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Das S, Jose SA, Giri S, Shah J, Pulimi M, Anand S, Rai PK, Mukherjee A. Diclofenac enhances Boron nitride nanoparticle toxicity in freshwater green microalgae, Scenedesmus obliquus: Elucidating the role of oxidative stress. Toxicol Rep 2024; 13:101696. [PMID: 39104368 PMCID: PMC11298660 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Boron nanoparticles have numerous medical, industrial, and environmental applications as potential nanomaterials. Given the inevitable release of these particles in aquatic environments, they can combine with other pollutants like pharmaceuticals. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate their combined detrimental effects on freshwater biota. This study examined the joint impacts of Boron nitride nanoparticles (BNNPs) and Diclofenac (DCF) on freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus. Three different concentrations of BNNPs (0.1, 1, and 10 mg L-1) were mixed with 1 mg L-1 of DCF and were treated with algal cells, and biochemical analyses were performed. A concentration-dependent decrease in algal cell viability was observed after a 72-h interaction period with BNNPs and their binary combinations. The maximum toxic effects were observed for the highest combination of BNNPs + DCF, i.e., 10 mg L-1 BNNPs + 1 mg L-1 DCF. Similarly, an increase in the oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity was observed, which correlated directly to the decline in cell viability. The algal cells also showed reduced photosynthetic efficiency and electron transfer rate upon interaction with BNNPs. The results of this research emphasize the importance of considering the negative consequences of emerging pollutants and their combinations with other pollutants, BNNPs, and DCF as part of a thorough evaluation of ecotoxicity in freshwater algal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soupam Das
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shinta Ann Jose
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sampriti Giri
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Janmey Shah
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mrudula Pulimi
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shalini Anand
- Centre for Fire, Explosives and Environment Safety, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Rai
- Centre for Fire, Explosives and Environment Safety, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Piazza CE, Mattos JJ, Lima D, Siebert MN, Zacchi FL, Dos Reis ÍMM, Ferrari FL, Balsanelli E, Toledo-Silva G, de Souza EM, Bainy ACD. Hepatic transcriptome, transcriptional effects and antioxidant responses in Poecilia vivipara exposed to sanitary sewage. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116426. [PMID: 38692005 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are subject to threats from multiple human activities, particularly through the release of untreated sanitary sewage into the coastal environments. These effluents contain a large group of natural or synthetic compounds referred to as emerging contaminants. Monitoring the types and quantities of toxic substances in the environment, especially complex mixtures, is an exhausting and challenging task. Integrative effect-based tools, such as biomarkers, are recommended for environmental quality monitoring programs. In this study, fish Poecilia vivipara were exposed for 24 and 96 h to raw untreated sewage diluted 33 % (v/v) in order to identify hepatic genes to be used as molecular biomarkers. Through a de novo hepatic transcriptome assembly, using Illumina MiSeq, 54,285 sequences were assembled creating a reference transcriptome for this guppy species. Transcripts involved in biotransformation systems, antioxidant defenses, ABC transporters, nuclear and xenobiotic receptors were identified and evaluated by qPCR. Sanitary sewage induced transcriptional changes in AhR, PXR, CYP2K1, CYP3A30, NQO1, UGT1A1, GSTa3, GSTmu, ST1C1, SOD, ABCC1 and SOX9 genes from liver of fish, particularly after 96 h of exposure. Changes in hepatic enzyme activities were also observed. The enzymes showed differences in fish exposed to both periods, while in the gills there was a prevalence of significant results after 96 h. The observed differences were associated to gender and/or to sewage exposure. The obtained results support the use of P. vivipara as sentinel and model organism for ecotoxicological studies and evidence the importance of understanding the differential responses associated to gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clei Endrigo Piazza
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jacó Joaquim Mattos
- Aquaculture Pathology Research, NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daína Lima
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marília Nardelli Siebert
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Flávia Lucena Zacchi
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ísis Mayna Martins Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Luiza Ferrari
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Cell Biology, Embriology and Genetics Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Balsanelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Toledo-Silva
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Cell Biology, Embriology and Genetics Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Afonso Celso Dias Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Russo C, Nugnes R, Orlo E, di Matteo A, De Felice B, Montanino C, Lavorgna M, Isidori M. Diclofenac eco-geno-toxicity in freshwater algae, rotifers and crustaceans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122251. [PMID: 37506803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the eco-genotoxic impact of diclofenac (DCF) in sentinel species of the freshwater ecosystem. DCF residues are found in freshwater from few ng/L to tens of μg/L due to the inability of conventional wastewater treatment plants to ensure removal efficiency of the drug. An ample body of literature reports on the acute toxicity of DCF in non-target organisms without addressing potential chronic long-term effects on organisms at actual, environmental concentrations. Herein, assessment for acute and chronic toxicity was performed on organisms in vivo exposed to DCF, specifically on the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and the crustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia. Furthermore, potential DNA damage and expression of antioxidant genes (MnSOD, Cu/ZnSOD and CAT) were evaluated in crustacean neonates. The toxicological risk of DCF was assessed as well as its. GENOTOXIC RISK: The acute toxicity was observed at concentrations far from those of environmental concern. Rotifers and crustaceans were much more chronically sensitive than the algae to DCF, observing besides, the median effect concentrations at tens of μg/L. In crustaceans, DNA damage was noted at units of μg/L, revealing concentrations of environmental concern. The dysregulated activity of SOD and CAT also showed the ability of DCF to provoke oxidative stress. On assessment of environmental risk, the chronic Risk Quotient (RQ) was above the threshold value of 1. Nevertheless, the genotoxic RQ was significantly greater than the chronic RQ, thus, the need of regulatory bodies to acknowledge the genotoxic impact as an environmental risk factor. To our knowledge, this study is the first investigation to perform environmental genotoxic risk assessment of DCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Roberta Nugnes
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Elena Orlo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela di Matteo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Bruna De Felice
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Concetta Montanino
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Marina Isidori
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
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Gu J, Lin D, Sun Y, Guo Y, Chen B, Zhang Y, Liu F. Integrating transcriptome and physiological analysis to reveal the essential responses of Daphnia magna to antimony trioxide nanoparticle. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129303. [PMID: 35717819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) pollution has already posed a severe threat to the aquatic ecosystem. However, the toxicity mechanisms of Sb on aquatic organisms are far from being elucidated. One of the crucial questions remaining unresolved is the characterization of molecular toxicity of Sb(III). Transcriptomics profiling combined with physiological characterizations was applied to investigate the response of Daphnia magna to nano-size antimony trioxide (nATO) and its soluble Sb(III) counterpart antimony potassium tartrate (APT) in the present study. Both nATO and APT induced the formation of oxidative stress, enhanced the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes, altered the metabolism of xenobiotics, increased the concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO), and triggered the self-protection mechanisms such as ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. In addition, nATO and APT caused damage to the nervous system of D. magna, inhibited its locomotion and nutrient uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, nATO exposure enhanced the autophagy activity, reflected by the up-regulated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-β, and inositol-requiring enzyme 1. The present study, for the first time, depicted a global map of cellular response to nATO, provided essential information on Sb(III) toxicity to aquatic organisms, and is of great significance to the development of Sb management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Fengsong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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Li H, Gong W, Wang G, Yu E, Tian J, Xia Y, Li Z, Zhang K, Xie J. Role of nuclear pregnane X receptor in Cu-induced lipid metabolism and xenobiotic responses in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:950985. [PMID: 35966089 PMCID: PMC9365941 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.950985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a master xenobiotic-sensing receptor in response to toxic byproducts, as well as a key regulator in intermediary lipid metabolism. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the potential role of PXR in mediating the lipid dysregulation and xenobiotic responses under Cu-induced stress in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Four groups of largemouth bass (52.66 ± 0.03 g) were treated with control, Cu waterborne (9.44 μmol/L), Cu+RIF (Rifampicin, 100 mg/kg, PXR activator), and Cu+KET (Ketoconazole, 20 mg/kg, PXR inhibitor) for 48 h. Results showed that Cu exposure significantly elevated the plasma stress indicators and triggered antioxidant systems to counteract Cu-induced oxidative stress. Acute Cu exposure caused liver steatosis, as indicated by the significantly higher levels of plasma triglycerides (TG), lipid droplets, and mRNA levels of lipogenesis genes in the liver. Liver injuries were detected, as shown by hepatocyte vacuolization and severe apoptotic signals after Cu exposure. Importantly, Cu exposure significantly stimulated mRNA levels of PXR, suggesting the response of this regulator in the xenobiotic response. The pharmacological intervention of PXR by the agonist and antagonist significantly altered hepatic mRNA levels of PXR, implying that RIF and KET were effective agents of PXR in largemouth bass. Administration of RIF significantly exacerbated liver steatosis, and such alterations were dependent on the regulations on pparγ and cd36 rather than srebp1 signaling, which suggested that PXR-PPARγ might be another pathway for Cu-induced lipid deposition in fish. Whereas, KET administration showed reverse effects on lipid metabolism as indicated by the lower hepatic TG levels, suppressed mRNA levels of pparγ and cd36. Activation of PXR stimulated autophagy and inhibited apoptosis, leading to lower hepatic vacuolization; while inhibition of PXR showed higher apoptotic signals, inhibition of autophagic genes and stimulation of apoptotic genes. Taken together, PXR played a cytoprotective role in Cu-induced hepatotoxicity through regulations on autophagy and apoptosis. Overall, our data has demonstrated for the first time on the dual roles of PXR as a co-regulator in mediating xenobiotic responses and lipid metabolism in fish, which implying the potential of PXR as a therapy target for xenobiotics-induced lipid dysregulation and hepatotoxicity.
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Zhang J, Shao S, Huang D, Zhang J, Dai Y, Wei Z, Xia Y. Effect and underlying mechanism of morin on the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac sodium in rats. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1181-1187. [PMID: 34514945 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1979692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Morin, a natural flavonol, is present in many plants. It has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities and is often used as an adjuvant treatment for arthritis. Diclofenac sodium is the first-choice drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the herb-drug interaction (HDI) between morin and diclofenac sodium remains unclear.2. The aim of the present research was to investigate whether and how morin affect the pharmacokinetic profile of diclofenac sodium.3. The enzyme kinetic and pharmacokinetic studies showed that morin significantly accelerated the metabolism and reduced systemic exposure of diclofenac sodium. Interestingly, the effect of morin on the pharmacokinetic profile of diclofenac sodium was not in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the effect of morin on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was further investigated.4. The results implied that the influence mechanism of morin on the pharmacokinetic of diclofenac sodium might be related to CYP2C9 and P-gp. Attention should be paid to the risk of HDI between morin and diclofenac sodium in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sennan Shao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Fang GZ, Huang GY, Ying GG, Qiu SQ, Shi WJ, Xie L, Yang YY, Ma DD. Endocrine disrupting effects of binary mixtures of 17β-estradiol and testosterone in adult female western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111566. [PMID: 33396095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Androgens and estrogens often co-exist in aquatic environments and pose potential risks to fish populations. However, little is known about the endocrine disrupting effects of the mixture of androgens and estrogens in fish. In this study, transcriptional level of target genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPGL) axis, sex hormone level, VTG protein concentration, histology and secondary sex characteristic were assessed in the ovaries and livers of adult female western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and mixtures of E2 and T for 91 days. The results showed that the transcriptional expression of cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a (Cyp19a1a) was suppressed in the 200 ng/L T treatment and the 50 ng/L E2 + 200 ng/L T treatment in the ovaries. Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star) and Cyp11a1 showed a similar expression pattern in the T treatment to its corresponding T + E2 mixtures. In the ovaries, the concentrations of 17β-estradiol and testosterone were decreased in most treatments compared with the solvent control. VTG protein was induced in all steroid treatment. However, exposure to T or E2 + T mixture did not cause the abnormal cells of the ovaries and livers and an extension of the anal fins in female G. affinis. This study demonstrates that chronic exposure to E2, T and their mixtures affects the transcripts of genes in the HPGL axis, steroid hormone level and VTG protein concentration in the ovaries and livers, but fails to cause the histopathological effect of the ovaries and livers and alter the morphology of the anal fins in G. affinis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zhen Fang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guo-Yong Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Qing Qiu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Dong Ma
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Bao S, He C, Ku P, Xie M, Lin J, Lu S, Nie X. Effects of triclosan on the RedoximiRs/Sirtuin/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 230:105679. [PMID: 33227666 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) has been widely used in daily life for its broad-spectrum antibacterial property and subsequently detected frequently in aquatic waterborne. Environmental relevant concentrations of TCS in water (ng-μg/L) may pose potential unexpected impact on non-target aquatic organisms. In the present work, we investigated the transcriptional responses of Nrf2 as well as its downstream genes, sirtuins and redox-sensitive microRNAs (RedoximiRs) in livers of the small freshwater fish mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) which were exposed to environmental relevant concentrations of TCS (0.05 μg/L, 0.5 μg/L and 5 μg/L for 24 h and 168 h). Results showed there were similar up-regulations in Nrf2 and its target genes (e. g. NQO1, CAT and SOD) at transcriptional, enzymatic and protein levels, reflecting oxidative stress of TCS to mosquitofish. Meanwhile, up-regulations of Sirt1, Sirt2 and down-regulations of miR-34b, miR-200b-5p and miR-21 could modulate antioxidant system via the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway by the post-transcriptional regulations. Some oxidative stress-related biomarkers displayed in concentration-dependent manners (e. g. NQO1 mRNA, CAT mRNA) and/or time-dependent manners (e. g. GSH contents). This study indicated that the RedoximiRs/Sirtuin/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway played a crucial role in mosquitofish exposed to TCS, and there might be potentially profound effects for TCS on the aquatic ecological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Bao
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Cuiping He
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Peijia Ku
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | - Meinan Xie
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Songhui Lu
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Xie Z, Gan Y, Tang J, Fan S, Wu X, Li X, Cheng H, Tang J. Combined effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac and cadmium on Chironomus riparius larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110906. [PMID: 32800241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) is considered a contaminant of emerging concern. DCF can co-exist with heavy metals in aquatic environments, causing unexpected risks to aquatic organisms. This study aimed to assess the combined effects of DCF and cadmium (Cd) at environmentally relevant concentrations on the bioconcentration and status of oxidative stress and detoxification in Chironomus riparius larvae. The larvae were exposed to DCF (2 and 20 μg L-1) and Cd (5 and 50 μg L-1) alone or in mixtures for 48 h. The combined exposure to DCF and Cd was found to reciprocally facilitate the accumulation of each compound in larvae compared with single exposures. As indicated by the antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced glutathione levels, and malondialdehyde contents, the low concentration of the mixture (2 μg L-1 DCF + 5 μg L-1 Cd) did not alter the oxidative stress status in larvae, while the high concentration of the mixture (20 μg L-1 DCF + 50 μg L-1 Cd) induced stronger oxidative damage to larvae compared with single exposures. The expression levels of eight genes (CuZnSOD, MnSOD, CAT, GSTd3, GSTe1, GSTs4, CYP4G, and CYP9AT2) significantly decreased due to the high concentration of the mixture compared with single exposures in most cases. Overall, the results suggest that the mixture of DCF and Cd might exert greater ecological risks to aquatic insects compared with their individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Ying Gan
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shisuo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xuede Li
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Hefei Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
| | - Haomiao Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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Xie Z, Luan H, Zhang Y, Wang M, Cao D, Yang J, Tang J, Fan S, Wu X, Hua R. Interactive effects of diclofenac and copper on bioconcentration and multiple biomarkers in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125141. [PMID: 31677505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is widespread in aquatic environments and coexists with heavy metals to form combined pollution. However, the interactive effects of DCF and heavy metals on aquatic organisms remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the interactive effects of DCF and copper (Cu) on the bioconcentration, oxidative stress status and detoxification-related gene expression in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Fish were exposed to Cu (100 μg L-1) and DCF (1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg L-1) alone or in combination for 7 days. Results obtained showed that the treatment of Cu combined with high levels of DCF (100 and 1000 μg L-1) significantly decreased tissue concentrations of DCF and Cu compared to the correspondingly individual exposure. Concerning oxidative stress status, as reflected by the activities of antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde content, low exposure concentrations of DCF (1 and 10 μg L-1) seemed to mitigate the oxidative stress induced by Cu, whereas the co-exposure of Cu with the highest level of DCF (1000 μg L-1) led to stronger oxidative damage in fish liver than Cu exposure alone. With regarding to detoxification-related genes, in most cases, the expressions of cyp 1a, cyp 3a, gstα, gstπ, pxr and P-gp in crucian carp were significantly altered upon exposure to the compounds in combination compared to exposure to the compounds individually. Collectively, these findings indicate the capacity of each of these pollutants to alter bioconcentration potential, pro-oxidative effects and detoxification-related gene responses of the other when both co-occur at specific concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Haiyang Luan
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Danchun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jianhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shisuo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Rimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Sathishkumar P, Meena RAA, Palanisami T, Ashokkumar V, Palvannan T, Gu FL. Occurrence, interactive effects and ecological risk of diclofenac in environmental compartments and biota - a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134057. [PMID: 31783460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has turned into a contaminant of emerging concern; hence, it was included in the previous Watch List of the EU Water Framework Directive. This review paper aims to highlight the metabolism of diclofenac at different trophic levels, its occurrence, ecological risks, and interactive effects in the water cycle and biota over the past two decades. Increased exposure to diclofenac not only raises health concerns for vultures, aquatic organisms, and higher plants but also causes serious threats to mammals. The ubiquitous nature of diclofenac in surface water (river, lake canal, estuary, and sea) is compared with drinking water, groundwater, and wastewater effluent in the environment. This comprehensive survey from previous studies suggests the fate of diclofenac in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and may predict its persistence in the environment. This review offers evidence of fragmentary available data for the water environment, soil, sediment, and biota worldwide and supports the need for further data to address the risks associated with the presence of diclofenac in the environment. Finally, we suggest that the presence of diclofenac and its metabolites in the environment may represent a high risk because of their synergistic interactions with existing contaminants, leading to the development of drug-resistant strains and the formation of newly emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | | | - Thavamani Palanisami
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thayumanavan Palvannan
- Laboratory of Bioprocess and Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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