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Caioni G, Merola C, Perugini M, Angelozzi G, Amorena M, Benedetti E, Lucon-Xiccato T, Bertolucci C. Sodium valproate effects on the morphological and neurobehavioral phenotype of zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 110:104500. [PMID: 38977114 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The anticonvulsant sodium valproate (SV) is frequently administered as a medicament but bears several negative effects in case of exposure during development. We analyzed extensively these early development effects of using the zebrafish model. Zebrafish embryos were exposed as eggs to two sublethal concentrations of SV, 10 and 25 mg/L. A general embryo toxicity analysis revealed extended anomalies in the cardiovascular system, and in the craniofacial and the spinal skeleton, as well as high mortality, in the embryos exposed to SV. The teratogenic potential of SV was confirmed in hacthed larvae by morphometric and cartilage profile analysis. Last, neurobehavioral impairments due to SV were highlighted in subjects' activity, anxiety, response to stimulations, habituation learning, and daily synchronization of locomotor activity, overall mirroring typical phenotypes associated with autistic spectrum disorders. In conclusion, our results confirmed the presence of extended and multifaced impacts of exposure to SV during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Caioni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy; Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Carmine Merola
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Monia Perugini
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Angelozzi
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Michele Amorena
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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2
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Oger MJL, Vermeulen O, Lambert J, Madanu TL, Kestemont P, Cornet V. Down to size: Exploring the influence of plastic particle Dimensions on physiological and nervous responses in early-stage zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124094. [PMID: 38703983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The chorion is the first protective barrier set to prevent numerous pollutants from damaging the developing embryo. However, depending on their size, some nanoplastics (NPs) can pass through this barrier and reach the embryo, while all microplastics (MPs) remain on the outside. This study brings a straight approach to compare MPs and NPs, and assess their direct and indirect effects on zebrafish embryos and larvae. Zebrafish eggs were exposed before 2 h post fertilization (hpf) to polystyrene MPs (5 μm) and NPs (250 nm) at a concentration of 1000 μg/L until 96 hpf. Physiotoxicity and neurotoxicity were assessed prior and post-hatching through several biomarkers. Response to hypoxia (upregulation of hif-1aa and hif-1ab) were found in embryos exposed to MPs, and partly found in those exposed to NPs. Embryos exposed to NPs showed significant tachycardia, reduced O2 consumption and increased apoptosis in the eyes, whereas MPs affected the expressions of all genes related to the neurodevelopment of embryos (elavl3, pax2a, pax6a, act1b). Post-hatching, physiological responses were muted. MPs and NPs exposures ended by evaluating larval behaviours during dark-and-light cycles. Both sizes of plastic particles negatively affected the visual motor response (VMR) and vibrational startle response (VSR). Thigmotaxis levels were significantly increased by NPs whereas MPs showed anxiolytic properties. This study shows that both MPs and NPs affect the physiology and neurodevelopment of zebrafish at different levels, before and after hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde J L Oger
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61-B-5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Océane Vermeulen
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61-B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Lambert
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61-B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Thomas L Madanu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry (CMI), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61-B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61-B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Valérie Cornet
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61-B-5000, Namur, Belgium
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3
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Le Du-Carrée J, Palacios CK, Rotander A, Larsson M, Alijagic A, Kotlyar O, Engwall M, Sjöberg V, Keiter SH, Almeda R. Cocktail effects of tire wear particles leachates on diverse biological models: A multilevel analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134401. [PMID: 38678714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP) stand out as a major contributor to microplastic pollution, yet their environmental impact remains inadequately understood. This study delves into the cocktail effects of TWP leachates, employing molecular, cellular, and organismal assessments on diverse biological models. Extracted in artificial seawater and analyzed for metals and organic compounds, TWP leachates revealed the presence of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and 4-tert-octylphenol. Exposure to TWP leachates (1.5 to 1000 mg peq L-1) inhibited algae growth and induced zebrafish embryotoxicity, pigment alterations, and behavioral changes. Cell painting uncovered pro-apoptotic changes, while mechanism-specific gene-reporter assays highlighted endocrine-disrupting potential, particularly antiandrogenic effects. Although heavy metals like zinc have been suggested as major players in TWP leachate toxicity, this study emphasizes water-leachable organic compounds as the primary causative agents of observed acute toxicity. The findings underscore the need to reduce TWP pollution in aquatic systems and enhance regulations governing highly toxic tire additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Le Du-Carrée
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Clara Kempkens Palacios
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Rotander
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Kotlyar
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), Mobile Robotics and Olfaction Lab (MRO), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Viktor Sjöberg
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Baekelandt S, Leroux N, Lambert J, Bernay B, Robert JB, Burattin L, Gérard C, Delierneux C, Cornet V, Kestemont P. Evaluating the toxicity of estetrol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and their combination with drospirenone on zebrafish larvae: A behavioural and proteomic study. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 271:106941. [PMID: 38723469 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise and compare the toxicity of estetrol (E4) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and their respective mixture with the progestin drospirenone (DRSP) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. METHODS Zebrafish embryos were exposed to E4, EE2, DRSP, E4+DRSP, and EE2+DRSP in a fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test. A second test examined behavioural responses and, using label-free proteomics, identified changes in protein expression in response to hormonal treatments, across a range of concentrations, including those that are considered to be environmentally relevant. RESULTS In the FET test, no effects were found from E4 at concentrations ≤100 mg/L, while EE2 induced mortality and morphological abnormalities at concentrations of 1-2 mg/L. In the behavioural test, exposure to 30 ng/L EE2 (∼200 × predicted environmental concentration - PEC) resulted in hypoactivity in fish larvae and exposure to 0.3 ng/L EE2 (∼2 × PEC) led to quantitative changes in protein abundance, revealing potential impacts on RNA processing and protein synthesis machinery. Exposure to E4 did not alter behaviour, but several groups of proteins were modulated, mainly at 710 ng/L (∼200 × PEC), including proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. When combined with DRSP, EE2 induced reduced effects on behaviour and proteomic responses, suggesting an antagonistic effect of DRSP. E4+DRSP induced no significant effects on behaviour or proteomic profiles at tested concentrations. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that E4-based combined oral contraceptives present a more favourable environmental profile than EE2-based contraceptives, particularly during the early developmental stages of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baekelandt
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Leroux
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Lambert
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Benoît Bernay
- University of Caen Basse-Normandie, Proteogen Platform, SFR ICORE 4206, Esplanade de la Paix, Caen, CEDEX 14032, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Robert
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Laura Burattin
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Céline Gérard
- Estetra SRL, an affiliate company of Mithra Pharmaceuticals, Rue Saint-Georges 5, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Céline Delierneux
- Estetra SRL, an affiliate company of Mithra Pharmaceuticals, Rue Saint-Georges 5, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Valérie Cornet
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
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5
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Mastin N, Durell L, Brooks BW, Hering AS. Advancing statistical treatment of photolocomotor behavioral response study data. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300636. [PMID: 38771799 PMCID: PMC11108188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish photolocomotor behavioral response (PBR) studies have become increasingly prevalent in pharmacological and toxicological research to assess the environmental impact of various chemicals. There is a need for a standard, reliable statistical method to analyze PBR data. The most common method currently used, univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), does not account for temporal dependence in observations and leads to incomplete or unreliable conclusions. Repeated measures ANOVA, another commonly used method, has drawbacks in its interpretability for PBR study data. Because each observation is collected continuously over time, we instead consider each observation to be a function and apply functional ANOVA (FANOVA) to PBR data. Using the functional approach not only accounts for temporal dependency but also retains the full structure of the data and allows for straightforward interpretation in any subregion of the domain. Unlike the traditional univariate and repeated measures ANOVA, the FANOVA that we propose is nonparametric, requiring minimal assumptions. We demonstrate the disadvantages of univariate and repeated measures ANOVA using simulated data and show how they are overcome by applying FANOVA. We then apply one-way FANOVA to zebrafish data from a PBR study and discuss how those results can be reproduced for future PBR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Mastin
- Department of Statistical Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
| | - Luke Durell
- Department of Statistical Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
| | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
| | - Amanda S. Hering
- Department of Statistical Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
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6
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Tagkalidou N, Multisanti CR, Bleda MJ, Bedrossiantz J, Prats E, Faggio C, Barata C, Raldúa D. Analyzing the Effects of Age, Time of Day, and Experiment on the Basal Locomotor Activity and Light-Off Visual Motor Response Assays in Zebrafish Larvae. TOXICS 2024; 12:349. [PMID: 38787128 PMCID: PMC11125988 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The recent availability of commercial platforms for behavioral analyses in zebrafish larvae based on video-tracking technologies has exponentially increased the number of studies analyzing different behaviors in this model organism to assess neurotoxicity. Among the most commonly used assays in zebrafish larvae are basal locomotor activity (BLA) and visual motor responses (VMRs). However, the effect of different intrinsic and extrinsic factors that can significantly alter the outcome of these assays is still not well understood. In this work, we have analyzed the influence of age (5-8 days post-fertilization), time of day (8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00; 16:00, 18:00, and 20:00 h), and experiment (three experiments performed at different days) on BLA and VMR results (4004 analyses for each behavior) in 143 larvae. The results from both behaviors were adjusted to a random-effects linear regression model using generalized least squares (GLSs), including in the model the effect of the three variables, the second-way interactions between them, and the three-way interaction. The results presented in this manuscript show a specific effect of all three intrinsic factors and their interactions on both behaviors, supporting the view that the most stable time period for performing these behavioral assays is from 10:00 am to 04:00 pm, with some differences depending on the age of the larva and the behavioral test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Tagkalidou
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (N.T.); (J.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Cristiana Roberta Multisanti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Jose Bleda
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Juliette Bedrossiantz
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (N.T.); (J.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Eco-Sustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (N.T.); (J.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (N.T.); (J.B.); (C.B.)
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7
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Yin X, Wang L, Mao L. Comparing the Developmental Toxicity Delay and Neurotoxicity of Benzothiazole and Its Derivatives (BTHs) in Juvenile Zebrafish. TOXICS 2024; 12:341. [PMID: 38787120 PMCID: PMC11125584 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a semi-static water exposure method was employed to investigate the early developmental and neurotoxic effects of four benzothiazole substances (BTHs), namely benzothiazole (BTH), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (BTON), and 2-aminobenzothiazole (2-ABTH), on zebrafish at an equimolar concentration of 10 μM. The findings revealed that all four BTHs exerted certain impacts on early development in zebrafish. MBT stimulated spontaneous movement in juvenile zebrafish, whereas BTON inhibited such movements. Moreover, all four BTHs hindered the hatching process of zebrafish larvae, with MBT exhibiting the strongest inhibition at 24 h post-fertilization (hpf). Notably, MBT acted as a melanin inhibitor by suppressing melanin production in juvenile zebrafish eyes and weakening phototaxis. Additionally, both BTH and BTON exhibited significantly lower speeds than the control group and other test groups under conditions without bright field stimulation; however, their speeds increased to average levels after percussion stimulation, indicating no significant alteration in motor ability among experimental zebrafish groups. Short-term exposure to these four types of BTHs induced oxidative damage in zebrafish larvae; specifically, BTH-, MBT-, and BTON-exposed groups displayed abnormal expression patterns of genes related to oxidative damage. Exposure to both BTH and MBT led to reduced fluorescence intensity in transgenic zebrafish labeled with central nervous system markers, suggesting inhibition of central nervous system development. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR results demonstrated abnormal gene expression associated with neural development. However, no significant changes were observed in 2-ABTH gene expression at this concentration. Overall findings indicate that short-term exposure to BTHs stimulates neurodevelopmental gene expression accompanied by oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Yin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
| | - Lianshan Mao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
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8
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Gatto E, Lucon-Xiccato T, Bertolucci C. Environmental conditions shape learning in larval zebrafish. Behav Processes 2024; 218:105045. [PMID: 38692461 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence reveals notable phenotypic plasticity in cognition among teleost fishes. One compelling example is the positive impact of enriched environments on learning performance. Most studies on this effect have focused on juvenile or later life stages, potentially overlooking the importance of early life plasticity. To address this gap, we investigated whether cognitive plasticity in response to environmental factors emerges during the larval stage in zebrafish. Our findings indicate that larvae exposed to an enriched environment after hatching exhibited enhanced habituation learning performance compared to their counterparts raised in a barren environment. This work underscores the presence of developmental phenotypic plasticity in cognition among teleost fish, extending its influence to the very earliest stages of an individual's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Gatto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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9
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Brañas Casas R, Zuppardo A, Risato G, Dinarello A, Celeghin R, Fontana C, Grelloni E, Gilea AI, Viscomi C, Rasola A, Dalla Valle L, Lodi T, Baruffini E, Facchinello N, Argenton F, Tiso N. Zebrafish polg2 knock-out recapitulates human POLG-disorders; implications for drug treatment. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:281. [PMID: 38643274 PMCID: PMC11032366 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The human mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma is a holoenzyme, involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and maintenance, composed of a catalytic subunit (POLG) and a dimeric accessory subunit (POLG2) conferring processivity. Mutations in POLG or POLG2 cause POLG-related diseases in humans, leading to a subset of Mendelian-inherited mitochondrial disorders characterized by mtDNA depletion (MDD) or accumulation of multiple deletions, presenting multi-organ defects and often leading to premature death at a young age. Considering the paucity of POLG2 models, we have generated a stable zebrafish polg2 mutant line (polg2ia304) by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, carrying a 10-nucleotide deletion with frameshift mutation and premature stop codon. Zebrafish polg2 homozygous mutants present slower development and decreased viability compared to wild type siblings, dying before the juvenile stage. Mutants display a set of POLG-related phenotypes comparable to the symptoms of human patients affected by POLG-related diseases, including remarkable MDD, altered mitochondrial network and dynamics, and reduced mitochondrial respiration. Histological analyses detected morphological alterations in high-energy demanding tissues, along with a significant disorganization of skeletal muscle fibres. Consistent with the last finding, locomotor assays highlighted a decreased larval motility. Of note, treatment with the Clofilium tosylate drug, previously shown to be effective in POLG models, could partially rescue MDD in Polg2 mutant animals. Altogether, our results point at zebrafish as an effective model to study the etiopathology of human POLG-related disorders linked to POLG2, and a suitable platform to screen the efficacy of POLG-directed drugs in POLG2-associated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Zuppardo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Giovanni Risato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Alberto Dinarello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Rudy Celeghin
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Camilla Fontana
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Alexandru Ionut Gilea
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Lodi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian Research Council (CNR), 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy.
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10
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Bedrossiantz J, Goyenechea J, Prats E, Gómez-Canela C, Barata C, Raldúa D, Cachot J. Cardiac and neurobehavioral impairments in three phylogenetically distant aquatic model organisms exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of boscalid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123685. [PMID: 38460591 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Boscalid (2-Chloro-N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl) nicotinamide), a pyridine carboxamide fungicide, is an inhibitor of the complex II of the respiration chain in fungal mitochondria. As boscalid is only moderately toxic for aquatic organisms (LC50 > 1-10 mg/L), current environmental levels of this compound in aquatic ecosystems, in the range of ng/L-μg/L, are considered safe for aquatic organisms. In this study, we have exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio), Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and Daphnia magna to a range of concentrations of boscalid (1-1000 μg/L) for 24 h, and the effects on heart rate (HR), basal locomotor activity (BLA), visual motor response (VMR), startle response (SR), and habituation (HB) to a series of vibrational or light stimuli have been evaluated. Moreover, changes in the profile of the main neurotransmitters have been determined. Boscalid altered HR in a concentration-dependent manner, leading to a positive or negative chronotropic effect in fish and D. magna, respectively. While boscalid decreased BLA and increased VMR in Daphnia, these behaviors were not altered in fish. For SR and HB, the response was more species- and concentration-specific, with Daphnia exhibiting the highest sensitivity. At the neurotransmission level, boscalid exposure decreased the levels of L-aspartic acid in fish larvae and increased the levels of dopaminergic metabolites in D. magna. Our study demonstrates that exposure to environmental levels of boscalid alters cardiac activity, impairs ecologically relevant behaviors, and leads to changes in different neurotransmitter systems in phylogenetically distinct vertebrate and invertebrate models. Thus, the results presented emphasize the need to review the current regulation of this fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Bedrossiantz
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Júlia Goyenechea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography Section), IQS School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristián Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography Section), IQS School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
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11
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Audira G, Lee JS, Vasquez RD, Roldan MJM, Lai YH, Hsiao CD. Assessments of carbon nanotubes toxicities in zebrafish larvae using multiple physiological and molecular endpoints. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 392:110925. [PMID: 38452846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become one of the most promising materials for the technology industry. However, due to the extensive usage of these materials, they may be released into the environment, and cause toxicities to the organism. Here, their acute toxicities in zebrafish embryos and larvae were evaluated by using various assessments that may provide us with a novel perspective on their effects on aquatic animals. Before conducting the toxicity assessments, the CNTs were characterized as multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which improved their solubility and dispersibility. Based on the results, abnormalities in zebrafish behaviors were observed in the exposed groups, indicated by a reduction in tail coiling frequency and alterations in the locomotion as the response toward photo and vibration stimuli that might be due to the disruption in the neuromodulatory system and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by MWCNTs. Next, based on the respiratory rate assay, exposed larvae consumed more oxygen, which may be due to the injuries in the larval gill by the MWCNTs. Finally, even though no irregularity was observed in the exposed larval cardiac rhythm, abnormalities were shown in their cardiac physiology and blood flow with significant downregulation in several cardiac development-related gene expressions. To sum up, although the following studies are necessary to understand the exact mechanism of their toxicity, the current study demonstrated the environmental implications of MWCNTs in particularly low concentrations and short-term exposure, especially to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Audira
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Shing Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, 900391, Taiwan
| | - Ross D Vasquez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1015, Philippines; Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1015, Philippines; The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1015, Philippines
| | - Marri Jmelou M Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila, 1015, Philippines
| | - Yu-Heng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Center of Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan.
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12
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Torres-Ruiz M, Suárez OJ, López V, Marina P, Sanchis A, Liste I, de Alba M, Ramos V. Effects of 700 and 3500 MHz 5G radiofrequency exposure on developing zebrafish embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169475. [PMID: 38199355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Telecommunications industries are rapidly deploying the fifth generation (5G) spectrum and there is public concern about the safety and health impacts of this type of Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR), in part because of the lack of comparable scientific evidence. In this study we have used a validated commercially available setting producing a uniform field to expose zebrafish embryos (ZFe) to unmodulated 700 and 3500 MHz frequencies. We have combined a battery of toxicity, developmental and behavioral assays to further explore potential RFR effects. Our neurobehavioral profiles include a tail coiling assay, a light/dark activity assay, two thigmotaxis anxiety assays (auditory and visual stimuli), and a startle response - habituation assay in response to auditory stimuli. ZFe were exposed for 1 and 4 h during the blastula period of development and endpoints evaluated up to 120 hours post fertilization (hpf). Our results show no effects on mortality, hatching or body length. However, we have demonstrated specific organ morphological effects, and behavioral effects in activity, anxiety-like behavior, and habituation that lasted in larvae exposed during the early embryonic period. A decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity was also observed and could explain some of the observed behavioral alterations. Interestingly, effects were more pronounced in ZFe exposed to the 700 MHz frequency, and especially for the 4 h exposure period. In addition, we have demonstrated that our exposure setup is robust, flexible with regard to frequency and power testing, and highly comparable. Future work will include exposure of ZFe to 5G modulated signals for different time periods to better understand the potential health effects of novel 5G RFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Torres-Ruiz
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Oscar J Suárez
- Radio Frequency Laboratory, Telecommunications General Secretary and Audiovisual Communication Services Ordenation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria López
- Chronical Diseases Research Functional Unit (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Pablo Marina
- Telemedicine and eHealth Research Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sanchis
- Non-Ionizing Radiation Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Isabel Liste
- Chronical Diseases Research Functional Unit (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Mercedes de Alba
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Victoria Ramos
- Telemedicine and eHealth Research Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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13
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Bellot M, Manen L, Prats E, Bedrossiantz J, Barata C, Gómez-Canela C, Antolin AA, Raldúa D. Short-term exposure to environmental levels of nicotine and cotinine impairs visual motor response in zebrafish larvae through a similar mode of action: Exploring the potential role of zebrafish α7 nAChR. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169301. [PMID: 38103609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The current view is that environmental levels of nicotine and cotinine, commonly in the ng/L range, are safe for aquatic organisms. In this study, 7 days post-fertilization zebrafish embryos have been exposed for 24 h to a range of environmental concentrations of nicotine (2.0 ng/L-2.5 μg/L) and cotinine (50 pg/L-10 μg/L), as well as to a binary mixture of these emerging pollutants. Nicotine exposure led to hyperactivity, decreased vibrational startle response and increased non-associative learning. However, the more consistent effect found for both nicotine and cotinine was a significant increase in light-off visual motor response (VMR). The effect of both pollutants on this behavior occurred through a similar mode of action, as the joint effects of the binary mixture of both chemicals were consistent with the concentration addition concept predictions. The results from docking studies suggest that the effect of nicotine and cotinine on light-off VMR could be mediated by zebrafish α7 nAChR expressed in retina. The results presented in this study emphasize the need to revisit the environmental risk assessment of chemicals including additional ecologically relevant sublethal endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bellot
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Leticia Manen
- proCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliette Bedrossiantz
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert A Antolin
- proCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Wu Y, Li L, Tang L, Peijnenburg W, Zhang H, Xie D, Geng R, Zheng T, Bi L, Wei X, Chae HJ, Wang L, Zhao L, Li B, Zheng Q. Ototoxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in mice, HEI-OC1 cells and zebrafish. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1345536. [PMID: 38440220 PMCID: PMC10909942 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1345536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene nanoplastics are a novel class of pollutants. They are easily absorbed by living organisms, and their potential toxicity has raised concerns. However, the impact of polystyrene nanoplastics on auditory organs remains unknown. Here, our results showed that polystyrene nanoplastics entered the cochlea of mice, HEI-OC1 cells, and lateral line hair cells of zebrafish, causing cellular injury and increasing apoptosis. Additionally, we found that exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics resulted in a significant elevation in the auditory brainstem response thresholds, a loss of auditory sensory hair cells, stereocilia degeneration and a decrease in expression of Claudin-5 and Occludin proteins at the blood-lymphatic barrier in mice. We also observed a significant decrease in the acoustic alarm response of zebrafish after exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics. Mechanistic analysis revealed that polystyrene nanoplastics induced up-regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, increased levels of malondialdehyde, and decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase levels in cochlea and HEI-OC1 cells. Furthermore, we observed that the expression of ferroptosis-related indicators GPX4 and SLC7A11 decreased as well as increased expression of ACLS4 in cochlea and HEI-OC1 cells. This study also revealed that polystyrene nanoplastics exposure led to increased expression of the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and COX2 in cochlea and HEI-OC1 cells. Further research found that the cell apoptosis, ferroptosis and inflammatory reactions induced by polystyrene nanoplastics in HEI-OC1 cells was reversed through the pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species inhibitor. Overall, our study first discovered and systematically revealed the ototoxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics and its underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Wu
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lianzhen Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lihuan Tang
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Willie Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Huangruici Zhang
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Daoli Xie
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruishuang Geng
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tihua Zheng
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Liyan Bi
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaodan Wei
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Han-jung Chae
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lan Wang
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qingyin Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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15
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Feng WW, Chen HC, Audira G, Suryanto ME, Saputra F, Kurnia KA, Vasquez RD, Casuga FP, Lai YH, Hsiao CD, Hung CH. Evaluation of Tacrolimus' Adverse Effects on Zebrafish in Larval and Adult Stages by Using Multiple Physiological and Behavioral Endpoints. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:112. [PMID: 38392330 PMCID: PMC10886482 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (FK506) is a common immunosuppressant that is used in organ transplantation. However, despite its importance in medical applications, it is prone to adverse side effects. While some studies have demonstrated its toxicities to humans and various animal models, very few studies have addressed this issue in aquatic organisms, especially zebrafish. Here, we assessed the adverse effects of acute and chronic exposure to tacrolimus in relatively low doses in zebrafish in both larval and adult stages, respectively. Based on the results, although tacrolimus did not cause any cardiotoxicity and respiratory toxicity toward zebrafish larvae, it affected their locomotor activity performance in light-dark locomotion tests. Meanwhile, tacrolimus was also found to slightly affect the behavior performance, shoaling formation, circadian rhythm locomotor activity, and color preference of adult zebrafish in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, alterations in the cognitive performance of the fish were also displayed by the treated fish, indicated by a loss of short-term memory. To help elucidate the toxicity mechanism of tacrolimus, molecular docking was conducted to calculate the strength of the binding interaction between tacrolimus to human FKBP12. The results showed a relatively normal binding affinity, indicating that this interaction might only partly contribute to the observed alterations. Nevertheless, the current research could help clinicians and researchers to further understand the toxicology of tacrolimus, especially to zebrafish, thus highlighting the importance of considering the toxicity of tacrolimus prior to its usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Feng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Dr. Feng's Dermatology Clinic, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chao Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Dr. Feng's Dermatology Clinic, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Gilbert Audira
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Michael Edbert Suryanto
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Ferry Saputra
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Adi Kurnia
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Ross D Vasquez
- Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
- The Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Franelyne P Casuga
- Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
- The Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Yu-Heng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
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16
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Bai Y, Henry J, Kreuder F, Mawdsley D, Kaslin J, Wlodkowic D. An Open-Source Programmable Interface for Sensory-Motor Biotests with Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Zebrafish 2024; 21:48-52. [PMID: 38193768 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Assessment of animals' sensory-motor functions requires precise and electronically controlled stimuli to induce and quantify specific behavioral phenotypes. However, accessible and inexpensive tools for conducting diverse sensory-motor biotests with fish are lacking. In this work, we present an open-source software and hardware interface that enables automated delivery of three independent and fully programmable stimuli for behavioral bioassays. We demonstrate the proof-of-concept application of this low-cost technology in establishing reproducible fear responses using a mechanical tap-startle stimulus in larval zebrafish. This response is characterized by a sudden burst of motion in response to a nondirectional mechanical stimulus delivered to the fish chamber. We propose that the simplicity and flexibility of this interface offer innovative opportunities for studying sensory-motor functions in various fields, including neurobiology, neuropharmacology, neurotoxicology, and aquatic ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Bai
- The Neurotoxicology Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Henry
- The Neurotoxicology Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Florian Kreuder
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Mawdsley
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotoxicology Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Nilén G, Larsson M, Hyötyläinen T, Keiter SH. A complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic compounds causes embryotoxic, behavioral, and molecular effects in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio), and in vitro bioassays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167307. [PMID: 37804991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are prevalent in the environment, typically found in complex mixtures and high concentrations. Our understanding of the effects of PACs, excluding the 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16 PAHs), remains limited. Zebrafish embryos and in vitro bioassays were utilized to investigate the embryotoxic, behavioral, and molecular effects of a soil sample from a former gasworks site in Sweden. Additionally, targeted chemical analysis was conducted to analyze 87 PACs in the soil, fish, water, and plate material. CALUX® assays were used to assess the activation of aryl hydrocarbon and estrogen receptors, as well as the inhibition of the androgen receptor. Larval behavior was measured by analyzing activity during light and darkness and in response to mechanical stimulation. Furthermore, qPCR analyses were performed on a subset of 36 genes associated with specific adverse outcomes, and the total lipid content in the larvae was measured. Exposure to the sample resulted in embryotoxic effects (LC50 = 0.480 mg dry matter soil/mL water). The mixture also induced hyperactivity in darkness and hypoactivity in light and in response to the mechanical stimulus. qPCR analysis revealed differential regulation of 15 genes, including downregulation of opn1sw1 (eye pigmentation) and upregulation of fpgs (heart failure). The sample caused significant responses in three bioassays (ERα-, DR-, and PAH-CALUX), and the exposed larvae exhibited elevated lipid levels. Chemical analysis identified benzo[a]pyrene as the predominant compound in the soil and approximately half of the total PAC concentration was attributed to the 16 PAHs. This study highlights the value of combining in vitro and in vivo methods with chemical analysis to assess toxic mechanisms at specific targets and to elucidate the possible interactions between various pathways in an organism. It also enhances our understanding of the risks associated with environmental mixtures of PACs and their distribution during toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Nilén
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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18
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Lucon-Xiccato T, Savaşçı BB, Merola C, Benedetti E, Caioni G, Aliko V, Bertolucci C, Perugini M. Environmentally relevant concentrations of triclocarban affect behaviour, learning, and brain gene expression in fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166717. [PMID: 37657536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Many chemicals spilled in aquatic ecosystems can interfere with cognitive abilities and brain functions that control fitness-related behaviour. Hence, their harmful potential may be substantially underestimated. Triclocarban (TCC), one of the most common aquatic contaminants, is known to disrupt hormonal activity, but the consequences of this action on behaviour and its underlying cognitive mechanisms are unclear. We tried to fill this knowledge gap by analysing behaviour, cognitive abilities, and brain gene expression in zebrafish larvae exposed to TCC sublethal concentrations. TCC exposure substantially decreased exploratory behaviour and response to stimulation, while it increased sociability. Additionally, TCC reduced the cognitive performance of zebrafish in a habituation learning task. In the brain of TCC-exposed zebrafish, we found upregulation of c-fos, a gene involved in neural activity, and downregulation of bdnf, a gene that influences behavioural and cognitive traits such as activity, learning, and memory. Overall, our experiments highlight consistent effects of non-lethal TCC concentrations on behaviour, cognitive abilities, and brain functioning in a teleost fish, suggesting critical fitness consequences of these compounds in aquatic ecosystems as well as the potential to affect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Beste Başak Savaşçı
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Carmine Merola
- Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giulia Caioni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valbona Aliko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monia Perugini
- Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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19
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Lucon-Xiccato T, De Russi G, Cannicci S, Maggi E, Bertolucci C. Embryonic exposure to artificial light at night impairs learning abilities and their covariance with behavioural traits in teleost fish. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230436. [PMID: 37990566 PMCID: PMC10663786 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural light cycle has profound effects on animals' cognitive systems. Its alteration owing to human activities, such as artificial light at night (ALAN), affects the biodiversity of mammalian and avian species by impairing their cognitive functions. The impact of ALAN on cognition, however, has not been investigated in aquatic species, in spite of the common occurrence of this pollution along water bodies. We exposed eggs of a teleost fish (the zebrafish Danio rerio) to ALAN and, upon hatching, we measured larvae' cognitive abilities with a habituation learning paradigm. Both control and ALAN-exposed larvae showed habituation learning, but the latter learned significantly slower, suggesting that under ALAN conditions, fish require many more events to acquire ecologically relevant information. We also found that individuals' learning performance significantly covaried with two behavioural traits in the control zebrafish, but ALAN disrupted one of these relationships. Additionally, ALAN resulted in an average increase in larval activity. Our results showed that both fish's cognitive abilities and related individual differences are negatively impacted by light pollution, even after a short exposure in the embryonic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gaia De Russi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Cannicci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Maggi
- Department of Biology, CoNISMa, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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20
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Savva K, Farré M, Barata C. Sublethal effects of bio-plastic microparticles and their components on the behaviour of Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116775. [PMID: 37517491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioplastics arise as an alternative to plastic production delinked from fossil resources. However, as their demand is increasing, there is a need to investigate their environmental fingerprint. Here we study the toxicity of microplastics (MPLs) of two widely used materials, the polylactic acid (PLA) and the polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) on the environmental aquatic model species Daphnia magna. The study was focused on sublethal behavioural and feeding endpoints linked to antipredator scape responses and food intake. The study aimed to test that MPLs from single-use household comercial items and among them bioplastics should be more toxic than those obtained from standard plastic polymers and fossil plastic materials due to the greater amount of plastic additives, and that MPLs should be more toxic than plastic extracts due to the contribution of both particle and plastic additive toxicity. MPLs were obtained by cryogenic grinding and sea-sand erosion to obtain irregular particles. MPL included standard polymers and nine comercial items of PLA and PHB and one fossil-based material of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The additive content in commercial items was characterised by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. D. magna juveniles were exposed for 24 h to particles and their plastic extracts. Results indicated that the toxicity of bioplastic particles was five times higher than the effects produced by exposure to the content of the additives alone, that bioplastic particles were more toxic than fossil ones and that particles obtained from commercial items were more toxic than those obtained from PLA, PHB or HDPE polymer standards. Predicted toxicity from the measured plastic additives in the studied commercially available household items, however, was poorly related with the observed behavioural and feeding effects. Further research on unknown chemical components together with physical factors is need it to fully understand the mechanisms of toxicity of bioplastic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Savva
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marinella Farré
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Ricarte M, Prats E, Montemurro N, Bedrossiantz J, Bellot M, Gómez-Canela C, Raldúa D. Environmental concentrations of tire rubber-derived 6PPD-quinone alter CNS function in zebrafish larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165240. [PMID: 37406704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-quinone) is a degradation product of 6PPD, an antioxidant widely used in rubber tires. 6PPD-quinone enters aquatic ecosystems through urban stormwater runoff and has been identified as the chemical behind the urban runoff mortality syndrome in coho salmon. However, the available data suggest that the acute effects of 6PPD-quinone are restricted to a few salmonid species and that the environmental levels of this chemical should be safe for most fish. In this study, larvae of a "tolerant" fish species, Danio rerio, were exposed to three environmental concentrations of 6PPD-quinone for only 24 h, and the effects on exploratory behavior, escape response, nonassociative learning (habituation), neurotransmitter profile, wake/sleep cycle, circadian rhythm, heart rate and oxygen consumption rate were analyzed. Exposure to the two lowest concentrations of 6PPD-quinone resulted in altered exploratory behavior and habituation, an effect consistent with some of the observed changes in the neurotransmitter profile, including increased levels of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin. Moreover, exposure to the highest concentration tested altered the wake/sleep cycle and the expression of per1a, per3 and cry3a, circadian clock genes involved in the negative feedback loop. Finally, a positive chronotropic effect of 6PPD-quinone was observed in the hearts of the exposed fish. The results of this study emphasize the need for further studies analyzing the effects of 6PPD-quinone in "tolerant" fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ricarte
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliette Bedrossiantz
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bellot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Yu K, Qiu Y, Shi Y, Yu X, Zhou B, Sun T, Wu Y, Xu S, Chen L, Shu Q, Huang L. Early environmental exposure to oxytetracycline in Danio rerio may contribute to neurobehavioral abnormalities in adult zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163482. [PMID: 37062325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The common antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) is nowadays commonly found in natural aquatic environments. However, the underlying mechanisms of low-dose OTC exposure and its neurotoxic effects on aquatic animals remain unknown. In this study, we exposed zebrafish larvae to environmental concentrations of OTC in early life and performed neurobehavioral, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and transcriptomic analyses. OTC exposure resulted in hyperactivity of larvae and a significant reduction in the number of neurons in the midbrain. The expression levels of 15 genes related to neural function changed. Additionally, the composition of 65 genera of the gut microbiota of larvae was altered, which may be one of the reasons for the abnormal neural development. We further studied the long-term outcomes among adult fish long after cessation of OTC exposure. OTC treatment caused adult fish to be depressive and impulsive, symbolizing bipolar disorder. Adult fish exposed to OTC had significantly fewer neurons and their gut bacteria composition did not recover 104 days after terminating OTC exposure. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between the gut microbiota of larvae, genes related to neural function, and metabolites of adult fish brain tissue. The results showed that the abundance of several members of the biome in larvae was related to the transcription levels of genes related to neural function, which were related to the metabolic levels in the adult brain. In conclusion, our study showed that early-life exposure to environmental concentrations of OTC can lead to persistent neurobehavioral abnormalities until adulthood through dysbiosis in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yushu Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiaogang Yu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Baosong Zhou
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Tong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yuhang Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Qiang Shu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
| | - Lisu Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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23
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Lamka GF, Auxier AN, Swank A, Esarey K, Mullinax HR, Seymour RD, Ward JL. Effects of developmental exposure to neurotoxic algal metabolites on predator-prey interactions in larval Pimephales promelas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163148. [PMID: 36996974 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms are a growing environmental concern in aquatic systems. Although it is known that some of the secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria can alter predator-prey dynamics in aquatic communities by reducing foraging and/or predator evasion success, the mechanisms underpinning such responses are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of a potent algal neurotoxin, β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), on the development and behavior of larval Fathead Minnows, Pimephales promelas, during predator-prey interactions. We exposed eggs and larvae to environmentally relevant concentrations of BMAA for 21 days, then tested subjects in prey-capture and predator-evasion assays designed to isolate the effects of exposure at sequential points of the stimulus-response pathway. Exposure was associated with changes in the ability of larvae to detect and respond to environmental stimuli (i.e., a live prey item and a simulated vibrational predator), as well as changes in behavior and locomotor performance during the response. Our findings suggest that chronic exposure to neurodegenerative cyanotoxins could alter the outcomes of predator-prey interactions in natural systems by impairing an animal's ability to perceive, process, and respond to relevant biotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina F Lamka
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, 1600 Ashland Ave, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
| | - Autum N Auxier
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, 1600 Ashland Ave, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
| | - Ally Swank
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, 1600 Ashland Ave, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
| | - Katie Esarey
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, 1600 Ashland Ave, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Hannah R Mullinax
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, 1600 Ashland Ave, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
| | - Ryan D Seymour
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, 1600 Ashland Ave, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
| | - Jessica L Ward
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, 1600 Ashland Ave, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
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24
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Rejo L, Malgouyres JM, Bonnafé E, Vignet C. Optimization and calibration of behavioural tests on different species of planaria for ecotoxicological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104189. [PMID: 37348774 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater planarian are emerging as a valuable in vivo model for (eco) toxicological studies, but the lack of harmonization of procedures between laboratories remains a challenge. This study aimed to optimize, automate and select the best behavioural tests and analyse the potential of different planarian species as models for toxicological assessment. We implemented four tests: exploration, photomotor response, Tapping and Planarian Light Dark Test, on different planaria species using the DanioVision system. We conclude that the exploration assay performed in 24 wellplate at 10 000 lux is the one that is robust and reliable for toxicological studies with planaria. Dugesia japonica and Schmidtea mediterranea have proved to be sensitive models for toxicological screening of organophosphorus pesticides through behavioural analysis. Under necessary experimental conditions, the motility baseline in controls, for both species allowed the detection of behavioural changes, making both good models for behavioural testing in (eco) toxicological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rejo
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA- 7417, Institut National Universitaire J-F Champollion, 81012 Albi, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Malgouyres
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA- 7417, Institut National Universitaire J-F Champollion, 81012 Albi, France
| | - Elsa Bonnafé
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA- 7417, Institut National Universitaire J-F Champollion, 81012 Albi, France
| | - Caroline Vignet
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA- 7417, Institut National Universitaire J-F Champollion, 81012 Albi, France.
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25
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Torres-Ruiz M, de Alba González M, Morales M, Martin-Folgar R, González MC, Cañas-Portilla AI, De la Vieja A. Neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption caused by polystyrene nanoparticles in zebrafish embryo. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162406. [PMID: 36841402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NP) are present in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Humans can be exposed to them through contaminated water, food, air, or personal care products. Mechanisms of NP toxicity are largely unknown and the Zebrafish embryo poses an ideal model to investigate them due to its high homology with humans. Our objective in the present study was to combine a battery of behavioral assays with the study of endocrine related gene expression, to further explore potential NP neurotoxic effects on animal behavior. Polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNP) were used to evaluate NP toxicity. Our neurobehavioral profiles include a tail coiling assay, a light/dark activity assay, two thigmotaxis anxiety assays (auditory and visual stimuli), and a startle response - habituation assay in response to auditory stimuli. Results show PSNP accumulated in eyes, neuromasts, brain, and digestive system organs. PSNP inhibited acetylcholinesterase and altered endocrine-related gene expression profiles both in the thyroid and glucocorticoid axes. At the whole organism level, we observed altered behaviors such as increased activity and anxiety at lower doses and lethargy at a higher dose, which could be due to a variety of complex mechanisms ranging from sensory organ and central nervous system effects to others such as hormonal imbalances. In addition, we present a hypothetical adverse outcome pathway related to these effects. In conclusion, this study provides new understanding into NP toxic effects on zebrafish embryo, emphasizing a critical role of endocrine disruption in observed neurotoxic behavioral effects, and improving our understanding of their potential health risks to human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Torres-Ruiz
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain.
| | - Mercedes de Alba González
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Mónica Morales
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Urbanización Monte Rozas, Avda. Esparta s/n, Ctra. de Las Rozas al Escorial Km 5, 28232 Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martin-Folgar
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Urbanización Monte Rozas, Avda. Esparta s/n, Ctra. de Las Rozas al Escorial Km 5, 28232 Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Carmen González
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Ana I Cañas-Portilla
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain.
| | - Antonio De la Vieja
- Endocrine Tumor Unit, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain.
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26
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Shen C, Cai Y, Li J, He C, Zuo Z. Mepanipyrim induces visual developmental toxicity and vision-guided behavioral alteration in zebrafish larvae. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:76-88. [PMID: 36182181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mepanipyrim, an anilinopyrimidine fungicide, has been extensively used to prevent fungal diseases in fruit culture. Currently, research on mepanipyrim-induced toxicity in organisms is still very scarce, especially visual developmental toxicity. Here, zebrafish larvae were employed to investigate mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity. Intense light and monochromatic light stimuli-evoked escape experiments were used to investigate vision-guided behaviors. Meanwhile, transcriptomic sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR assays were applied to assess the potential mechanisms of mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity and vision-guided behavioral alteration. Our results showed that mepanipyrim exposure could induce retinal impairment and vision-guided behavioral alteration in larval zebrafish. In addition, the grk1b gene of the phototransduction signaling pathway was found to be a potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-regulated gene. Mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity was potentially related to the AhR signaling pathway. Furthermore, mepanipyrim-induced behavioral alteration was guided by the visual function, and the effects of mepanipyrim on long and middle wavelength light-sensitive opsins may be the main cause of vision-guided behavioral alteration. Our results provide insights into understanding the relationship between visual development and vision-guided behaviors induced by mepanipyrim exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yimei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jialing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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27
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Unraveling Presenilin 2 Functions in a Knockout Zebrafish Line to Shed Light into Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030376. [PMID: 36766721 PMCID: PMC9913325 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in presenilin 2 (PS2) have been causally linked to the development of inherited Alzheimer's disease (AD). Besides its role as part of the γ-secretase complex, mammalian PS2 is also involved, as an individual protein, in a growing number of cell processes, which result altered in AD. To gain more insight into PS2 (dys)functions, we have generated a presenilin2 (psen2) knockout zebrafish line. We found that the absence of the protein does not markedly influence Notch signaling at early developmental stages, suggesting a Psen2 dispensable role in the γ-secretase-mediated Notch processing. Instead, loss of Psen2 induces an exaggerated locomotor response to stimulation in fish larvae, a reduced number of ER-mitochondria contacts in zebrafish neurons, and an increased basal autophagy. Moreover, the protein is involved in mitochondrial axonal transport, since its acute downregulation reduces in vivo organelle flux in zebrafish sensory neurons. Importantly, the expression of a human AD-linked mutant of the protein increases this vital process. Overall, our results confirm zebrafish as a good model organism for investigating PS2 functions in vivo, representing an alternative tool for the characterization of new AD-linked defective cell pathways and the testing of possible correcting drugs.
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28
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Lucon-Xiccato T, Montalbano G, Gatto E, Frigato E, D'Aniello S, Bertolucci C. Individual differences and knockout in zebrafish reveal similar cognitive effects of BDNF between teleosts and mammals. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20222036. [PMID: 36541170 PMCID: PMC9768640 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The remarkable similarities in cognitive performance between teleosts and mammals suggest that the underlying cognitive mechanisms might also be similar in these two groups. We tested this hypothesis by assessing the effects of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is critical for mammalian cognitive functioning, on fish's cognitive abilities. We found that individual differences in zebrafish's learning abilities were positively correlated with bdnf expression. Moreover, a CRISPR/Cas9 mutant zebrafish line that lacks the BDNF gene (bdnf-/-) showed remarkable learning deficits. Half of the mutants failed a colour discrimination task, whereas the remaining mutants learned the task slowly, taking three times longer than control bdnf+/+ zebrafish. The mutants also took twice as long to acquire a T-maze task compared to control zebrafish and showed difficulties exerting inhibitory control. An analysis of habituation learning revealed that cognitive impairment in mutants emerges early during development, but could be rescued with a synthetic BDNF agonist. Overall, our study indicates that BDNF has a similar activational effect on cognitive performance in zebrafish and in mammals, supporting the idea that its function is conserved in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Montalbano
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elia Gatto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Frigato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
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29
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Faria M, Bellot M, Soto O, Prats E, Montemurro N, Manjarrés D, Gómez-Canela C, Raldúa D. Developmental exposure to sertraline impaired zebrafish behavioral and neurochemical profiles. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1040598. [PMID: 36467683 PMCID: PMC9716079 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of people suffering from mental health problems is rising, with anxiety and depression now the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric conditions. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are one of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals to treat these conditions, which has led to their common detection in many aquatic ecosystems. As the monoaminergic system shows a high degree of structural conservation across diverse animal phyla, a reasonable assumption is that the environmental levels of SSRIs in surface water can lead to adverse effects on fish and other aquatic wildlife. For instance, Sertraline (SER), a widely prescribed SSRI, has been shown to induce adverse effects in fish, albeit most of the reports used exposure concentrations exceeding those occurring in natural environments. Therefore, there is still a great lack of knowledge regarding SERs effects in fish species, especially during early life stages. This study describes the evaluation of developmental exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to environmentally relevant concentrations of SER (from 0.01 to 10 μg/L), using a battery of key survival behaviors and further relating them with the expression of genes and neurochemical profiles of the monoaminergic system. We found that developmental exposure to SER did not affect embryo morphogenesis and growth. However, concentrations as low as 0.1 μg/L induced hypolocomotion and delayed learning. The observed behavioral impairment was associated with augmented serotonin levels rather than other neurochemicals and molecular markers, highlighting the relationship between serotonin signaling and behavior in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Faria
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bellot
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (Chromatography Section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Soto
- Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Manjarrés
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (Chromatography Section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Caged-carvedilol as a new tool for visible-light photopharmacology of β-adrenoceptors in native tissues. iScience 2022; 25:105128. [PMID: 36185381 PMCID: PMC9515591 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenoceptors are G protein-coupled receptors involved in a large variety of physiological processes, also under pathological conditions. This is due in large part to their ubiquitous expression in the body exerting numerous essential functions. Therefore, the possibility to control their activity with high spatial and temporal precision would constitute a valuable research tool. In this study, we present a caged version of the approved non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonist carvedilol, synthesized by alkylation of its secondary amine with a coumarin derivative. Introducing this photo-removable group abolished carvedilol physiological effects in cell cultures, mouse isolated perfused hearts and living zebrafish larvae. Only after visible light application, carvedilol was released and the different physiological systems were pharmacologically modulated in a similar manner as the control drug. This research provides a new photopharmacological tool for a wide range of research applications that may help in the development of future precise therapies. We report a diffusible caged antagonist based on the beta blocker carvedilol (C-C) Carvedilol release from C-C is produced by light on the visible range (405 nm) Light-dependent effects are assessed in cells, mice hearts, and zebrafish larvae Physiological processes can be regulated by C-C and light (heart rate and behavior)
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Young AYW, Audira G, Saputra F, Alos HC, Aventurado CA, Lai YH, Vasquez RD, Hsiao CD, Hung CH. Toxicity Assessment of an Anti-Cancer Drug of p-Toluene Sulfonamide in Zebrafish Larvae Based on Cardiovascular and Locomotion Activities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1103. [PMID: 36008997 PMCID: PMC9405983 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Toluene sulfonamide (p-TSA), a small molecular drug with antineoplastic activity is widely gaining interest from researchers because of its pharmacological activities. In this study, we explored the potential cardio and neural toxicity of p-TSA in sublethal concentrations by using zebrafish as an in vivo animal model. Based on the acute toxicity assay, the 96hr LC50 was estimated as 204.3 ppm, suggesting the overall toxicity of p-TSA is relatively low in zebrafish larvae. For the cardiotoxicity test, we found that p-TSA caused only a minor alteration in treated larvae after no overall significant alterations were observed in cardiac rhythm and cardiac physiology parameters, as supported by the results from expression level measurements of several cardiac development marker genes. On the other hand, we found that acute p-TSA exposure significantly increased the larval locomotion activity during the photomotor test while prolonged exposure (4 days) reduced the locomotor startle reflex activities in zebrafish. In addition, a higher respiratory rate and blood flow velocity was also observed in the acutely treated fish groups compared to the untreated group. Finally, by molecular docking, we found that p-TSA has a moderate binding affinity to skeletal muscle myosin II subfragment 1 (S1), ATPase activity, actin- and Ca2+-stimulated myosin S1 ATPase, and v-type proton ATPase. These binding interactions between p-TSA and proteins offer insights into the potential molecular mechanism of action of p-TSA on observed altered responses toward photo and vibration stimuli and minor altered vascular performance in the zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Yau Wah Young
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Gilbert Audira
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Ferry Saputra
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Honeymae C. Alos
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | | | - Yu-Heng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
| | - Ross D. Vasquez
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
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Shenoy A, Banerjee M, Upadhya A, Bagwe-Parab S, Kaur G. The Brilliance of the Zebrafish Model: Perception on Behavior and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:861155. [PMID: 35769627 PMCID: PMC9234549 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.861155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become increasingly prevalent in the elderly population across the world. It's pathophysiological markers such as overproduction along with the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are posing a serious challenge to novel drug development processes. A model which simulates the human neurodegenerative mechanism will be beneficial for rapid screening of potential drug candidates. Due to the comparable neurological network with humans, zebrafish has emerged as a promising AD model. This model has been thoroughly validated through research in aspects of neuronal pathways analogous to the human brain. The cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic pathways, which play a role in the manifested behavior of the zebrafish, are well defined. There are several behavioral models in both adult zebrafish and larvae to establish various aspects of cognitive impairment including spatial memory, associative memory, anxiety, and other such features that are manifested in AD. The zebrafish model eliminates the shortcomings of previously recognized mammalian models, in terms of expense, extensive assessment durations, and the complexity of imaging the brain to test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the various models that analyze the changes in the normal behavioral patterns of the zebrafish when exposed to AD inducing agents. The mechanistic pathway adopted by drugs and novel therapeutic strategies can be explored via these behavioral models and their efficacy to slow the progression of AD can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
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Bellot M, Barata C, Gómez-Canela C. Aqueous stability and degradation of psychiatric and neuroactive compounds and its biological activity in Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149252. [PMID: 34340064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and other emerging contaminants are continuously released into the aquatic environment, considered as 'pseudo-persistent' pollutants. Many compounds degrade fast in the environment, but sometimes their transformation products (TPs) are equally or even more toxic than the parental compounds, raising concern about the potential risks to the environment. In this way, the crustacean Daphnia magna (D. magna) is one of the most widely used organisms in aquatic toxicology studies, since it is an interesting non-vertebrate model to study via neurotransmitters the toxicological consequences of contaminants. In this study, the stability in water of 17 neuroactive compounds using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a MS/MS detector was evaluated. In order to assess the stability of the compounds, samples of 1 ng μL-1 were analyzed at different times (0, 24 and 48 h). No degradation was observed for most of the studied compounds, except for apomorphine and 6-hydroxydopamine that were degraded completely in the first 24 h. The behavioral assay was based in the automatized delivery of visible light stimuli. Most of the tested compounds altered motile responses to light significantly. The pharmaceuticals memantine, imidacloprid, fluoxetine, deprenyl, diazepam, apomorphine and 6-hydroxydopamine decreased motile responses to light. Conversely, pilocarpine, scopolamine, nicotine and p-chlorophenylalanine increased motile responses. Despite the observed degradation of apomorphine and 6-hydroxydopamine, their degradation products (APO-TP1 and 6OH-TP1) were stable and so their effects on behavior. This study shows that a degradation or transformation of the main pollutant is not always linked to a decrease in its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bellot
- Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, URL, via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, URL, via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain.
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Knockout of the hsd11b2 Gene Extends the Cortisol Stress Response in Both Zebrafish Larvae and Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212525. [PMID: 34830405 PMCID: PMC8619348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hsd11b2 enzyme converts cortisol into its inactive form, cortisone and regulates cortisol levels, in particular in response to stress. Taking advantage of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated a hsd11b2 zebrafish mutant line to evaluate the involvement of this gene in stress response regulation. The absence of a functional Hsd11b2 affects survival of zebrafish, although homozygous hsd11b2−/− mutants can reach adulthood. Reproductive capability of hsd11b2−/− homozygous adult males is almost completely abrogated, while that of females is reduced. Interestingly, basal cortisol levels and glucocorticoid-dependent transcriptional activities are not affected by the mutation. In agreement with basal cortisol results, we also demonstrated that basal response to light (LMR-L/D) or mechanical (VSRA) stimuli is not significantly different in wild-type (hsd11b2+/+) compared to mutant larvae. However, after exposure to an acute stressor, the cortisol temporal patterns of synthesis and release are prolonged in both 5 days post fertilization larvae and one-year-old adult hsd11b2−/− zebrafish compared to wild-type siblings, showing at the same time, at 5 dpf, a higher magnitude in the stress response at 10 min post stress. All in all, this new zebrafish model represents a good tool for studying response to different stressors and to identify mechanisms that are induced by cortisol during stress response.
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Qiu Y, Yu K, Yu X, Yi X, Cai K, Li H, Xu S, Wang W, Huang L. Long-term low-dose oxytetracycline potentially leads to neurobehavioural changes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112546. [PMID: 34330038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trace levels of oxytetracycline (OTC)-a veterinary antibiotic and feed additive-are widespread in the environment. Studies revealed that OTC potentially impairs thyroid function, which may affect neurobehaviour; however, the impact of exposure to environmental concentrations of OTC on adult neurobehaviour is unknown. In this study, the effects of OTC on zebrafish after 30-day exposure were investigated. The total swimming distance was significantly increased under vibration and light/dark stimulation, while time spent in the white area was prolonged during the black/white preference test, indicating that the zebrafish became bolder and more impulsive under low OTC exposure. Additionally, monoamine neurotransmitter (5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, norepinephrine) levels were decreased and gene expression of monoamine oxidase (mao) involved in neurotransmitter metabolism was upregulated at the transcription level after OTC exposure. Because triiodothyronine (T3) levels were enhanced following exposure to OTC, we speculated that T3 may mediate OTC damage to the nervous system. Our simulated molecular docking analysis showed that OTC combined with the sodium iodide cotransporter protein may result in excessive T3 synthesis. We further exposed zebrafish to T3, and they exhibited similar behaviour to the OTC exposure group. In conclusion, environmental OTC may activate monoamine oxidase and enhance the metabolism of monoaminergic neurotransmitters via T3, thereby inducing abnormal neurobehaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Qiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kan Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaogang Yu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Weiye Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Lisu Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Wang J, Wang D, Hu G, Yang L, Liu Z, Yan D, Serikuly N, Alpyshov E, Demin KA, Strekalova T, Gil Barcellos LJ, Barcellos HHA, Amstislavskaya TG, de Abreu MS, Kalueff AV. The role of auditory and vibration stimuli in zebrafish neurobehavioral models. Behav Processes 2021; 193:104505. [PMID: 34547376 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Strongly affecting human and animal physiology, sounds and vibration are critical environmental factors whose complex role in behavioral and brain functions necessitates further clinical and experimental studies. Zebrafish are a promising model organism for neuroscience research, including probing the contribution of auditory and vibration stimuli to neurobehavioral processes. Here, we summarize mounting evidence on the role of sound and vibration in zebrafish behavior and brain function, and outline future directions of translational research in this field. With the growing environmental exposure to noise and vibration, we call for more active use of zebrafish models for probing neurobehavioral and bioenvironmental consequences of acute and long-term exposure to sounds and vibration in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guojun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - LongEn Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZiYuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongni Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Erik Alpyshov
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Neurobiology Program, Sirius University, Sochi, Russia
| | - Tatiana Strekalova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonardo J Gil Barcellos
- Graduate Programs in Bio-experimentation and Environmental Sciences, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
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Pharmacological Modulation of Behaviour, Serotonin and Dopamine Levels in Daphnia magna Exposed to the Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Deprenyl. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9080187. [PMID: 34437505 PMCID: PMC8402476 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9080187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor deprenyl in Daphnia magna locomotor activity. The mechanisms of action of deprenyl were also determined by studying the relationship between behaviour, MAO activity and neurotransmitter levels. Modulation of the D. magna monoamine system was accomplished by 24 h exposure to two model psychotropic pharmaceuticals with antagonistic and agonistic serotonin signalling properties: 10 mg/L of 4-chloro-DL-phenylalanine (PCPA) and 1 mg/L of deprenyl, respectively. Contrasting behavioural outcomes were observed for deprenyl and PCPA reflected in decreased basal locomotor activity and enhanced habituation for the former compound and delayed habituation for the latter one. Deprenyl exposure inhibited monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and increased the concentrations of serotonin, dopamine and the dopamine metabolite 3-methoxytyramine in whole D. magna extracts. Our findings indicate that D. magna is a sensitive and useful nonvertebrate model for assessing the effects of short-term exposure to chemicals that alter monoamine signalling changes.
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Faria M, Prats E, Rosas Ramírez JR, Bellot M, Bedrossiantz J, Pagano M, Valls A, Gomez-Canela C, Porta JM, Mestres J, Garcia-Reyero N, Faggio C, Gómez Oliván LM, Raldua D. Androgenic activation, impairment of the monoaminergic system and altered behavior in zebrafish larvae exposed to environmental concentrations of fenitrothion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145671. [PMID: 33621872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fenitrothion is an organophosphorus insecticide usually found in aquatic ecosystems at concentrations in the range of low ng/L. In this manuscript we show that 24 h exposure to environmental concentrations of fenitrothion, from ng/L to low μg/L, altered basal locomotor activity, visual-motor response and acoustic/vibrational escape response of zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, fenitrothion and expression of gap43a, gfap, atp2b1a, and mbp exhibited a significant non-monotonic concentration-response relationship. Once determined that environmental concentrations of fenitrothion were neurotoxic for zebrafish larvae, a computational analysis identified potential protein targets of this compound. Some of the predictions, including interactions with acetylcholinesterase, monoamine-oxidases and androgen receptor (AR), were experimentally validated. Binding to AR was the most suitable candidate for molecular initiating event, as indicated by both the up-regulation of cyp19a1b and sult2st3 and the non-monotonic relationship found between fenitrothion and the observed responses. Finally, when the integrity of the monoaminergic system was evaluated, altered levels of L-DOPA, DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA were found, as well as a significant up-regulation of slc18a2 expression at the lowest concentrations of fenitrothion. These data strongly suggest that concentrations of fenitrothion commonly found in aquatic ecosystems present a significant environmental risk for fish communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Faria
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan Ricardo Rosas Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marina Bellot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliette Bedrossiantz
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pagano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Agata-Messina, Italy
| | - Arnau Valls
- Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial, CSIC-UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gomez-Canela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Porta
- Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial, CSIC-UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Mestres
- Systems Pharmacology, Research Group on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, Chemotargets SL, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Garcia-Reyero
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Agata-Messina, Italy
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Demetrio Raldua
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Pharmacological Modulation of Serotonin Levels in Zebrafish Larvae: Lessons for Identifying Environmental Neurotoxicants Targeting the Serotonergic System. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060118. [PMID: 34070577 PMCID: PMC8227033 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of acute pharmacological modulation of the serotonergic system over zebrafish larvae’s cognitive, basic, and defense locomotor behaviors, using a medium to high throughput screening assay. Furthermore, the relationship between behavior, enzyme activity related to neurotransmitter metabolism, neurotransmitter levels, and gene expression was also determined. Modulation of larvae serotonergic system was accomplished by 24 h exposure to single and opposite pharmacodynamics co-exposure to three model psychopharmaceuticals with antagonistic and agonistic serotonin signaling properties: 2.5 mM 4-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine (PCPA) and 5 µM deprenyl and 0.5 µM fluoxetine, respectively. Similar behavioral outcome was observed for deprenyl and fluoxetine, which was reflected as hypolocomotion, decrease in larvae defensive responses, and cognitive impairment. Contrarily, PCPA induced hyperlocomotion and increase in larvae escape response. Deprenyl exposure effects were more pronounced at a lower level of organization than fluoxetine, with complete inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, dramatic increase of 5-HT and dopamine (DA) levels, and downregulation of serotonin synthesis and transporter genes. PCPA showed mainly effects over serotonin and dopamine’s main degradation metabolites. Finally, co-exposure between agonistic and antagonist serotonin signaling drugs reviled full recovery of zebrafish impaired locomotor and defense responses, 5-HT synthesis gene expression, and partial recovery of 5-HT levels. The findings of this study suggest that zebrafish larvae can be highly sensitive and a useful vertebrate model for short-term exposure to serotonin signaling changes.
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Differential Modulation of the Central and Peripheral Monoaminergic Neurochemicals by Deprenyl in Zebrafish Larvae. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060116. [PMID: 34071101 PMCID: PMC8224676 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos and larvae are vertebrate models increasingly used in translational neuroscience research. Behavioral impairment induced by the exposure to neuroactive or neurotoxic compounds is commonly linked to changes in modulatory neurotransmitters in the brain. Although different analytical methods for determining monoaminergic neurochemicals in zebrafish larvae have been developed, these methods have been used only on whole larvae, as the dissection of the brain of hundreds of larvae is not feasible. This raises a key question: Are the changes in the monoaminergic profile of the whole larvae predictive of the changes in the brain? In this study, the levels of ten monoaminergic neurotransmitters were determined in the head, trunk, and the whole body of zebrafish larvae in a control group and in those treated for 24 h with 5 M deprenyl, a prototypic monoamine-oxidase B inhibitor, eight days post-fertilization. In control larvae, most of the monoaminergic neurochemicals were found at higher levels in the head than in the trunk. Significant changes were found in the distribution of some neurochemicals after deprenyl-treatment, with serotonin and norepinephrine increasing in both the head and the trunk, whereas dopamine, L-DOPA, and homovanillic acid levels were only modulated in the head. In fact, the highly significant increase in dopamine levels observed in the head after deprenyl-treatment was not detected in the whole-body analysis. These results indicate that the analysis of neurotransmitters in the zebrafish larvae whole-body should not be used as a general surrogate of the brain.
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Minski VT, Garbinato C, Thiel N, Siebel AM. Erythromycin in the aquatic environment: deleterious effects on the initial development of zebrafish. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:56-66. [PMID: 33073732 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1834477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the large volume of erythromycin continuously reaching waterbodies and its high persistence, this antibiotic drug has been detected in the aquatic environment at elevated concentrations. Although the problem of the presence of erythromycin in the environment is evident due to its influence in development of antimicrobial resistance, the toxicological consequences on non-target organisms remain to be determined. There are no apparent data on the impact of environmentally relevant concentrations of erythromycin on developing fish. Data on toxic effects during development are essential for evaluation of environmental risk to organisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to erythromycin on certain parameters including hatchability, survival rate, heart rate, and behavior in developing zebrafish. Zebrafish were exposed to a range of environmentally relevant concentrations of antibiotic (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 μg/L) and one concentration 10-fold higher (10 μg/L). Exposure to erythromycin at 0.1 μg/L delayed hatching and decreased survival rate. Exposure to all tested concentrations increased heart rate. Further, exposure to erythromycin at 1 or 10 μg/L enhanced swimming activity. Our results indicated that erythromycin present in the aquatic environment might lead to disabling consequences in developing fish organisms and subsequently may result in ecological imbalance in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeska Toffolo Minski
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó , Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Garbinato
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó , Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Nathana Thiel
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó , Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Anna Maria Siebel
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó , Chapecó, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó , Chapecó, Brazil
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42
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Fuertes I, Barata C. Characterization of neurotransmitters and related metabolites in Daphnia magna juveniles deficient in serotonin and exposed to neuroactive chemicals that affect its behavior: A targeted LC-MS/MS method. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127814. [PMID: 32822934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are endogenous metabolites that play a crucial role within an organism, at the chemical synapses. There is a growing interest in their analytical determination for understanding the neurotoxic effect of contaminants. Daphnia magna represents an excellent aquatic model for these environmental studies, due to its similarities with vertebrates in several neurotransmitters and related gene pathways and because of its wide application in ecotoxicological studies. Within this study, an accurate and sensible method of analysis of 17 neurotransmitters and related precursors and metabolites was developed. The method was validated in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, precision, and accuracy, and also matrix effect was evaluated. As an independent probe of method validation and applicability, the method was applied to two different scenarios. First, it was used for the study of neurotransmitter levels in genetically mutated tryptophan hydrolase D. magna clones, confirming the absence of serotonin and its metabolite 5-HIAA. Additionally, the method was applied for determining the effects of chemical compounds known to affect different neurotransmitter systems and to alter Daphnia behavior. Significant changes were observed in 13 of the analyzed neurotransmitters across treatments, which were related to the neurotransmitter systems described as being affected by these neurochemicals. These two studies, which provide results on the ways in which the neurotransmitter systems in D. magna are affected, have corroborated the applicability of the presented method, of great importance due to the suitability of this organism for environmental neurotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Fuertes
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Kingcade A, Ahuja N, Jefferson A, Schaffer PA, Ryschon H, Cadmus P, Garrity D, Ramsdell H. Morbidity and mortality in Danio rerio and Pimephales promelas exposed to antilipidemic drug mixtures (fibrates and statins) during embryogenesis: Comprehensive assessment via ante and post mortem endpoints. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127911. [PMID: 33297010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antilipidemic drugs are routinely detected in effluent and surface waters downstream of wastewater treatment plants. A mixture exposure study with nine environmentally relevant antilipidemic drugs was performed with zebrafish (Danio rerio, ZF) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas, FHM) embryos to investigate the effects on sensitive embryologic stages. Zebrafish embryos were exposed nominally to: (a) 0.005 μM, (b) 0.05 μM, or (c) 0.5 μM of each drug in the mixture. Fathead minnow embryos were exposed nominally to: (a) 0.0005 μM, (b) 0.005 μM, or (c) 0.05 μM of each drug in the mixture. Several of the individual drug concentrations were within ranges previously found in the environment. Multiple metrics demonstrate that (a) exposure of ZF and FHM embryos to antilipidemic drugs during embryonic development results in lethal and sublethal effects, (b) ZF were more sensitive than FHM based on median lethal concentration (LC50 0.02 μM and 0.05 μM, respectively), but FHM exhibited more severe abnormal sublethal morphologies than zebrafish embryos, and (c) the sublethal effects differed between the two species. This model identified novel specific endpoints for assessing sensitive, sublethal effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment. Abnormal myofiber birefringence pattern, hemorrhage, and heart rate are not included in standard evaluations but each of these metrics demonstrated a dose-dependent response in this study. Results demonstrate risk to fish development with potential repercussions at the population level, especially if environmental concentrations increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kingcade
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Now at Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, 80246, USA.
| | - N Ahuja
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A Jefferson
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - P A Schaffer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - H Ryschon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - P Cadmus
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - D Garrity
- Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - H Ramsdell
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Achenbach JC, Leggiadro C, Sperker SA, Woodland C, Ellis LD. Comparison of the Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity Assay and the General and Behavioral Embryo Toxicity Assay as New Approach Methods for Chemical Screening. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040126. [PMID: 33371320 PMCID: PMC7767334 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The movement away from mammalian testing of potential toxicants and new chemical entities has primarily led to cell line testing and protein-based assays. However, these assays may not yet be sufficient to properly characterize the toxic potential of a chemical. The zebrafish embryo model is widely recognized as a potential new approach method for chemical testing that may provide a bridge between cell and protein-based assays and mammalian testing. The Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity (ZET) model is increasingly recognized as a valuable toxicity testing platform. The ZET assay focuses on the early stages of embryo development and is considered a more humane model compared to adult zebrafish testing. A complementary model has been developed that exposes larvae to toxicants at a later time point during development where body patterning has already been established. Here we compare the toxicity profiles of 20 compounds for this General and Behavioral Toxicity (GBT) assay to the ZET assay. The results show partially overlapping toxicity profiles along with unique information provided by each assay. It appears from this work that these two assays applied together can strengthen the use of zebrafish embryos/larvae as standard toxicity testing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Achenbach
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada; (J.C.A.); (C.L.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Cindy Leggiadro
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada; (J.C.A.); (C.L.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sandra A. Sperker
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada; (J.C.A.); (C.L.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Cindy Woodland
- New Substances Assessment Control Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada;
| | - Lee D. Ellis
- New Substances Assessment Control Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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Bedrossiantz J, Martínez-Jerónimo F, Bellot M, Raldua D, Gómez-Canela C, Barata C. A high-throughput assay for screening environmental pollutants and drugs impairing predator avoidance in Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140045. [PMID: 32559538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses short-term habituation of the escape response in the aquatic crustacean Daphnia magna evoked by sudden changes in light intensity, using a high-throughput system. Daphnia magna exhibits a marked phototactic behaviour and swim away from light to avoid predation by fish. Currently, there is no information available on the habituation of this phototactic response. The Daphnia photomotor response assay (DPRA) measures the distance moved after a sudden increase in light intensity. Using DPRA, it is possible to determine not only the magnitude of the phototactic response, but also its habituation after repetitive cycles of light and darkness. The progressive reduction observed in response to a series of light stimuli in the proposed assay meet the criteria for habituation. Most cholinergic and serotonergic modulators enhanced photomotor responses and reduced habituation. Dopaminergic and histaminergic modulators also reduced habituation, whereas diazepam was the only compound that increased habituation. Imidacloprid, apomorphine, diphenhydramine, diazepam, and memantine decreased photomotor responses. Thus, the DPRA was also predictive in assessing the effects of neuroactive and neurotoxic environmental contaminants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, diazepam, organophosphorous, and neonicotinoid pesticides. We conclude that the proposed DPRA may be an effective screening tool for compounds that can impair predation avoidance behaviour in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Bedrossiantz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marina Bellot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Agusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Demetrio Raldua
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Agusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Evaluation of the Adverse Effects of Chronic Exposure to Donepezil (An Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor) in Adult Zebrafish by Behavioral and Biochemical Assessments. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091340. [PMID: 32962160 PMCID: PMC7564914 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Donepezil (DPZ) is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for the clinical treatment of mild cognitive impairment. However, DPZ has been reported to have adverse effects, including causing abnormal cardiac rhythm, insomnia, vomiting, and muscle cramps. However, the existence of these effects in subjects without Dementia is unknown. In this study, we use zebrafish to conduct a deeper analysis of the potential adverse effects of DPZ on the short-term memory and behaviors of normal zebrafish by performing multiple behavioral and biochemical assays. Adult zebrafish were exposed to 1 ppm and 2.5 ppm of DPZ. From the results, DPZ caused a slight improvement in the short-term memory of zebrafish and induced significant elevation in aggressiveness, while the novel tank and shoaling tests revealed anxiolytic-like behavior to be caused by DPZ. Furthermore, zebrafish circadian locomotor activity displayed a higher reduction of locomotion and abnormal movement orientation in both low- and high-dose groups, compared to the control group. Biomarker assays revealed that these alterations were associated with an elevation of oxytocin and a reduction of cortisol levels in the brain. Moreover, the significant increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in muscle tissue suggest DPZ exposure induced muscle tissue oxidative stress and muscle weakness, which may underlie the locomotor activity impairment. In conclusion, we show, for the first time, that chronic waterborne exposure to DPZ can severely induce adverse effects on normal zebrafish in a dose-dependent manner. These unexpected adverse effects on behavioral alteration should be carefully addressed in future studies considering DPZ conducted on zebrafish or other animals.
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Garbinato C, Schneider SE, Sachett A, Decui L, Conterato GM, Müller LG, Siebel AM. Exposure to ractopamine hydrochloride induces changes in heart rate and behavior in zebrafish embryos and larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21468-21475. [PMID: 32277412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Different veterinary drugs have been widely found in surface and groundwater, affecting non-target organisms. Ractopamine (RAC) is one of these drugs found in water bodies. It is a β-adrenergic agonist used as a feed additive to modulate the metabolism, redirect nutrients from the adipose tissue towards muscles, and increase protein synthesis in swine, cattle, and turkeys. RAC shows toxicological potential, but there is no data about its impacts on the development of non-target organisms, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio). In this study, we evaluated the effect of the exposure to this feed additive on critical parameters (hatching, survival, spontaneous movement, heart rate, and exploratory and locomotor behavior) in zebrafish embryos and larvae. The animals were exposed to RAC hydrochloride at 0.1, 0.2, 0.85, 8.5, and 85 μg/L. Zebrafish exposed to the drug showed increased heart rate at all tested concentrations and alterations on locomotion and exploratory behavior at 85 μg/L. No changes were observed in the survival, hatching rate and spontaneous movement. Our results suggest that RAC present in the environment can induce disabling effects on non-target organisms and elicit an ecological imbalance by increasing the animals' vulnerability to predation due to greater visibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Garbinato
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Ester Schneider
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
| | - Adrieli Sachett
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Decui
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
| | - Greicy M Conterato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Agricultura, Biodiversidade e Floresta, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus de Curitibanos, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Liz Girardi Müller
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
| | - Anna Maria Siebel
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil.
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48
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Faria M, Wu X, Luja-Mondragón M, Prats E, Gómez-Oliván LM, Piña B, Raldúa D. Screening anti-predator behaviour in fish larvae exposed to environmental pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136759. [PMID: 31986390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Predation is one of the main sources of mortality for fish larvae. During evolution, they have developed different anti-predator behaviours, as the vibrational-evoked startle response and its habituation, for promoting survival to predator's strikes. Whereas these two behaviours can be altered by the exposure to some neurotoxicants, it is currently unknown if the exposure to environmentally relevant concentration (ERC) of neurotoxic pollutants could impair them. In this study thirty neurotoxic environmental pollutants from nine chemical groups, including: herbicides; carbamate, organophosphate (OP), organochlorine (OC), neonicotinoid and pyrethroid insecticides; toxins; metal and non-metal elements, have been screened at two concentrations, including one environmental relevant concentration (ERC), for adverse effects on anti-predator behaviours by using the Vibrational Startle Response Assay on zebrafish larvae. Significant effects over anti-predator responses were equally observed in both exposure concentrations. Focusing on the ERC scenario, it was found that the startle response was the less affected behaviour, where ten pollutants from all chemical groups except for organochlorine, neonicotinoid and pyrethroids, altered this response. Interestingly, organic and inorganic pollutants showed opposite effects on this response: whereas all organic pollutants decreased the startle response, the three remaining inorganic pollutants increased it. On the other hand, more pollutants affected habituation of the startle response of the larvae, where thirteen of the pollutants from all groups, except for herbicides, altered this behaviour at ERC, generally resulting in a faster habituation except for one OP and one marine toxin, which were able to delay this response. Ultimately, only one chemical from the OP, toxin, metal and non-metal element groups altered both the startle response and its habituation at both ERC and WSC. These results emphasize the environmental risk of the current levels of some neurotoxicants present in our aquatic ecosystems, as they are high enough to impair essential anti-predator behaviours in fish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Faria
- IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xiaona Wu
- IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marlenne Luja-Mondragón
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Eva Prats
- CID-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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49
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Faria M, Bedrossiantz J, Prats E, Rovira Garcia X, Gómez-Canela C, Piña B, Raldúa D. Deciphering the mode of action of pollutants impairing the fish larvae escape response with the vibrational startle response assay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:121-128. [PMID: 30954810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The escape response evoked by vibrational stimuli and its habituation, essential behaviors for fish larvae survival, can be altered by neurotoxic environmental pollutants commonly found in our aquatic ecosystems. In this study we have analyzed the suitability of the Vibrational Startle Response Assay (VSRA) to obtain mechanistic information about the mode of action (MoA) of the chemicals impairing the escape response and its habituation. As a proof of concept, the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the action of two common neurotoxic pesticides, chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO) and imidacloprid, over their effects on arousal and habituation of the escape response were studied by using pharmacological antagonists of the nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, mecamylamine (MCA) and scopolamine, respectively. Furthermore, potential changes in the neurotransmitter profile were analyzed. Results revealed that whereas the effect of CPO on arousal was mainly mediated by the activation of nAChRs, its effect on habituation was mainly mediated by mAChRs. On the other hand, imidacloprid only affected larvae arousal which was found to be mediated by a cholinergic independent mechanism. No association between behavioral effects on arousal or habituation in affected larvae was found with their corresponding neurotransmitter profile. These results confirm the suitability of VSRA to provide mechanistic information about the potential MoA of neuroactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Faria
- IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Eva Prats
- CID-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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