1
|
Li L, Li W, Liu Y, Han B, Yu Y, Lin H. Emamectin benzoate exposure induced carp kidney injury by triggering mitochondrial oxidative stress to accelerate ferroptosis and autophagy. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:106017. [PMID: 39084778 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB), commonly used as an insecticide in fishery production, inevitably leaves residual chemicals in aquatic environments. High-level EMB exposure can cause severe damage to multiple systems of marine animals, potentially through mechanisms involving severe mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. However, it is not clear yet how EMB exposure at a certain level can cause damage to fish kidney tissue. In this study, we exposed carps to an aquatic environment containing 2.4 μg/L of EMB and cultured carp kidney cells in vitro, established a cell model exposed to EMB. Our findings revealed that EMB exposure resulted in severe kidney tissue damage in carp and compromised the viability of grass carp kidney cells (CIK cells). By RNA-seq analysis, EMB exposure led to significant differences in mitochondrial homeostasis, response to ROS, ferroptosis, and autophagy signals in carp kidney tissue. Mechanistically, EMB exposure induced mitochondrial oxidative stress by promoting the generation of mitochondrial superoxide and reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, EMB exposure triggered loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, an imbalance in mitochondrial fusion/division homeostasis, and dysfunction in oxidative phosphorylation, ultimately impairing ATP synthesis. Notably, EMB exposure also accelerated excessive autophagy and ferroptosis of cells by contributing to the formation of lipid peroxides and autophagosomes, and the deposition of Fe2+. However, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment alleviated the damage and death of CIK cells by inhibiting oxidative stress. Overall, our study demonstrated that EMB exposure induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial homeostasis, and function, promoted autophagy and ferroptosis of kidney cells, and ultimately led to kidney tissue damage in carp. Our research enhanced the toxicological understanding on EMB exposure and provides a model reference for comparative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Wan Li
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yanbo Yu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hongjin Lin
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schultze S, Langva HK, Wei J, Chatzigeorgiou M, Rundberget JT, Hessen DO, Ruus A, Andersen T, Borgå K. Do DOM quality and origin affect the uptake and accumulation of a lipid-soluble contaminant in a filter feeding ascidian species (Ciona) that can target small particle size classes? AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:107026. [PMID: 39059104 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The widely reported increase of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (terrDOM) in northern latitude coastal areas ("coastal darkening") can impact contaminant dynamics in affected systems. One potential impact is based on differences in chemical adsorption processes of the molecularly larger terrDOM compared to marine DOM (marDOM) that leads to increased emulsification of lipophilic contaminants with terrDOM. Filter feeders filter large amounts of water and DOM daily and thus are directly exposed to associated contaminants through both respiration and feeding activity. Thus, increased exposure to terrDOM could potentially lead to an increase in bioaccumulation of lipid soluble contaminants in filter feeders. To assess the effect of DOM on bioaccumulation in filter feeders, we exposed the mucous based filter feeding ascidian Ciona intestinalis (formerly known as Ciona intestinalis Type B), to the lipophilic veterinary drug teflubenzuron (log KOW: 5.39) in combination with four DOM treatments: TerrDOM, marDOM, a mix of the two called mixDOM, and seawater without DOM addition. The exposure lasted for 15 days, after which the individuals in all DOM treatments showed a trend towards higher bioaccumulation of Teflubenzuron than those in the seawater control. However, there was considerable overlap in posterior distributions. Against our expectations, marDOM resulted in the highest bioaccumulation factor (BAF), followed by mixDOM, with terrDOM resulting in the lowest BAF except for seawater (kinetic BAF L/kg median, 2.5 %-97.5 % percentile marDOM 94, 74-118; mixDOM 82, 63-104; terrDOM 79; 61-99; seawater 61, 44-79). All BAFs were below the level of concern according to the EU REACH regulation (BAF < 2000 L / kg) and, therefore, likely not environmentally problematic in the examined context. However, the results show that DOM can act as a dietary vector; thus, different combinations of contaminants, DOM, and filter feeding organisms should be tested further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schultze
- Department of Biosciences, Aquatic Biology and Toxicology and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway.
| | - Hilde K Langva
- Department of Biosciences, Aquatic Biology and Toxicology and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Biosciences, Aquatic Biology and Toxicology and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | | | - Jan T Rundberget
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, Oslo 0579, Norway
| | - Dag O Hessen
- Department of Biosciences, Aquatic Biology and Toxicology and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Anders Ruus
- Department of Biosciences, Aquatic Biology and Toxicology and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, Oslo 0579, Norway
| | - Tom Andersen
- Department of Biosciences, Aquatic Biology and Toxicology and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, Aquatic Biology and Toxicology and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asnicar D, Jonah L, de Jourdan B, Kingsbury M, Hamoutene D. Exposure of female lobsters to sediments spiked with emamectin benzoate: Effects on eggs and larvae early development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174840. [PMID: 39032750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The salmon aquaculture industry is an important economic activity established on both the west and east coast of Canada. To control sea lice infestations, in-feed products like emamectin benzoate (EMB) are widely used. Due to its low solubility and persistence EMB can accumulate in marine sediments and be potentially bioavailable to non-target organisms from months to years. The American lobster (Homarus americanus) is a key species in the Northwest Atlantic with high economic and ecological value. It may be exposed to therapeutants considering lobster habitats overlap with aquaculture locations requiring a better understanding of the potential impact of these therapeutants through varied pathways of exposure. In this study, we investigated the exposure of gravid female lobsters to EMB spiked sediment to mimic the likely presence of these females at aquaculture sites for a 10-day period. We completed testing by assessing EMB effects on adult molting and quality, embryo hatching rates, and larval offspring quality and larval molting. Our results show that a single, 10-day exposure of ovigerous females to EMB concentrations higher than environmentally relevant values did not affect females or their offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Asnicar
- Aquatic Bioscience, Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L7, Canada
| | - L Jonah
- Saint Andrews Biological Station, 125 Marine Science Drive, Saint Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - B de Jourdan
- Aquatic Bioscience, Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L7, Canada
| | - M Kingsbury
- Saint Andrews Biological Station, 125 Marine Science Drive, Saint Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada
| | - D Hamoutene
- Saint Andrews Biological Station, 125 Marine Science Drive, Saint Andrews, NB E5B 0E4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bi Y, Wei H, Yu T, Li X, Xu S. New insights into resveratrol attenuates hepatotoxicity in emamectin benzoate-exposed grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) via NO system/NF-κB signaling pathway. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 202:105941. [PMID: 38879332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is extensively used as a crop protection agent. Overuse of EMB poses a serious threat to the quality of water and non-target organisms in the environment. Resveratrol (RES) is a natural phytoalexin with the function of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether EMB affects the expression of cytokines and induces autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis of hepatocytes (L8824 cell) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and whether RES has an attenuate function in this process. Therefore, we established the L8824 cells model of EMB exposure and treated it with RES. The results showed that compared with the control (CON) group, EMB exposure significantly increased the nitric oxide (NO) content, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, and the expression of iNOS and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB) (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group, the results of flow cytometry and dansylcadaverine (MDC) staining showed a significant increase in apoptosis and autophagy in the EMB-exposed group (P < 0.05) with the activation of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X (Bax)/cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (Caspase-3)/cysteine-aspartic acid protease 9 (Caspase-9) pathway and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)/sequestosome 1 (p62)/Beclin1 pathway. EMB exposure significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIPK1)/receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIPK3)/mixed the lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) pathway (P < 0.05). Moreover, EMB exposure significantly increased the expression of genes related to immunity (immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin D (IgD), and antimicrobial peptide-related genes expression including β-defensin and hepcidin) (P < 0.05). The addition of RES significantly diminished autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, and immunity-related gene expression by inhibiting iNOS activity, NO content, and the protein expression of iNOS and p-NF-κB. In conclusion, RES attenuated autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis in EMB-exposed L8824 cells via suppression of the NO system/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Haidong Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Tingting Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, You L, Xu Z, Gin KYH, He Y. Nano-scale and micron-scale plastics amplify the bioaccumulation of benzophenone-3 and ciprofloxacin, as well as their co-exposure effect on disturbing the antioxidant defense system in mussels, Perna viridis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123547. [PMID: 38387549 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Plastics ranging from nano-scale to micron-scale are frequently ingested by many marine animals. These particles exhibit biotoxicity and additionally perform as vectors that convey and amass adsorbed chemicals within organisms. Meanwhile, the frequency of detection of the benzophenone-3 and ciprofloxacin can be adsorbed on plastic particles, then accumulated in bivalves, causing biotoxicity. To understand their unknown accumulative kinetics in vivo affected by different plastic sizes and toxic effect from co-exposure, several scenarios were set up in which the mode organism were exposed to 0.6 mg/L of polystyrene carrying benzophenone-3 and ciprofloxacin in three sizes (300 nm, 38 μm, and 0.6 mm). The live Asian green mussels were chosen as mode organism for exposure experiments, in which they were exposed to environments with plastics of different sizes laden with benzophenone-3 and ciprofloxacin, then depurated for 7 days. The bioaccumulation and depuration kinetics of benzophenone-3 and ciprofloxacin were measured using HPLC-MS/MS after one week of exposure and depuration. Meanwhile, their toxic effect were investigated by measuring the changes in six biomarkers (condition index, reactive oxygen species, catalase, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, cytochrome P450 and DNA damage). The bioconcentration factors in mussels under different exposure conditions were 41.48-111.75 for benzophenone-3 and 6.45 to 12.35 for ciprofloxacin. The results suggested that microplastics and nanoplastics can act as carriers to increase bioaccumulation and toxicity of adsorbates in mussels in a size-dependent manner. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species caused by microplastics and nanoplastics led to increased DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and changes in antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants during exposure. Marked disruption of antioxidant defenses and genotoxic effects in mussels during depuration indicated impaired recovery. Compared to micron-scale plastic with sizes over a hundred micrometers that had little effect on bivalve bioaccumulation and toxicity, nano-scale plastic greatly enhanced the biotoxicity effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Luhua You
- National University of Singapore Environment Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Zichen Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- National University of Singapore Environment Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A07-03, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National University of Singapore Environment Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore, 138602, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taormina B, Escobar-Lux RH, Legrand E, Parsons AE, Kutti T, Husa V, Hannisdal R, Samuelsen OB, Agnalt AL. Effects of the sea lice chemotherapeutant, emamectin benzoate, on metabolism and behaviour of the sea-pen Pennatula phosphorea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115903. [PMID: 38091631 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutants used to control infestations by sea lice can be released into the marine environment surrounding aquaculture farms. Among these therapeutic agents, emamectin benzoate is extensively utilized even though its impact on non-target taxa has not been thoroughly examined. In this context, we explored the effects of emamectin benzoate on a common Norwegian habitat-forming species: the phosphorescent sea-pen Pennatula phosphorea. Specifically, we examined P. phosphorea metabolic and responses before, during and after exposure to emamectin benzoate. Results indicate that an 8-day emamectin benzoate exposure (0.8 mg/L) did not induce P. phosphorea mortality or significant behavioural or metabolic modifications. However, we highlighted the presence and persistence of emamectin benzoate in exposed P. phosphorea tissue. These results indicate that emamectin benzoate is unlikely to adversely impact P. phosphorea populations in the environment. However, persistence of emamectin benzoate in tissue constitutes a potential for bioaccumulation with repeated treatments and should be examined in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Taormina
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, Bergen 5005, Norway.
| | - Rosa Helena Escobar-Lux
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, Storebø 5392, Norway
| | - Erwann Legrand
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, Bergen 5005, Norway
| | | | - Tina Kutti
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, Bergen 5005, Norway
| | - Vivian Husa
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, Bergen 5005, Norway
| | - Rita Hannisdal
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, Bergen 5005, Norway
| | - Ole B Samuelsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, Bergen 5005, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gu J, Guo L, Hu J, Ji G, Yin D. Potential adverse outcome pathway (AOP) of emamectin benzoate mediated cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165787. [PMID: 37499828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is an efficient insecticide which widely used as an anthelmintic drug additive in aquaculture fish. However, its extensive use has resulted in widespread pollution in the aquatic environment. Previous studies have identified the potential developmental and neurotoxic effects of EMB, however, systematic studies pertaining to the cardiovascular toxic effects of EMB on fish are scarce. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to EMB at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/L for 3 days, aiming to investigate the cardiovascular toxic effects of EMB via examining morphology, cardiac function, and vascular development phenotypes. It revealed that EMB exposure led to marked deteriorated effects, including adverse effects on mortality, hatching rate, and general morphological traits, such as malformation, heart rate, body length, and eye area, in zebrafish embryos/larvae. Furthermore, EMB exposure resulted in abnormal cardiac function and vascular development, triggering neutrophil migration and aggregation toward the pericardial and dorsal vascular regions, and finalized apoptosis in the zebrafish heart region, these phenomena were further deciperred by the transcriptome analysis that the Toll-like receptor pathway, P53 pathway, and apoptotic pathway were significantly affected by EMB exposure. Moreover, the molecular docking and aspirin anti-inflammatory rescue assays indicated that TLR2 and TLR4 might be the potential targets of EMB. Taken together, our study provides preliminary evidence that EMB may induce apoptosis by affecting inflammatory signaling pathways and eventually lead to abnormal cardiovascular development in zebrafish. This study provides a simple toxicological AOP framework for safe pesticide use and management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Liguo Guo
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Guixiang Ji
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schultze S, Andersen T, Knudtzon N, Ruus A, Rundberget JT, Brooks SJ, Poste A, Hessen DO, Borgå K. Do DOM quality and origin affect the uptake and accumulation of lipid-soluble contaminants in coastal filter feeders? An experimental simulation of teflubenzuron exposure to blue mussels. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 263:106696. [PMID: 37757569 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The increased export of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (terrDOM) to coastal marine ecosystems may affect local filter feeders and the local food web via the altered uptake of organic material and associated contaminants. To compare terrDOM to marine DOM (marDOM) as contaminant vectors to coastal biota, we exposed blue mussels (Mytilus sp.) to the different DOM types in combination with teflubenzuron, a widely applied lipophilic aquaculture medicine targeting salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). A 16-day exposure of the blue mussels to DOM and teflubenzuron was followed by a depuration phase of 20 days without teflubenzuron. We calculated teflubenzuron adsorption rates and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) using a Bayesian model, expecting teflubenzuron uptake to be greater with terrDOM than marDOM due to the higher prevalence of large amphipathic humic acids in terrDOM. Humic acids have strong absorption properties and are able to envelope lipophilic molecules. Thus, humic acids can function as an efficient contaminant vector when taken up by filter feeders. Although there were varying degrees of overlap, the mussels tended to accumulate higher amounts of teflubenzuron in the DOM treatments than in the seawater control (bioaccumulation factor [BAF] in seawater: median 106 L/kg; 2.5 %-97.5 % percentile: 69-160 L/kg). Contrary to expectations, mussels exposed to marDOM showed a trend toward more bioaccumulation of teflubenzuron than those exposed to terrDOM (BAF marine 144 L/kg; 102-221 L/kg versus BAF terrestrial: 121 L/kg; 82-186 L/kg). The highest teflubenzuron accumulation was observed with the 50:50 mixture of marDOM and terrDOM (BAF mix: 165 L/kg; 117-244 L/kg). The slight difference in DOM-type accumulation rates observed in this experiment-especially the accumulation rate of terrDOM compared to that of the seawater-only treatment type-was not considered environmentally relevant. Further studies are necessary to see if the observed trends transfer to complex environmental systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schultze
- Department of Biosciences, Aquatic Biology and Toxicology and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway.
| | - Tom Andersen
- Department of Biosciences, Aquatic Biology and Toxicology and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Nina Knudtzon
- Department of Biosciences, Aquatic Biology and Toxicology and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Anders Ruus
- Department of Biosciences, Aquatic Biology and Toxicology and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, Oslo 0579, Norway
| | - Jan T Rundberget
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, Oslo 0579, Norway
| | - Steven J Brooks
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, Oslo 0579, Norway
| | - Amanda Poste
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, Oslo 0579, Norway; UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre for High North Research, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dag O Hessen
- Department of Biosciences, Aquatic Biology and Toxicology and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, Aquatic Biology and Toxicology and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muniz MS, Maia MES, Araruna ICA, Martins RX, Rocha TL, Farias D. A review on the ecotoxicity of macrocyclic lactones and benzimidazoles on aquatic organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:54257-54279. [PMID: 36929260 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite its wide production and several applications, veterinary antiparasitics from macrocyclic lactones and benzimidazole classes have not received much scientific attention concerning their environmental risks. Thus, we aimed to provide insights into the state of the environmental research on macrocyclic lactone and benzimidazole parasiticides, emphasizing their toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms. We searched for relevant information on these pharmaceutical classes on PubMed and Web of Science. Our search yielded a total of 45 research articles. Most articles corresponded to toxicity testing (n = 29), followed by environmental fate (n = 14) and other issues (n = 2) of selected parasiticides. Macrocyclic lactones were the most studied chemical group (65% of studies). Studies were conducted mainly with invertebrate taxa (70%), with crustaceans being the most predominant group (n = 27; 51%). Daphnia magna was the most used species (n = 8; 15%). Besides, it also proved to be the most sensitive organism, yielding the lowest toxicity measure (EC50 0.25 μg/L for decreased mobility after 48 h-abamectin exposure) reported. Moreover, most studies were performed in laboratory settings, tracking a limited number of endpoints (acute mortality, immobility, and community disturbance). We posit that macrocyclic lactones and benzimidazoles warrant coordinated action to understand their environmental risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Silva Muniz
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, 58050-085, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Souza Maia
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, 58050-085, Brazil
| | - Igor Cauê Alves Araruna
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, 58050-085, Brazil
| | - Rafael Xavier Martins
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, 58050-085, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Davi Farias
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, 58050-085, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Y, Han M, Liu C, Tang Y, Jia M, Chen X, Liang H, Gao Y, Gu X. Subchronic toxicity of oral deltamethrin in laying chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1079580. [PMID: 36570503 PMCID: PMC9768501 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1079580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroid pesticides, with low toxicity to birds and mammals and short persistence in the environment, are widely used now. With the development of intensive poultry farming, pesticide application leads to residues in poultry products and pollution in ecological environment. The aim of the present study was to examine deltamethrin subchronic toxicity in laying chickens. One hundred and twelve laying chickens were randomly assigned to 14 groups including 13 groups medicated with deltamethrin (n = 8) and one unmedicated group used as control (n = 8). Tissue samples were collected during and after administration for weighing and histopathological analysis. A single dose of deltamethrin (20 mg·kg-1·BW·d) was administered orally to laying chickens for 14 days. The results showed that deltamethrin has no significant effect on the relative organ weight of laying chickens (p > 0.05). The activities of aspartate aminotransferase and cholinesterase in the plasma gradually decreased over time in the medicated group (p < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of urea nitrogen, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine significantly increased during treatment (p < 0.05), and significant liver damage and loss of intestinal villous epithelium were observed. The intestinal wall thickness, villus height, and crypt depth of laying chickens were altered by deltamethrin treatment. During treatment was withdrawn, the intestinal repair was more extensive than the liver repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-Origin Risk Factor Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-Origin Risk Factor Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-Origin Risk Factor Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-Origin Risk Factor Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Jia
- China Feed Industry Association, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-Origin Risk Factor Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yunfeng Gao
- Heilingjiang Technical Appraisal Station of Agricultural Products, Veterinary Pharmaceuticals and Feed Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Gu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-Origin Risk Factor Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xu Gu
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Yu Z, Han B, Li S, Lv Y, Wang X, Yang Q, Wu P, Liao Y, Qu B, Zhang Z. Activation of the GPX4/TLR4 Signaling Pathway Participates in the Alleviation of Selenium Yeast on Deltamethrin-Provoked Cerebrum Injury in Quails. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2946-2961. [PMID: 35247140 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a member of pyrethroid pesticide widely applied for agriculture and aquaculture, and its residue in the environment seriously threatens the bio-safety. The cerebrum might be vulnerable to pesticide-triggered oxidative stress. However, there is no specific antidote for treating DLM-triggered cerebral injury. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element functionally forming selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in antioxidant defense. Se yeast (SY) is a common and effective organic form of Se supplement with high selenomethionine content. Accordingly, this study focused on investigating the therapeutic potential of SY on DLM-induced cerebral injury in quails after chronically exposing to DLM and exploring the underlying mechanisms. Quails were treated with/without SY (0.4 mg kg-1 SY added in standard diet) in the presence/absence of DLM (45 mg kg-1 body weight intragastrically) for 12 weeks. The results showed SY supplementation ameliorated DLM-induced cerebral toxicity. Concretely, SY elevated the content of Se and increased GPX4 level in DLM-treated quail cerebrum. Furthermore, SY enhanced antioxidant defense system by upregulating nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) associated members. Inversely, SY diminished the changes of apoptosis- and inflammation-associated proteins and genes including toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Collectively, our results suggest that dietary SY protects against DLM-induced cerebral toxicity in quails via positively regulating the GPX4/TLR4 signaling pathway. GPX4 may be a potential therapeutic target for insecticide-induced biotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhongxian Yu
- Pharmacy Department, The Affiliated Hospital To Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Road, Hongqi Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yueying Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qingyue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuge Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Álvarez-Ruiz R, Picó Y, Campo J. Bioaccumulation of emerging contaminants in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis): Influence of microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:149006. [PMID: 34328891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coastal environments are heavily influenced by human activities. Chemical substances considered as emerging contaminants (ECs) are one of the most important indicators of the anthropic influence on the environment, and they have recently shown to interact with microplastics (MPs). Mussels are suitable for in-lab bioacumulation studies providing insight about the occurrence and fate of contaminants in the organisms. In this study, bioacummulation of 20 chemical substances catalogued as ECs, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Mytilus galloprovincialis was assessed, with or without the influence of the presence of MPs. Mussels were distributed in three groups: control (B), exposed to ECs (C) and exposed to ECs and polyethylene MPs (C+M). The study was carried out for 58 days separated in two stages (i) exposure during days 0-28, and (ii) depuration during days 29-58. Visceral mass and haemolymph of the mussels were extracted separately, using QuEChERS and solid phase extraction (SPE), respectively. Then, extracts were analysed via UHPLC-MS/MS. Results showed that 3 PPCPs, 4 pesticides and 3 PFASs accumulated in visceral mass with bioconcentration factors (BCFs) ranging 6.7-15000 L/kg/d. In addition, 2 PPCPs, 2 pesticides and PFPeA were detected in haemolymph showing BCFs ranging 0.9-3.3 L/kg/d. When comparing C and C+M, MPs worked as a vector for the accumulation of the PFASs: PFOA, PFOS, PFDA and PFPeA; showing higher BCFs in the presence of MPs. Furthermore, the elimination of PFDA and PFOS was slower in the mussels exposed to MPs. On the other hand, the pesticides terbuthylazine and chlorpyrifos showed lower BCFs and more rapid elimination in the mussels exposed to MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Álvarez-Ruiz
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), Universitat de València-CSIC-GV, Moncada-Náquera Road km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), Universitat de València-CSIC-GV, Moncada-Náquera Road km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julián Campo
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), Universitat de València-CSIC-GV, Moncada-Náquera Road km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bamber S, Rundberget JT, Kringstad A, Bechmann RK. Effects of simulated environmental discharges of the salmon lice pesticides deltamethrin and azamethiphos on the swimming behaviour and survival of adult Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 240:105966. [PMID: 34555744 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Swimming behaviour was investigated in adult egg-carrying northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) exposed to dilute concentrations of the pesticides Alpha Max® (active ingredient deltamethrin) and Salmosan® (active ingredient azamethiphos) used to control parasitic copepods in salmon aquaculture. These treatments are applied topically within fish nets or well boats. Following a short treatment period, the pesticides are directly discharged to sea, exposing non-target organisms such as P. borealis to diluted concentrations of these chemicals. Locomotor activity was measured continuously in individual shrimp over several days within which they were exposed to treatments of diluted AlphaMax® or Salmosan®. Dilutions were based on modelling and dispersion studies from the literature and were considered environmentally realistic for greater than 1 km from point of discharge. 24 h continuous flow treatments were delivered within a 3.5-day monitoring period to observe the timeline of events following the release of treatment water, addressing questions of temporal responses in locomotor activity, recognising key time points of significant events and assessing the survival capacity of the shrimp. Exposure of shrimp to 1 ng l-1 deltamethrin triggered an immediate increase in swimming activity which reduced in intensity over the following 22 h leaving all shrimp either moribund or dead. A further exposure trial exposing shrimp to 0.2 ng l-1 deltamethrin (nominal) showed an increase in activity at the start of exposure that continued throughout the 24 h delivery, returning to previous levels by the end of the 3.5-day monitoring period. All these shrimps survived for at least four weeks after exposure, putting the threshold concentration of deltamethrin leading to immobility or death in adult P. borealis within this study at greater than 0.2 ng l-1 (nominal) and less than 1 ng l - 1 (measured). Exposure of P. borealis to azamethiphos at 30 ng l-1 induced several periods of significantly increased activity within the first 10 h of exposure and an extended period of reduced activity during post exposure, though no morbidity was observed with this treatment. No significant increase in activity or morbidity was observed in shrimp during a water vehicle control assessment. Shrimps exposed to a combination of 30 ng l-1 azamethiphos and 1 ng l-1 deltamethrin broadly followed the response pattern shown by shrimp exposed to 1 ng l-1 deltamethrin alone. Pesticide residues were not detected in post exposure tissue analyses for either chemical. The potential ecological significance of increased swimming activity at the start of pesticide exposures is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaw Bamber
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072, Randaberg, Norway.
| | - Jan Thomas Rundberget
- The Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Alfhild Kringstad
- The Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li J, Jiang H, Wu P, Li S, Han B, Yang Q, Wang X, Han B, Deng N, Qu B, Zhang Z. Toxicological effects of deltamethrin on quail cerebrum: Weakened antioxidant defense and enhanced apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117319. [PMID: 33990053 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin is the most common type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, and has posed widespread residues to environment. However, whether deltamethrin has potential toxic effects on quail cerebrum remains greatly obscure. Accordingly, we investigated the impact of chronic exposure to deltamethrin on oxidative stress and apoptosis in quail cerebrum. Quails upon 12-week exposure of deltamethrin (0, 15, 30, or 45 mg/kg body weight intragastric administration) were used as a cerebrum injury model. The results showed that deltamethrin treatment led to cerebral injury dose-dependently through the weakened antioxidant defense by downregulating nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream proteins levels and mRNA expression. Furthermore, deltamethrin treatment induced apoptosis in cerebrum by decreasing B-cell lymphoma gene 2 (Bcl-2) level, as well as increasing Jun N-terminal kinase3, caspase-3, and Bcl-2-associated X protein levels. Simultaneously, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) downstream inflammation-related genes or proteins were significantly up-regulated by deltamethrin dose-dependently. Altogether, our study demonstrated that chronic exposure to deltamethrin induces inflammation and apoptosis in quail cerebrums by promoting oxidative stress linked to inhibition of the Nrf2/TLR4 signaling pathway. These results provide a novel knowledge on the chronic toxic effect of deltamethrin, and establish a theoretical foundation for the evaluation of pesticide-induced health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qingyue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Biqi Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ning Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Study of Microplastics and Inorganic Contaminants in Mussels from the Montenegrin Coast, Adriatic Sea. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9050544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected at three locations in Boka Kotorska Bay, on the Montenegrin Adriatic coast, were analyzed for the first time by optical and Raman microscopy to detect microplastics (MPs) and other emerging contaminants in their soft tissues. Concentrations of six trace metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cd, and Hg) were also measured in the same samples by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Mussels from a location near the urban area of Kotor were found to exhibit the highest content of MPs and other pollutants originating from anthropogenic sources, while farmed mussels showed higher carotenoid as well as nylon content. The hypothesis of MPs acting as a possible secondary route of trace metals ingress in mussels, a thus far scarcely studied topic, was evaluated based on a comparative analysis of the obtained results. In this context, it was noticed that nylon filaments originating from mussel farming equipment might contribute to higher trace metal content. The results showed that the simultaneous analysis of different contaminants in mussels can be a significant step forward in marine environment pollution monitoring and the assessment of human health risks associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood.
Collapse
|