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Li Q, Li Y, Wang N, Shukla T, Wu X, Yao X, Wang S, Wan X, Chen P, Zhang H, Shen B, Dong Z, Wu J. Biomass burning records of the Shulehe Glacier No. 4 from Qilian Mountains, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124496. [PMID: 38964642 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Biomass burning play a key role in the global carbon cycle by altering the atmospheric composition, and affect regional and global climate. Despite its importance, a very few high-resolution records are available worldwide, especially for recent climate change. This study analyzes levoglucosan, a specific tracer of biomass burning emissions, in a 38-year ice core retrieved from the Shulehe Glacier No. 4, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The levoglucosan concentration in the Shulehe Glacier No. 4 ice core ranged from 0.1 to 55 ng mL-1, with an average concentration of 8 ± 8 ng mL-1. The concentrations showed a decreasing trend from 2002 to 2018. Meanwhile, regional wildfire activities in Central Asian also exhibited a declining trend during the same period, suggesting the potential correspondence between levoglucosan concentration of the Shulehe Glacier No. 4 ice core and the fire activity of Central Asia. Furthermore, a positive correlation also exists between the levoglucosan concentration of the Shulehe Glacier No. 4 ice core and the wildfire counts in Central Asia from 2002 to 2018. While backward air mass trajectory analysis and fire spots data showed a higher distribution of fire counts in South Asia compared to Central Asia, but the dominance of westerly circulation in the northern TP throughout the year. Therefore, the levoglucosan in the Shulehe Glacier No. 4 provides clear evidence of Central Asian wildfire influence on Tibetan Plateau glaciers through westerlies. This highlights a great importance of ice core data for wildfire history reconstruction in the Tibetan Plateau Glacier regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Yulong Snow Mountain Glacier and Environment Observation and Research Station/State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Ninglian Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an, 710127, PR China; Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China.
| | - Tanuj Shukla
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xiunan Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an, 710127, PR China; Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Shijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Yulong Snow Mountain Glacier and Environment Observation and Research Station/State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an, 710127, PR China; Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Baoshou Shen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an, 710127, PR China; Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, PR China
| | - Jingquan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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Yao X, Wang N, Zheng X, Li Q, Santos E, Maharjan L, Wang J, Guo Z, Guo J, Zhang H, Zheng K, Wu J, Li Y. Highly sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection method for levoglucosan based on Na + enhancing its ionization efficiency. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7030-7036. [PMID: 36874944 PMCID: PMC9977456 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07419b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensitive determination of levoglucosan in aqueous samples has great significance for the study of biomass burning. Although some sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) detection methods have been developed for levoglucosan, there are still plenty of shortcomings, such as complicated sample pre-treatment procedures, large-amount sample requirements, and poor reproducibility. Herein, a new method for the determination of levoglucosan in the aqueous sample was developed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). In this method, we firstly found that compared with H+, Na+ could effectively enhance the ionization efficiency of levoglucosan, even though the content of H+ is higher in the environment. Moreover, the precursor ion m/z 185.1 [M + Na]+ could be used as a quantitative ion to sensitively detect levoglucosan in aqueous samples. Only 2 μL of un-pretreated sample is required for one injection in this method, and great linearity was obtained (R 2 = 0.9992) using the external standard method when the concentration of levoglucosan was 0.5-50 ng mL-1. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.1 ng mL-1 (0.2 pg absolute mass injected) and 0.3 ng mL-1, respectively. Acceptable repeatability, reproducibility, and recovery were achieved. This method has the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability, good reproducibility, and simple operation, which could be widely used for the detection of different concentrations of levoglucosan in various water samples, especially for the detection of samples with low content such as ice core or snow samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiunan Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Xi'an 710127 China .,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Ninglian Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Xi'an 710127 China .,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Xingwang Zheng
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Quanlian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ewerton Santos
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Linda Maharjan
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Xi'an 710127 China .,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Jiahua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Xi'an 710127 China .,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Xi'an 710127 China .,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Kui Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Xi'an 710127 China .,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Jingquan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS Lanzhou 730000 China
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Kang JH, Hwang H, Lee SJ, Choi SD, Kim JS, Hong S, Hur SD, Baek JH. Record of North American boreal forest fires in northwest Greenland snow. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130187. [PMID: 33740646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present boreal forest fire proxies in a northwest Greenland snowpit spanning a period of six years, from spring 2003 to summer 2009. Levoglucosan (C6H10O5) is a specific organic molecular marker of biomass burning caused by boreal forest fires. In this study, levoglucosan was determined via liquid chromatography/negative ion electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry, wherein isotope-dilution and multiple reaction monitoring methods are employed. Ammonium (NH4+) and oxalate (C2O42-), traditional biomass burning proxies, were determined using two-channel ion chromatography. In the northwest Greenland snowpit, peaks in levoglucosan, ammonium, and oxalate were observed in snow layers corresponding to the summer-fall seasons of 2004 and 2005. Considered together, these spikes are a marker for large boreal forest fires. The levoglucosan deposited in the Greenland snow was strongly dependent on long-range atmospheric transportation. A 10-day backward air mass trajectory analysis supports that the major contributors were air masses from North America. In addition, satellite-derived carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia (NH3) concentrations suggest that chemicals from North American boreal forest fires during the summer-fall of 2004 and 2005 were transported to Greenland. However, large boreal fires in Siberia in 2003 and 2008 were not recorded in the snowpit. The sub-annual resolution measurements of levoglucosan and ammonium can distinguish between the contributions of past boreal forest fires and soil emissions from anthropogenic activity to Greenland snow and ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ho Kang
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heejin Hwang
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sangbum Hong
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Do Hur
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hyun Baek
- Analysis Service Center, Diatech Korea Co., Ltd., Seoul, 05808, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Huang J, Li Z, Zheng K. Atmospheric pollution revealed by trace elements in recent snow from the central to the northern Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114459. [PMID: 32302892 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the current levels, spatial distribution patterns, and potential pollution of trace elements (TEs) in the atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), snow pit samples were collected in May 2016 from five TP glaciers: Qiyi (QY), Hariqin (HRQ), Meikuang (MK), Yuzhufeng (YZF), and Xiaodongkemadi (XDKMD). Concentrations of 13 TEs (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Pb, Sb, Sr, U, and Zn) in the snow were measured. The spatial distribution patterns and depth profiles of TEs from the studies sites revealed that the influence of dust on TEs was more significant on the MK and YZF glaciers than on the QY, HRQ, and XDKMD glaciers. The spatial distributions of TE EFFe values differed from their concentrations, however. The enrichment factor (EF) values and concentrations of some TEs in the YZF, QY, and XDKMD glaciers revealed that the pollution levels of these elements were significantly lower than those found in previous research. Examination based on EFs, principal component analysis, as well as the calculated non-dust contributions of TEs, revealed that dust was the principal source for most TEs in all five glaciers, while biomass burning was another potential natural source for TEs in some glaciers, such as QY. In contrast, Cd, Ba, Sr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Sb were occasionally affected by anthropogenic sources such as road traffic emissions, fossil fuel combustion, and mining and smelting of nonferrous metals in and beyond the TP. Air mass backward trajectories revealed that potential pollutants were transported not only from local sources but also from Xinjiang Province in northwestern China, as well as South Asia, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Ju Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Carbonaceous Aerosol Emitted from Biofuel Household Stove Combustion in South China. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Near-source measurements of smoke emissions from household stove combustion in a rural area of South China were conducted with 7 typical biomass fuels. Particulate matter samples (both PM10 and PM2.5) were analyzed for their carbonaceous components, including organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) as well as levoglucosan (molecular tracer of biomass burning), employing thermal-optical and GC-MS analysis. The OC and EC content in PM2.5 and PM10 smoke particles derived from the various types of vegetation showed different patterns with the smallest values observed for straw type fuels. The OC/EC ratios in PM2.5 and PM10 showed an order of straw > hardwood > bamboo > softwood. Mass concentrations of particulate matter emitted from rice straw burning were highest with 12.23 ± 0.87 mg/m3 (PM10) and 9.31 ± 0.81 mg/m3 (PM2.5), while the mass ratios (LG/PM and OC/PM) were lowest among the 7 fuels, indicating that particle emissions from straw burning were higher than those from woody fuels, using similar burning conditions. The levoglucosan emission ratios were rather high and this single most abundant organic species was mainly present in the fine particle mode. Linear correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between levoglucosan and EC emissions.
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Analysis of levoglucosan and its isomers in atmospheric samples by ion chromatography with electrospray lithium cationisation - Triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460557. [PMID: 31570193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) emissions are a significant source of particles to the atmosphere, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, where the occurrence of anthropogenic and natural wild fires is common. These emissions can threaten human health through increased exposure, whilst simultaneously representing a significant source of trace metals and nutrients to the ocean. One well known method to track BB emissions is through monitoring the atmospheric concentration of specific monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs), specifically levoglucosan and its isomers, mannosan and galactosan. Herein, a new method for the determination of levoglucosan and its isomers in marine and terrestrial aerosol samples is presented, which delivers both high selectivity and sensitivity, through the coupling of ion chromatography and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Optimal chromatographic conditions, providing baseline separation for target anhydrosugars in under 8 min, were obtained using a Dionex CarboPacⓇ PA-1 column with an electrolytically generated KOH gradient. To improve the ionisation efficiency for MS detection, an organic make-up solvent was fed into the IC column effluent before the ESI source, and to further increase both sensitivity and selectivity, cationisation of levoglucosan was investigated by adding salts into the make-up solvent, namely, sodium, ammonium and lithium salts. Using positive lithium cationisation with 0.5 mM lithium chloride in methanol as the make-up solvent, delivered at a flow rate of 0.02 mL min-1, the levoglucosan response was improved by factors of 100 and 10, comparing to negative ionisation and positive sodium cationisation, respectively. Detection was carried out in SRM mode for quantitation and identification, achieving an instrumental LOD of 0.10, 0.12 and 0.5 µg L-1 for levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan, respectively. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of 41 marine and terrestrial aerosol samples from Australia, its surrounding coastal waters and areas within the remote Southern Ocean, covering a large range of BB marker concentrations.
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Zhang Y, Kang S, Gao T, Schmale J, Liu Y, Zhang W, Guo J, Du W, Hu Z, Cui X, Sillanpää M. Dissolved organic carbon in snow cover of the Chinese Altai Mountains, Central Asia: Concentrations, sources and light-absorption properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:1385-1397. [PMID: 30180345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in snow plays an important role in river ecosystems that are fed by snowmelt water. However, limited knowledge is available on the DOC content in snow of the Chinese Altai Mountains in Central Asia. In this study, DOC in the snow cover of the Kayiertesi river basin, southern slope of Altai Mountains, was investigated during November 2016 to April 2017. The results showed that average concentrations of DOC in the surface snow cover (1.01 ± 0.52 mg L-1) were only a little higher than those in glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau, European Alps, and Alaska, but much higher than in Greenland Ice Sheet. Depth variations of DOC concentrations from snowpack profiles indicated higher values in the surface layer. During the observation period, scavenging efficiency for DOC in snow cover is estimated to be 0.15 ± 0.10, suggesting that DOC in snow can be affected more by the meltwater during ablation season than during accumulation season. The average mass absorption cross section at 365 nm and the absorption Ångström exponent of DOC were 0.45 ± 0.35 m2 g-1 and 2.59 ± 1.03, respectively, with higher values in March and April 2017. Fraction of radiative forcing caused by DOC relative to black carbon accounted for about 10.5%, implying DOC is a non-ignorable light-absorber of solar radiation in snow of the Altai regions. Backward trajectories analysis and aerosol vertical distribution images from satellites showed that DOC in the snow of the Altai Mountains was mainly influenced by air masses from Central Asia, Western Siberia, the Middle East, and some even from Europe. Biomass burning and organic carbon mixed with mineral dust contributed significantly to the DOC concentration. This study highlights the effects of DOC in the snow cover for radiative forcing and the need to study carbon cycling for evaluation of quality of the downstreams ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Zhang
- State key laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Mikkeli 50130, Finland
| | - Shichang Kang
- State key laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tanguang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Julia Schmale
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yajun Liu
- State key laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junming Guo
- State key laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wentao Du
- State key laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaofu Hu
- State key laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- State key laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Mikkeli 50130, Finland
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Li Q, Wang N, Barbante C, Kang S, Callegaro A, Battistel D, Argiriadis E, Wan X, Yao P, Pu T, Wu X, Han Y, Huai Y. Biomass burning source identification through molecular markers in cryoconites over the Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:209-217. [PMID: 30340167 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cryoconite is a dark, dusty aggregate of mineral particles, organic matter, and microorganisms transported by wind and deposited on glacier surfaces. It can accelerate glacier melting and alter glacier mass balances by reducing the surface albedo of glaciers. Biomass burning in the Tibetan Plateau, especially in the glacier cryoconites, is poorly understood. Retene, levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan can be generated by the local fires or transported from the biomass burning regions over long distances. In the present study, we analyzed these four molecular markers in cryoconites of seven glaciers from the northern to southern Tibetan Plateau. The highest levels of levoglucosan and retene were found in cryoconites of the Yulong Snow Mountain and Tienshan glaciers with 171.4 ± 159.4 ng g-1 and 47.0 ± 10.5 ng g-1 dry weight (d.w.), respectively. The Muztag glacier in the central Tibetan Plateau contained the lowest levels of levoglucosan and retene with mean values of 59.8 ng g-1 and 0.4 ± 0.1 ng g-1 d.w., respectively. In addition, the vegetation changes and the ratios of levoglucosan to mannosan and retene indicate that combustion of conifers significantly contributes to biomass burning of the cryoconites in the Yulong Snow Mountain and Tienshan glacier. Conversely, biomass burning tracers in cryoconites of Dongkemadi, Yuzhufeng, Muztag, Qiyi and Laohugou glaciers are derived from the combustion of different types of biomass including softwood, hardwood and grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Ninglian Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an, 710127, China; Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari, University of Venice, Venice, 30172, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Venice, 30172, Italy
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Alice Callegaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari, University of Venice, Venice, 30172, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Venice, 30172, Italy
| | - Dario Battistel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari, University of Venice, Venice, 30172, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Venice, 30172, Italy
| | - Elena Argiriadis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari, University of Venice, Venice, 30172, Italy
| | - Xin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ping Yao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tao Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yu Han
- Surveying and Mapping Engineering Institute of Gansu Province, China
| | - Yanping Huai
- Surveying and Mapping Engineering Institute of Gansu Province, China
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9
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Zhang Y, Kang S, Li G, Gao T, Chen P, Li X, Liu Y, Hu Z, Sun S, Guo J, Wang K, Chen X, Sillanpää M. Dissolved organic carbon in glaciers of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau: Insights into concentrations and possible sources. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205414. [PMID: 30308022 PMCID: PMC6181362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from glaciers has an important role in the biogeochemistry of glacial ecosystems. This study focuses on DOC from glaciers of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, where glaciers are experiencing rapid shrinkage. We found that concentrations of DOC in snowpits (0.16±0.054 μg g-1), aged snow (0.16±0.048 μg g-1), and bare ice (0.18±0.082 μg g-1) were similar across the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, but were slightly lower than those in other glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau. Vertical variations of DOC, particulate organic carbon, black carbon, and total nitrate in snowpit showed no systematic variations in the studied glaciers, with high values of DOC occurring in the ice or dusty layers. We estimated the export of DOC and particulate organic carbon from glaciers to be 1.96±0.66 Gg yr-1 and 5.88±2.15 Gg yr-1 in this region, respectively, indicating that organic carbon released from glacier meltwater may be affecting downstream ecosystems. Potential sources of the air masses arriving at the southeastern Tibetan glaciers include South Asia, Central Asia, Middle East, and northwest China. Emissions from biomass burning of South Asia played an important role in the deposition of DOC to the glacier, which can be evidenced by backward trajectories and fire spot distributions from MODIS and CALIPSO images. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic aerosols contribute abundant DOC to glaciers on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The pronounced rate of glacial melting in the region may be delivering increased quantities of relic DOC to downstream rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Gang Li
- Arid Meteorological Research Institute, Lanzhou Meteorological Bureau, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tanguang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou
| | - Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaofu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Junming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Mikkeli, Finland
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Li Y, Li Z, Cozzi G, Turetta C, Barbante C, Huang J, Xiong L. Signals of pollution revealed by trace elements in recent snow from mountain glaciers at the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:523-531. [PMID: 29501889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to extract pollution signal of trace elements (TEs) in glacier snow at the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau of China by human activities, concentrations of 18 TEs (Al, Ti, Fe, Rb, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mn, Li, Cu, Co, Mo, Cs, Sb, Pb, Tl, and U), 14 rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), Y and Th in digested snow samples from five glaciers in April-May 2013 before monsoon season were measured. Results shown that higher TEs concentrations were found in glaciers at the northern plateau while lower concentrations in glaciers at the central and southern plateau. Discussion revealed that EF values calculated from elements with mass fraction <30% such as Ti and Al, etc in traditional acid leached samples, will overestimate at least 4.6 times the contribution of other sources than dust for TEs such as Sb, Sr, As, Cu and Pb etc. Analysis indicated that most TEs mainly originated from dust sources, whereas Pb, Cu, Mo and Sb showed occasionally significant contributions from polluted sources in three snow pits and the GRHK surface snow samples. The pollution probably originated from mining and smelting, road transport emissions on the plateau and some regions outside of the plateau. Dust provenance tracing results based on REEs indicated that Taklimakan Desert, Qaidam Basin, and Tibetan surface soil were the potential dust sources for the studied glaciers, while the Indian Thar Desert was an occasional dust sources for YZF,XDKMD and GRHK snow samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Giulio Cozzi
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, National Research Council (IDPA-CNR), Venice Italy
| | - Clara Turetta
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, National Research Council (IDPA-CNR), Venice Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, National Research Council (IDPA-CNR), Venice Italy.
| | - Ju Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longfei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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