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Fenyvesi É, Berkl Z, Ligethy L, Fekete-Kertész I, Csizmazia M, Malanga M, Puskás I, Szőcs L, Iványi R, Kese I, Varga E, Szente L, Molnár M. Long-Chain Alkylthio Cyclodextrin Derivatives for Modulation of Quorum-Sensing-Based Bioluminescence in Aliivibrio fischeri Model System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7139. [PMID: 39000246 PMCID: PMC11241527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) allows bacteria to coordinate their activities by producing and detecting low-molecular-weight signal molecules based on population density, thereby controlling the infectivity of bacteria through various virulence factors. Quorum-sensing inhibition is a promising approach to tackle bacterial communication. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a class of cyclic oligosaccharides that reversibly encapsulate the acyl chain of the signal molecules, thereby preventing their binding to receptors and interrupting bacterial communication. This results in the inhibition of the expression of various properties, including different virulence factors. To examine the potential quorum-quenching (QQ) ability of newly prepared cyclodextrin derivatives, we conducted short-term tests using Aliivibrio fischeri, a heterotrophic marine bacterium capable of bioluminescence controlled by quorum sensing. α- and β-cyclodextrins monosubstituted with alkylthio moieties and further derivatized with quaternary ammonium groups were used as the test agents. The effect of these cyclodextrins on the quorum-sensing system of A. fischeri was investigated by adding them to an exponential growth phase of the culture and then measuring bioluminescence intensity, population growth, and cell viability. Our results demonstrate that the tested cyclodextrins have an inhibitory effect on the quorum-sensing system of A. fischeri. The inhibitory effect varies based on the length of the alkyl chain, with alkylthio substitution enhancing it and the presence of quaternary ammonium groups decreasing it. Our findings suggest that cyclodextrins can be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Fenyvesi
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R&D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos út 7, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (R.I.); (I.K.); (E.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Zsófia Berkl
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.B.); (L.L.); (I.F.-K.); (M.C.)
| | - Laura Ligethy
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.B.); (L.L.); (I.F.-K.); (M.C.)
| | - Ildikó Fekete-Kertész
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.B.); (L.L.); (I.F.-K.); (M.C.)
| | - Márton Csizmazia
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.B.); (L.L.); (I.F.-K.); (M.C.)
| | - Milo Malanga
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R&D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos út 7, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (R.I.); (I.K.); (E.V.); (L.S.)
| | - István Puskás
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R&D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos út 7, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (R.I.); (I.K.); (E.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Levente Szőcs
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R&D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos út 7, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (R.I.); (I.K.); (E.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Róbert Iványi
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R&D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos út 7, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (R.I.); (I.K.); (E.V.); (L.S.)
| | - István Kese
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R&D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos út 7, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (R.I.); (I.K.); (E.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Erzsébet Varga
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R&D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos út 7, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (R.I.); (I.K.); (E.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R&D Laboratory Ltd., Illatos út 7, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.S.); (R.I.); (I.K.); (E.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Mónika Molnár
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.B.); (L.L.); (I.F.-K.); (M.C.)
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Cheng R, Huang P, Ding TT, Gu ZW, Tao MT, Liu SS. Time-dependent hormesis transfer from five high-frequency personal care product components to mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118418. [PMID: 38316386 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
There is potential for personal care products (PCPs) components and mixtures to induce hormesis. How hormesis is related to time and transmitted from components to mixtures are not clear. In this paper, we conducted determination of components in 16 PCP products and then ran frequent itemset mining on the component data. Five high-frequency components (HFCs), betaine (BET), 1,3-butanediol (BUT), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), glycerol (GLO), and phenoxyethanol (POE), and 14 mixtures were identified. For each mixture system, one mixture ray with the actual mixture ratios in the products was selected. Time-dependent microplate toxicity analysis was used to test the luminescence inhibition toxicity of five HFCs and 14 mixture rays to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 at 12 concentration gradients and eight exposure times. It is showed that BET, EDTA, POE, and 13 mixture rays containing at least one J-type component showed time-dependent hormesis. Characteristic parameters used to describe hormesis revealed that the absolute value of the maximum stimulatory effect (|Emin|) generally increased with time. Notably, mixtures composed of POE and S-type components showed greater |Emin| than POE alone at the same time. Importantly, the maximum stimulatory effective concentration, NOEC/the zero effective concentration point, and EC50 remained relatively stable. Nine hormesis transmission phenomena were observed in different mixture rays. While all mixtures primarily exhibited additive action, varying degrees of synergism and antagonism were noted in binary mixtures, with no strong synergism or antagonism observed in ternary and quaternary mixtures. These findings offer valuable insights for the screening of HFCs and their mixtures, as well as the study of hormesis transmission in personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting-Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Meng-Ting Tao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Tung TT, Quoc Thang N, Cao Huy N, Bao Phuong P, Ngoc Minh D, Hai Nam N, Nielsen J. Identification of novel phenylalanine derivatives bearing a hydroxamic acid moiety as potent quorum sensing inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1320-1328. [PMID: 38665836 PMCID: PMC11042162 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine derivatives are a well-known small moiety responsible for controlling the virulence factors of several bacteria. Herein, for the first time, we report novel structures of phenylalanine derivatives bearing a hydroxamic acid moiety which were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for use as quorum sensing inhibitors. Biological results reveal that six compounds showed good quorum sensing inhibitors properties with an IC50 ranging from 7.12 ± 2.11 μM-92.34 ± 2.09 μM (4NPO, a reference compound, IC50 = 29.13 ± 0.88 μM). In addition, three out of the six compounds (4a, 4c, 4h) showed strong anti-biofilm formation and CviR inhibitory activity when compared to that of 4NPO. These biological data were also confirmed by computational studies. In this series of compounds, 4h is the most promising compound for future drug development targeting quorum sensing. Our results concluded that the fragment-based drug design is a good approach for the discovery of novel quorum-sensing inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Thanh Tung
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University Hanoi 12116 Vietnam
- PHENIKAA Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), PHENIKAA University Hanoi 12116 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quoc Thang
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy 13-15 Le Thanh Tong Hanoi Vietnam
- Vinmec International Hospital Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Cao Huy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University Hanoi 12116 Vietnam
| | - Pham Bao Phuong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University Hanoi 12116 Vietnam
| | - Dinh Ngoc Minh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University Hanoi 12116 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hai Nam
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy 13-15 Le Thanh Tong Hanoi Vietnam
| | - John Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen Denmark
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Yang W, Gao P, Liu D, Wang W, Wang H, Zhu L. Integrating transcriptomics and biochemical analysis to understand the interactive mechanisms of the coexisting exposure of nanoplastics and erythromycin on Chlorella pyrenoidosa. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140869. [PMID: 38061561 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics and antibiotics frequently co-exist in water polluted by algal blooms, but little information is available about interaction between substances. Erythromycin, as a representative of antibiotics, has been frequently detected in aquatic environments. This investigation attempted to reveal the interaction mechanism of nanoplastics and erythromycin on Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Results demonstrated that the joint toxicity of erythromycin and nanoplastics was dynamic and depended on nanoplastics concentration. Antagonistic effects of 1/2 or 1 EC50 erythromycin and nanoplastic concentration (10 mg/L) on the growth of C. pyrenoidosa was observed. The joint toxicity of 1/2 or 1 EC50 erythromycin and nanoplastic concentration (50 mg/L) was initially synergistic during 24-48 h and then turned to antagonistic during 72-96 h. Consequently, antagonistic effect was the endpoint for joint toxicity. Integration of transcriptomics and physiological biochemical analysis indicated that the co-existence of nanoplastics and erythromycin affected the signal transduction and molecular transport of algal cell membrane, induced intracellular oxidative stress, and hindered photosynthetic efficiency. Overall, this study provided a theoretical basis for evaluating the interactive mechanisms of nanoplastics and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Yang
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Pan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Hanzhi Wang
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Liandong Zhu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
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Lin H, Ning X, Wang D, Wang Q, Bai Y, Qu J. Quorum-sensing gene regulates hormetic effects induced by sulfonamides in Comamonadaceae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0166223. [PMID: 38047646 PMCID: PMC10734536 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01662-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Antibiotics can induce dose-dependent hormetic effects on bacterial cell proliferation, i.e., low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. However, the underlying molecular basis has yet to be clarified. Here, we showed that sulfonamides play dual roles as a weapon and signal against Comamonas testosteroni that can modulate cell physiology and phenotype. Subsequently, through investigating the hormesis mechanism, we proposed a comprehensive regulatory pathway for the hormetic effects of Comamonas testosteroni low-level sulfonamides and determined the generality of the observed regulatory model in the Comamonadaceae family. Considering the prevalence of Comamonadaceae in human guts and environmental ecosystems, we provide critical insights into the health and ecological effects of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Ning
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Donglin Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaojuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lami R, Urios L, Molmeret M, Grimaud R. Quorum sensing in biofilms: a key mechanism to target in ecotoxicological studies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:786-804. [PMID: 36334083 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2142089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our environment is heavily contaminated by anthropogenic compounds, and this issue constitutes a significant threat to all life forms, including biofilm-forming microorganisms. Cell-cell interactions shape microbial community structures and functions, and pollutants that affect intercellular communications impact biofilm functions and ecological roles. There is a growing interest in environmental science fields for evaluating how anthropogenic pollutants impact cell-cell interactions. In this review, we synthesize existing literature that evaluates the impacts of quorum sensing (QS), which is a widespread density-dependent communication system occurring within many bacterial groups forming biofilms. First, we examine the perturbating effects of environmental contaminants on QS circuits; and our findings reveal that QS is an essential yet underexplored mechanism affected by pollutants. Second, our work highlights that QS is an unsuspected and key resistance mechanism that assists bacteria in dealing with environmental contamination (caused by metals or organic pollutants) and that favors bacterial growth in unfavourable environments. We emphasize the value of considering QS a critical mechanism for monitoring microbial responses in ecotoxicology. Ultimately, we determine that QS circuits constitute promising targets for innovative biotechnological approaches with major perspectives for applications in the field of environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Lami
- Sorbonne Université, USR3579, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, USR 3579, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Laurent Urios
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Maëlle Molmeret
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA4323, Avenue de l'université, BP 20132, La Garde Cedex, France
| | - Régis Grimaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
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Wang N, Sun J, Ma X, Yang X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Wang J, Ge C. A study of long-term toxicity of multiple mixtures with hormetic effects by the characteristic parameter σ 2(k∙ECx) and stepwise method. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104133. [PMID: 37116630 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A previous study found that the characteristic parameter σ2(k∙ECx) (the concentration ECx and slope k of the concentrationresponse curve (CRC) at the effect x %) can predict the acute combined toxicity of multiple mixtures with S-shaped CRCs. In this paper, the competence of σ2(k∙ECx) to predict the long-term toxicity of multiple mixtures with J-shaped CRCs was explored using the Aliivibrio fischeri as the test organism. The combined toxicity was evaluated by the independent action (IA) model and the effect ratio (ERx) model. The stepwise method was used to divide J-shaped CRC into ML and MR (SL and SR). The results showed that the σ2(k∙ECx) and ERx of each segment was in good agreement with the exponential function. A new type of mixture was added to the original type A and type B, whose rules of interaction were opposite to those of type B (named opposite B, OB). This paper improves the understanding and analysis of the J-shaped CRCs in environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiajing Sun
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhong Zhou
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengmin Ge
- Shandong Dongyuan New Material Technology Co., Ltd, Dongying 257300, Shandong, China
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Zhao Y, Huang Y, Hu S, Xu T, Fang Y, Liu H, Xi Y, Qu R. Combined effects of fluoroquinolone antibiotics and organophosphate flame retardants on Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53050-53062. [PMID: 36853534 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As freshwater harmful algal blooms continue to rise in frequency and severity, increasing focus is made on the effects of mixed pollutants and the dominant cyanobacterial species Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa). However, few studies have investigated whether M. aeruginosa has a synergistic relationship with two common pollutants, namely, organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs). In this paper, three FQs and three OPFRs commonly detected in freshwaters were selected to construct a ternary mixture of FQs, a ternary mixture of OPFRs, and a six-component mixture of OPFRs and FQs. The effects of single substance and mixture on the growth of M. aeruginosa were determined at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and the toxicities of the mixture were evaluated by concentration addition model and independent action model. The results showed that the mixture of FQs and the mixture of OPFRs do not show toxicological interaction. However, partial mixtures of OPFRs and FQs showed antagonism or synergism at different concentrations and times. This indicated that combined toxicities of OPFRs and FQs on M. aeruginosa were mixture ratio dependent, concentration dependent and time dependent. This study improves our understanding of the role of OPFRs and FQs in cyanobacterial outbreaks of Microcystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Huang
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfen Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Huigang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xi
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Qu
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Shen H, Yang M, Wang J, Zou X, Tong D, Zhang Y, Tang L, Sun H, Yang L. Dose-dependent joint resistance action of antibacterial mixtures in their hormetic effects on bacterial resistance based on concentration addition model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160574. [PMID: 36455746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The judgment of joint resistance action is significant for evaluating the resistance risk of antibacterial mixture. Using bacterial mutation frequency (MF) and conjugative transfer frequency (CTF) to respectively characterize the bacterial endogenous and exogenous resistance, mutation unit and conjugative transfer unit have been proposed to judge the joint resistance action of antibacterial mixture at a certain dose. However, these methods could not evaluate the antibacterial mixture's joint resistance action at a larger concentration-range. In this study, the concentration addition for bacterial resistance (CA-BR) approach was used to judge the joint resistance actions between kanamycin sulfate (KAN) and some other typical antibacterial agents, including sulfonamides (SAs), sulfonamide potentiators (SAPs), and silver antibacterial compounds (SACs). Through comparing the hormetic dose-response curves of the binary mixtures on the MF (or CTF) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the corresponding CA-BR curves calculated from the hormetic dose-responses of the single agents, the joint resistance actions between KAN and other agents were judged to exhibit dose-dependent feature: with the increase of mixture concentration, the joint mutation actions between KAN and SAs (or SAPs) were fixed at synergism, and the joint mutation actions between KAN and SACs varied from antagonism to synergism; the joint conjugative transfer actions between KAN and other agents changed from antagonism to synergism. Mechanistic explanation suggested that the heterogeneous pattern of joint resistance action had a close relationship with the interplays among the agents' modes of action, and meanwhile was significantly influenced by their joint survival pressure on E. coli. This study reveals the dose-dependent feature for the joint resistance action of antibacterial mixture and highlights the importance of exposure concentration, which will benefit clarifying the resistance risk of antibacterial mixture in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Mingru Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Danqing Tong
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, China
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10
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The Hormetic Response of Soil P Extraction Induced by Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormetic effect is a toxicological phenomenon in the soil ecosystem. The influence of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on the release and activation of soil phosphorus (P) has become the focus of toxicological research. To what extent LMWOAs can regulate the hormetic effect of P release and then influence soil P nutrients is worth attention. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different types and concentrations of exogenous LMWOAs on P extraction, establish the relationship between the concentration of LMWOAs and P extraction efficiency, and calculate the hormetic parameters to understand the mechanism of types and concentrations of LMWOAs in P extraction efficiency. Four organic acids, i.e., citric, oxalic, tartaric, and malic acids, induced hormetic effects on P extraction that were concentration dependent. The relationship between LMWOAs and P extraction efficiency was explained by a quadratic polynomial equation. The critical threshold of citric acid concentration was similar to that of oxalic acid, whereas that of tartaric acid was similar to that of malic acid. The critical thresholds of the P concentration extracted by malic acid and citric acid were higher than those extracted by oxalic acid and tartaric acid due to the differences in the structure and properties of LMWOAs. The critical thresholds of P extraction efficiency of oxalic acid were lower than those of the other three organic acid types. These results provide evidence for the use of citric acid and malic acid to increase soil P.
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11
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Wang N, Zhang H, Ma X, Zhang J, Sun J, Wang X, Zhou J, Wang J, Ge C. Joint action of binary mixtures based on parameter k·EC x from concentration-response curves in long-term toxicity assay. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103917. [PMID: 35779704 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A previous acute toxicity study of binary mixtures showed that the combined toxicity can be predicted with the parameter k∙ECx. To systematically investigate the ability of k∙ECx to predict the chronic combined toxicity of binary mixtures, the toxicity of six contaminants and five binary mixtures was determined by long-term microplate toxicity analysis (L-MTA) using Aliivibrio fischeri as the test organism. The independent action model (IA) and the relative model deviation ratio (rMDR) were employed to determine the relationship between the Δ(k∙ECx)% and rMDRx. The results showed that these two factors conformed to the exponential function in long-term toxicity. Owing to the time-dependence of toxicity, the mixture type of chronic toxicity changes to the relative type of acute toxicity. If the acute toxicity of binary mixtures changes their mode of joint action throughout the concentration range, the chronic toxicity will also change their mode of joint action, and vice versa. This study clarified the change rules of the joint action of binary mixtures in acute and chronic toxicity which can promote research on chronic toxicity of binary mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Huanle Zhang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Laboratory of Environment Engineering, Shaanxi, Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingkun Zhang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajing Sun
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Laboratory of Environment Engineering, Shaanxi, Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhong Zhou
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of arts and sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengmin Ge
- Shandong Dongyuan New Material Technology Co., Ltd, Dongying 257300, Shandong, China
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12
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Zhang Y, Gao Q, Liu SS, Tang L, Li XG, Sun H. Hormetic dose-response of halogenated organic pollutants on Microcystis aeruginosa: Joint toxic action and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154581. [PMID: 35304143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quinolones (QNs), dechloranes (DECs), and chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are three kinds of new halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs), which originate from the use of flame retardants, lubricants and pesticides. Since QNs, DECs, and CPs are frequently detected in waters and sediments, it is necessary to investigate the toxic effects of these HOPs with dwelling phytoplankton, especially for cyanobacteria, to explore their potential hormetic effects and contributions to algal blooms. In the present study, we investigate single and joint toxicity of QNs, DECs and CPs on Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), a cyanobacterium that is frequently implicated with algal blooms. The results indicate single QNs and DECs induce marked hormetic effects on the proliferation of M. aeruginosa but CPs do not. The stimulatory effect of hormesis is linked with accelerated replication of DNA, which is considered to stem from the moderate rise in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Joint toxicity tests reveal that both QNs & CPs mixtures and DECs & CPs mixtures show hormetic effects on M. aeruginosa, but QNs & DECs mixtures show no hormetic effect. QNs & DECs mixtures exhibit synergistic toxic actions, which may be caused by a sharp rise in intracellular ROS simultaneously produced by the agents. Joint toxic actions of both QNs & CPs, and DECs & CPs shift from addition to antagonism as concentration increases, and this shift may mainly depend on the influence of CPs on cell membrane hydrophobicity of M. aeruginosa. This study provides data and toxic mechanisms for the hormetic phenomenon of single and joint HOPs on M. aeruginosa. The hormetic effects of HOPs may benefit the proliferation of M. aeruginosa in the aquatic environment, aggravating the formation of algal blooms. This study also reflects the important role of hormesis in environmental risk assessment of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xin-Gui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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13
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Tang L, Tong D, Zhang Y, Wang J, Sun H. A simple judgment method for joint action of antibacterial agents on bacterial resistance. MethodsX 2022; 9:101700. [PMID: 35518915 PMCID: PMC9062344 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe pollution of bacterial resistance induced by the wide and even indiscriminate use of antibacterial agents has posed serious threats to human health and ecological safety. Furthermore, the combined effects of antibacterial agents have a closer relationship with the pollution of bacterial resistance than single antibacterial agent. However, there is little information regarding how multiple antibacterial agents interplay to induce bacterial resistance. Here, we developed a simple judgment method with five basic procedures for the joint action of antibacterial agents on bacterial resistance, involving toxicity determination, mutation frequency determination, conjugative transfer frequency determination, dose-response relationship fitting, key parameters obtaining, and joint resistance action judgment. This proposed approach was validated through investigating the joint resistance action between silver nanoparticle (AgNP) and 1-pyrrolidino-1-cyclohexene (1P1C, a kind of quorum sensing inhibitors). According to the procedures, the mutation unit and conjugative transfer unit for the AgNP-1P1C mixture were calculated to be 64.27 and 5.10, respectively, indicating the antagonism for their joint resistance action. This method can not only benefit the mechanistic explanation for how mixed antibacterial agents stimulate the bacterial resistance, but also guide the environmental risk assessment and clinical use of combined antibacterial agents in the related fields. • We present a novel method to judge the joint resistance action of antibacterial agents, taking the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes into account. • Toxicity determination can help to design the mixtures of antibacterial agents and confirm the appropriate test concentration range of antibacterial agents used in mutation frequency and conjugative transfer frequency determination. • The mutation unit and conjugative transfer unit were proposed according to the toxic unit in the judgment of joint toxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Danqing Tong
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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14
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Tang L, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Sun H. The role of energy/substrate in microbial hormesis. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Agathokleous E, Santocono C, Russo F, Vetrani I, Fedele M, Calabrese EJ. Hormetic dose responses induced by antibiotics in bacteria: A phantom menace to be thoroughly evaluated to address the environmental risk and tackle the antibiotic resistance phenomenon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149255. [PMID: 34340082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The environmental contamination of antibiotics caused by their over or inappropriate use is a major issue for environmental and human health since it can adversely impact the ecosystems and promote the antimicrobial resistance. Indeed, considering that in the environmental matrices these drugs are present at low levels, the possibility that bacteria exhibit a hormetic response to increase their resilience when exposed to antibiotic subinhibitory concentrations might represent a serious threat. Information reported in this review showed that exposure to different types of antibiotics, either administered individually or in mixtures, is capable of exerting hormetic effects on bacteria at environmentally relevant concentrations. These responses have been reported regardless of the type of bacterium or antibiotic, thus suggesting that hormesis would be a generalized adaptive mechanism implemented by bacteria to strengthen their resistance to antibiotics. Hormetic effects included growth, bioluminescence and motility of bacteria, their ability to produce biofilm, but also the frequency of mutation and plasmid conjugative transfer. The evaluation of quantitative features of antibiotic-induced hormesis showed that these responses have both maximum stimulation and dose width characteristics similar to those already reported in the literature for other stressors. Notably, mixtures comprising individual antibiotic inducing stimulatory responses might have distinct combined effects based on antagonistic, synergistic or additive interactions between components. Regarding the molecular mechanisms of action underlying the aforementioned effects, we put forward the hypothesis that the adoption of adaptive/defensive responses would be driven by the ability of antibiotic low doses to modulate the transcriptional activity of bacteria. Overall, our findings suggest that hormesis plays a pivotal role in affecting the bacterial behavior in order to acquire a survival advantage. Therefore, a proactive and effective risk assessment should necessarily take due account of the hormesis concept to adequately evaluate the risks to ecosystems and human health posed by antibiotic environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Luca Fontana
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Carolina Santocono
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesco Russo
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vetrani
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mauro Fedele
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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16
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Portillo AE, Readel E, Armstrong DW. Production of both l- and d- N-acyl-homoserine lactones by Burkholderia cepacia and Vibrio fischeri. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1242. [PMID: 34964286 PMCID: PMC8591449 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a complex process in which molecules, such as l-N-acyl-homoserine lactones (l-AHLs), are produced as essential signaling molecules allowing bacteria to detect and respond to cell population density by gene regulation. Few studies have considered the natural production and role of the opposite enantiomers, d-AHLs. In this work, production of d,l-AHLs by Burkholderia cepacia and Vibrio fischeri was monitored over time, with significant amounts of d-AHLs detected. Bioluminescence of V. fischeri was observed with maximum bioluminescence correlating with the maximum concentrations of both l- and d- octanoyl-homoserine lactones (l- and d-OHL). l-Methionine, a precursor to l-AHLs, was examined via supplementation studies conducted by growing three parallel cultures of B. cepacia in M9 minimal media with added l-, d-, or d,l-methionine and observing their effect on the production of d,l-AHL by B. cepacia. The results show that addition of any methionine (l-, d-, or d,l-) does not affect the overall ratio of l- to d-AHLs, that is d-AHL production was not selectively enhanced by d-methionine addition. However, the overall AHL (l- and d-) concentration does increase with the addition of any methionine supplement. These findings indicate the possibility of a distinct biosynthetic pathway for d-AHL production, possibly exposing a new dimension within bacterial communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiud E. Portillo
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA
| | - Elizabeth Readel
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA
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17
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Shen H, Liu Y, Liu Y, Duan Z, Wu P, Lin Z, Sun H. Hormetic dose-responses for silver antibacterial compounds, quorum sensing inhibitors, and their binary mixtures on bacterial resistance of Escherichia coli. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147464. [PMID: 33965827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silver antibacterial compounds (SACs) and quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs), as the potential antibiotic substitutes, have been recommended to prevent and treat microbial infections for the purpose of controlling the increasingly serious bacterial resistance induced by the abuse of antibiotics. However, there is little information regarding the resistance risk of these compounds, especially their mixtures. In this study, bacterial mutation and RP4 plasmid conjugative transfer among bacteria were used to characterize the bacterial endogenous and exogenous resistance, respectively. The effects of SACs (including silver nitrate (AgNO3) and silver nanoparticle (AgNP)), QSIs, and their binary mixtures on the bacterial resistance were investigated via setting the frequency of mutation and conjugative transfer in Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the test endpoints. The results indicated that these two endpoints exhibited hormetic dose-responses to each treatment. Furthermore, the joint resistance actions between SACs and QSIs were all judged to be antagonism. Correlation analysis suggested that the promotion of the bacterial resistance in each treatment was closely related to its toxicity. It was speculated that AgNO3 and AgNP might both release Ag+ ions to facilitate the E. coli resistance, while QSIs probably acted on LsrR and SdiA proteins to stimulate the bacterial mutation and accelerate the RP4 plasmid conjugative transfer, respectively. These findings imply that the bacteria may generate targeted stress response to the survival pressure from environmental compounds, displaying hormetic phenomenon in resistance-related test endpoints. This study provides a new insight into the resistance risk induced by SACs and QSIs, benefiting the environmental risk assessment of these compounds from the perspective of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yinan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Zemeng Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Pengpeng Wu
- Huaxin College of Hebei Geo University, Shijiazhuang 050700, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; Post-doctoral Research Station, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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18
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Fan D, Sun J, Liu C, Wang S, Han J, Agathokleous E, Zhu Y. Measurement and modeling of hormesis in soil bacteria and fungi under single and combined treatments of Cd and Pb. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147494. [PMID: 34088122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are considered major environmental pollutants. Soil microorganisms represent a predominant component of soils ecosystems, yet there is little information regarding hormetic responses of soil microorganisms to single and combined exposures to heavy metals. In the present study, to explore and predict the hormetic response of soil microorganisms, dose-response relationships of bacterial and fungal populations to single and combined treatments of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were evaluated. The results revealed hormetic responses of bacterial and fungal populations to both single and combined Cd and Pb treatments. The maximum stimulation (Mmax; relative to control treatment with no metals) of bacterial and fungal populations was 40% at 2 mg Cd/kg and 60% at 160 mg Pb/kg. An enhanced Mmax occurred in bacterial (50%) and fungal (75%) populations in the presence of the binary mixtures of 0.6 mg Cd/kg + 160 mg Pb/kg and 4.0 mg Cd/kg + 200 mg Pb/kg, suggesting positive additivity. This study showed that the hormetic effects of the mixtures were related to the independent effect of Cd and Pb, but they could not be predicted by the single effect of Cd or Pb. These new findings of the hormetic response of soil microorganisms to single treatments of Cd and Pb and their binary mixtures can facilitate the determination and minimization of ecological risks in heavy metal-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwu Fan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jinwei Sun
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Chenglei Liu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Shengyan Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jiangang Han
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Yongli Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
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19
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Wang S, Huang B, Fan D, Agathokleous E, Guo Y, Zhu Y, Han J. Hormetic responses of soil microbiota to exogenous Cd: A step toward linking community-level hormesis to ecological risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125760. [PMID: 33836329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated hormetic responses of soil microbial communities to exogenous Cd by assessing microbial count, bacterial and fungal abundance, and microbial community diversity. We found that the bacterial count (BC) decreased (3-40%) by 0.2-40 mg Cdkg-1. Addition of 0.6-2.0 mgkg-1 significantly increased fungal count (FC) by 7-42%, while addition of 4.0-40 mgkg-1 Cd decreased FC by 29-51%, indicating a hormetic dose response. We also found that the FC/BC ratio increased by 0.6-2.0 mg Cdkg-1, with a maximum stimulation of 51%, and decreased (18-27%) by 4.0-40 mg Cdkg-1. Cd had no adverse effect on the α-diversity of bacterial or fungal communities. For relative abundances (RAs) of bacteria and fungi at phylum level, Bacteroidetes RA exhibited a biphasic dose-response curve, with an 18-24% increase at 0.6-4.0 mgkg-1 and a 10% decrease at 40 mgkg-1 compared with control. The results of FC, FC/BC, and Bacteroidetes RAs suggest that hormesis occurred at microbial community level, with positive effects occurring at 0.6-2.0 mgkg-1. This study can contribute to incorporating microbial community hormesis into the ecological risk assessments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Diwu Fan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yanhui Guo
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Yongli Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China.
| | - Jiangang Han
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze, Jiangsu 223100, China.
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20
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Ning Q, Wang D, You J. Joint effects of antibiotics and quorum sensing inhibitors on resistance development in bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:995-1005. [PMID: 34060581 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00047k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) are promising alternatives to antibiotics. While QSIs have great application potential in a variety of fields, their joint effects with antibiotics on bacteria, especially on antibiotic resistance mutations, remain largely unexplored. Herein, we report the joint effects of four commonly used antibiotics and two QSIs on bacterial growth and resistance mutations in E. coli. It was found that QSIs presented antagonistic or additive effects with antibiotics on bacterial growth, and more importantly, QSIs exhibited an attenuating effect on antibiotic-induced resistance mutations. Further analysis demonstrated that antibiotics might enhance resistance mutations by promoting the expressions of rpoS, lexA and recA, while QSIs attenuated the mutations by promoting the expressions of mutS and uvrD. The present research provides a comprehensive understanding of the joint effects of antibiotics and QSIs on bacteria, which may benefit the risk assessment of their combined exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ning
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Dali Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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Wu S, Li S, Yin J, Yu Z. Hfq and sRNA00002 positively regulate the LuxI/LuxR-type quorum sensing system in Pseudoalteromonas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 571:1-7. [PMID: 34298336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas spp. are Gram-negative bacteria which are ubiquitous in marine environments. Our previous work found that there is a classic LuxI/LuxR-type quorum sensing (QS) system which was named YasI/YasR in Pseudoalteromonas sp. R3, but the factors that control QS in strain R3 are unclear yet. Here, we found that the deficiency of hfq encoding RNA chaperon Hfq down-regulated the transcription levels of yasI encoding acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) synthase and yasR encoding AHLs receptor in strain R3. The assay based on fusion reporter of yasI-lacZ showed that Hfq regulates the expression of yasR at both transcriptional and translational levels. In addition, Hfq affects the expression of yasI via yasR. Further analysis indicated that the 5'UTR region of yasR is necessary for Hfq to control QS. In addition, the deletion of hfq increases the unstability of the target yasR mRNA. Based on transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis together with molecular experiments, Hfq-dependent sRNA00002 was identified to be involved in positively regulating QS in Pseudoalternas sp. R3. It was found that sRNA00002 deficiency causes the decrease in expression of yasI and yasR, and thus abolishes the production of AHLs in strain R3. It was concluded that Hfq-dependent sRNA00002 regulates yasR expression by base-pairing with target yasR mRNA at 5'UTR region and altering the stability of yasR mRNA. Our work paves the way for understanding the regulation mechanism of Hfq-dependent sRNAs on QS in Pseudoalteromonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuangjia Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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Wang ZJ, Chen F, Xu YQ, Huang P, Liu SS. Protein Model and Function Analysis in Quorum-Sensing Pathway of Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:638. [PMID: 34356493 PMCID: PMC8301110 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescent bacteria are mainly found in marine habitats. Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 (Q67), a nonpathogenic freshwater bacterium, has been a focus due to its wide use in the monitoring of environmental pollution and the assessment of toxicity. However, the lack of available crystal structures limits the elucidation of the structures of the functional proteins of the quorum-sensing (QS) system that regulates bacterial luminescence in Q67. In this study, 19 functional proteins were built through monomer and oligomer modeling based on their coding proteins in the QS system of Q67 using MODELLER. Except for the failure to construct LuxM due to the lack of a suitable template, 18 functional proteins were successfully constructed. Furthermore, the relationships between the function and predicted structures of 19 functional proteins were explored one by one according to the three functional classifications: autoinducer synthases and receptors, signal transmission proteins (phosphotransferases, an RNA chaperone, and a transcriptional regulator), and enzymes involved in bacterial bioluminescence reactions. This is the first analysis of the whole process of bioluminescence regulation from the perspective of nonpathogenic freshwater bacteria at the molecular level. It provides a theoretical basis for the explanation of applications of Q67 in which luminescent inhibition is used as the endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Z.-J.W.); (Y.-Q.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;
| | - Ya-Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Z.-J.W.); (Y.-Q.X.)
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Z.-J.W.); (Y.-Q.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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Gao Q, Wang J, Ren L, Cheng Y, Lin Z, Li XG, Sun H. Investigations on the influence of energy source on time-dependent hormesis: A case study of sulfadoxine to Aliivibrio fischeri in different cultivation systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145877. [PMID: 33621878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hormesis is a biphasic dose-response relationship featured by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. Although the hormetic phenomenon has been extensively studied over the past decades, there is little information regarding the influence of energy source on the occurrence of hormesis, especially the time-dependent one. In this study, to explore the role of cultivation system's energy source in time-dependent hormesis, the toxic dose-responses of Aliivibrio fischeri (A. fischeri) bioluminescence to Sulfadoxine (SDX) during 24 h were determined in four cultivation systems with different energy source conditions. The results indicated that the time-dependent hormetic effects were induced by SDX in all cultivation systems: SDX triggered hormetic phenomenon on the bioluminescence at each growth stage over 24 h in the cultivation systems with sufficient and insufficient energy source; due to the diauxic growth of A. fischeri under multiple energy source conditions, the hormetic effects of SDX gradually disappeared after the preferred energy source was used up. It was speculated that the inhibitory action of SDX was derived from its interaction with DHPS to impede the synthesis of proteins, and SDX bound with AC to upregulate the quorum sensing (QS) system to exhibit the stimulatory action. Comparing the time-dependent hormesis in each cultivation system, it was obtained that the energy source could impact the hourly maximum stimulatory rate, the EC50 of SDX, and the time point that hormesis occurred, which might result from the influence of energy source on the stimulatory and inhibitory actions of SDX through regulating the metabolic system (individual level) and QS system (group level) of bacteria. This study clarifies the importance of energy source for hormesis occurrence, which may further promote the development of hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Longfei Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yifei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Gui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; Post-doctoral Research Station, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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24
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Fan D, Wang S, Guo Y, Zhu Y, Agathokleous E, Ahmad S, Han J. Cd induced biphasic response in soil alkaline phosphatase and changed soil bacterial community composition: The role of background Cd contamination and time as additional factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143771. [PMID: 33229081 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hormesis is an intriguing phenomenon characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. The hormetic phenomena have been frequently reported in the past decades, but the researches on the biphasic responses of soil enzymes are still limited. The main objective of this study is to explore dose response of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to Cd (0, 0.003, 0.03, 0.3, 3.0 and 30 mg/kg) in the presence of different levels of background Cd contamination (bulk soil with no added Cd, BS; low background Cd, LB; medium background Cd, MB; and high background Cd, HB). ALP activity at 0.003-0.3 mg Cd/kg was 13-39% higher than that of the control (0 mg Cd/kg) for HB after 7 d. Similarly, the enzyme activities at 0.003-0.03 mg Cd/kg were 2-25% and 14-17% higher than those of the controls for MB and HB after 60 d. After 90 d, ALP activities at 0.3-3.0 mg Cd/kg increased by 11-17% for LB. The dose-response curves had the shape of an inverted U, showing biphasic responses at days 7 (HB), 60 (MB and HB) and 90 (LB). After 60 days of exposure, total operational taxonomic units (OTU) numbers and unique species exposed to Cd stress displayed hormetic-response curve for MB. The relative abundances of Agrobacterium, Salinimicrobiums, Bacilllus, and Oceanobacillus displayed significantly positive correlations with ALP activity. This suggested that bacterial communities potentially contribute to ALP's hormesis. This study further provides new insights into the ecological mechanisms of pollutant-induced hormesis, and substantially contributes to the ecological risk assessment of Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwu Fan
- College of Biological and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shengyan Wang
- College of Biological and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yanhui Guo
- College of Biological and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yongli Zhu
- College of Biological and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China.
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA.
| | - Jiangang Han
- College of Biological and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Cyclodextrin-mediated quorum quenching in the Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence model system – Modulation of bacterial communication. Int J Pharm 2021; 594:120150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Sun H, Calabrese EJ, Lin Z, Lian B, Zhang X. Similarities between the Yin/Yang Doctrine and Hormesis in Toxicology and Pharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:544-556. [PMID: 32564900 PMCID: PMC7302776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hormesis is a generalizable dose-response relationship characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. Despite debate over this biphasic dose-response curve, hormesis is challenging central beliefs in the evaluation of chemicals or drugs and has influenced biological model selection, concentration range, study design, and hypothesis testing. We integrate the traditional Chinese philosophy - Yin/Yang doctrine - into the representation of the Western hormetic dose-response relationship and review the Yin/Yang historical philosophy contained in the hormesis concept, aiming to promote general acceptance and wider applications of hormesis. We suggest that the Yin/Yang doctrine embodies the hormetic dose-response, including the relationship between the opposing components, curve shape, and time-dependence, and may afford insights that clarify the hormetic dose-response relationship in toxicology and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Post-Doctoral Research Station, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Baoling Lian
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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27
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Liu C, Li G, Mo L, Hou M, Zhang J. Alteration in concentration-response curves of four N-alkylpyridinium chloride by exposure concentration, time and in their mixtures by uniform design. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136493. [PMID: 31935547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concentration-response curves (CRCs) of chemicals are important in extrapolating their effects from laboratory studies to their risk assessment in the field. Yet, the CRCs can be altered by exposure concentration and mixture conditions, and also by exposure time in recent reports. Presently, ionic liquids (N-alkylpyridinium chloride, [apyr]Cl) were used for CRC-alteration studies. In individual effects on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67 (Q67) from 0.25 to 24 h, the CRCs of [epyr]Cl and [bpyr]Cl changed from S- to J-shaped with decreases in inhibition and increases in stimulation, while the CRCs of [hpyr]Cl changed from S- to flat-shape with decreases in inhibition but without stimulation. In mixture effects on Q67, the CRCs all changed from S- to J-shaped from 0.25 to 24 h. By means of the variable selection and modeling method based on the prediction (VSMP), the CRC-alterations of mixtures were positively contributed by [epyr]Cl but negatively contributed by [bpyr]Cl. Furthermore, a parameter was developed by the area of a triangular that combined acute inhibition (EC50,0.25h) and chronic stimulation (Zero-effect Point, i.e., ZEP24h and the minimum inhibition effect, i.e., Emin,24h). This parameter successfully evaluated the CRC-alterations in both individual and mixture effects over time, and indicated potential interactions in CRC-alteration in mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Liu
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Gaotian Li
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Lingyun Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Meifang Hou
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
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28
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Li Z, Yi X, Zhou H, Chi T, Li W, Yang K. Combined effect of polystyrene microplastics and dibutyl phthalate on the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113604. [PMID: 31761578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of polystyrene microplastics (mPS) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a common plastic additive, on the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa was investigated in the present study. The 96 h-IC50 value of DBP was 2.41 mg L-1. Polystyrene microplastics exhibited size-dependent inhibitory effect to C. pyrenoidosa, with the 96 h-IC50 at 6.90 and 7.19 mg L-1 for 0.1 and 0.55 μm mPS respectively, but little toxicity was observed for 5 μm mPS. The interaction parameter ρ based on the response additive response surface (RARS) model varied from -0.309 to 5.845, indicating the interaction pattern varying with exposure concentrations of chemical mixtures. A modified RARS model (taking ρ as a function of exposure concentration) was constructed and could well predict the combined toxicity of mPS and DBP. More than 20% reduction of DBP was observed at 20 mg L-1 mPS, while 1 mg L-1 mPS had no significant effect on the bioavailability of DBP at different sampling time points. Volume, morphological complexity and chlorophyll fluorescence intensity of microalgal cells were disturbed by both DBP and mPS. The antagonistic effect of high concentrations of mPS might be partially attributed to the combination of hetero- and homo-aggregation and the reduced bioavailability of DBP. The overall findings of the present study profiled the combined toxic effects of mPS and DBP on marine phytoplankton species which will be helpful for further evaluation of ecological risks of mPS and DBP in marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochuan Li
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Xianliang Yi
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Tongtong Chi
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Wentao Li
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Kaiming Yang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
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Sun H, Pan Y, Chen X, Jiang W, Lin Z, Yin C. Regular time-dependent cross-phenomena induced by hormesis: A case study of binary antibacterial mixtures to Aliivibrio fischeri. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109823. [PMID: 31639641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Time-dependent cross-phenomenon in which the cross between the actual concentration-response curve (CRC) for mixture crosses the CRCs for reference model varies with time has been frequently reported in previous studies, expressed as a heterogeneous pattern of joint toxic action. However, the variation tendency of time-dependent cross-phenomenon is rarely addressed. In this study, the joint toxic actions of binary antibacterial mixtures (i.e., two quorum sensing inhibitors, tetracycline hydrochloride, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol with sulfonamides) were judged using independent action (IA) model to find the variation tendency of time-dependent cross-phenomenon. The results show that the time-dependent cross-phenomena of the test binary antibacterial mixtures follow a unified variation tendency and the corresponding joint toxic actions change regularly with an increase of both concentration and time. Through investigating the relationship between the stimulatory and inhibitory modes of action for the single agents and the time-dependent cross-phenomena of binary mixtures, the regular time-dependent cross-phenomena is speculated to be derived from the hormetic effects of the components in the mixtures. This study offers an advance for the variation tendency and mechanistic explanation of time-dependent cross-phenomenon, which will provide a support for the future development in the exploration of time-dependent cross-phenomenon and environmental risk assessment of pollutant mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Post-doctoral Research Station, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzheng Pan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Shanghai Customs Inspection Center of Industrial Products & Raw Material, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shanghai Customs Inspection Center of Industrial Products & Raw Material, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Chunsheng Yin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Ge H, Zhou M, Lv D, Wang M, Xie D, Yang X, Dong C, Li S, Lin P. Novel Segmented Concentration Addition Method to Predict Mixture Hormesis of Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride and Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride to Aliivibrio fischeri. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E481. [PMID: 31940888 PMCID: PMC7013428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis is a concentration-response phenomenon characterized by low-concentration stimulation and high-concentration inhibition, which typically has a nonmonotonic J-shaped concentration-response curve (J-CRC). The concentration addition (CA) model is the gold standard for studying mixture toxicity. However, the CA model had the predictive blind zone (PBZ) for mixture J-CRC. To solve the PBZ problem, we proposed a segmented concentration addition (SCA) method to predict mixture J-CRC, which was achieved through fitting the left and right segments of component J-CRC and performing CA prediction subsequently. We selected two model compounds including chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTCC) and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTCC), both of which presented J-CRC to Aliivibrio fischeri (AVF). The seven binary mixtures (M1-M7) of CTCC and OTCC were designed according to their molar ratios of 12:1, 10:3, 8:5, 1:1, 5:8, 3:10, and 1:12 referring to the direct equipartition ray design. These seven mixtures all presented J-CRC to AVF. Based on the SCA method, we obtained mixture maximum stimulatory effect concentration (ECm) and maximum stimulatory effect (Em) predicted by SCA, both of which were not available for the CA model. The toxicity interactions of these mixtures were systematically evaluated by using a comprehensive approach, including the co-toxicity coefficient integrated with confidence interval method (CTCICI), CRC, and isobole analysis. The results showed that the interaction types were additive and antagonistic action, without synergistic action. In addition, we proposed the cross point (CP) hypothesis for toxic interactive mixtures presenting J-CRC, that there was generally a CP between mixture observed J-CRC and CA predicted J-CRC; the relative positions of observed and predicted CRCs on either side of the CP would exchange, but the toxic interaction type of mixtures remained unchanged. The CP hypothesis needs to be verified by more mixtures, especially those with synergism. In conclusion, the SCA method is expected to have important theoretical and practical significance for mixture hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Ge
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Min Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Daizhu Lv
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Defang Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Xinfeng Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Cunzhu Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Shuhuai Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Peng Lin
- Fujian SCUD Power Technology Co., Ltd., Fujian 350004, China;
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31
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Qu R, Liu SS, Wang ZJ, Chen F. A novel method based on similarity and triangulation for predicting the toxicities of various binary mixtures. J Theor Biol 2019; 480:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sun H, Yao Z, Wang D, Wu X, Lin Z, Liu Y. A deep insight into the toxic mechanism for sulfonamides based on bacterial cell-cell communication. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:185-193. [PMID: 31128438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides (SAs), a kind of commonly used antibiotics, have been frequently detected in the environment. Due to their potential threat to the ecological environment, the toxicity of SAs to bacteria have been determined in depth, and the toxic mechanism is found to target dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS). However, other toxic mechanism may also exist for SAs, which is still unclear to us. In this paper, the toxic mechanism of sulfachloropyridazine (SCP, as a representative of SAs) was investigated thoroughly on Aliivibrio fischeri (A. fischeri) from the perspective of quorum sensing (QS). The results reveal that SCP may act on three signaling pathways, i.e., Pathway I, II and III, which triggers, maintains and destroys the homeostasis of A. fischeri respectively. In Pathway I, SCP changes the active form of LitR that regulates the expression of lux-related genes, inducing inhibition on bacterial growth while stimulation on luminescence; in Pathway II, SCP facilitates the production of C6HSL signaling molecules, maintaining the homeostasis in LitR and DHPS proteins; whereas in Pathway III, SCP typically combines with DHPS to inhibit the folate metabolism. This study can provide a deeper and more comprehensive understanding on the toxicity of SAs and help the environmental risk assessment of SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Post-doctoral Research Station, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Environmental Protection Section of Guixi, Guixi 335400, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China
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Sun H, Zheng M, Song J, Huang S, Pan Y, Gong R, Lin Z. Multiple-species hormetic phenomena induced by indole: A case study on the toxicity of indole to bacteria, algae and human cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:46-55. [PMID: 30530218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hormesis is a dose-response relationship phenomenon characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. Although hormetic phenomena have been reported in broadly ranging biological areas, there is still no unified mechanism of hormesis. Investigating multiple-species hormesis of one compound and then exploring the possible mechanism may be an effective approach to clarify the reason for the occurrence of hormetic phenomena in a broad range of organisms. In this study, indole was selected as the test chemical due to the broad biological and hormetic effects of indole compounds. The results show that indole induces multiple-species hormetic phenomena in bacteria (Aliivibrio fischeri (A. fischeri), Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis), algae (Microcystis aeruginosa and Selenastrum capricornutum), and human cells (human skin fibroblasts and human cervical cancer cells). Through in-depth investigation of the time-dependent hormetic effects of indole, indole derivatives and indole's structural analogs on the bioluminescence of A. fischeri, indole ring has been identified as the potential key structure that causes indole to act on quorum sensing of A. fischeri to induce hormetic effects on the bioluminescence at lag, logarithmic, and stationary phases. Therefore, the occurrence of multiple-species hormetic phenomena is speculated to be derived from the action of indole on the cell-to-cell communication of organism cells. This paper can not only further confirm the generalizability of hormesis but also provide a reasonable explanation for hormesis, which will benefit the development of hormesis and the risk assessment of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jinyuan Song
- China Solid Waste and Chemical Management Technology Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shengyou Huang
- Shanghai International Studies University Bilingual School, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongzheng Pan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ruochong Gong
- Shanghai Foreign Language Primary School Affiliated to Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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