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Shahid N, Siddique A, Liess M. Predicting the Combined Effects of Multiple Stressors and Stress Adaptation in Gammarus pulex. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12899-12908. [PMID: 38984974 PMCID: PMC11270985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Global change confronts organisms with multiple stressors causing nonadditive effects. Persistent stress, however, leads to adaptation and related trade-offs. The question arises: How can the resulting effects of these contradictory processes be predicted? Here we show that Gammarus pulex from agricultural streams were more tolerant to clothianidin (mean EC50 148 μg/L) than populations from reference streams (mean EC50 67 μg/L). We assume that this increased tolerance results from a combination of physiological acclimation, epigenetic effects, and genetic evolution, termed as adaptation. Further, joint exposure to pesticide mixture and temperature stress led to synergistic interactions of all three stressors. However, these combined effects were significantly stronger in adapted populations as shown by the model deviation ratio (MDR) of 4, compared to reference populations (MDR = 2.7). The pesticide adaptation reduced the General-Stress capacity of adapted individuals, and the related trade-off process increased vulnerability to combined stress. Overall, synergistic interactions were stronger with increasing total stress and could be well predicted by the stress addition model (SAM). In contrast, traditional models such as concentration addition (CA) and effect addition (EA) substantially underestimated the combined effects. We conclude that several, even very disparate stress factors, including population adaptations to stress, can act synergistically. The strong synergistic potential underscores the critical importance of correctly predicting multiple stresses for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Shahid
- System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research −
UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department
of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60629 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ayesha Siddique
- System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research −
UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute
for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research −
UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute
for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Luo Z, Lin ZY, Li ZF, Fu ZQ, Han FL, Li EC. Next-generation neonicotinoid: The impact of cycloxaprid on the crustacean decapod Penaeus vannamei. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142150. [PMID: 38679174 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cycloxaprid, a new neonicotinoid pesticide, poses ecological risks, particularly in aquatic environments, due to its unique action and environmental dispersal. This study investigated the ecotoxicological effects of various concentrations of cycloxaprid on Penaeus vannamei over 28 days. High cycloxaprid levels significantly altered shrimp physiology, as shown by changes in the hepatosomatic index and fattening. Indicators of oxidative stress, such as increased serum hemocyanin, respiratory burst, and nitric oxide, as well as decreased phenol oxidase activity, were observed. Additionally, elevated activities of lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase indicated disrupted energy metabolism in the hepatopancreas. Notably, analyses of the nervous system revealed marked disturbances in neural signaling, as evidenced by elevated acetylcholine, octopamine, and acetylcholinesterase levels. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted significant effects on gene expression and metabolic processes in the hepatopancreas and nervous system. This study demonstrated that cycloxaprid disrupts neural signaling and oxidative balance in P. vannamei, potentially affecting its growth, and provides key insights into its biochemical and transcriptomic toxicity in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Luo
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Lin
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Zhen-Fei Li
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, China
| | - Feng-Lu Han
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Er-Chao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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3
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Jourdan J, El Toum Abdel Fadil S, Oehlmann J, Hupało K. Rapid development of increased neonicotinoid tolerance in non-target freshwater amphipods. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108368. [PMID: 38070438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The comprehensive assessment of the long-term impacts of constant exposure to pollutants on wildlife populations remains a relatively unexplored area of ecological risk assessment. Empirical evidence to suggest that multigenerational exposure affects the susceptibility of organisms is scarce, and the underlying mechanisms in the natural environment have yet to be fully understood. In this study, we first examined the arthropod candidate species, Gammarus roeselii that - unlike closely related species - commonly occurs in many contaminated river systems of Central Europe. This makes it a suitable study organism to investigate the development of tolerances and phenotypic adaptations along pollution gradients. In a 96-h acute toxicity assay with the neonicotinoid thiacloprid, we indeed observed a successive increase in tolerance in populations coming from contaminated regions. This was accompanied by a certain phenotypic change, with increased investment into reproduction. To address the question of whether these changes are plastic or emerged from longer lasting evolutionary processes, we conducted a multigeneration experiment in the second part of our study. Here, we used closely-related Hyalella azteca and pre-exposed them for multiple generations to sublethal concentrations of thiacloprid in a semi-static design (one week renewal of media containing 0.1 or 1.0 µg/L thiacloprid). The pre-exposed individuals were then used in acute toxicity assays to see how quickly such adaptive responses can develop. Over only two generations, the tolerance to the neonicotinoid almost doubled, suggesting developmental plasticity as a plausible mechanism for the rapid adaptive response to strong selection factors such as neonicotinoid insecticides. It remains to be discovered whether the plasticity of rapidly developed tolerance is species-specific and explains why closely related species - which may not have comparable adaptive response capabilities - disappear in polluted habitats. Overall, our findings highlight the neglected role of developmental plasticity during short- and long-term exposure of natural populations to pollution. Moreover, our results show that even pollutant levels seven times lower than concentrations found in the study region have a clear impact on the developmental trajectories of non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Jourdan
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Hessen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13 D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Safia El Toum Abdel Fadil
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20 D-21033, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Hessen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13 D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kamil Hupało
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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4
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Malinovska V, Kuklina I, Lozek F, Velisek J, Kozak P. Responses of signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus to single short-term pulse exposure of pesticides at environmentally relevant concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:51740-51748. [PMID: 36820980 PMCID: PMC10119208 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although pesticides are often discharged into surface waters in pulses as opposed to a sustained release, the effect of episodic pollution events on freshwater crayfish is largely unknown. We monitored change in heart rate and distance moved to assess the response of signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus to short-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of metazachlor (MTZ), terbuthylazine (TER), and thiacloprid (TCL). Crayfish exposed to 20 µg/L of MTZ exhibited a significant increase in mean heart rate and distance moved. Increased heart rate was detected at 118 ± 74 s post-exposure to MTZ. There were no significant differences in mean heart rate and distance moved in crayfish exposed to 6 µg/L of TCL and 4 µg/L of TER. A significant correlation between heart rate and distance moved was found in all exposed groups. These results suggest that pulse exposure to MTZ impact crayfish physiology and behavior during short-term period. With pulse exposure to TCL and TER, crayfish not exhibiting a locomotor response may continue to be exposed to lower, but potentially harmful, levels of pollutants. Evidence of the impacts of pesticide pulse at environmentally relevant concentrations on crayfish is scarce. Further study is required to determine the ecological effects of such events on freshwater crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Malinovska
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Iryna Kuklina
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Lozek
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Velisek
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kozak
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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Gouin N, Notte AM, Kolok AS, Bertin A. Pesticide exposure affects DNA methylation patterns in natural populations of a mayfly. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161096. [PMID: 36572299 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollutants derived from agricultural activities represent a major threat to freshwater biota. Despite growing evidence involving epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, in response to pesticide contamination in agroecosystems, research on wild populations of non-model species remains scarce, particularly for endemic freshwater arthropods. Using the MethylRAD method, this study investigates whether exposure to pesticide contamination in natural populations of the endemic mayfly A. torrens produces genome wide changes in levels of DNA methylation. From a total of 1,377,147 MethylRAD markers produced from 285 specimens collected at 30 different study sites along the Limarí watershed of north-central Chile, six showed significant differential methylation between populations exposed and unexposed to pesticides. In all cases the effect of pesticides was positive, independent and stronger than the effects detected for other spatial and environmental factors. Only one candidate marker appeared correlated significantly with additional variables, nitrate and calcium levels, which also reflects the impact of agrichemicals and could additionally suggest, to a lower extent, antagonistic effects of mineral salts concentration for this specific marker. These results suggest that the effect of pesticide exposure on methylation levels is apparent at these six MethylRAD markers in A. torrens populations. Such data is challenging to obtain in natural populations and is, for the most part, lacking in ecotoxicological studies. Our study shows that DNA methylation processes are involved in the response to pesticide contamination in populations of the mayfly A. torrens in their natural habitat, and provides new evidence regarding the impact of pesticide contamination and agricultural activities on the endemic fauna of lotic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gouin
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena, Chile; Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena, Chile.
| | - Ana-Maria Notte
- Programa de doctorado en Biología y Ecología Aplicada, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena, Chile
| | - Alan S Kolok
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3002, United States
| | - Angéline Bertin
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena, Chile
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Alonso Á. Previous stress causes a contrasting response to cadmium toxicity in the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum: lethal and behavioral endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:41348-41358. [PMID: 36630038 PMCID: PMC10067653 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, animals are often exposed to a combination of stressors, including both natural and anthropogenic factors. Combined stressors may have additive or interactive effects on animals, either magnifying or reducing the effects caused by each stressor alone. Therefore, standardized bioassays can lead to overestimations or underestimations of the risk of toxicants if natural stressors are not bear in mind. The inclusion of natural stress in laboratory bioassays may help to extrapolate the laboratory results to ecosystems. This study assesses the effects of successive exposure to two sources of stress (high water conductivity and cadmium toxicity) on the behavior and survival of the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Tateidae, Mollusca). I conducted a bioassay consisting on exposure to high conductivity (5000 mg NaCl/L, 7 days), followed by exposure to cadmium (0.03, 0.125, and 0.25 mg Cd/L for 7 days) and by a post-exposure period (7 days). Mortality, inactivity, and the time to start activity of active animals were monitored in each animal. In general, cadmium lethality was higher in animals previously undergoing high conductivity than in non-stressed ones. Previously stressed animals showed longer time to start activity, with a noticeable effect at the two highest cadmium concentrations. Animals submitted to the two highest cadmium concentration both, stressed and non-stressed, showed a moderate recovery during the post-exposure period. It is concluded that previous stress caused a worsening of the cadmium toxicity on the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, which is especially noticeable for mortality. However, there was no interactive effect between cadmium and conductivity on snail activity, which may be indicative of recovery after cadmium exposure regardless the previous stress suffered by the snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Alonso
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Unidad de Ecología, Biological Invasions Research Group, Universidad de Alcalá, Plaza de San Diego S/N, Madrid, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
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Friedrich K, Gurgel ADM, Sarpa M, Bedor CNG, Siqueira MTD, Gurgel IGD, Augusto LGDS. Toxicologia crítica aplicada aos agrotóxicos – perspectivas em defesa da vida. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-11042022e220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A toxicologia é aplicada aos processos regulatórios tendo como base central a linearidade das relações entre a dose e o efeito e a possibilidade de estabelecer condições de exposição seguras. Isso ocorre apesar das limitações apontadas pela literatura cientifica. A concepção, a definição das metodologias e a condução da avaliação de risco dos agrotóxicos acabam por atender aos interesses econômicos e à definição de cenários de segurança distantes da realidade. As limitações metodológicas dos estudos exigidos para fins de registro de um agrotóxico envolvem: a desconsideração das interações entre as misturas utilizadas; a não previsão de curvas dose-resposta não lineares (horméticas); a compartimentalização dos desfechos analisados; a exposição nos períodos críticos do desenvolvimento; e a desconsideração do contexto, das diversidades individuais, coletivas e dos territórios expostos aos agrotóxicos, entre outros aspectos discutido nesse ensaio. A toxicologia crítica propõe que a avaliação toxicológica parta da integralidade do problema no contexto apresentando propostas que podem ser adotadas nos processos de regulação de agrotóxicos e outras substâncias potencialmente perigosas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcia Sarpa
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (Inca), Brasil
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8
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Siddique A, Shahid N, Liess M. Multiple Stress Reduces the Advantage of Pesticide Adaptation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15100-15109. [PMID: 34730333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Under global change scenarios, multistress conditions may occur regularly and require adaptation. However, the adaptation to one stressor might be associated with the increased sensitivity to another stressor. Here, we investigated the ecological consequences of such trade-off under multiple stress. We compared the pesticide tolerance of the crustacean Gammarus pulex from agricultural streams with populations from reference streams. Under optimum temperature, G. pulex from agricultural streams were considerably more tolerant to pesticides as compared to the reference populations. Here, we assume that the increased tolerance in agricultural populations is the combination of acclimation, epigenetic effect, and genetic evolution. After experimental pre-exposure to very low concentration (LC50/1000), reference populations showed increased pesticide tolerance. In contrast, pre-exposure did not further increase the tolerance of agricultural populations. Moreover, these populations were more sensitive to elevated temperature alone due to the hypothesized fitness cost of genetic adaptation to pesticides. However, both reference and agricultural populations showed a similar tolerance to the combined stress of pesticides and warming due to stronger synergistic effects in adapted populations. As a result, pesticide adaptation loses its advantage. The combined effect was predicted well using the stress addition model, developed for predicting the synergistic interaction of independent stressors. We conclude that under multistress conditions, adaptation to pesticides reduces the general stress capacity of individuals and trade-off processes increase the sensitivity to additional stressors. This causes strong synergistic effects of additional stressors on pesticide-adapted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Siddique
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research─UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Naeem Shahid
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research─UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Street 13, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Matthias Liess
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research─UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
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Macaulay SJ, Hageman KJ, Piggott JJ, Juvigny-Khenafou NPD, Matthaei CD. Warming and imidacloprid pulses determine macroinvertebrate community dynamics in experimental streams. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5469-5490. [PMID: 34418243 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable management of freshwater and pesticide use is essential for mitigating the impacts of intensive agriculture in the context of a changing climate. To better understand how climate change will affect the vulnerability of freshwater ecosystems to chemical pollutants, more empirical evidence is needed on the combined effects of climatic and chemical stressors in environmentally realistic conditions. Our experiment provides the first empirical evaluation of stream macroinvertebrate community dynamics in response to one of the world's most widely used insecticides, imidacloprid, and increased water temperature. In a 7-week streamside experiment using 128 flow-through circular mesocosms, we investigated the effects of pulsed imidacloprid exposure (four environmentally relevant levels between 0 and 4.6 µg/L) and raised water temperature (ambient, 3°C above) on invertebrate communities representative of fast- and slow-flowing microhabitats. Invertebrate drift and insect emergence were monitored during three pesticide pulses (10 days apart), and benthic invertebrate communities were sampled after 24 days of heating and pesticide manipulations. All three manipulated factors strongly affected drift community composition. The first imidacloprid pulse and increased temperature had a greater impact on communities in fast-flowing mesocosms, which contained more pollution-sensitive EPT taxa (mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies). Heating and imidacloprid caused increased emigration by drift, weak reductions in emergence, and negatively affected the benthic community. The combined effect of stressor manipulations and a 10-day natural heatwave drastically reduced relative abundances of EPT and insects overall and caused a shift to oligochaete-, crustacean- and gastropod-dominated communities. Contrary to our hypothesis, the very high yet realistic water temperatures reached in our experiment meant the negative effects of imidacloprid were clearest at ambient temperatures and fast flow. These findings demonstrate the potential combined impacts of imidacloprid contamination and heatwaves on freshwater invertebrate communities under future climate scenarios and highlight the need for more countries to take regulatory action to control neonicotinoid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Macaulay
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Kimberly J Hageman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, USA
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Švara V, Krauss M, Michalski SG, Altenburger R, Brack W, Luckenbach T. Chemical Pollution Levels in a River Explain Site-Specific Sensitivities to Micropollutants within a Genetically Homogeneous Population of Freshwater Amphipods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6087-6096. [PMID: 33852288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic micropollutants alter chemical and ecological conditions of freshwater ecosystems and impact aquatic species that live along the pollution gradient of a river. Species sensitivity to micropollutants depends on the site-specific exposure; however, it remains unclear to what degree this sensitivity relates to the species' genetic structure. Here, we explored the relationship between the toxic sensitivity and genetic structure of the amphipod species Gammarus pulex (Linnaeus, 1758) along an organic micropollutant gradient in the Holtemme River in central Germany. We determined the river's site-specific micropollutant patterns and analyzed the genetic structure of G. pulex using nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers. Furthermore, we examined the exposure sensitivities and bioaccumulation of the commonly detected insecticide imidacloprid in G. pulex from different sites. Our results show that throughout the Holtemme River, G. pulex forms a well-connected and homogeneous population with no observable pollution-related differences in the genetic structure. However, G. pulex from polluted sites responded more sensitively to imidacloprid; survival times for half of the amphipods were up to 54% shorter, the percentage of immobile individuals increased up to 65%, and the modeled imidacloprid depuration rate was lower in comparison to amphipods from non-polluted sites. Altogether, these results suggest that the level of sensitivity of G. pulex amphipods to micropollutants in the river depends on the degree of pollution: amphipods may thrive in food-rich but polluted habitats; yet, their sensitivity is increased when chronically exposed to organic micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Švara
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan G Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Till Luckenbach
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Riascos-Flores L, Bruneel S, Van der Heyden C, Deknock A, Van Echelpoel W, Forio MAE, De Saeyer N, Vanden Berghe W, Spanoghe P, Bermudez R, Dominguez-Granda L, Goethals P. Polluted paradise: Occurrence of pesticide residues within the urban coastal zones of Santa Cruz and Isabela (Galapagos, Ecuador). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142956. [PMID: 33129533 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although pesticides are frequently used for agriculture in the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), there are, to date, no investigations of pesticide occurrences in its coastal waters. We examined the presence of pesticide residues in the coastal waters of urban areas in two islands of the Galapagos archipelago using a repeated sampling design. Quantification was performed by solid-phase extraction, followed by chemical analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The diversity and concentration of pesticide residues in Santa Cruz island were higher compared to Isabela island. In total, sixteen pesticides were detected, including three persistent organic pollutants. Carbendazim (23.93 μg·L-1), cadusafos (4.74 μg·L-1), DDT (2.99 μg·L-1), diuron (1.61 μg·L-1) and aldrin (1.55 μg·L-1) were detected with the highest concentrations between samples. Repetitions in locations show that concentrations of pesticide residues varied considerably in space and time. Comparison with local products indicated agricultural activities on the islands as a possible source. Furthermore, evaluation through ecological risk quotients showed that the observed concentration levels of seven pesticides pose a relatively high risk for three biotic groups (i.e. algae, invertebrates and fishes). Taken together, this study provides insights into the need to regulate, monitor and assess the presence of pesticides in the islands. At a global scale, this study is moreover valuable for the many islands that are facing the same challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin Riascos-Flores
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador.
| | - Stijn Bruneel
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine Van der Heyden
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University College Ghent, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Deknock
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Van Echelpoel
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Anne Eurie Forio
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy De Saeyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Spanoghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rafael Bermudez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador; International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, Principality of Monaco, Monaco; Galapagos Marine Research and Exploration, GMaRE. Joint ESPOL-CDF program, Charles Darwin Research Station, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Luis Dominguez-Granda
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Peter Goethals
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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12
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de Melo MS, Das K, Gismondi E. Inorganic mercury effects on biomarker gene expressions of a freshwater amphipod at two temperatures. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111815. [PMID: 33387774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global contaminant resulting of both natural processes and human activities. In aquatic environments, studies conducted on vertebrates highlighted changes of gene expression or activity of antitoxic and oxidative enzymes. However, although Hg is a highly toxic compound in aquatic environments, only a few studies have evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of inorganic Hg on Gammarus sp. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of inorganic Hg (HgCl2) on the expression of 17 genes involved in crucial biological functions or mechanisms for organisms, namely respiration, osmoregulation, apoptosis, immune and endocrine system, and antioxidative and antitoxic defence systems. The study was performed in males of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex exposed to two environmentally relevant concentrations (50 and 500 ng/L) at two temperature regime fluctuations (16 °C and 20 °C +/-2 °C) for 7 and 21 days. Results showed that G. pulex mortality was dependent on Hg concentration and temperature; the higher the concentration and temperature, the higher the mortality rate. In addition, the Integrated Biomarker Response emphasized that HgCl2 toxicity was dependent on the concentration, time and temperature of exposure. Overall, antioxidant and antitoxic defences, as well as the endocrine and immune systems, were the biological functions most impacted by Hg exposure (based on the concentration, duration, and temperature tested). Conversely, osmoregulation was the least affected biological function. The results also demonstrated a possible adaptation of G. pulex after 21 days at 500 ng/L, regardless of the exposure temperature. This study allowed us to show that Hg deregulates many crucial biological functions after a short exposure, but that during a long exposure, an adaptation phenomenon could occur, regardless of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madson Silveira de Melo
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE), Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège B6c, 11 allée du 6 Août, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Krishna Das
- Laboratory of Oceanology, Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège B6c, 11 Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Gismondi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE), Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège B6c, 11 allée du 6 Août, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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13
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Wiberg-Larsen P, Nørum U, Rasmussen JJ. Repeated insecticide pulses increase harmful effects on stream macroinvertebrate biodiversity and function. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 273:116404. [PMID: 33460872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We exposed twelve mesocosm stream channels and four instream channels to one, two, and four pulses of the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (0.1 μg L-1) applied at two day intervals, each pulse lasting 90 min. Unexposed controls were included. We monitored macroinvertebrate taxonomic composition in the channels and in deployed leaf packs one day before and 29 days after the first exposure. Further, we measured drift in and out of the channels and leaf litter decomposition. Lambda-cyhalothrin exposures induced significantly increased drift in both experiments especially for Gammarus pulex, Amphinemura standfussi, and Leuctra spp. Macroinvertebrate taxonomic composition increasingly changed with increasing number of lambda-cyhalothrin exposures being most pronounced in the mesocosm channels. Further, leaf decomposition significantly decreased with increasing number of exposures in the mesocosm channels. Our study showed that species with predicted highest sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin were primary drivers of significant changes in taxonomic composition lasting for at least one month despite continuous recolonization of exposed channels from upstream parts of the natural stream and from the water inlet in the mesocosm channels. The overall results highlight the importance of sequential exposures to insecticides for understanding the full impact of insecticides on macroinvertebrates at the community level in streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wiberg-Larsen
- Institute for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsoevej 25, D 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Nørum
- Institute for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsoevej 25, D 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark; Nyborg Gymnasium, Skolebakken 13, DK 5800 Nyborg, Denmark
| | - Jes Jessen Rasmussen
- Institute for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsoevej 25, D 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section for Freshwater Ecology, Gaustadallèen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Meng S, Delnat V, Stoks R. The Exposure Order Strongly Modifies How a Heat Spike Increases Pesticide Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11476-11484. [PMID: 32804496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The exposure order may strongly affect the impact of stressors, yet is largely ignored for the frequently occurring combinations of toxicants with natural stressors. We tested how exposure order shaped the interactive effects of serial exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos and to a heat spike in the larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens. Notably, the chlorpyrifos-induced mortality was much more magnified by the heat spike and a synergism was already detected at the low concentration when exposure to chlorpyrifos followed the heat spike. This suggests that the preceding heat spike weakened the larvae as reflected in their lower net energy budget, moreover the chlorpyrifos-induced inhibition of its target enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) was only magnified by the heat spike when it was the first stressor. Also the chlorpyrifos-induced reduction in heat tolerance was stronger when the pesticide pulse followed the heat spike, and was buffered by the heat spike when this was the second stressor. Our results provide the first evidence that the exposure order can strongly change the magnifying effect of an important climate change factor on the toxicity of a pesticide. This highlights the importance of exposure order in ecological risk assessment of toxicants under realistic combinations with natural stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandong Meng
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Vienna Delnat
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Becker JM, Russo R, Shahid N, Liess M. Drivers of pesticide resistance in freshwater amphipods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139264. [PMID: 32485446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic invertebrates exposed to pesticides may develop pesticide resistance. Based on a meta-analysis we revealed environmental factors driving the magnitude of resistance in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex in the field. We showed that (i) insecticide tolerance of G. pulex increased with pesticide contamination in agricultural streams generally by a factor of up to 4. Tolerance increased even at concentrations lower than what is considered safe in regulatory risk assessment (ii) The increase in insecticide tolerance was pronounced at high test concentrations; comparing the LC50 of populations therefore potentially underestimates the development of resistance. (iii) Insecticide resistance in agricultural streams diminished during the spraying season, suggesting that adverse effects of sublethal concentrations in the short term contrast long-term adaptation to insecticide exposure. (iv) We found that resistance was especially high in populations characterized not only by high pesticide exposure, but also by large distance (>3.3 km) from non-polluted stream sections and by low species diversity within the invertebrate community. We conclude that the test concentration, the timing of measurement, distance to refuge areas and species diversity mediate the observed response of aquatic communities to pesticide pollution and need to be considered for the sustainable management of agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias Martin Becker
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Renato Russo
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Naeem Shahid
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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16
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Bruus M, Rasmussen JJ, Strandberg M, Strandberg B, Sørensen PB, Larsen SE, Kjær C, Lorenz S, Wiberg-Larsen P. Terrestrial adult stages of freshwater insects are sensitive to insecticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124799. [PMID: 31518926 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial adult stages of freshwater insects may be exposed to pesticides by wind drift, over-spray, contact or feeding. However, studies addressing insecticide effects on freshwater invertebrates focus primarily on the impact of pesticides reaching the streams and potentially harming the aquatic juvenile stages. This is also reflected in the current risk assessment procedures, which do not include testing of adult freshwater insects. In order to assess the potential impact of insecticides on adult stages of freshwater insects, we exposed six common species to the insecticides Karate (lambda-cyhalothrin) and Confidor (imidacloprid). Dose-response relations were established, and LD50 estimates were compared to those of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), which is the standard terrestrial test insect when pesticides are evaluated prior to commercial release. Generally, the tested species were more sensitive to the studied insecticides than the honey bee. In order to examine whether the sensitivity of adult stages of freshwater insects corresponds with the sensitivity of the juvenile stages of the same species, the ranking of the two life stages with respect to the toxicity of Karate was compared, revealing some correspondence, but also some dissimilarities. Our results strongly indicate that terrestrial adult stages of aquatic insects are not adequately protected by current risk assessment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Bruus
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Jes Jessen Rasmussen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Morten Strandberg
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Beate Strandberg
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Peter Borgen Sørensen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Søren Erik Larsen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Christian Kjær
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Stefan Lorenz
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Wiberg-Larsen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
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17
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Gouin N, Bertin A, Espinosa MI, Snow DD, Ali JM, Kolok AS. Pesticide contamination drives adaptive genetic variation in the endemic mayfly Andesiops torrens within a semi-arid agricultural watershed of Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113099. [PMID: 31600702 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agrichemical contamination can provoke evolutionary responses in freshwater populations. It is a particularly relevant issue in semi-arid regions due to the sensitivity of endemic species to pollutants and to interactions with temperature stress. This paper investigates the presence of pesticides in rivers within a semi-arid agricultural watershed of Chile, testing for their effects on population genetic characteristics of the endemic mayfly Andesiops torrens (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Pesticides were detected in sediment samples in ten out of the 30 sites analyzed throughout the upper part of the Limarí watershed. To study the evolutionary impact of such contamination on A. torrens, we used a genome-wide approach and analyzed 2056 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci in 551 individuals from all sites. Genetic differentiation was weak between populations, suggesting high gene flow across the study area. While we did not find evidence of pesticide effects on genetic diversity nor on population differentiation, the allele frequency of three outlier SNP loci correlated significantly with pesticide occurrence. Interrogation of genomic resources indicates that two of these SNPs are located within functional genes that encode for the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 and Dumpy, both potentially involved in insect cuticle resistance processes. Such genomic signatures of local adaptation are indicative of past adverse effects of pesticide exposure on the locally adapted populations. Our results reveal that A. torrens is sensitive to pesticide exposure, but that a high gene flow may confer resilience to contamination. This research supports the contention that A. torrens is an ideal model organism to study evolutionary responses induced by pesticides on non-target, endemic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gouin
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Raúl Bitrán, 1305, La Serena, Chile; Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados Zonas en Áridas, Raúl Bitrán, 1305, La Serena, Chile.
| | - Angéline Bertin
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Raúl Bitrán, 1305, La Serena, Chile.
| | - Mara I Espinosa
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Raúl Bitrán, 1305, La Serena, Chile.
| | - Daniel D Snow
- Nebraska Water Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0844, United States.
| | - Jonathan M Ali
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Alan S Kolok
- Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3002, United States.
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18
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Food Shortage Amplifies Negative Sublethal Impacts of Low-Level Exposure to the Neonicotinoid Insecticide Imidacloprid on Stream Mayfly Nymphs. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of pesticides with biotic or anthropogenic stressors affecting stream invertebrates are still poorly understood. In a three-factor laboratory experiment, we investigated effects of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, food availability, and population density on the New Zealand mayfly Deleatidium spp. (Leptophlebiidae). Larval mayflies (10 or 20 individuals) were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of imidacloprid (controls, 0.97 and 2.67 μg L−1) for nine days following five days during which individuals were either starved or fed with stream algae. Imidacloprid exposure had severe lethal and sublethal effects on Deleatidium, with effects of the lower concentration occurring later in the experiment. The starvation period had delayed interactive effects, with prior starvation amplifying imidacloprid-induced increases in mayfly impairment (inability to swim or right themselves) and immobility (no signs of movement besides twitching appendages). Few studies have investigated interactions with other stressors that may worsen neonicotinoid impacts on non-target freshwater organisms, and experiments manipulating food availability or density-dependent processes are especially rare. Therefore, we encourage longer-term multiple-stressor experiments that build on our study, including mesocosm experiments involving realistic stream food webs.
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19
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Effects of insecticides, fipronil and imidacloprid, on the growth, survival, and behavior of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223641. [PMID: 31600290 PMCID: PMC6786580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased use of pesticide is causing detrimental effects on non-target species worldwide. In this study, we examined the lethal and sub-lethal effects of fipronil and imidacloprid, two commonly used insecticides, on juvenile brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus), one of the most commercially and ecologically important species in the United States. The effects of six concentrations of fipronil (0.0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0 μg/L) and six concentrations of imidacloprid (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 15.0, 34.5, 320.0 μg/L) were tested in a laboratory. We examined five different endpoints: growth, moulting interval, survivorship, behavioral change, and body color change. Growth of shrimp was reduced significantly under higher concentrations of both insecticides. Under fipronil exposure, shrimp in control showed the shortest inter-moult interval (7.57 ± 2.17 day) compared with other treatments; similarly, in the imidacloprid experiment, moulting increased from 8.43 ± 2.52 day in control to 11.95 ± 4.9 day in 0.5 μg/L treatment. Higher concentrations of fipronil (1.0 and 3.0 μg/L) showed a 0.0% survival rate compared with 100% survival in the control and 0.005 μg/L treatment. Under imidacloprid, survivorship decreased from 100% in the control to 33.33% in the 320.0 μg/L treatment. The 96-h LC50 of fipronil was 0.12 μg/L, which makes brown shrimp one of the most sensitive invertebrates to the pesticide. Changes in behavior and body color were observed under both insecticides after different durations of exposures depending on concentrations. We conclude that, at the corresponding EPA benchmark concentrations, fipronil had more lethal effects than imidacloprid, and imidacloprid had more sub-lethal effects than fipronil. Both effects are of serious concern, and we suggest monitoring is necessary in estuaries.
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Švara V, Norf H, Luckenbach T, Brack W, Michalski SG. Isolation and characterization of eleven novel microsatellite markers for fine-scale population genetic analyses of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6609-6615. [PMID: 31552594 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater amphipod species Gammarus pulex (Linnaeus, 1758) is widespread across Europe and Asia and is able to live in a broad range of environmental conditions. Yet, it is of great interest to which degree it is able to tolerate and adapt to the current rapid anthropogenic environmental changes affecting its habitat, such as pollution, changes in river morphology, and invasions of alien gammarid species. Microsatellite primers for genetic population studies with G. pulex have been developed but due to the existence of several genetically different lineages within the species, the application of these primers is not always successful. In order to investigate the impacts of anthropogenic environmental changes on the spatio-genetic patterns of G. pulex lineage E in streams in the Saale river catchment in Germany, we designed eleven novel polymorphic microsatellites for this lineage using a high-throughput sequencing approach. These microsatellites enabled highly specific characterization of three closely related populations. The results show genetically distinct populations reflected by both a principal coordinates analysis and an analysis of molecular variance. Several of the newly designed microsatellite primers also enabled successful cross-amplification of the respective microsatellites in specimens of G. pulex lineage C, while only two microsatellites were amplified successfully and showed polymorphisms for all of the analyzed specimens of G. fossarum Koch, 1836. The microsatellites identified here are suitable for future assessments of micro-evolutionary dynamics of G. pulex from central Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Švara
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Helge Norf
- State Office of Criminal Investigations Saxony-Anhalt, Lübecker Str. 53-63, 39124, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Till Luckenbach
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan G Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
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21
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Collins SJ, Bellingham L, Mitchell GW, Fahrig L. Life in the slow drain: Landscape structure affects farm ditch water quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:1157-1167. [PMID: 30625647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agrichemical contamination is a major threat to aquatic ecosystems in farmland. There is a need to better understand the influence of the surrounding landscape on farm wetlands to recommend land management options that minimize water quality impacts from agricultural practices. We tested hypothesized relationships between landscape structure and multiple water quality measures in farm drainage ditches in a multi-landscape study in Eastern Ontario, Canada. We measured physicochemical water quality (levels of atrazine, glyphosate, neonicotinoid insecticides, inorganic nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen), and biological water quality indicators (aquatic macroinvertebrate richness, leaf litter decomposition, and Ceriodaphnia dubia population responses) in 27 farm ditches, and measured the amounts of forest cover and high-intensity crop cover (landscape composition), and field edge cover (landscape configuration) in 1-km radius landscapes surrounding each ditch sampling site. We used confirmatory path analysis to simultaneously model the direct and indirect relationships between the landscape predictors and water quality variables. Landscape composition measures were the strongest predictors of water quality: pesticides decreased as surrounding forest cover increased, and nitrogen increased with increasing amounts of high-intensity crop cover. Crop cover was also indirectly negatively related to macroinvertebrate richness via its effects on nitrogen and dissolved oxygen. We found no effects of landscape configuration on agrichemical levels, but there was some support for a positive relationship between macroinvertebrate richness and field edge cover. Our results indicate that aquatic macroinvertebrate richness is strongly impacted by fertilizer use in our region, and that macroinvertebrate richness is a more sensitive biotic indicator of farmland water quality than leaf litter decomposition or C. dubia responses. We conclude that, in our region, landscape management to improve farmland water quality should focus primarily on landscape composition. Such management should aim to increase amounts of non-crop cover such as forest, and reduce amounts of crop cover with high agrichemical inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Collins
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Lindsay Bellingham
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Greg W Mitchell
- Wildlife Research Division, National Wildlife Research Center, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 0H3, Canada
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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Russo R, Haange SB, Rolle-Kampczyk U, von Bergen M, Becker JM, Liess M. Identification of pesticide exposure-induced metabolic changes in mosquito larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1533-1541. [PMID: 30189569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The European regulatory framework for pesticides generally applies an assessment factor of up to 100 below the acute median lethal concentration (LC50) in laboratory tests to predict the regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs). However, long-term detrimental effects of pesticides in the environment occur far below the RACs. Here, we explored the metabolic changes induced by exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin in larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens. We exposed the test organisms to the insecticide for 24 h and then measured the levels of 184 metabolites immediately and 48 h after the pulse contamination. We established a link between the exposure to clothianidin and changes in the level of three specific classes of metabolites involved in energy metabolism, namely, glycerophospholipids, acylcarnitines and biogenic amines. Remarkably, exposure to concentrations considered to be safe according to the regulatory framework (2-4 orders of magnitude lower than the acute LC50), induced longer-term effects than exposure to the highest concentration. These results suggest that a specific detoxification mechanism was only triggered by the highest concentration. We conclude that even very low insecticide concentrations increase the energy demands of exposed organisms, which potentially translates into a decline in sensitive species in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Russo
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Molecular System Biology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Molecular System Biology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Molecular System Biology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jeremias Martin Becker
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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23
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Hasenbein S, Poynton H, Connon RE. Contaminant exposure effects in a changing climate: how multiple stressors can multiply exposure effects in the amphipod Hyalella azteca. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:845-859. [PMID: 29464532 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change (GCC) is likely to intensify the synergistic effects between altered physicochemical parameters [of changing habitats] and other anthropogenic threats, such as water pollution, posing increased risks to aquatic biodiversity. As such, it is critical to understand how organisms will respond to changes in water temperature and salinity in the presence of contaminants. We exposed the epibenthic amphipod Hyalella azteca to a 3 × 3 factorial treatment design of three temperatures and three salinities ranging from 12 to 18 °C and 0 to 8 parts per thousand (ppt), respectively, in combination with a low-level environmentally relevant concentration of the pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin (1 ng/L). Effects on survival and swimming behavior were evaluated after 96 h exposure. Transcription of a select suite of genes was monitored at 24, 48, and 96 h using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Our results not only demonstrate that the changes in salinity and temperature result in negative effects to invertebrate survival, behavior, and gene response, but that the effects were significantly more pronounced in the presence of bifenthrin. This is particularly important since greater thermal fluctuations, changes in timing and extent of glacial melt, and changes in precipitation, could result in H. azteca experiencing lower temperatures at times that coincide with increased spraying of pyrethroids. These environmentally relevant exposures using the standard test species H. azteca provide essential information for understanding effects caused by GCC in conjunction with increasing pesticide use, further highlighting the need to incorporate GCC impacts into risk assessments of contaminants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hasenbein
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Helen Poynton
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard E Connon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Shahid N, Becker JM, Krauss M, Brack W, Liess M. Pesticide Body Burden of the Crustacean Gammarus pulex as a Measure of Toxic Pressure in Agricultural Streams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7823-7832. [PMID: 29932330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessments of toxicants in aquatic environments are typically based on the evaluation of concentrations in water or sediment. However, concentrations in water are highly variable, while the body burden may provide a better time-integrated measure of pesticide exposure and potential effects in aquatic organisms. Here, we quantified pesticide body burdens in a dominant invertebrate species from agricultural streams, Gammarus pulex, compared them with pesticide concentrations in water samples, and linked the pesticide contamination with observed ecological effects on macroinvertebrate communities. In total, 19 of 61 targeted analytes were found in the organisms, ranging from 0.037 to 93.94 ng g-1 (wet weight). Neonicotinoids caused the highest toxic pressure among the pesticides detected in G. pulex. Using linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs), we derived equivalent pesticide concentrations in streamwater based on the body burden. These equivalent concentrations correlated with the concentrations in water samples collected after runoff (65% of variance explained). Pesticide pressure significantly affected the aquatic macroinvertebrate community structure, expressed as SPEARpesticides, and caused, on average, 3-fold increased insecticide tolerance in G. pulex as a result of adaptation. The toxic pressure derived from body burden and from water samples similarly explained the change in community structure (68% and 64%). However, the increased tolerance of G. pulex to pesticides was better explained by the toxicity derived from body burden (70%) than by the toxicity from water samples (53%). We conclude that the internal body burden of macroinvertebrates is suitable to assess the overall pesticide exposure and effects in agricultural streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Shahid
- Department System-Ecotoxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V) , RWTH Aachen University , Worringerweg 1 , 52062 Aachen , Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , 61100 Vehari , Pakistan
| | - Jeremias Martin Becker
- Department System-Ecotoxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V) , RWTH Aachen University , Worringerweg 1 , 52062 Aachen , Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V) , RWTH Aachen University , Worringerweg 1 , 52062 Aachen , Germany
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Department System-Ecotoxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V) , RWTH Aachen University , Worringerweg 1 , 52062 Aachen , Germany
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25
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Shahid N, Becker JM, Krauss M, Brack W, Liess M. Adaptation of Gammarus pulex to agricultural insecticide contamination in streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:479-485. [PMID: 29195196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides affects non-target aquatic communities, with substantial consequences on ecosystem services. Adaptation of exposed populations may reduce the effects of pesticides. However, it is not known under which conditions adaptation occurs when only a low toxic pressure from pesticides is present. Here, we show that Gammarus pulex, a dominant macroinvertebrate species in many agricultural streams, acquires increased tolerance to pesticides when recolonization from non-contaminated refuge areas is low. Populations in the field that were exposed to pesticides at concentrations several orders of magnitude below considerable acute effects showed almost 3-fold higher tolerance to the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin (mean EC50 218μgL-1) compared with non-exposed populations (mean EC50 81μgL-1). This tolerance of exposed populations increased from 2- to 4-fold with increasing distance to the next refuge area (0 to 10km). We conclude that the development of tolerance for non-target species may occur at very low concentrations, much below those affecting sensitive test organisms and also lower than those predicted to be safe by governmental risk assessment frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Shahid
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen, Germany; Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan.
| | - Jeremias Martin Becker
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen, Germany; UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen, Germany.
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