1
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Sun W, Lu K, Li R. Global estimates of ambient NO 2 concentrations and long-term health effects during 2000-2019. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 359:124562. [PMID: 39019310 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
High concentrations of ambient NO2 causes serious air pollution and could also pose great threats to human health. However, the long-term trends (20-year) and potential health effects of ambient NO2 exposure globally still shows high uncertainties. In this work, the field measurements, satellite dataset, GEOS-Chem output, and multiple geographical covariates were incorporated into the multi-stage model to investigate the global evolutions of ambient NO2 during 2000-2019. The results indicated that the cross-validation (CV) R2 values of ambient NO2 based on multi-stage model displayed satisfied performance (R2 = 0.78), which was superior to the individual model. Besides, the out-of-bag R2 was 0.75, which suggested the multi-stage model showed the better transferability. At the spatial scale, the NO2 concentrations followed the order of China (16.9 ± 9.0 μg/m3) > India (15.5 ± 5.6 μg/m3) > United States (10.7 ± 5.6 μg/m3) > Europe (7.7 ± 4.5 μg/m3), which was in consistent with the anthropogenic NOx emission. At the temporal scale, the ambient NO2 levels in China experienced persistent increases (0.29 μg/m3/year) during 2000-2013, whereas they showed slight decreases (-0.23 μg/m3/year) during 2013-2019. The ambient NO2 levels in the United States experienced continuous decreases during 2000-2019 (-0.20 μg/m3/year), while both of India and Europe remained relatively stable. Long-term NO2 exposure inevitably increased premature mortalities. The global premature all-cause mortalities associated with the excessive NO2 exposure increased from 288,169 (95% CI: 43,650, 527,971) to 461,301 (95% CI: 69,973, 843,996) in the past 20 years. This study would provide sufficient policy support for future ambient NO2 mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Sun
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, PR China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Kuangyi Lu
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 20 Cuiniao Road, Chenjia Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202162, PR China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Han Y, Dong L, Deng X, Ye D, Shao S. Spatiotemporal variations and source on black carbon over Chongqing, China: Long-term changes and observational experiments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174127. [PMID: 38908574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC), as a critical light-absorbing constituent within aerosols, exerts profound effects on atmospheric radiation balance, climate, air quality and human health, etc. And it is also a long-standing focus in rapidly developing megacities. So, this study primarily focuses on investigating the variation characteristics and underlying causes of BC in Chongqing (31,914,300 population), which is one of the municipalities directly under the central government of China, serving as a pivotal economic hub in southwest China. Utilizing MERRA-2 reanalysis data, we examined the long-term changes of atmospheric BC over Chongqing 20 years (from 2002 to 2021). Moreover, BC mass concentration observations were conducted using an Aethalometer (AE-33) from March 15 to June 14, 2021 in Liangping District, Chongqing. The statistical analysis over the last 20 years reveals an annual mean BC concentration in Chongqing of 3.42 ± 0.20 μg/m3, exhibiting growth from 2002 to 2008, followed by a decline from 2008 to 2021. Monthly concentration displays a "U-shaped" trend, with the lowest values occurring in summer and the highest in winter. Due to topographical and meteorological influences, local emissions primarily contribute to BC pollution, characterized by a spatial distribution pattern of high in the west and low in the east. Ground observation indicates a distinct dual-peaked pattern in the diurnal variation of BC, with peak concentrations aligning with periods of high traffic emissions. The variation in BC is significantly influenced by meteorological conditions (wind, temperature, atmospheric boundary layer) and local pollution sources (predominantly traffic). Furthermore, extreme events analysis suggests that local emissions and regional transport (with higher contributions from Chongqing and the Sichuan Basin) predominantly contributed to BC pollution. This study effectively makes up for the deficiency in analyzing the distribution and sources of BC pollution in Chongqing, providing valuable scientific insights for the atmospheric environment of megacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Zhang
- Advanced Science & Technology of Space and Atmospheric Physics Group (ASAG), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yong Han
- Advanced Science & Technology of Space and Atmospheric Physics Group (ASAG), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Li Dong
- Advanced Science & Technology of Space and Atmospheric Physics Group (ASAG), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Ximing Deng
- Advanced Science & Technology of Space and Atmospheric Physics Group (ASAG), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Advanced Science & Technology of Space and Atmospheric Physics Group (ASAG), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Shiyong Shao
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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3
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Zhang Y, Zhao T, Sun X, Bai Y, Shu Z, Fu W, Lu Z, Wang X. Ozone pollution aggravated by mountain-valley breeze over the western Sichuan Basin, Southwest China. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142445. [PMID: 38797212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The impact of thermally driven mountain-valley breezes (MVB) on the atmospheric environment remains poorly understood, especially in ozone (O3)-polluted regions with complex underlying topography. To address this knowledge gap, we focused on the western Sichuan Basin (SCB), situated immediately east of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which is considered susceptible to MVB coupled with severe O3 pollution in southwest China. We revealed the MVB driving diurnal O3 variations and meteorological mechanisms using surface observations and ERA5 reanalysis data. Local MVB days accounted for up to 47% of cases in the summers of 2015-2022. Driven by the MVB, the near-surface O3 concentrations increased by 8.8%, with 12.7% and 50.0% deterioration in the O3 light and moderate exceedance rates, respectively, on the western SCB edge. The daytime upslope valley breeze with 20% higher wind speed drove the westward transport of rich O3 and precursors from the upwind-polluted inner SCB towards its western edge, and the O3 photochemical production, followed by intensifying solar radiation and air temperature, gave rise to 14.8% of surface O3 concentrations over the western SCB edge. The nighttime downward mountain breeze with a 20% increase in wind speed could transport the rich O3 in the mountainous area to the basin edge, causing O3 levels to increase by 2.8%. In summary, we quantitatively assessed the impacts of MVB on changes in O3 concentrations and air quality along with its meteorological mechanisms, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of meteorological drivers in the atmospheric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yongqing Bai
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Zhuozhi Shu
- Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weikang Fu
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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4
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Cheng B, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Qin P, Feng F, Liu Z, Wang W, Zhang Y. Influence of topography and synoptic weather patterns on air quality in a valley basin city of Northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173362. [PMID: 38772485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanism underlying the effects of weather patterns and topography on air pollution, this study conducted the obliquely rotated principal component analysis in the T-mode to analyze ERA5 reanalysis data and categorize typical weather patterns at a 700-hPa geopotential height from 2015 to 2022. The probability of worsened air pollution attributable to weather patterns was quantitatively assessed using a generalized additive model. The results indicated that due to the influence of topography, Lanzhou was affected by an extended period of downdraft (with weak convective intensity) and the delayed formation of a convective boundary layer during the daytime by 1-2 h relative to other areas. Under the combined effect of low trough patterns (south low pressure type [SL] and south low weak pressure type [SL-]) and topography, the formation of a stable layer above the planetary boundary layer (PBL) would weaken the vertical exchange of the local airflow and inhibit the development of the PBL. The type of SL led to the most severe pollution, causing a 61.9 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 46.3 %-79.3 %) increase in PM2.5 concentration. For southwest high pressure patterns (south high [SH], southwest weak high [SWH-], southwest high [SWH], and southwest strong high [SWH+] pressure types), the prevailing northwest wind was the main transport path for pollutants. For the high pressure patterns (north high [NH] and northwest high [NWH] pressure types) and south wind patterns (southeast weak high [SEH-], southeast high [SEH], and northeast high [NEH] pressure types), the enhancement of vertical convection, deepening of the PBL, and reduction of pollution transport led to improved air quality. The NH, NWH, and NEH pressure types caused PM2.5 concentration to decrease by 18.4 % (95 % CI: 8.8 %-27.1 %), 14.9 % (95 % CI: 4.7 %-24.0 %), and 35.9 % (95 % CI: 9.7 %-54.6 %), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Cheng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pengpeng Qin
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fengliu Feng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zongrui Liu
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wanci Wang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Xian Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wang H, Xiong T. Characterization of winter PM 2.5 source contributions and impacts of meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emission changes in the Sichuan Basin, 2002-2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174557. [PMID: 38977099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and Community Multiscale Air Quality-Integrated Source Apportionment Method (CMAQ-ISAM) were utilized, which were integrated with the Multiresolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) emission inventory, to simulate winter PM2.5 concentrations, regional transport, and changes in emission source contributions in the Sichuan basin (SCB) from 2002 to 2020, considering variations in meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions. The results indicated a gradual decrease in the basin's winter average PM2.5 concentration from 300 μg/m3 to 120 μg/m3, with the most significant decrease occurring after 2014, reflecting the actual impact of China's air pollution control measures. Spatially, the main pollution area shifted from Chongqing to Chengdu and the western basin. The sources of PM2.5 at the eastern and western margins of the basin have remained stable and have been dominated by local emissions for many years, while the sources of PM2.5 in the central part of the basin have evolved from a multiregional co-influenced source during the early period to a high proportion of local emissions; except for boundary condition sources, residential sources were the main PM2.5 sources in the basin (approximately 29.70 %), followed by industrial sources (approximately 14.11 %). Industrial sources exhibited higher contributions in Chengdu and Chongqing and gradually stabilized with residential sources over the years, while residential sources dominated in the eastern and western parts of the basin and exhibited a declining trend. Meteorological conditions exacerbated pollution in the whole basin from 2008 to 2014, especially in the west (21-40 μg/m3). The eastern basin and Chongqing exhibited more years with alleviated meteorological pollution, including a 40+ μg/m3 decrease in Chongqing from 2002 to 2005. Reduced anthropogenic emissions alleviated annual pollution levels, with a greater reduction (> -20 μg/m3) after 2011 due to pollution control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohan Xian
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China; Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Simulation and Pollution Control at Chengdu University of Information Technology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610225, China; Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China.
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China; Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Simulation and Pollution Control at Chengdu University of Information Technology of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610225, China; Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Haofan Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Tianxin Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
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6
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Guo R, Shi G, Zhang D, Chen Y, Peng C, Zhai C, Yang F. An observed nocturnal ozone transport event in the Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:10-18. [PMID: 38135378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The ozone (O3) pollution in China drew lots of attention in recent years, and the Sichuan Basin (SCB) was one of the regions confronting worsening O3 pollution problem. Many previous studies have shown that regional transport is an important contributor to O3 pollution. However, very few features of the O3 profile during transport have been reported, especially in the border regions between different administrative divisions. In this study, we conducted tethered balloon soundings in SCB during the summer of 2020 and captured a nocturnal O3 transport event during the campaign. Vertically, the O3 transport occurred in the bottom of the residual layer, between 200 and 500 m above ground level. Horizontally, the transport pathway was directed from southeast to northwest based on the analysis of the wind field and air mass trajectories. The effect of transport in the residual layer on the surface O3 concentration was related to the spatial distribution of O3. For cities with high O3 concentrations in the upwind region, the transport process would bring clean air masses and abate pollution. For downwind lightly polluted cities, the transport process would slow down the decreasing or even increase the surface O3 concentration during the night. We provided observational facts on the profile features of a transboundary O3 transport event between two provincial administrative divisions, which implicated the importance of joint prevention and control measures. However, the sounding parameters were limited and the quantitative analysis was preliminary, more integrated, and thorough studies of this topic were called for in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Guo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guangming Shi
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center on Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Eco-Environmental Science, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Chongqing Academy of Eco-Environmental Science, Chongqing 401147, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation & Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Chongzhi Zhai
- Chongqing Academy of Eco-Environmental Science, Chongqing 401147, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation & Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center on Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu 610065, China
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Liu H, Wang Q, Wei P, Zhang Q, Qu Y, Zhang Y, Tian J, Xu H, Zhang N, Shen Z, Su H, Han Y, Cao J. The impacts of regional transport on anthropogenic source contributions of PM 2.5 in a basin city, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170038. [PMID: 38232839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PM2.5 pollution events are often happened in urban agglomeration locates in mountain-basin regions due to the complex terra and intensive emissions. Source apportionment is essential for identifying the pollution sources and important for developing local mitigation strategies, however, it is influenced by regional transport. To understand how the regional transport influences the atmospheric environment of a basin, we connected the PM2.5 source contributions estimated by observation-based receptor source apportionment and the regional contributions estimated by a tagging technology in the comprehensive air quality model with extensions (CAMx) via an artificial neural network (ANNs). The result shows that the PM2.5 in Xi'an was from biomass burning, coal combustion, traffic related emissions, mineral dust, industrial emissions, secondary nitrate and sulfate. 48.8 % of the PM2.5 in study period was from Xi'an, then followed by the outside area of Guanzhong basin (28.2 %), Xianyang (14.6 %) and Weinan (5.8 %). Baoji and Tongchuan contributed trivial amount. The sensitivity analysis showed that the transported PM2.5 would lead to divergent results of source contributions at Xi'an. The transported PM2.5 from the outside has great a potential to alter the source contributions implying a large uncertainty of the source apportionment introduced when long-range transported pollutants arrived. It suggests that a full comprehension on the impacts of regional transport can lower the uncertainty of the local PM2.5 source apportionment and reginal collaborative actions can be of great use for pollution mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Peng Wei
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yongming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Atmospheric and Haze-fog Pollution Prevention, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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Tian X, Zeng J, Li X, Li S, Zhang T, Deng Y, Yin F, Ma Y. Assessing the short-term effects of PM 2.5 and O 3 on cardiovascular mortality using high-resolution exposure: a time-stratified case cross-over study in Southwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3775-3785. [PMID: 38087153 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). To date, limited studies have estimated the effects of ambient air pollution on CVD mortality using high-resolution exposure assessment, which might fail to capture the spatial variation in exposure and introduce bias in results. Besides, the three-year action plan (TYAP, 2018-2020) was released; thus, the constitution and health effect of air pollutants may have changed. In this study, we estimated the short-term effect exposed to particulate matters with parameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) with 0.05° × 0.05° resolution on CVD mortality and measured the influence of TYAP in the associations. We used random forest models with spatial weight matrices to attain high-resolution pollutant concentrations and conditional Poisson regression to assess the relationship between air pollution and cardiovascular mortality. With an increase of 10 µg/m3 in PM2.5 and O3 during 2018-2021 in the Sichuan Basin (SCB), CVD mortality increased 1.0134 (95% CI 1.0102, 1.0166) and 1.0083 (95% CI 1.0060, 1.0107), respectively, using high-resolution air pollutant concentration, comparing to 1.0070 (95% CI 1.0052, 1.0087) and 1.0057 (95% CI 1.0037, 1.0078) using data from air quality monitoring stations (AQMs). After TYAP, the relative risk (RR) due to PM2.5 rose up to 1.0149 (95% CI 1.0054, 1.0243), and the RR due to O3 rose up to 1.0089 (95% CI 1.0030, 1.0148) in Sichuan Province. We found significantly positive association of cardiovascular mortality and air pollution in Sichuan Province. And using high-resolution exposure would be more accurate to estimate the effect of air pollution on CVD. After TYAP, the cardiovascular mortality risk estimation due to PM2.5 decreased in elderly in SCB, and the risk due to O3 increased in Sichuan Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Chronic Disease Surveillance, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Chronic Disease Surveillance, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Wang Z, Wu X, Wu Y. A spatiotemporal XGBoost model for PM 2.5 concentration prediction and its application in Shanghai. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22569. [PMID: 38058450 PMCID: PMC10696222 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper innovatively constructed an analytical and forecasting framework to predict PM2.5 concentration levels for 16 municipal districts in Shanghai. By means of XGBoost parameters adjustment, empirical mode decomposition, and model fusion, improvements are made on XGBoost prediction accuracy and stability so that prediction deviation at extreme points can be avoided. The main findings of this paper can be summarized as follows: 1) Compared with the original model, the goodness of fit of the modified XGBoost model on the test set increased by 17 %, and the root mean square error decreased by 28 %; 2) The variation of PM2.5 concentration in Shanghai has a significant seasonal (cyclical) effect, and its fluctuation period is 3 months (a quarter). In winter, the frequency of extreme value points is significantly higher than that in other seasons; 3) In terms of spatial distribution, the PM2.5 concentration in the central city of Shanghai is higher than that in the rural areas, and the PM2.5 concentration gradually decreases from center city to the surrounding areas. The innovation and contribution of this paper can be summarized as follows: 1) EEMD algorithm verified by SSA was used to decompose the original model without reconstructing all subsequences and get the best weighing among each part of the hybrid model by using variable weight assignment; 2) The city was cut into pieces according to administrative districts in avoid of the duplicate analysis when utilizing advised Kriging interpolation; 3) IDW method was applied to verified Kriging interpolation to increase the accuracy; 4) The latitude and longitude were innovatively converted into the arc length of the corresponding spherical surface; 5) Hierarchical analysis method was used to obtain the order of importance among the PM2.5 monitoring stations, which could improve the accuracy and achieve dimension reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xianhua Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - You Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
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10
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Ma K, Lin Y, Fang F, Tan H, Li J, Ge L, Wang F, Yao Y. Spatiotemporal dynamics of near-surface ozone concentration and potential source areas in northern China during 2015-2020. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:89123-89139. [PMID: 37452250 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Near-surface ozone (O3) pollution has become one of the main factors hampering urban air quality in northern China. However, on a spatiotemporal scale, dynamic transport paths and potential source areas of O3 in northern China are ambiguous. In addition, we suspect that the contribution of transportation activities to urban O3 concentrations developed in northern China may be underestimated. In this study, the HYSPLIT, PSCF, CWT and GTWR model were used to study the transmission paths, potential source areas and driving factors of urban O3 concentration on a spatiotemporal scale. The average annual concentration of surface O3 (the 90th percentile of MDA8) was 172 ± 29 μg/m3 in northern China from 2015 to 2020. In terms of inter-annual variation, the urban O3 concentration increased from 2015 to 2018, and decreased after 2018. On the spatial scale, the areas with high O3 concentration were mainly clustered in industrial cities (Tangshan, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai and Handan). During the study period, the area with high O3 concentration in northern China shifted from northwest to southeast. From 2015 to 2020, the influence of long-distance air mass trajectories from Xinjiang and Siberi on airflow transport in Beijing city dominates (78.60%) The average percentage of short-distance transport trajectories from Shandong Peninsula region is about 21.40%. The core potential source areas of O3 pollution shifted from northwest to southeast, but the contribution to O3 pollution in Beijing gradually weakened during the same period. Temperature and relative humidity were the main meteorological driving factors affecting O3 concentration in the study area, while population density, the proportion of secondary industry in GDP, industrial smoke (dust) emissions, and passenger traffic were the main non-meteorological factors. During the period study, the influence of industrial and traffic emissions had a more significant impact on O3 concentration in northern China, which will require that more attention be paid to emission mitigation in the regional industrial and passenger transportation sector, as well as the joint prevention and control of O3 pollution in northern China in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ma
- School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yuesheng Lin
- School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Fengman Fang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Huarong Tan
- School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Lei Ge
- School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Youru Yao
- School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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11
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Cai W, Luo C, Geng X, Zha Y, Zhang T, Zhang H, Yang C, Yin F, Ma Y, Shui T. City-level meteorological conditions modify the relationships between exposure to multiple air pollutants and the risk of pediatric hand, foot, and mouth disease in the Sichuan Basin, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1140639. [PMID: 37601186 PMCID: PMC10433208 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1140639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have examined the effects of city-level meteorological conditions on the associations between meteorological factors and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) risk. However, evidence that city-level meteorological conditions modify air pollutant-HFMD associations is lacking. Methods For each of the 17 cities in the Sichuan Basin, we obtained estimates of the relationship between exposures to multiple air pollutants and childhood HFMD risk by using a unified distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). Multivariate meta-regression models were used to identify the effects of city-level meteorological conditions as effect modifiers. Finally, we conducted subgroup analyses of age and sex to explore whether the modification effects varied in different subgroups. Results The associations between PM2.5/CO/O3 and HFMD risk showed moderate or substantial heterogeneity among cities (I 2 statistics: 48.5%, 53.1%, and 61.1%). Temperature conditions significantly modified the PM2.5-HFMD association, while relative humidity and rainfall modified the O3-HFMD association. Low temperatures enhanced the protective effect of PM2.5 exposure against HFMD risk [PM2.5 <32.7 μg/m3 or PM2.5 >100 μg/m3, at the 99th percentile: relative risk (RR) = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03-0.60]. Low relative humidity increased the adverse effect of O3 exposure on HFMD risk (O3 >128.7 μg/m3, at the 99th percentile: RR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.48-4.50). However, high rainfall decreased the risk of HFMD due to O3 exposure (O3: 14.1-41.4 μg/m3). In addition, the modification effects of temperature and relative humidity differed in the female and 3-5 years-old subgroups. Conclusion Our findings revealed moderate or substantial heterogeneity in multiple air pollutant-HFMD relationships. Temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall modified the relationships between PM2.5 or O3 exposure and HFMD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennian Cai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiying Luo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoran Geng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyi Zha
- Graduate School of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huadong Zhang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhong Yang
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Ma
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiejun Shui
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
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Mamić L, Gašparović M, Kaplan G. Developing PM 2.5 and PM 10 prediction models on a national and regional scale using open-source remote sensing data. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:644. [PMID: 37149506 PMCID: PMC10164030 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Clean air is the precursor to a healthy life. Air quality is an issue that has been getting under its well-deserved spotlight in the last few years. From a remote sensing point of view, the first Copernicus mission with the main purpose of monitoring the atmosphere and tracking air pollutants, the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI mission, has been widely used worldwide. Particulate matter of a diameter smaller than 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5 and PM10) significantly determines air quality. Still, there are no available satellite sensors that allow us to track them remotely with high accuracy, but only using ground stations. This research aims to estimate PM2.5 and PM10 using Sentinel-5P and other open-source remote sensing data available on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for heating (December 2021, January, and February 2022) and non-heating seasons (June, July, and August 2021) on the territory of the Republic of Croatia. Ground stations of the National Network for Continuous Air Quality Monitoring were used as a starting point and as ground truth data. Raw hourly data were matched to remote sensing data, and seasonal models were trained at the national and regional scale using machine learning. The proposed approach uses a random forest algorithm with a percentage split of 70% and gives moderate to high accuracy regarding the temporal frame of the data. The mapping gives us visual insight between the ground and remote sensing data and shows the seasonal variations of PM2.5 and PM10. The results showed that the proposed approach and models could efficiently estimate air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Mamić
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
| | - Mateo Gašparović
- Chair of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Kaplan
- Institute of Earth and Space Sciences, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Mo Y, Shi G, Jiang X, Luo T, Zhou S, Yang F. Transport Channels of Air Pollutants Affecting the Southern Sichuan Basin Based on Gridded Dispersion Simulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5396. [PMID: 37048010 PMCID: PMC10094188 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants suspended in the atmosphere have a large impact on air quality, climate, and human health. As one of the important populated and industrialized regions in China, the Sichuan Basin (SCB) has confronted severe air pollution in recent years. Previous studies have shown that regional transport played a significant role in the formation of regional pollution in the SCB, particularly in the southern basin. Using Yibin and Zigong as representative receptor cities, we further identified the transport channels affecting the southern basin by conducting gridded dispersion simulations. A total of seven channels were identified, including three for cyclonic transport, three through the mountainous areas between the Longquan Mountain and the Huaying Mountain, and one along the Yangtze River. Varying seasonal distributions of their occurrence frequencies were observed. Furthermore, observational evidence for several universal channels was presented during a typical transport case. The transport pathways identified in this study can guide the planning of regional distribution of emission sources and the measures for regional joint prevention and control of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpeng Mo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guangming Shi
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center on Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Yibin Eco-environment Monitoring Station, Yibin 644002, China
| | - Tianzhi Luo
- Yibin Eco-environment Monitoring Station, Yibin 644002, China
| | - Shuhua Zhou
- Yibin Eco-environment Monitoring Station, Yibin 644002, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center on Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu 610065, China
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14
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Lin C, Jiang W, Gao X, He Y, Li J, Zhou C, Yang L. Attributable risk and economic burden of pneumonia among older adults admitted to hospital due to short-term exposure to airborne particulate matter: a time-stratified case-crossover study from China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:45342-45352. [PMID: 36705825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have proven the relationship between air pollutants and respiratory diseases, but few studies have assessed the impacts of air particulate matter exposure on older patients with pneumonia. This study aimed to reveal the impacts of short-term exposure to air particulate matter on the daily number of older adult patients hospitalized due to pneumonia and calculate the economic costs attributable to this exposure. We collected inpatient data from 9 city hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, and calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using a time-stratified case-crossover study design and an attributable risk model to calculate the economic burden due to particulate matter pollution. It was found that for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, the daily number of older adult pneumonia inpatients increased by 1.5% (95% CI: 1.010-1.021) and 1.0% (95% CI: 1.006-1.014), respectively. Those 65 ~ 79 years old were more susceptible to air particulate pollutants (P < 0.05). During the study period, the total hospitalization costs and out-of-pocket expenses attributable to PM2.5 and PM10 exposure were 44.60 million CNY (6.22%) and 16.03 million CNY (6.21%), respectively, with PM2.5 being the primary influencing factor. This study revealed the relationship between particulate matter pollution and pneumonia among older adults. The role of policies to limit particulate matter concentrations in reducing disease burden among older adults can be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Lin
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanyanhan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Gao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi He
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Lian Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Li Y, Han Y, Ma S, Zhang Y, Wang H, Yang J, Yao L, Bi X, Wu J, Feng Y. Comparative analysis of nitrate evolution patterns during pollution episodes: Method development and results from Tianjin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159436. [PMID: 36302427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Particulate nitrate plays an increasingly important role in the formation of air pollution process, while the main mechanisms of nitrate concentration change are different in each stage, same as the driving factors. In this study, we proposed an episode-based analysis to illustrate the typical nitrate evolution patterns and identify the possible impacting factors in different evolution stages. Applying into twelve air pollution episodes, three typical patterns of nitrate evolution were abstracted, and the corresponding conceptual models were constructed. All the pollution episodes were grouped by their evolving shapes, which were driven by physical and chemical processes. Episodes started slowly typically arose from gradual pollutant accumulation, both locally and regionally, and chemical formation under high humidity. Type 1 ("hump-shaped type"), accounting for 66.3 % of the total episode durations, including two "peak" concentrations, displays a rapid growth rate which could up to 4.6 μg m-3 h-1 in average, mainly relying on the sharp drop in the planetary boundary layer height. Short scavenging processes and thoroughly dissipated stages of the pollution episodes always accompanied by strong north wind affected by Siberia-Mongolia cold current. Type 2 ("triangle-shaped type", 24.3 %) shows a gentle growth rate and short duration. Compared with Type 1, chemical process may be more important "source" for the increase of nitrate concentration during Type 2. Type 3 ("trapezoid-shaped type", 9.4 %) presents a long platform stage, during which high humidity (RH > 90 %) provides favorable conditions for wet removal and secondary production, and the updraft can carry pollutants to high altitude. The source and sink are roughly balanced for Type 3. Our study highlights the importance of pattern identification for understanding the nitrate evolution behavior, it may also provide insights for pollution prediction and scientific mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yan Han
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Simeng Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yufen Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China.
| | - Haoqi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Lu Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Xiaohui Bi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China.
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Huang J, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhai S, Wang W, Zhang T, Yin F, Ma Y. Socio-demographic characteristics and inequality in exposure to PM 2.5: A case study in the Sichuan basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120630. [PMID: 36375581 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Chengyu Metropolitan Area (CYMA), located in the Sichuan Basin, is an unevenly developed region with high PM2.5 concentrations and a population of approximately 100 million. Although exposure inequality in air pollution has received increasing concern, no related research has been carried out in the CYMA to date. In this work, we used the concentration index to assess inequality of PM2.5 population-weighted exposure in the CYMA among different subgroups, including age, education, gender, occupation and GDP per capita in the city of residence. Our findings revealed that the non-disadvantaged subgroups (people aged 15-64, people with senior and higher education, people with high-income occupations and residents of cities with high GDP per capita) had a higher PM2.5 exposure in the CYMA, with the concentration indices of -0.03 (95% CI: 0.064, -0.001), -0.14 (95% CI: 0.221, -0.059), -0.15 (95% CI: 0.238, -0.056) and -0.27 (95% CI: 0.556, 0.012), opposite to previous studies in developed countries such as the United States and France. In addition, exposure differences among cities were much larger than those among populations in the CYMA. These findings may benefit the government in identifying disproportionately exposed subgroups in developing regions, and suggest that related measures should initially be carried out for cities exposed to high PM2.5 concentrations rather than for populations exposed to high PM2.5 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Huang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siwei Zhai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Fei Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Ma
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
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Casallas A, Castillo-Camacho MP, Guevara-Luna MA, González Y, Sanchez E, Belalcazar LC. Spatio-temporal analysis of PM 2.5 and policies in Northwestern South America. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158504. [PMID: 36075422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the spatio-temporal variations, and exceedances of the PM2.5 concentrations in Northwestern South America at different scales to assess the implemented policies and identify the involved phenomena. Through reanalysis and ground-based data, we found that high PM2.5 levels in most cities of the region are caused by wildfires and local emissions, including the capital cities of Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, and Panamá. In-situ measurements suggest that the majority of the cities comply with the local but not with the WHO guidelines, indicating that local annual limits should be more restrictive. Two peaks in the daily variations of PM2.5 (related to vehicle emissions) and also a steeper decrease around noon (associated with an increase in wind speed and in the boundary layer height) were identified. The trend-analysis shows that Bogotá and Medellín have a decreasing PM2.5 annual-trend (between -0.8μgm-3 and -1.7μgm-3) that corresponds to effective policies. In contrast, Cali has a positive annual-trend (0.8μgm-3) most likely because of Short-Range Transport produced by a northerly-flow from a highly polluted neighboring city, which also affects Cali's PM2.5 diurnal cycle, or by local-dynamics. The exceedances show that the policies are working on an annual but not at a daily time-scale. These results serve as a first input for additional studies, with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the contaminant before adapting current policies or implementing new policies and measures that need to include a joint international, regional, and inter-city efforts regarding pollution transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Casallas
- Earth System Physics, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy; Escuela de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | - Marco Andrés Guevara-Luna
- LIVE-Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement, Université de Strasbourg, 3 rue de l'Argonne, Strasbourg, France; Conservación, Bioprospección y Desarrollo Sostenible (COBIDES), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente (ECAPMA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yuri González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edwin Sanchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Carlos Belalcazar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Li M, Ma Y, Luo C, Lv Q, Liu Y, Zhang T, Yin F, Shui T. Modification effects of socioeconomic factors on associations between air pollutants and hand, foot, and mouth disease: A multicity time-series study based on heavily polluted areas in the basin area of Sichuan Province, China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010896. [PMID: 36413517 PMCID: PMC9681081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious threat among children in China. Some studies have found that air pollution is associated with HFMD incidence, but the results showed heterogeneity. In this study, we aimed to explore the heterogeneity of associations between air pollutants and the number of HFMD cases and to identify significant socioeconomic effect modifiers. METHODS We collected daily surveillance data on HFMD cases in those aged less than 15 years, air pollution variables and meteorological variables from 2015 to 2017 in the basin area of Sichuan Province. We also collected socioeconomic indicator data. We conducted a two-stage multicity time-series analysis. In the first stage, we constructed a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to obtain cumulative exposure-response curves between each air pollutant and the numbers of HFMD cases for every city. In the second stage, we carried out a multivariable meta-regression to merge the estimations in the first stage and to identify significant socioeconomic effect modifiers. RESULTS We found that PM10, NO2 and O3 concentrations were associated with the number of HFMD cases. An inverted V-shaped association between PM10 and the number of HFMD cases was observed. The overall NO2-HFMD association was a hockey-stick shape. For the relationships of PM10, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO with HFMD counts, approximately 58.5%, 48.4%, 51.0%, 55.6% and 52.5% of the heterogeneity could be explained, respectively. The proportion of primary school students, population density, urbanization rate, number of licensed physicians and number of hospital beds explained part of the heterogeneity and modified the relationships. CONCLUSION Our study explored the heterogeneity of associations between air pollutants and HFMD counts. The proportion of primary school students, population density, urbanization rate, number of licensed physicians and number of hospital beds could modify the relationships. The results can serve as a reference for relevant public health decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Ma
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiying Luo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Shui
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Lu H, Xie M, Liu B, Liu X, Feng J, Yang F, Zhao X, You T, Wu Z, Gao Y. Impact of atmospheric thermodynamic structures and aerosol radiation feedback on winter regional persistent heavy particulate pollution in the Sichuan-Chongqing region, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156575. [PMID: 35688231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potential relationships among heavy air pollution, weather conditions, and meteorological effects are unclear and require further investigation, especially for areas with complex terrains, such as the Sichuan Basin (SCB), one of the most polluted regions in China. In this study, air pollution in the SCB was examined and 18 regional persistent heavy pollution events (RPHEs) were identified for the winters of 2014-2018. The average persistent period of the RPHEs was 8.89 days, and the number of affected cities was 17. Based on ground-based observations, CALIPSO satellite data, reanalysis data, and backward trajectory calculations, the synergistic effects of the thermodynamic structures, synoptic circulations and the radiative feedback of aerosols on the formation of RPHEs were revealed. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) An abnormal warming center, attributing to the warm southerly advection in the upper layer and the cold air dammed by the topography near the surface, always presented around 800-700 hPa to form a deep stable layer. (2) The diurnal variations in vertical motions triggered by the thermodynamic structures could regulate the pollution episodes. During the daytime, pollutants accumulated rapidly and thoroughly mixed under the control of sinking airflow from 800 hPa layer to the ground. At night, pollutants sometimes slowly diffused when weak ascending airflow appeared. (3) Forced by the stable layer and topography of the Tibetan Plateau, the local circulation was confined within SCB, resulting in the intensive mixing of local emissions and transport pollutants from other regions. This situation could be maintained for a long time with stable synoptic circulation in winter, leading to the formation of RPHEs. (4) The pollution episodes were featured with multi-layer pollutants above SCB according to the CALIPSO observations, including the local anthropogenic aerosols near the surface, dust aerosols originating from the Taklamakan Desert, and biomass burning aerosols from Southeast Asia. Solar absorption aerosols, including black carbon and dust above the region, could cause meteorological feedback, making the vertical layer more stable and enhancing the persistence and intensity of the pollution episodes. This study highlights the appreciable effects of synoptic circulations on the vertical thermodynamic structures of the atmosphere and air quality, and raises the understanding of the environmental and climate impacts of RPHEs in complex terrains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Min Xie
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Bojun Liu
- Chongqing Meteorological Observatory, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Jieling Feng
- Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Fuyan Yang
- Institute of Mountainous Environment and Climate of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Sichuan Meteorological Disasters Prevention Technology Center, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ting You
- Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yanghua Gao
- Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
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20
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Zhang Y, Tian Q, Feng X, Hu W, Ma P, Xin J, Wang S, Zheng C. Modification effects of ambient temperature on ozone-mortality relationships in Chengdu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73011-73019. [PMID: 35618998 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that both ambient temperatures and air pollution are closely related to health outcomes. However, whether temperature has modification effects on the association between ozone and health outcomes is still debated. In this study, three parallel time-series Poisson generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to examine the effects of modifying ambient temperatures on the association between ozone and mortality (including non-accidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality) in Chengdu, China, from 2014 to 2016. The results confirmed that the ambient high temperatures strongly amplified the adverse effects of ozone on human mortality; specifically, the ozone effects were most pronounced at > 28 °C. Without temperature stratification conditions, a 10-μg/m3 increase in the maximum 8-h average ozone (O3-8hmax) level at lag01 was associated with increases of 0.40% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15%, 0.65%), 0.61% (95% CI 0.27%, 0.95%), and 0.69% (95% CI 0.34%, 1.04%) in non-accidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. On days during which the temperature exceeded 28 °C, a 10-μg/m3 increase in O3-8hmax led to increases of 2.22% (95% CI 1.21%, 3.23%), 2.67% (95% CI 0.57%, 4.76%), and 4.13% (95% CI 2.34%, 5.92%) in non-accidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Our findings validated that high temperature could further aggravate the health risks of O3-8hmax; thus, mitigating ozone exposure will be brought into the limelight especially under the context of changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, ChengduChengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qiqi Tian
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, ChengduChengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyuan Feng
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, ChengduChengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Wendong Hu
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, ChengduChengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Ma
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, ChengduChengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinyuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shigong Wang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, ChengduChengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Canjun Zheng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
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21
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Xing C, Liu C, Hong Q, Liu H, Wu H, Lin J, Song Y, Chen Y, Liu T, Hu Q, Tan W, Lin H. Vertical distributions and potential sources of wintertime atmospheric pollutants and the corresponding ozone production on the coast of Bohai Sea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115721. [PMID: 35863306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the wintertime vertical distributions and source areas of aerosols, NO2, and HCHO in a coastal city of Dongying from December 2020 to March 2021, using ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and a potential source contribution function (PSCF) model, respectively. Moreover, the chemical production sensitivity of O3 at different height layers was analyzed using HCHO/NO2 ratios. The results revealed that the wintertime averaged highest concentrations of aerosol (1.25 km-1), NO2 (14.81 ppb), and HCHO (2.32 ppb) were mainly distributed at the surface layer, 100-200 m layer, and 200-300 m layer, respectively. Regarding the diurnal cycles, high concentrations of aerosol (>1.4 km-1) and NO2 (>16.0 ppb) usually appeared in the early morning and late afternoon, while high concentrations of HCHO (>2.5 ppb) usually occurred during 12:00-15:00. The PSCF model revealed that the wintertime aerosol mainly originated from Shandong, northern Jiangsu, Korea, and the northwestern Mongolian Plateau. Below 200 m, NO2 was mainly from western Shandong, whereas above 600 m, it was mainly from northern Shandong and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. The corresponding sources for HCHO were central and southern Shandong (below 200 m) and northern Shandong, northern Jiangsu, and southeastern BTH (above 600 m). In addition, the chemical production sensitivity of O3 below 100 m was observed only in the VOC-limited regime. The percentages of O3 production under the NOx-limited, NOx-VOC-limited, and VOC-limited regimes were 10.75% (31.18%), 4.30% (19.35%), and 84.95% (49.47%) at the 500-600 m (900-1000 m) layer. This study has guiding significance for the coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3, and can assist in the implementation of regional joint prevention and control strategies for air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Xing
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Qianqian Hong
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Hanyang Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jinan Lin
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yuhang Song
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qihou Hu
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Hua Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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22
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Hu J, Zhao T, Liu J, Cao L, Wang C, Li Y, Shi C, Tan C, Sun X, Shu Z, Li J. Exploring the ozone pollution over the western Sichuan Basin, Southwest China: The impact of diurnal change in mountain-plains solenoid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156264. [PMID: 35644388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Sichuan Basin (SCB), to the east of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), experiences severe ozone (O3) pollution. Unfavorable atmospheric diffusion conditions are considered the main causes of heavy air pollution over the basin. However, the meteorological impact of thermally driven mountain-plains solenoid (MPS) between the TP and SCB on O3 pollution has not been reported. Here we show the MPS driving the diurnal O3 changes in the atmospheric boundary layer over the SCB based on surface and high-resolution vertical observations, ERA5 reanalysis data, and the WRF-Chem model. The MPS shifts between upslope and easterly flows along the eastern slope of the TP and SCB during the day and downslope westerly flows to the western SCB at night. The daytime MPS flows drive the westward transport of O3-rich air mass in the atmospheric boundary layer from the polluted SCB and accumulate high O3 levels from the western edge of the SCB to the eastern slope of TP, subsequently aggravating O3 pollution in this region. After sunset, the MPS drainage flows carry air containing elevated O3 eastward downslope along the eastern slope of the TP into the nocturnal residual layer, enhancing the O3 concentrations aloft over the western SCB. The high-level O3 in the residual layer is transported downstream by nocturnal prevailing winds and contributes significantly to the next-day surface O3 buildup in the downwind region through daytime vertical mixing (~30 μg m-3 h-1). The present study reveals a transport mechanism driven by the MPS with coupling diurnal changes in the atmospheric boundary layer, which redistributes O3 over the basin and exacerbates O3 pollution along the western edge of the basin. This study has important implications for understanding meteorological drivers on atmospheric environment underlying the complex terrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Fujian Academy of Environmental Sciences, Fuzhou 350011, China; Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Jane Liu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process, Ministry of Education, College of Geographic Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G3, Canada
| | - Le Cao
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yueqing Li
- Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Chengchun Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Fujian Academy of Environmental Sciences, Fuzhou 350011, China
| | - Chenghao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyun Sun
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhuozhi Shu
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
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23
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Aerosol Characteristics during the COVID-19 Lockdown in China: Optical Properties, Vertical Distribution, and Potential Source. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14143336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The concentration changes of aerosols have attracted wide-ranging attention during the COVID-19 lockdown (CLD) period, but the studies involving aerosol optical properties (AOPs) are relatively insufficient, mainly AOD (fine-mode AOD (AODf) and coarse-mode AOD (AODc)), aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD), and aerosol extinction coefficient (AEC). Here, the remote-sensing observations, Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) products, backward-trajectory, and potential-source-contribution models are used to assess the impact of AOPs, vertical distribution, and possible sources on the atmosphere environment in North China Plain (NCP), Central China (CC), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Pearl River Delta (PRD), and Sichuan Basin (SB) during the CLD period. The results demonstrate that both AOD (MODIS) and near-surface AEC (CALIPSO, <2 km) decreased in most areas of China. Compared with previous years (average 2017–2019), the AOD (AEC) of NCP, CC, YRD, PRD, and SB reduced by 3.33% (10.76%), 14.36% (32.48%), 10.80% (29.64%), 31.44% (22.68%), and 15.50% (8.44%), respectively. In addition, MODIS (AODc) and MERRA-2 (AODc) decreased in the five study areas compared with previous years, so the reduction in dust activities also contributed to improving regional air quality during the epidemic. Despite the reduction of anthropogenic emissions (AODf) in most areas of China during the CLD periods, severe haze events (AODf > 0.6) still occurred in some areas. Compared to previous years, there were increases in BC, OC (MERRA-2), and national raw coal consumption during CLD. Therefore, emissions from some key sectors (raw coal heating, thermal power generation, and residential coal) did not decrease, and this may have increased AODf during the CLD. Based on backward -rajectory and potential source contribution models, the study area was mainly influenced by local anthropogenic emissions, but some areas were also influenced by northwestern dust, Southeast Asian biomass burning, and marine aerosol transport. This paper underscores the importance of emissions from the residential sector and thermal power plants for atmospheric pollution in China and suggests that these sources must be taken into account in developing pollution-mitigation plans.
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A BP Neural Network Algorithm for Multimedia Data Monitoring of Air Particulate Matter. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:6393877. [PMID: 35685170 PMCID: PMC9173920 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6393877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to study a BP neural network algorithm for air particulate matter data monitoring, firstly, the monitoring data collected by particle sensor using the light scattering method are proposed. Then, based on the improved BP neural network method, the mapping relationship between the actual measured value of the sensor, weather and other influencing factors, and the standard value of the monitoring station is established, and the calibration model of air particulate matter is realized. Finally, through theoretical analysis and experimental comparison, the results show that the model based on BP neural network algorithm has good accuracy and generalization ability in the evaluation of air particulate index, which makes it possible to scientifically and accurately refine the evaluation and management of urban air particulate index. The experimental results show that the air particle calibration model based on the light scattering method and improved BP neural network algorithm is practical and effective.
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Luo H, Tang X, Wu H, Kong L, Wu Q, Cao K, Song Y, Luo X, Wang Y, Zhu J, Wang Z. The Impact of the Numbers of Monitoring Stations on the National and Regional Air Quality Assessment in China During 2013-18. ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 2022; 39:1709-1720. [PMID: 35669259 PMCID: PMC9148413 DOI: 10.1007/s00376-022-1346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China national air quality monitoring network has become the core data source for air quality assessment and management in China. However, during network construction, the significant change in numbers of monitoring sites with time is easily ignored, which brings uncertainty to air quality assessments. This study aims to analyze the impact of change in numbers of stations on national and regional air quality assessments in China during 2013-18. The results indicate that the change in numbers of stations has different impacts on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone concentration assessments. The increasing number of sites makes the estimated national and regional PM2.5 concentration slightly lower by 0.6-2.2 µg m-3 and 1.4-6.0 µg m-3 respectively from 2013 to 2018. The main reason is that over time, the monitoring network expands from the urban centers to the suburban areas with low population densities and pollutant emissions. For ozone, the increasing number of stations affects the long-term trends of the estimated concentration, especially the national trends, which changed from a slight upward trend to a downward trend in 2014-15. Besides, the impact of the increasing number of sites on ozone assessment exhibits a seasonal difference at the 0.05 significance level in that the added sites make the estimated concentration higher in winter and lower in summer. These results suggest that the change in numbers of monitoring sites is an important uncertainty factor in national and regional air quality assessments, that needs to be considered in long-term concentration assessment, trend analysis, and trend driving force analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Luo
- LAPC & ICCES, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiao Tang
- LAPC & ICCES, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Huangjian Wu
- LAPC & ICCES, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Lei Kong
- LAPC & ICCES, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Qian Wu
- LAPC & ICCES, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Kai Cao
- LAPC & ICCES, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yating Song
- LAPC & ICCES, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xuechun Luo
- LAPC & ICCES, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yao Wang
- LAPC & ICCES, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- LAPC & ICCES, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zifa Wang
- LAPC & ICCES, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 China
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26
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The Extraordinary Trend of the Spatial Distribution of PM2.5 Concentration and Its Meteorological Causes in Sichuan Basin. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13060853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sichuan Basin is an area with some of the most serious PM2.5 pollution, and it is also a key area for joint prevention and control of air pollution in China. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of PM2.5 concentration in Sichuan Basin (SCB) and study the influence of meteorological conditions. In this study, the spatial disparity of PM2.5 concentration in SCB and its variation trend from 1 December 2015 to 30 November 2019 were analyzed. The results showed that the spatial disparity of SCB was decreasing and distinct variation trends of PM2.5 concentration were observed in different areas. The PM2.5 concentrations declined rapidly in the western and southern basin (most severely polluted areas), decreased at a slower rate in the central and eastern basin, but unexpectedly increased slightly in the northern and northeastern basin. From the perspective of relative spatial anomalies (RAs), the decreasing (increasing) trend of RAs of PM2.5 concentrations in the western and southern (northern and northeastern) parts of SCB were also prominent. The reduction in spatial disparity and the regionally extraordinary increasing trend could be partly explained by the variations in synoptic circulations. Specifically, the reasons for the decrease in wintertime spatial disparity and the increase in RAs in the northern basin were the reduction in synoptic pattern Type 2 (weak high-pressure system and uniform pressure fields) and Type 3 (high-pressure system to the north) and the growth of Type 6 (weak low-pressure system with high-pressure system to the north). In spring, the reasons were the reduction in Type 1 (weak low-pressure system) and Type 5 (weak low-pressure system to the southwest) and the growth of Type 2. The reduction in Type 2 and the growth in Type 4 (weak high-pressure system to the east) could explain the variation in PM2.5 distribution in autumn. This study showed the importance of implementing more precise and effective emission control measures, especially in relatively cleaner areas, in which the impacts of meteorological conditions might cause fluctuation (even rebounding) in the PM2.5 concentration.
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Guo Q, Wu D, Yu C, Wang T, Ji M, Wang X. Impacts of meteorological parameters on the occurrence of air pollution episodes in the Sichuan basin. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:308-321. [PMID: 35459494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Episodes of fine-particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution are a widespread and common occurrence in China, and have potentially serious implications for human health. Meteorological conditions play an important role in air quality and influence the formation of regional air pollution episodes. This study applied a new classification method and daily PM2.5 concentration data to (a) evaluate different levels of air pollution in the Sichuan-Chongqing region between 2015 and 2017, and (b) investigate their relationships with meteorological parameters including atmospheric boundary layer height, wind speed, temperature inversion, weather type, and atmospheric transport. We identified a total of 40 air pollution episodes, the most severe of which occurred in winter when the atmospheric layer height was low. These heavy pollution events also coincided with low surface (10 m) wind speeds and temperature inversions, weather conditions that generally result from low pressure over the northwestern Sichuan Basin (90-102° E, 28-36° N) and southerly atmospheric transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dongyou Wu
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunxue Yu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Tianshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mingxia Ji
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Chen Y, Zhang Q, Cai X, Zhang H, Lin H, Zheng C, Guo Z, Hu S, Chen L, Tao S, Liu M, Wang X. Rapid Increase in China's Industrial Ammonia Emissions: Evidence from Unit-Based Mapping. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3375-3385. [PMID: 35107276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is an important precursor of secondary inorganic aerosols and greatly impacts nitrogen deposition and acid rain. Previous studies have mainly focused on the agricultural NH3 emissions, while recent research has noted that industrial sources could be significant in China. However, detailed estimates of NH3 emitted from industrial sectors in China are lacking. Here, we established an unprecedented high-spatial-resolution data set of China's industrial NH3 emissions using up-to-date measurements of NH3 and point source-level information covering eight major industries and 27 subdivided process categories. We found that China emitted 798 (90% confidence interval: 668-933) gigagrams of industrial NH3 into the atmosphere in 2019, equivalent to 44 ± 20% of the industrial emissions worldwide; this flux is 3-fold larger than that in 1998 and has fluctuated since 2014. Furthermore, although fertilizer production is responsible for approximately half of the emissions in China, the emissions from cement production and coal-fired power plants increased dramatically from near zero to 164 and 41 gigagrams, respectively, in the past two decades, primarily due to the NH3 escape caused by the large-scale application of the denitration process. Our results reveal that, unlike other major air pollutants, China's industrial NH3 emission control is still in a critical period, and stricter NH3 emission standards and innovation in pollution control technologies are highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuang Chen
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Xingrui Cai
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huiming Lin
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chaoyue Zheng
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhanqiang Guo
- China Association of Circular Economy, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shanying Hu
- Center for Industrial Ecology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maodian Liu
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Wang S, Gao J, Guo L, Nie X, Xiao X. Meteorological Influences on Spatiotemporal Variation of PM 2.5 Concentrations in Atmospheric Pollution Transmission Channel Cities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1607. [PMID: 35162629 PMCID: PMC8834796 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of PM2.5 concentrations and identifying their associated meteorological factors can provide useful insight for implementing air pollution interventions. In this study, we used daily air quality monitoring data for 28 air pollution transmission channel cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during 2014-2019 to quantify the relative contributions of meteorological factors on spatiotemporal variation in PM2.5 concentration by combining time series and spatial perspectives. The results show that annual mean PM2.5 concentration significantly decreased in 24 of the channel cities from 2014 to 2019, but they all still exceeded the Grade II Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards (35 μg m-3) in 2019. PM2.5 concentrations exhibited clear spatial agglomeration in the most polluted season, and their spatial pattern changed slightly over time. Meteorological variables accounted for 31.96% of the temporal variation in PM2.5 concentration among the 28 cities during the study period, with minimum temperature and average relative humidity as the most critical factors. Spatially, atmospheric pressure and maximum temperature played a key role in the distribution of PM2.5 concentration in spring and summer, whereas the effect of sunshine hours increased greatly in autumn and winter. These findings highlight the importance of future clean air policy making, but also provide a theoretical support for precise forecasting and prevention of PM2.5 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxian Wang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China;
| | - Jiangbo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Rd., Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Linghui Guo
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China;
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China;
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Earth Observation and Modeling, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA;
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Jiang W, Chen H, Liao J, Yang X, Yang B, Zhang Y, Pan X, Lian L, Yang L. The short-term effects and burden of particle air pollution on hospitalization for coronary heart disease: a time-stratified case-crossover study in Sichuan, China. Environ Health 2022; 21:19. [PMID: 35045878 PMCID: PMC8767695 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD), the leading cause of death globally, might be developed or exacerbated by air pollution, resulting high burden to patients. To date, limited studies have estimated the relations between short-term exposure to air pollution and CHD disease burden in China, with inconsistent results. Hence, we aimed to estimate the short-term impact and burden of ambient PM pollutants on hospitalizations of CHD and specific CHD. METHODS PM10 and PM2.5 were measured at 82 monitoring stations in 9 cities in Sichuan Province, China during 2017-2018. Based on the time-stratified case-crossover design, the effects of short-term exposure to particle matter (PM) pollution on coronary heart disease (CHD) hospital admissions were estimated. Meanwhile, the linked burden of CHD owing to ambient PM pollution were estimated. RESULTS A total of 104,779 CHD records were derived from 153 hospitals from these 9 cities. There were significant effects of PM pollution on hospital admissions (HAs) for CHD and specific CHD in Sichuan Province. A 10 μg/m3 increase of PM10 and PM2.5 was linked with a 0.46% (95% CI: 0.08, 0.84%), and 0.57% (95% CI: 0.05, 1.09%) increments in HAs for CHD at lag7, respectively. The health effects of air pollutants were comparable modified by age, season and gender, showing old (≥ 65 years) and in cold season being more vulnerable to the effects of ambient air pollution, while gender-specific effects is positive but not conclusive. Involving the WHO's air quality guidelines as the reference, 1784 and 2847 total cases of HAs for CHD could be attributable to PM10 and PM2.5, separately. The total medical cost that could be attributable to exceeding PM10 and PM2.5 were 42.04 and 67.25 million CNY from 2017 to 2018, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that the short-term exposure to air pollutants were associated with increased HAs for CHD in Sichuan Province, which could be implications for local environment improvement and policy reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyanhan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 17 People's South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Biao Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Pan
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Lulu Lian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Lian Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
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Research on the Growth Mechanism of PM2.5 in Central and Eastern China during Autumn and Winter from 2013–2020. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Haze is a majorly disastrous type of weather in China, especially central and eastern of China. The development of haze is mainly caused by highly concentrated fine particles (PM2.5) on a regional scale. Here, we present the results from an autumn and winter study conducted from 2013 to 2020 in seven highly polluted areas (27 representative stations) in central and eastern China to analyze the growth mechanism of PM2.5. At the same time, taking Beijing Station as an example, the characteristics of aerosol composition and particle size in the growth phase are analyzed. Taking into account the regional and inter-annual differences of fine particles (PM2.5) distribution, the local average PM2.5 growth value of the year is used as the boundary value for dividing slow, rapid, and explosive growth (only focuses on the hourly growth rate greater than 0). The average value of PM2.5 in the autumn and winter of each regional representative station shows a decreasing trend as a whole, especially after 2017, whereby the decreasing trend was significant. The distribution value of +ΔPM2.5 (PM2.5 hourly growth rate) in the north of the Huai River is lower than that in the south of the Huai River, and both of the +ΔPM2.5 after 2017 showed a significant decreasing trend. The average PM2.5 threshold before the explosive growth is 70.8 µg m−3, and the threshold that is extremely prone to explosive growth is 156 µg m−3 to 277 µg m−3 in north of the Huai River. For the area south of the Huai River, the threshold for PM2.5 explosive growth is relatively low, as a more stringent threshold also puts forward stricter requirements on atmospheric environmental governance. For example, in Beijing, the peak diameters gradually shift to larger sizes when the growth rate increases. The number concentration increasing mainly distributed in Aitken mode (AIM) and Accumulation mode (ACM) during explosive growth. Among the various components of submicron particulate matter (PM1), organic aerosol (OA), especially primary OA (POA), have become one of the most critical components for the PM2.5 explosive growth in Beijing. During the growth period, the contribution of secondary particulate matter (SPM) to the accumulated pollutants is significantly higher than that of primary particulate matter (PPM). However, the proportion of SPM gradually decreases when the growth rate increases. The contribution of the PPM can reach 48% in explosive growth. Compared to slow and rapid growth, explosive growth mainly occurs in the stable atmosphere of higher humidity, lower pressure, lower temperature, small winds, and low mixed layers.
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Xie Y, Cheng C, Wang Z, Wang K, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li X, Ren L, Liu M, Li M. Exploration of O 3-precursor relationship and observation-oriented O 3 control strategies in a non-provincial capital city, southwestern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149422. [PMID: 34426320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To investigate photochemical ozone (O3) formation and provide localized control strategies, an intensive sampling of O3 and its precursors (i.e. volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2)) were conducted at an urban site in Leshan, Sichuan province during 4-13 August 2019. The mixing ratios of O3, total VOCs (TVOCs) and NOx were 40.0 ± 5.3, 22.5 ± 2.6 and 14.6 ± 3.8 ppbv, respectively (±95% confidence intervals). O3 and its precursors existed a well negative correlation, indicating intensive local O3 formation. To further explore the O3-precursors relationship and observation-oriented O3 control strategies, a photochemical box model coupled with master chemical mechanism (PBM-MCM) was adapted. The relative incremental reactivity (RIR) calculated by model results showed that Leshan was in the VOCs-limited and O3 production was most sensitive to alkenes. Moreover, O3 isopleth diagram was drawn using the PBM-MCM simulation results and seven reduction scenarios were evaluated in Leshan. The reduction ratio of VOCs/NOx on 3:1 was proposed to be the best solution, which can be achieved effective reduction on local O3 formation. At last, since VOCs were the key precursors of O3 in Leshan, VOC sources and their potential contributions to O3 formation were investigated by using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. Seven sources were identified, and traffic related emissions (including vehicle exhaust and gasoline evaporation, 29.9%) and fixed combustion (27.7%) had the large contribution to ambient VOCs. Among anthropogenic sources, fixed combustion and solvent usage in painting were the large contributors to O3 formation, accounting for 30.9% and 18.3%, respectively, which should have high priorities on source reduction. This study provides scientific advices for future O3 pollution control strategies in Leshan, which can be extended to other cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Xie
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zaihua Wang
- Institute of Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xichang Zhang
- Sichuan Leshan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station, Leshan 614000, China; Bureau of Ecology Environment of Leshan, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Xingheng Li
- Bureau of Ecology Environment of Leshan, Leshan 614000, China; Leshan Institute of Environmental Science, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Lijun Ren
- Bureau of Ecology Environment of Leshan, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Company Limited, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Zhou Z, Tan Q, Deng Y, Lu C, Song D, Zhou X, Zhang X, Jiang X. Source profiles and reactivity of volatile organic compounds from anthropogenic sources of a megacity in southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148149. [PMID: 34380266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from anthropogenic sources are deleterious to air quality, climate, human health and vegetation. However, research on VOCs source profiles of the non-solvent use in some industries and the emission characteristics of motor vehicles under actual road conditions is limited in China. In this research, VOCs source profiles of industries (wood-based panel manufacturing and pharmacy) based on all product processes were constructed, and those of light and medium duty vehicles exhaust based on actual road conditions at different speeds were acquired in Chengdu, a megacity in southwest China. The results show that VOCs groups of various sources were dominated by oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), which accounted for 27-84% of the total VOCs emission. Due to the great contribution of OVOCs to industrial source reactivity (SR), attention should be paid to the control over the emissions of the species with high reactivity, such as aromatics and alkenes, but also to the production processes with relatively large proportions of OVOCs species emission. VOCs emissions from gasoline and diesel vehicles running at a speed ranging from 0 to 40 km/h have approximately the same ozone formation potential (OFP), while the contribution of VOCs emission from diesel vehicles to the formation of urban ozone pollution deserves further attention. It is found that VOCs emission characteristics of some industries in China have changed as the upgrading of production processes in automobile manufacturing and other industries, such as the extensive use of water-based coatings instead of outdated solvent-based coatings, which increased the uncertainty of judgment parameters (B/T ratio, etc.) in source apportionment research. The ranges of B/T ratio of industrial process sources, solvent use sources and motor vehicles are 0.00-0.23, 0.01-0.75 and 0.35-0.92, respectively. Therefore, updating existing source profiles and further understanding the emission constitutions of characteristic species in these source profiles (such as BTEX ratio) will be conducive to further research on emission inventory, source apportionment for O3 pollution control effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Zhou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qinwen Tan
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Chengwei Lu
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Danlin Song
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Characteristics of Particulate Matter at Different Pollution Levels in Chengdu, Southwest of China. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12080990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is becoming increasingly serious along with social and economic development in the southwest of China. The distribution characteristics of particle matter (PM) were studied in Chengdu from 2016 to 2017, and the changes of PM bearing water-soluble ions and heavy metals and the distribution of secondary ions were analyzed during the haze episode. The results showed that at different pollution levels, heavy metals were more likely to be enriched in fine particles and may be used as a tracer of primary pollution sources. The water-soluble ions in PM2.5 were mainly Sulfate-Nitrate-Ammonium (SNA) accounting for 43.02%, 24.23%, 23.50%, respectively. SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ in PM10 accounted for 34.56%, 27.43%, 19.18%, respectively. It was mainly SO42− in PM at Clean levels (PM2.5 = 0~75 μg/m3, PM10 = 0~150 μg/m3), and mainly NH4+ and NO3− at Light-Medium levels (PM2.5 = 75~150 μg/m3, PM10 = 150~350 μg/m3). At Heavy levels (PM2.5 = 150~250 μg/m3, PM10 = 350~420 μg/m3), it is mainly SO42− in PM2.5, and mainly NH4+ and NO3− in PM10. The contribution of mobile sources to the formation of haze in the study area was significant. SNA had significant contributions to the PM during the haze episode, and more attention should be paid to them in order to improve air quality.
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Pizarro J, Vergara PM, Cerda S, Cordero RR, Castillo X, Rowe PM, Casassa G, Carrasco J, Damiani A, Llanillo PJ, Lambert F, Rondanelli R, Huneeus N, Fernandoy F, Alfonso J, Neshyba S. Contaminant emissions as indicators of chemical elements in the snow along a latitudinal gradient in southern Andes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14530. [PMID: 34267297 PMCID: PMC8282802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of snow provides insights on atmospheric transport of anthropogenic contaminants at different spatial scales. In this study, we assess how human activities influence the concentration of elements in the Andean mountain snow along a latitudinal transect throughout Chile. The concentration of seven elements (Al, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn and Zn) was associated to gaseous and particulate contaminants emitted at different spatial scales. Our results indicate carbon monoxide (CO) averaged at 20 km and nitrogen oxide (NOx) at 40 km as the main indicators of the chemical elements analyzed. CO was found to be a significant predictor of most element concentrations while concentrations of Cu, Mn, Mg and Zn were positively associated to emissions of NOx. Emission of 2.5 μm and 10 μm particulate matter averaged at different spatial scales was positively associated to concentration of Li. Finally, the concentration of Zn was positively associated to volatile organic compounds (VOC) averaged at 40 km around sampling sites. The association between air contaminants and chemical composition of snow suggests that regions with intensive anthropogenic pollution face reduced quality of freshwater originated from glacier and snow melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Pizarro
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Sergio Cerda
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl R Cordero
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Penny M Rowe
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.,NorthWest Research Associates, Redmond, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Alessandro Damiani
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.,Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Fabrice Lambert
- Department of Physical Geography, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Rondanelli
- Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Climate and Resilience Research CR2, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Huneeus
- Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Climate and Resilience Research CR2, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Alfonso
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Carretera Panamericana, Km 11, Altos de Pipe, Venezuela
| | - Steven Neshyba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA
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Velásquez Ciro D, Cañón Barriga JE, Hoyos Rincón IC. The removal of PM 2.5 by trees in tropical Andean metropolitan areas: an assessment of environmental change scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:396. [PMID: 34105029 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metropolitan areas in Andean industrialized valleys with a strong geomorphological structure and a pronounced climate experience an increasing degradation of air quality, which motivates environmental policies that include the expansion of tree coverage in urban areas among the mitigation measures. Using the metropolitan area of the Aburrá Valley, Colombia, as a study case, we evaluate the removal of PM2.5 by urban trees with the Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) methodology, considering the potential effect of changing tree covers in the valley for several projected meteorological conditions under climate change and different urban management practices. The estimated removals are sensitive to the number and distribution of available ground stations, with a tendency to overestimate with fewer stations. We found that the marginal gains in removal by additional tree plantings are low in the urbanized settings. In the environmental scenarios, the main limiting factor in the removal is precipitation, compared to changes in tree cover and levels of pollution. Spatially, the increase in total removal depends on the increase in tree cover, with more benefits obtained when trees are in areas with high concentrations of PM2.5. Trees with low values of leaf area index (LAI) seem to optimize the effectiveness of the removal. Seasonally, the greatest removal occurs in rainy months when pollution levels are the highest. Based on our results, the scenarios that meet the plans and programs aimed at improving air quality would achieve removal effectiveness of around 2.5% of the total emissions of PM2.5 with urban trees. Air quality would achieve removal effectiveness of around 2.5% of the total emissions of PM2.5 with urban trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel Cristina Hoyos Rincón
- Grupo de Física Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnologías, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
- Grupo de Fundamentos y Enseñanza de la Física y los Sistemas Dinámicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Li Z, Lei L, Li Y, Chen C, Wang Q, Zhou W, Sun J, Xie C, Sun Y. Aerosol characterization in a city in central China plain and implications for emission control. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 104:242-252. [PMID: 33985727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies on aerosol chemistry have been carried out in megacities in China, however, aerosol characterization in Central China Plain (CCP) is limited. Here we conducted real-time measurements of fine particle composition with a time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor in Kaifeng, Henan province in October 2019. Our results showed that nitrate and organics constituted the major fraction of non-refractory PM2.5 for the entire study, on average accounting for 34% and 33%, respectively. However, aerosol composition was substantially different among four periods due to different meteorological conditions and chemical processing. For instance, nitrate presented the lowest contribution during the first period due to evaporative loss associated with high temperature (T), and then rapidly increased during polluted periods as a function of relative humidity (RH). Positive matrix factorization analysis showed the dominance of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in OA, and also the changes in OA composition under different T and RH levels. In addition, this study is unique with two periods of local emission controls. Back trajectory and coefficient of divergence analysis showed that air pollution in CCP was overall homogeneously distributed. As a result, the effectiveness of local emission controls in this region was strongly affected by meteorological conditions and regional transport. We found that one of the periods with emission control even showed the highest concentrations for the entire study. Our results point towards the limited effect of local emission controls in mitigating air pollution in CCP, and highlight the importance of joint emission controls under unfavorable meteorological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Conghui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Sulforaphane attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation induced by fine particulate matter in human bronchial epithelial cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Qiao X, Liu L, Yang C, Yuan Y, Zhang M, Guo H, Tang Y, Ying Q, Zhu S, Zhang H. Responses of fine particulate matter and ozone to local emission reductions in the Sichuan Basin, southwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116793. [PMID: 33640820 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Sichuan Basin (SCB) in southwestern China is largely affected by air pollution. Understanding the responses of air pollutant concentrations to emission changes is critical for designing and evaluating effective control strategies. Thus, this study used the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate PM2.5 (i.e., particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) in winter (January 2015) and ozone (O3) in summer (July 2015) under nine emission reduction scenarios. For each scenario, the anthropogenic emissions of each air pollutant in each SCB grid cell were reduced by the same percentage, ranging from 10% to 90%. We found that approximately 30-70% emission reductions are required to reduce the January mean PM2.5 concentrations in all the SCB urban centers to a value that is less than the Chinese standard for daily mean PM2.5 (24-h PM2.5: 75 μg m-3). However, the January mean PM2.5 concentrations under 90% emission reduction still exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline (25 μg m-3) in 16 SCB urban centers. Moreover, reducing both SCB and non-SCB emissions were critical for achieving the PM2.5 level recommended by WHO. An 80% emission reduction was required to prevent the occurrence of 8-h O3 (i.e., daily maximum 8-h mean O3) non-attainment days in all SCB urban centers. Under 90% emission reduction, July mean 8-h O3 concentrations still exceeded the WHO guideline of 47 ppb in approximately 35% of the SCB areas. In conclusion, this study suggests that (1) compared with the governmental emission reduction targets for 2015-2020 (2-27%), more significant emission reductions are required to meet the Chinese and WHO pollution standards; and (2) both SCB and non-SCB emissions must significantly reduce to achieve the desired pollution targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiao
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section One, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610065, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chun Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yanping Yuan
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section One, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Ya Tang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qi Ying
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shengqiang Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Li X, Hussain SA, Sobri S, Md Said MS. Overviewing the air quality models on air pollution in Sichuan Basin, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129502. [PMID: 33465622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most developing countries in the world face the common challenges of reducing air pollution and advancing the process of sustainable development, especially in China. Air pollution research is a complex system and one of the main methods is through numerical simulation. The air quality model is an important technical method, it allows researchers to better analyze air pollutants in different regions. In addition, the SCB is a high-humidity and foggy area, and the concentration of atmospheric pollutants is always high. However, research on this region, one of the four most polluted regions in China, is still lacking. Reviewing the application of air quality models in the SCB air pollution has not been reported thoroughly. To fill these gaps, this review provides a comprehensive narration about i) The status of air pollution in SCB; ii) The application of air quality models in SCB; iii) The problems and application prospects of air quality models in the research of air pollution. This paper may provide a theoretical reference for the prevention and control of air pollution in the SCB and other heavily polluted areas in China and give some1inspirations for air pollution forecast in other countries with complex terrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aslina Hussain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shafreeza Sobri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Syazarudin Md Said
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hu Y, Wang S. Associations between winter atmospheric teleconnections in drought and haze pollution over Southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:142599. [PMID: 33109364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the early 21st century, Southwest China (SWC) frequently experienced extreme droughts and severe haze pollution events. Although the meteorological causes of these extreme droughts have been widely investigated, previous studies have yet to understand the causes of haze pollution events over SWC. Moreover, the associations between winter atmospheric teleconnections during drought and haze pollution event across SWC has received negligible attention and therefore warrants investigation. This study examines the associations between the atmospheric teleconnections with respect to winter droughts and winter haze pollution over SWC. Our main conclusions are as follows. (1) Winter precipitation and winter haze days (WHD) over SWC had three major fluctuations from 1959 to 2016. (2) The atmospheric circulation pattern over the Eurasian (EU) continent associated with WHD over SWC resembled that of winter droughts over SWC, where both can be characterized by an EU teleconnection pattern. The Arctic Oscillation (AO) mainly induced the atmospheric circulation pattern over the EU continent that is associated with WHD over SWC. (3) The sea surface temperature (SST) and low circulation anomalies in the Pacific and north Atlantic associated with WHD were similar to those associated with winter droughts over SWC. La Niña events and negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) may induce winter drought and increase the WHD over SWC. (4) Compared with winter drought over SWC, the variation in the WHD was more complex and the factors affecting WHD were more diverse, and winter drought and its related atmospheric circulations were important factors that induced haze pollution over SWC. Overall, this study not only fills a gap in the literature with respect to the associations between the atmospheric teleconnections of winter drought and winter haze pollution over SWC, but also provides an important scientific basis for the development of potential predictions of local monthly haze pollution, which improves the forecast accuracy of local short-term haze pollution and enriches the theoretical understanding of the meteorological causes of local haze pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shigong Wang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China; Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster in Gansu Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Pu X, Wang L, Chen L, Pan J, Tang L, Wen J, Qiu H. Differential effects of size-specific particulate matter on lower respiratory infections in children: A multi-city time-series analysis in Sichuan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110581. [PMID: 33309823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence on the short-term effects of size-specific particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), ≤10 μm (PM10), and their difference (PMC) on children's Lower Respiratory Infections (LRI) is scare. This study aimed to estimate the differential effects of three size-specific PM on hospitalizations of children aged <18 years for pneumonia and bronchitis in 18 cities of southwestern China. The city-specific association was firstly estimated using the over-dispersed generalized additive model and then combined to obtain the regional average association. Further, to evaluate the robustness of the key findings, subgroup analyses and co-pollutant models were constructed. PM-related risks of LRI differed by PM fractions and cause-specific LRI. A 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5_lag03, PM10_lag06, and PMC_lag06 was associated with a 0.79% (95% CI: 0.29%, 1.29%), 0.77% (95% CI: 0.13%, 1.41%), and 2.33% (95% CI: 1.23%, 3.44%) increase in children's LRI hospitalizations, respectively. After adjustment for gaseous pollutants, adverse effects of the three types of size-specific PM on pneumonia hospitalizations were stable, ranging from 0.29% (95% CI: 0.05%, 0.54%) for PM2.5-2.50% (95% CI: 1.38%, 3.64%) for PMC. Additionally, PMC-related risk of bronchitis hospitalizations remained stable after adjustment for gaseous pollutants. Associations of pneumonia with PMC and PM10 in infants, bronchitis with PM2.5 in children aged 6-17 years, pneumonia and bronchitis with PM2.5, PMC, and PM10 in children aged 1-5 years were all statistical significant. Specifically, the effects of PM2.5 on LRI hospitalizations increased by age, with the highest effect of 1.72% (95%CI: 1.01%, 2.43%) in children aged 6-17 years. Our study provided evidence for short-term effects of different PM fractions on children LRI hospitalizations in Southwestern China, which will be useful for making and promoting policies on air quality standards in order to protect children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Pu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lina Chen
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Pan
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Glasgow College, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Guo B, Wang X, Pei L, Su Y, Zhang D, Wang Y. Identifying the spatiotemporal dynamic of PM 2.5 concentrations at multiple scales using geographically and temporally weighted regression model across China during 2015-2018. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141765. [PMID: 32882558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is closely related to the air quality and public health. Numerous models have been introduced to simulate the PM2.5 concentrations at large scale based on remote sensing and auxiliary data. However, the data precision provided by these models are inadequate for epidemiology and pollutant exposure studies at medium or small scale. The present study aims to calibrate PM2.5 concentrations at 1 km resolution scale across China during 2015-2018 based on monitoring station data and auxiliary data using a novel geographically and temporally weighted regression model (GTWR). The cross-validation (CV) method and the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model are conducted for validation and cross-comparison. Additionally, the spatial autocorrelation and slope analysis methods are implemented to detect the spatiotemporal dynamic of PM2.5 concentrations. A sample-based CV of the GTWR model demonstrates an acceptable precision with a coefficient of determination equal to 0.67, a root-mean-square error of 10.32 μg/m3, and a mean prediction error of-6.56 μg/m3. This result proves that the GTWR model can simulate PM2.5 concentrations at a higher spatial resolution and accuracy across China than some previous models. Besides, the heterogeneity and spatiotemporal dynamic of PM2.5 concentrations are obvious, that is, the High-High (H-H) agglomeration areas with strong haze pollution were mainly concentrated in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Chengdu-Chongqing (CY), and Guanzhong Plain (GZP). In addition, the PM2.5 concentrations are undergoing a decreasing trend in most of the study area, and the decrease in the BTH is dramatic. The results of the present study are helpful for calibrating and detecting the spatiotemporal dynamic of PM2.5 concentrations and useful for the government to make decisions about decreasing haze pollution in urban agglomeration scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Pei
- School of Public Health, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Su
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingming Zhang
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
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Exploring the relationship between air pollution and meteorological conditions in China under environmental governance. Sci Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71338-7 10.1038/s41598-020-71338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExtensive studies have been carried out on the impact of human activities on air pollution, but systematic investigation on the relationship between air pollutant and meteorological conditions is still insufficient, especially in the context of China’s site scale and recent comprehensive environmental pollution control. Here, we used a spatial interpolation technology to establish a set of data sets of pollutants and meteorological elements that are spatially matched at 896 stations in China to reveal the air pollutant-meteorological interactions between 2014 and 2019. We found that air pollution and meteorological elements have obvious seasonal and regional characteristics. Over the last few years, the concentration of most air pollutants in China has dropped significantly except for O3. The increase in O3 concentration was closely related to the decrease of particulate matter and NO2 concentration. The concentration of most air pollutants was affected by meteorological conditions, but the level of impact depended on the type of pollutants and varied across regions. The concentration of air pollutants at most stations was significantly negatively correlated with wind speed, precipitation and relative humidity, but positively correlated with atmospheric pressure. As the latitude increases, the impact of temperature on the concentration of air pollutants becomes more obvious. To effectively control air pollution, it is further urgent to reveal the relationship between air pollution and meteorological conditions based on long-term daily or real-time data.
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Contribution of Regional PM2.5 Transport to Air Pollution Enhanced by Sub-Basin Topography: A Modeling Case over Central China. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Twain-Hu basin (THB), covering the lower plain of Hubei and Hunan provinces in Central China, has experienced severe air pollution in recent years. However, the terrain effects of such sub-basin on air quality over the THB have been incomprehensibly understood. A heavy PM2.5 pollution event occurred over the THB during 4–10 January 2019. By using the observations and WRF-Chem simulations, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of sub-basin effects on the air pollution with several sensitivity experiments. Observationally, air pollution in the western THB urban area with an average PM2.5 concentration of 189.8 μg m−3, which was more serious than the eastern urban area with the average PM2.5 concentration of 106.3 μg m−3, reflecting a different influence of topography on air pollution over the THB. Simulation results revealed that the terrain effect can contribute 12.0% to increasing the PM2.5 concentrations in the western THB, but slightly mitigate the pollution extent in the eastern THB with the contribution of −4.6% to PM2.5 during the heavy pollution episode. In particular, the sub-basin terrain was conducive to the accumulation of PM2.5 by regional transport with the contribution of 39.1 %, and contrarily lowered its local pollution by −57.0% via the enhanced atmospheric boundary layer height and ventilation coefficients. Given a heavy air pollution episode occurring over the THB, such inverse contribution of terrain effects reflected a unique importance of sub-basin topography in regional transport of air pollutants for air pollution in central China.
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He H, Zeng Y, Wang X, Yang L, Zhang M, An Z. Meteorological Condition and Air Pollution Exposure Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study in China. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2317-2324. [PMID: 33154683 PMCID: PMC7605970 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s273145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the status of Vitamin D deficiency and the effect of environmental factors on Vitamin D levels so as to provide theoretical support for public health promotion in this region. Methods A total of 22,387 subjects who underwent a physical examination at the center in the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between April, 2018 and May, 2020 were enrolled in this study. Their data on gender, age, inspection date, serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH) D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and total calcium were retrospectively reviewed. Next, the percentage of Vitamin D status was compared in different sex and age groups, and the fluctuation of Vitamin D level was described in relation to the change of environment. Finally, the univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to explore the risk and protective factors of Vitamin D deficiency. Results The proportion of Vitamin D deficiency in this area was 42.17%, and it was significantly higher among women and young people. The fluctuation trend of 25-(OH) D levels are consistent with temperature and solar radiation, and opposite to air quality, in the whole year. There was a positive relationship between 25-(OH) D levels with temperature and solar radiation; however, parathyroid hormone, female and AQI were negatively correlated with Vitamin D levels. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is common in subtropic areas, such as Sichuan Basin, which is related to solar radiation and air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- He He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidan Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Zhou Y, Shao Y, Yuan Y, Liu J, Zou X, Bai P, Zhan M, Zhang P, Vlaanderen J, Vermeulen R, Downward GS. Personal black carbon and ultrafine particles exposures among high school students in urban China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114825. [PMID: 32474339 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major public health challenge in the highly urbanized megacities of China. However, knowledge on exposure to ambient unregulated air pollutants such as black carbon (BC) and ultrafine particles (UFP) among the Chinese population, especially among urban high school students who may have highly variable time-activity patterns, is scarce. To address this, the personal exposures to BC and UFP of high school students (aged 17 to 18) in Chengdu, China were measured at 1-min intervals via portable samplers. Monitoring lasted for 2 consecutive 24-h periods with days classified as "school days" or "non-school days". Time-activity diaries and measurements were combined to explore spatial, temporal, and behavioral factors that contribute to different exposure profiles. The overall geometric means of BC and UFP were 3.60 μg/m3 and 1.83 × 104p/cm3, respectively with notable spatiotemporal variation in exposures observed. In general, the household and transport microenvironments were the predominant contributors to total BC (74.5%) and UFP (36.5%) exposure. However, the outdoor public microenvironment was found to have significantly higher overall average levels of BC than the household and transport microenvironments (p < 0.001) while also presenting the greatest exposure dose intensity (EDI - a measure of exposure in a microenvironment in proportion to time spent in that environment) of 4.79. The largest overall average level of UFP occurred in the indoor public microenvironment followed by transport. The outdoor public microenvironment also presented the greatest EDI of UFP (4.17). This study shows notable spatiotemporal variety in exposure patterns and will inform future exposure and population health studies. The high EDI outdoors may mean that health positive activities, such as exercise, may be being undermined by ambient pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and Chemistry, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yijun Shao
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and Chemistry, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Inspection, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Chengdu Shude High School, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiaoli Zou
- Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Pinqing Bai
- Pudong New Area for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Pudong New Area for Disease Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Centers for Water and Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and Chemistry, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CM, Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CM, Netherlands
| | - George S Downward
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CM, Netherlands.
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48
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Exploring the relationship between air pollution and meteorological conditions in China under environmental governance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14518. [PMID: 32883992 PMCID: PMC7471117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies have been carried out on the impact of human activities on air pollution, but systematic investigation on the relationship between air pollutant and meteorological conditions is still insufficient, especially in the context of China’s site scale and recent comprehensive environmental pollution control. Here, we used a spatial interpolation technology to establish a set of data sets of pollutants and meteorological elements that are spatially matched at 896 stations in China to reveal the air pollutant-meteorological interactions between 2014 and 2019. We found that air pollution and meteorological elements have obvious seasonal and regional characteristics. Over the last few years, the concentration of most air pollutants in China has dropped significantly except for O3. The increase in O3 concentration was closely related to the decrease of particulate matter and NO2 concentration. The concentration of most air pollutants was affected by meteorological conditions, but the level of impact depended on the type of pollutants and varied across regions. The concentration of air pollutants at most stations was significantly negatively correlated with wind speed, precipitation and relative humidity, but positively correlated with atmospheric pressure. As the latitude increases, the impact of temperature on the concentration of air pollutants becomes more obvious. To effectively control air pollution, it is further urgent to reveal the relationship between air pollution and meteorological conditions based on long-term daily or real-time data.
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49
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Zhang P, Zhou X. Health and economic impacts of particulate matter pollution on hospital admissions for mental disorders in Chengdu, Southwestern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139114. [PMID: 32447079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The evidence for adverse effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution on mental disorders (MDs) is limited, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to quantify both PM related health impacts and corresponding economic loses for overall and specific MDs in southwestern China. Data regarding 134,292 hospital admissions for MDs were collected from local Compulsory Medical Insurance Database in 2013-2017. A generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to estimate the exposure-response effects of PM pollution on hospital admissions for MDs. And the cost of illness method (COI) was adopted to further assess corresponding hospitalization costs and productivity loses. It was showed that PM pollution was significantly related to hospital admissions for overall and specific MDs. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in concentrations of PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameters ≤10 μm), PM2.5 (≤ 2.5 μm) and PMc (2.5 μm < c < 10 μm) at the cumulative lag03 day would be responsible for 3.25% (95%CI: 2.34-4.16%), 6.38% (95%CI: 4.79-7.97%), and 3.81% (95%CI: 2.13-5.50%) increments in daily hospital admissions for MDs, respectively. Stronger associations were observed in males, cool season and people over 45 years. During the study period, PM pollution brought 1453.18 million Yuan economic losses for overall MDs, accounting for 0.026% of local GDP. This study suggested that short-term exposure to PM pollution, especially to PM2.5, was associated with increased hospital admissions for MDs in southwestern China. In addition, potential benefits of lowering PM concentrations are considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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50
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Wang P, Qiao X, Zhang H. Modeling PM 2.5 and O 3 with aerosol feedbacks using WRF/Chem over the Sichuan Basin, southwestern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126735. [PMID: 32325353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
With a large population and fast economic growth, the Sichuan Basin (SCB) has been suffering from air pollution in recent years. However, limited studies have estimated air pollution levels in consideration of the feedbacks of aerosols on meteorology in the SCB. In this study, simulation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) over the SCB with a horizontal resolution of 36 km over China and 12 km was conducted for summer (July) and winter (January) in 2015 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF/Chem). The model well captured the variations of PM2.5 and daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) O3 in the 18 cities, especially O3 in July and PM2.5 in January. From rim to center, averaged PM2.5 increased from 40 μg/m3 to 100 μg/m3 in January while averaged O3 ranged from 60 to 90 ppb in July. Aerosol radiation decreased surface temperature by 1-2 °C, wind speed (WS) by ∼ 0.3 m/s, planetary boundary layer (PBL) height by 10-20%, solar radiation (SR) by ∼30%, and precipitation by 0.02-0.2 mm, while increased relative humidity (RH) by up to 2-4% in January, which resulted in up to 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 in January and 2 ppb decrease of O3 in July. The effect increased as the increase of PM2.5 concentration and can be up to 18% in January and 25% in July. This study highlights the importance of considering meteorology feedbacks in understanding and controlling air pollution in the SCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Xue Qiao
- Institute of New Energy and Low-carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA; Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), Shanghai, 200062, China.
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