostatistical method known as fixed rank kriging (FRK) were utilized in this respect. The results of Moran's index were consistent with that of spatial analysis by geostatistical methods indicating the dominance of spatial clusters within the extent of study area. The spatial analysis by FRK was more efficient than that of its UK counterpart however the performance of UK was reasonable enough, as well. A variable selection by random forest (RF) was applied on eleven other water quality parameters that were the main constituents of TDS to identify the main parameters influencing the observed variability of TDS. It was turned out that RF is a viable method for variable selection in the realm of environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Sakizadeh
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Desrosiers M, Usseglio-Polatera P, Archaimbault V, Larras F, Méthot G, Pinel-Alloul B. Assessing anthropogenic pressure in the St. Lawrence River using traits of benthic macroinvertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:233-246. [PMID: 30173032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the anthropogenic pressure in the St. Lawrence River by assessing the relationships between chemical contamination of sediments and benthic community structure with the trait-based approach. Organic and inorganic contaminants as well as other sediment variables (sediment grain size, total organic carbon, nutrients, etc.) and benthic invertebrate assemblages were determined in 59 sites along the river. Biological and ecological traits of taxa were coded, taking into account regional climate and ecosystem conditions. The aims of this study were to (1) describe the relationships between traits and macroinvertebrate taxa and identify homogeneous clusters of taxa with the same combinations of functional traits, (2) describe spatial patterns in traits of macroinvertebrates in the St. Lawrence River, (3) link trait-based metrics and site groups to sediment quality and (4) define a trait-based strategy for diagnosing the ecological quality of the St. Lawrence River. Seven groups of taxa sharing similar trait-category attributes were defined. Moreover, four groups of sites were identified using the 'K-mean' non-hierarchical clustering approach. The 'IndVal' method enabled us to specifically defined trait categories corresponding to site groups on the basis of their indicator value. The relative abundances of taxa from five functional groups significantly varied among site groups. For example, some indicator traits such as multivoltine cycle, long life span, fixed clutches, tegumental respiration, asexual reproduction, and collector/gatherer feeding habit were associated to the most heavily polluted sites located in the Montreal harbour which showed the highest sediment concentrations in Pb, Zn and Cu. Three trait-based pressure-specific models were built, based on the random forest approach, for respectively (1) heavy metals, (2) BPCs and PAHs, and (3) TBTs occurring in the environment. These models could be applied to assess sediment quality using macroinvertebrate assemblages in a large Canadian river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Desrosiers
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, 2700 rue Einstein, Québec GIP 3W8, Canada.
| | | | - Virginie Archaimbault
- IRSTEA, HBAN, Direction Régionale d'Antony, 1 Rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS10030, F-92761 Antony Cedex, France.
| | - Floriane Larras
- Université du Lorraine, LIEC, CNRS UMR 7360, Avenue du Général Delestraint, F-57070 Metz, France.
| | - Ginette Méthot
- GRIL, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada
| | - Bernadette Pinel-Alloul
- GRIL, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada.
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Wu N, Qu Y, Guse B, Makarevičiūtė K, To S, Riis T, Fohrer N. Hydrological and environmental variables outperform spatial factors in structuring species, trait composition, and beta diversity of pelagic algae. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2947-2961. [PMID: 29531708 PMCID: PMC5838050 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in algae-based bioassessment, particularly, trait-based approaches are increasingly suggested. However, the main drivers, especially the contribution of hydrological variables, of species composition, trait composition, and beta diversity of algae communities are less studied. To link species and trait composition to multiple factors (i.e., hydrological variables, local environmental variables, and spatial factors) that potentially control species occurrence/abundance and to determine their relative roles in shaping species composition, trait composition, and beta diversities of pelagic algae communities, samples were collected from a German lowland catchment, where a well-proven ecohydrological modeling enabled to predict long-term discharges at each sampling site. Both trait and species composition showed significant correlations with hydrological, environmental, and spatial variables, and variation partitioning revealed that the hydrological and local environmental variables outperformed spatial variables. A higher variation of trait composition (57.0%) than species composition (37.5%) could be explained by abiotic factors. Mantel tests showed that both species and trait-based beta diversities were mostly related to hydrological and environmental heterogeneity with hydrological contributing more than environmental variables, while purely spatial impact was less important. Our findings revealed the relative importance of hydrological variables in shaping pelagic algae community and their spatial patterns of beta diversities, emphasizing the need to include hydrological variables in long-term biomonitoring campaigns and biodiversity conservation or restoration. A key implication for biodiversity conservation was that maintaining the instream flow regime and keeping various habitats among rivers are of vital importance. However, further investigations at multispatial and temporal scales are greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naicheng Wu
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources ManagementInstitute for Natural Resource ConservationKiel UniversityKielGermany
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced StudiesAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Yueming Qu
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources ManagementInstitute for Natural Resource ConservationKiel UniversityKielGermany
| | - Björn Guse
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources ManagementInstitute for Natural Resource ConservationKiel UniversityKielGermany
- GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesSection HydrologyPotsdamGermany
| | | | - Szewing To
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources ManagementInstitute for Natural Resource ConservationKiel UniversityKielGermany
| | - Tenna Riis
- Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Nicola Fohrer
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources ManagementInstitute for Natural Resource ConservationKiel UniversityKielGermany
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22
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Freshwater Diatoms as Indicators of Combined Long-Term Mining and Urban Stressors in Junction Creek (Ontario, Canada). ENVIRONMENTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/environments5020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Ecological Models to Infer the Quantitative Relationship between Land Use and the Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Community. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Brack W, Escher BI, Müller E, Schmitt-Jansen M, Schulze T, Slobodnik J, Hollert H. Towards a holistic and solution-oriented monitoring of chemical status of European water bodies: how to support the EU strategy for a non-toxic environment? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2018; 30:33. [PMID: 30221105 PMCID: PMC6132835 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The definition of priority substances (PS) according to the Water Framework Directive (WFD) helped to remove many of these chemicals from the market and to reduce their concentrations in the European water bodies. However, it could not prevent that many of these chemicals have been replaced by others with similar risks. Today, monitoring of the PS-based chemical status according to WFD covers only a tiny fraction of toxic risks, extensively ignores mixture effects and lacks incentives and guidance for abatement. Thus, we suggest complement this purely status-related approach with more holistic and solution-oriented monitoring, which at the same time helps to provide links to the ecological status. Major elements include (1) advanced chemical screening techniques supporting mixture risk assessment and unraveling of source-related patterns in complex mixtures, (2) effect-based monitoring for the detection of groups of chemicals with similar effects and the establishment of toxicity fingerprints, (3) effect-directed analysis of drivers of toxicity and (4) to translate chemical and toxicological fingerprints into chemical footprints for prioritization of management measures. The requirement of more holistic and solution-oriented monitoring of chemical contamination is supported by the significant advancement of appropriate monitoring tools within the last years. Non-target screening technology, effect-based monitoring and basic understanding of mixture assessment are available conceptually and in research but also increasingly find their way into practical monitoring. Substantial progress in the development, evaluation and demonstration of these tools, for example, in the SOLUTIONS project enhanced their acceptability. Further advancement, integration and demonstration, extensive data exchange and closure of remaining knowledge gaps are suggested as high priority research needs for the next future to bridge the gap between insufficient ecological status and cost-efficient abatement measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Brack
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Beate I. Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erik Müller
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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25
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Tapolczai K, Bouchez A, Stenger-Kovács C, Padisák J, Rimet F. Taxonomy- or trait-based ecological assessment for tropical rivers? Case study on benthic diatoms in Mayotte island (France, Indian Ocean). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:1293-1303. [PMID: 28738506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diatom-based ecological quality assessment methods have been implemented and used regularly in the Water Framework Directive. These indices use the species' abundance profiles along a specific environmental gradient, which they aim to assess. However, this approach has several problematic issues including the unstable and fast-changing diatom taxonomy. The use of traits can be a solution if their responses to the environmental pressure are well-defined. Here, we developed taxonomy-based and trait-based diatom assemblage indices to assess the ecological status of riverine sites on a tropical island. The two indices are based on two sub-indices that measure the diatom assemblage response to a nutrient and organic matter/turbidity gradient. Both taxonomy- and trait-based indices correlated significantly with the selected environmental gradients of the test database, which was not used during index development. We showed that traits could be used for quality assessment of the Mayotte rivers and require much less effort than taxonomy-based indices. There were differences between the two types of indices, which are discussed in this paper. As a perspective for further studies, tests of trait-based indices among different eco-regions would be challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Csilla Stenger-Kovács
- Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
| | - Judit Padisák
- Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprém 8200, Hungary; MTA-PE Limnoecology Research Group, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
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