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Lui KH, Zhang T, Man CL, Chan CS, Ho SSH, Qu L, Kwok HHL, Kwok TCY, Ho KF. Personal exposure monitoring of fine and coarse particulate matter using exposure assessment models for elderly residents in Hong Kong. Chemosphere 2024; 357:141975. [PMID: 38615960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the determinants of personal exposures (PE) to coarse (PM2.5-10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for elderly communities in Hong Kong. The mean PE PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were 23.6 ± 10.8 and 13.5 ± 22.1 μg/m3, respectively during the sampling period. Approximately 76% of study subjects presented statistically significant differences between PE and ambient origin for PM2.5 compared to approximately 56% for PM2.5-10, possibly due to the coarse-size particles being more influenced by similar sources (road dust and construction dust emissions) compared to the PM2.5 particles. Individual PE to ambient (P/A) ratios for PM2.5 all exceeded unity (≥1), suggesting the dominant influences of non-ambient particles contributed towards total PE values. There were about 80% individual P/A ratios (≤1) for PM2.5-10, implying possible effective infiltration prevention of larger size particulate matter particles leading to dominant influences from the outdoor sources. The higher concentration of NO3- and SO42- in PM2.5-10 compared to PM2.5 suggests possible heterogeneous reactions of alkaline minerals leading to the formation of NO3- and SO42- in PM2.5-10 particles. The PE and ambient OC/EC ratios in PM2.5 (8.8 ± 3.3 and 10.4 ± 22.4, respectively) and in PM2.5-10 (6.0 ± 1.9 and 3.0 ± 1.1, respectively) suggest possible secondary formed OC from surrounding rural areas. Heterogeneous distributions (COD >0.2) between the PE and ambient concentrations were found for both the PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 samples. The calibration coefficient as the association between personal and surrogate exposure measure of PE to PM2.5 (0.84) was higher than PM2.5-10 (0.52). The findings further confirm that local sources were the dominant contributor to the coarse particles and these coefficients can potentially be used to estimate different PE to PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 conditions. A comprehensive understanding of the PE to determinants in coarse particles is essential to further reduce potential exposure misclassification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hei Lui
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tianhang Zhang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chung Ling Man
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi Shing Chan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Linli Qu
- Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Helen Hoi Ling Kwok
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Timothy Chi Yui Kwok
- The Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Pan C, Xu C, Zheng J, Song R, Lv C, Zhang G, Tan H, Ma Y, Zhu Y, Han X, Li C, Yan S, Zheng W, Wang C, Zhang J, Bian Y, Ma J, Cheng K, Liu R, Hou Y, Chen Q, Zhao X, McNally B, Chen R, Kan H, Meng X, Chen Y, Xu F. Fine and coarse particulate air pollution and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest onset: a nationwide case-crossover study in China. J Hazard Mater 2023; 457:131829. [PMID: 37320898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a global public health concern. Nationwide studies on the effects of short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) on OHCA risk are rare in regions with high PM levels, and evidence for coarse PM (PM2.5-10) is limited and inconsistent. To evaluate the associations between fine PM (PM2.5) and PM2.5-10 and OHCA onset, a time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted on 77,261 patients with cardiac OHCA in 26 cities across China in 2020. Daily PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 concentrations were assessed with high-resolution and full-coverage PM estimations. Conditional logistic regression models were applied in analyses. Each interquartile range of PM increase in 3-day moving average was associated with an increased risk of cardiac OHCA onset of 2.37% (95% CI, 1.20-3.56%) for PM2.5 and 2.12% (95% CI, 0.70-3.56%) for PM2.5-10. Stratified analyses showed higher susceptibility in patients over 75 years for PM2.5 exposure and with diabetes for PM2.5-10. This first nationwide study in region with high PM levels and great PM variability found not only PM2.5 but also PM2.5-10 were associated with a higher risk of OHCA onset, which could add powerful epidemiological evidence to this field and provide new evidence for the formulation of air quality guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruixue Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Emergency Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiong Tan
- Emergency and Intensive Care Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaotong Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoqian Li
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengtao Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyi Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Bian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rugang Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaping Hou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiran Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangkai Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bryan McNally
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Tohidi R, Altuwayjiri A, Sioutas C. Investigation of organic carbon profiles and sources of coarse PM in Los Angeles. Environ Pollut 2022; 314:120264. [PMID: 36162557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Source apportionment analyses are essential tools to determine sources of ambient coarse particles (2.5 <dp < 10 μm) and to disentangle their association and contribution from other pollutants, particularly PM2.5 (<2.5 μm). A semi-continuous sampling campaign was conducted using two virtual impactors/concentrators to enhance coarse particulate matter concentrations coupled with an online thermal-optical EC/OC monitor to quantify coarse PM-bound organic carbon volatility fractions (OC1-OC4) in central Los Angeles during the winter, spring, and summer of 2021. The total OC and its volatility fraction concentrations, meteorological parameters (i.e., wind speeds and relative humidity), vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and gaseous source tracers (i.e., O3 and NO2) were used as inputs to positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. A 3-factor solution identified vehicular emissions (accounting for 46% in the cold phase and 26% in the warm phase of total coarse OC concentrations), secondary organic carbon (27% and 37%), and re-suspended dust (27% and 37%) as the primary organic carbon sources of coarse PM. The re-suspended dust factor showed a higher contribution of more volatile organic carbons (i.e., OC1 up to 77%) due to their re-distribution on dust particles, whereas the SOA factor was the dominant contributor to less volatile organic aerosols (i.e., OC4 up to 54%), which are the product of reactions at high relative humidity (RH). Our findings revealed that the total OC concentrations in the coarse size range were comparable with those of previous studies in the area, underscoring the challenges in curtailing coarse PM-bound OC sources and the necessity of developing effective emission control regulations on coarse PM. The results from the current study provide insights into the seasonal and temporal variation of total OC and its volatility fractions in Los Angeles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Tohidi
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Abdulmalik Altuwayjiri
- Majmaah University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Tohidi R, Farahani VJ, Sioutas C. Real-time measurements of mineral dust concentration in coarse particulate matter (PM 10-2.5) by employing a novel optical-based technique in Los Angeles. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156215. [PMID: 35623535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a primary component of coarse particulate matter (PM), ambient mineral dust has been linked to adverse health effects. Los Angeles, the largest metropolitan urban area of the United States, is impacted by both windblown and localized sources of mineral dust, often internally mixed with black carbon. The estimation of mineral dust concentrations with a high time resolution becomes critical in improving our understanding of its sources and temporal trends. Using Aethalometers combined with a high-volume virtual impactor (VI) to enrich coarse (2.5 <dp < 10 μm) particles, the light absorption and mass concentration of mineral dust were estimated in real-time during summer, fall, and winter over 2020-2021. The concentration-enriched coarse PM was collected on Teflon filters, and its chemical composition in terms of trace elements and metals was chemically quantified. The high time-resolution measurements enabled us to calculate the absorption coefficient of enriched dust particles by subtracting the light absorption of the post-VI coarse PM from that of the PM2.5 aerosol fraction to reduce the impact of stronger light absorbers in ambient PM. Mineral dust was more prevalent during the fall and winter campaigns (i.e., 19.3 and 11.4 μg/m3, respectively), lower concentrations were observed during the summer campaign (i.e., 8.50 μg/m3). The calculated absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) was 2.18, highlighting the presence of dust particles during the sampling period. The dust mass absorption coefficient was estimated to be 2.7 ± 1.6 Mm-1 at 370 nm and 0.41 ± 0.16 Mm-1 at 880 nm wavelengths, respectively. The validation of the proposed approach was investigated by comparing the evaluated mineral dust mass concentrations in this study with the reported coarse PM concentrations by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). The results reported by the optical-based approach with high temporal resolution can provide crucial information on identifying sources of mineral dust in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Tohidi
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vahid Jalali Farahani
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Chen Q, Wang Q, Xu B, Xu Y, Ding Z, Zhou J, Sun H. Cumulative effects of ambient particulate matter pollution on deaths: A multicity analysis of mortality displacement. Chemosphere 2022; 286:131615. [PMID: 34303049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic evaluations of the cumulative effects and mortality displacement of ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution on deaths are lacking. We aimed to discern the cumulative effect profile of PM exposure, and investigate the presence of mortality displacement in a large-scale population. METHODS We conducted a time-series analysis with different exposure-lag models on 13 cities in Jiangsu, China, to estimate the effects of PM pollution on non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality (2015-2019). Over-dispersed Poisson generalized additive models were integrated with distributed lag models to estimate cumulative exposure effects, and assess mortality displacement. RESULTS Pooled cumulative effect estimates with lags of 0-7 and 0-14 days were substantially larger than those with single-day and 2-day moving average lags. For each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 concentration with a cumulative lag of 0-7 days, we estimated an increase of 0.50 % (95 % CI: 0.29, 0.72), 0.63 % (95 % CI: 0.38, 0.88), and 0.50 % (95 % CI: 0.01, 1.01) in pooled estimates of non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. Both PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with significant increases in non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality with a cumulative lag of 0-14 days. We observed mortality displacement within 30 days for non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory deaths. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that risk assessment based on single-day or 2-day moving average lag structures may underestimate the adverse effects of PM pollution. The cumulative effects of PM exposure on non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality can last up to 14 days. Evidence of mortality displacement for non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory deaths was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Road 172, 210009, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Road 172, 210009, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Road 172, 210009, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Road 172, 210009, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Zhen Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Road 172, 210009, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Road 172, 210009, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Hong Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Road 172, 210009, Nanjing, PR China.
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Hu J, Xue X, Xiao M, Wang W, Gao Y, Kan H, Ge J, Cui Z, Chen R. The acute effects of particulate matter air pollution on ambulatory blood pressure: A multicenter analysis at the hourly level. Environ Int 2021; 157:106859. [PMID: 34509047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is needed to clarify the associations of particulate air pollution with blood pressure and potential lag patterns. We examined the associations of fine and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5-10) with ambulatory blood pressure among 7108 non-hypertensive participants from 7 Chinese cities between April 2016 and November 2020. Hourly concentrations of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were obtained from the nearest monitoring stations. We measured four blood pressure indicators, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP). Linear mixed-effect models combined with distributed lag models were applied to analyze the data. Generally, very short-term exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with elevated blood pressure. These effects occurred on the same hour of blood pressure measurement, attenuated gradually, and became insignificant approximately at lag 12 h. An interquartile range (IQR, 33 μg/m3) increase of PM2.5 was significantly associated with cumulative increments of 0.58 mmHg for SBP, 0.31 mmHg for DBP, 0.38 mmHg for MAP, and 0.33 mmHg for PP over lag 0 to 12 h. The exposure-response relationship curves were almost linear without thresholds, but tended to be flat at very high concentrations. No significant associations were observed for PM2.5-10. Our study provides independent and robust associations between transient PM2.5 exposure and elevated blood pressure within the first 12 h, and reinforces the evidence for a linear and non-threshold exposure-response relationship, which may have implications for blood pressure management and hypertension prevention in susceptible population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaowei Xue
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Jiangsu Standard Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya Gao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhaoqiang Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Nirel R, Levy I, Adar SD, Vakulenko-Lagun B, Peretz A, Golovner M, Dayan U. Concentration-response relationships between hourly particulate matter and ischemic events: A case-crossover analysis of effect modification by season and air-mass origin. Sci Total Environ 2021; 760:143407. [PMID: 33199016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Most studies linking cardiovascular disease with particulate matter (PM) exposures have focused on total mass concentrations, regardless of their origin. However, the origin of an air mass is inherently linked to particle composition and possible toxicity. We examine how the concentration-response relation between hourly PM exposure and ischemic events is modified by air-mass origin and season. Using telemedicine data, we conducted a case-crossover study of 1855 confirmed ischemic cardiac events in Israel (2005-2013). Based on measurements at three fixed-sites in Tel Aviv and Haifa, ambient PM with diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 2.5-10 μm (PM10-2.5) concentrations during the hours before event onset were compared with matched control periods using conditional logistic regression that allowed for non-linearity. We also examined effect modification of these associations based on the geographical origin of each air mass by season. Independent of the geographical origin of the air mass, we observed concentration-response curves that were supralinear. For example, the overall odds ratios (ORs) of ischemic events for an increase of 10-μg/m3 in the 2-h average of PM10-2.5 were 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.14) and 1.00 (0.99-1.01) at the median (17.8 μg/m3) and 95th percentile (82.3 μg/m3) values, respectively. Associations were strongest at low levels of PM10-2.5 when air comes from central Europe in the summer (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.52). Our study demonstrates that hourly associations between PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 and ischemic cardiac events are supralinear during diverse pollution conditions in a single population that experiences a wide range of exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Nirel
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ilan Levy
- Air quality and Climate Change Division, Israel Ministry for Environment Protection, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Bella Vakulenko-Lagun
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Alon Peretz
- Occupational Medicine Clinic, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqua, Israel.
| | | | - Uri Dayan
- Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Pu X, Wang L, Chen L, Pan J, Tang L, Wen J, Qiu H. Differential effects of size-specific particulate matter on lower respiratory infections in children: A multi-city time-series analysis in Sichuan, China. Environ Res 2021; 193:110581. [PMID: 33309823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence on the short-term effects of size-specific particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), ≤10 μm (PM10), and their difference (PMC) on children's Lower Respiratory Infections (LRI) is scare. This study aimed to estimate the differential effects of three size-specific PM on hospitalizations of children aged <18 years for pneumonia and bronchitis in 18 cities of southwestern China. The city-specific association was firstly estimated using the over-dispersed generalized additive model and then combined to obtain the regional average association. Further, to evaluate the robustness of the key findings, subgroup analyses and co-pollutant models were constructed. PM-related risks of LRI differed by PM fractions and cause-specific LRI. A 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5_lag03, PM10_lag06, and PMC_lag06 was associated with a 0.79% (95% CI: 0.29%, 1.29%), 0.77% (95% CI: 0.13%, 1.41%), and 2.33% (95% CI: 1.23%, 3.44%) increase in children's LRI hospitalizations, respectively. After adjustment for gaseous pollutants, adverse effects of the three types of size-specific PM on pneumonia hospitalizations were stable, ranging from 0.29% (95% CI: 0.05%, 0.54%) for PM2.5-2.50% (95% CI: 1.38%, 3.64%) for PMC. Additionally, PMC-related risk of bronchitis hospitalizations remained stable after adjustment for gaseous pollutants. Associations of pneumonia with PMC and PM10 in infants, bronchitis with PM2.5 in children aged 6-17 years, pneumonia and bronchitis with PM2.5, PMC, and PM10 in children aged 1-5 years were all statistical significant. Specifically, the effects of PM2.5 on LRI hospitalizations increased by age, with the highest effect of 1.72% (95%CI: 1.01%, 2.43%) in children aged 6-17 years. Our study provided evidence for short-term effects of different PM fractions on children LRI hospitalizations in Southwestern China, which will be useful for making and promoting policies on air quality standards in order to protect children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Pu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lina Chen
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Pan
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Glasgow College, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Davis E, Malig B, Broadwin R, Ebisu K, Basu R, Gold EB, Qi L, Derby CA, Park SK, Wu XM. Association between coarse particulate matter and inflammatory and hemostatic markers in a cohort of midlife women. Environ Health 2020; 19:111. [PMID: 33153486 PMCID: PMC7643259 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality; however, most studies have focused on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and CVD. Coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) exposure has not been extensively studied, particularly for long-term exposure, and the biological mechanisms remain uncertain. METHODS We examined the association between ambient concentrations of PM10-2.5 and inflammatory and hemostatic makers that have been linked to CVD. Annual questionnaire and clinical data were obtained from 1694 women (≥ 55 years old in 1999) enrolled in the longitudinal Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) at six study sites from 1999 to 2004. Residential locations and the USEPA air monitoring network measurements were used to assign exposure to one-year PM10-2.5, as well as co-pollutants. Linear mixed-effects regression models were used to describe the association between PM10-2.5 exposure and markers, including demographic, health and other covariates. RESULTS Each interquartile (4 μg/m3) increase in one-year PM10-2.5 exposure was associated with a 5.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8, 9.4%) increase in levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and 4.1% (95% CI: - 0.1, 8.6%) increase in high-sensitivity C-creative Protein (hs-CRP). Stratified analyses suggested that the association with PAI-1 was particularly strong in some subgroups, including women who were peri-menopausal, were less educated, had a body mass index lower than 25, and reported low alcohol consumption. The association between PM10-2.5 and PAI-1 remained unchanged with adjustment for PM2.5, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. CONCLUSIONS Long-term PM10-2.5 exposure may be associated with changes in coagulation independently from PM2.5, and thus, contribute to CVD risk in midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Davis
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Malig
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Rachel Broadwin
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Keita Ebisu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Rupa Basu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Ellen B Gold
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lihong Qi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carol A Derby
- Department of Neurology, and of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiangmei May Wu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
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Qiu H, Pun VC, Tian L. Short-term effects of fine and coarse particles on deaths in Hong Kong elderly population: An analysis of mortality displacement. Environ Pollut 2018; 241:148-154. [PMID: 29804047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While numerous studies worldwide have evaluated the short-term associations of fine and coarse particulate matter (PM) air pollution with mortality and morbidity, these studies may be susceptible to short-term harvesting effect. We aimed to investigate the short-term association between mortality and PM with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and those between 2.5 and 10 μm (PMc) within a month prior to death, and assess the mortality displacement by PM2.5 and PMc among elderly population in Hong Kong. METHODS We obtained air pollution data from January 2011 to December 2015 from Environmental Protection Department, and daily cause-specific mortality data from Census and Statistical Department of Hong Kong. We performed generalized additive distributed lag model to examine the acute, delayed and long-lasting effects of PM2.5 and PMc within one month on mortality. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant association of PM2.5 and PMc exposure over lags 0-6 days with all natural mortality and cardio-respiratory mortality. The overall cumulative effect of PM2.5 over 0-30 lag days was 3.44% (95% CI: 0.30-6.67%) increase in all natural mortality and 6.90% (95% CI: 0.58-13.61%) increase of circulatory mortality, which suggested the absence of mortality displacement by PM2.5. On the other hand, no significant cumulative association with mortality was found for PMc over 0-30 lag exposure window, and thus mortality displacement by PMc cannot be ruled out. Findings remained robust in various sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS We found adverse effect of both PM2.5 and PMc exposure within one week prior to death. While there was no evidence of mortality displacement in the association of PM2.5 exposure over one month prior with all natural and circulatory mortality, mortality displacement by PMc cannot be ruled out. PM2.5 may contribute more to the longer term effect of particulate matter than PMc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qiu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vivian C Pun
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Abstract
Airborne particles have been linked to increased mortality and morbidity. As most research has focused on fine particles (PM2.5), the health implications of coarse particles (PM10-2.5) are not well understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of associations for short- and long-term PM10-2.5 concentrations with mortality and hospital admissions. Using 23 mortality and 10 hospital admissions studies, we documented suggestive evidence of increased morbidity and mortality in relation to higher short-term PM10-2.5 concentrations, with stronger relationships for respiratory than cardiovascular endpoints. Reported associations were highly heterogeneous, however, especially by geographic region and average PM10-2.5 concentrations. Adjustment for PM2.5 and publication bias resulted in weaker and less precise effect estimates, although positive associations remained for short-term PM10-2.5 concentrations. Inconsistent relationships between effect estimates for PM10-2.5 and correlations between PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 concentrations, however, indicate that PM10-2.5 associations cannot be solely explained by co-exposure to PM2.5. While suggestive evidence was found of increased mortality with long-term PM10-2.5 concentrations, these associations were not robust to control for PM2.5. Additional research is required to better understand sources of heterogeneity of associations between PM10-2.5 and adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D. Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1420 Washington Heights – SPHII-5539, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
| | - Paola A. Filigrana
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1420 Washington Heights – SPHII-5539, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
| | - Nicholas Clements
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 135 30th St., Boulder, CO 80305 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1681, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1681 USA
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