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He X, Chen J, Xin M, Han T, Wang Y, Han C, Wang B. Spatiotemporal distribution, risk levels, and transport variations in neonicotinoids and fipronil and its metabolites cross a river-to-sea continuum. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135297. [PMID: 39106726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) and fipronil are widely used in pest control, but their spatiotemporal distribution and risk levels in the "river-estuary-bay" system remain unclear. Between 2018 and 2021, 148 water samples from rivers to inshore and offshore seawater in Laizhou Bay, China were collected to investigate the presence of eight NEOs and fipronil and its metabolites (FIPs). Significant seasonal variations in NEOs were observed under the influence of different cultivation practices and climatic conditions, with higher levels in the summer than in the spring. The average concentrations of total neonicotinoids (ΣNEOs) and ∑FIPs decreased from rivers (63.64 ng/L, 2.41 ng/L) to inshore (22.62 ng/L, 0.14 ng/L) and offshore (4.48 ng/L, 0.10 ng/L) seawater of Laizhou Bay. The average concentrations of ΣNEOs decreased by 85.3 % from 2018 to 2021. The predominant insecticides in the study area were acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and fipronil sulfone, with a gradual shift toward low-toxicity and environmentally friendly species over time. Influenced by agricultural intensity, ∑NEOs were mostly distributed in the Yellow River, Xiaoqing River, and their estuaries, where they pose chronic ecological risks. However, FIP exhibited high risk in certain rivers and sewage treatment plants owing to the use of animal repellents or landscape gardening insecticides. This study provides evidence of the transfer of NEOs and FIPs from rivers to the ocean and also clarifies their transition dynamics and changes in risk levels from rivers to oceans. Additionally, the study offers data support for identifying critical pesticide control areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping He
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ming Xin
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tongzhu Han
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Chao Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Baodong Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266071, China
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Li J, Zhang L, Li Q, Zhang S, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Fan Z. Hormetic effect of a short-chain PFBS on Microcystis aeruginosa and its molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133596. [PMID: 38325097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), used as substitutes for highly toxic long-chain PFCs, are increasingly entering the aquatic environment. However, the toxicity of short-chain PFCs in the environment is still controversial. This study investigated the effects of short-chain perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) at different concentrations (2.5, 6, 14.4, 36, and 90 mg/L) on M. aeruginosa growth under 12-day exposure and explored the molecular mechanism of toxicity using transcriptomics. The results showed that M. aeruginosa exhibited hormetic effects after exposure to PFBS. Low PFBS concentrations stimulated algal growth, whereas high PFBS concentrations inhibited it, and this inhibitory effect became progressively more pronounced with increasing PFBS exposure concentrations. Transcriptomics showed that PFBS promoted the pathways of photosynthesis, glycolysis, energy metabolism and peptidoglycan synthesis, providing the energy required for cell growth and maintaining cellular morphology. PFBS, on the other hand, caused growth inhibition in algae mainly through oxidative stress, streptomycin synthesis, and genetic damage. Our findings provide new insights into the toxicity and underlying mechanism of short-chain PFCs on algae and inform the understanding of the hormetic effect of short-chain PFCs, which are crucial for assessing their ecological risks in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Li
- Department of Environmental Science &Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science &Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qihui Li
- Department of Environmental Science &Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science &Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- School of Ecological Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhao
- Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science &Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhengqiu Fan
- Department of Environmental Science &Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Yuan W, Song S, Lu Y, Shi Y, Yang S, Wu Q, Wu Y, Jia D, Sun J. Legacy and alternative per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Bohai Bay Rim: Occurrence, partitioning behavior, risk assessment, and emission scenario analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168837. [PMID: 38040376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been practiced because of the restrictions on legacy PFASs. However, knowledge gaps exist on the ecological risks of alternatives and relationships between restrictions and emissions. This study systematically analyzed the occurrence characteristics, water-sediment partitioning behaviors, ecological risks, and emissions of legacy and alternative PFASs in the Bohai Bay Rim (BBR). The mean concentration of total PFASs was 46.105 ng/L in surface water and 6.125 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediments. As an alternative for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) had a concentration second only to PFOA in surface water. In sediments, perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA) and GenX were the two predominant contaminants. In the water-sediment partitioning system, GenX, 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic acid (F-53B), and 11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid (8:2 Cl-PFESA) tended to be enriched towards sediments. The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) models revealed the low ecological risks of PFASs and their alternatives in the BBR. Moreover, predicted no-effected concentrations (PNECs) indicated that short-chain alternatives like PFBA and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) were safer for aquatic ecosystems, while caution should be exercised when using GenX and F-53B. Due to the incremental replacement of PFOA by GenX, cumulative emissions of 1317.96 kg PFOA and 667.22 kg GenX were estimated during 2004-2022, in which PFOA emissions were reduced by 59.2 % due to restrictions implemented since 2016. If more stringent restrictions are implemented from 2023 to 2030, PFOA emissions will further decrease by 85.0 %, but GenX emissions will increase by an additional 21.3 %. Simultaneously, GenX concentrations in surface water are forecasted to surge by 2.02 to 2.45 times in 2023. This study deepens the understanding of PFAS alternatives and assists authorities in developing policies to administer PFAS alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yonglong Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yajuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yanqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dai Jia
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Xu C, Xu C, Zhou Q, Shen C, Peng L, Liu S, Yin S, Li F. Spatial distribution, isomer signature and air-soil exchange of legacy and emerging poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123222. [PMID: 38145639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Widespread occurrences of various poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in terrestrial environment calls for the growing interest in their transport behaviors. However, limited studies detected PFAS with structural diversity in tree barks, which reflect the long-term contamination in atmosphere and play a vital role in air-soil exchange behaviors. In this study, 26 PFAS congeners and typical branched isomers were investigated in surface soils and tree barks at 28 sites along the Taihu Lake, Taipu River, and Huangpu River. Concentrations of total PFAS in soils and tree barks were 0.991-29.4 and 7.99-188 ng/g dw, with PFPeA and PFDoA were the largest contributors in the two matrices. The highest PFAS levels were found in the Taihu Lake watershed, where textile manufacturing and metal plating activities highly prosper. With regard to the congener and isomer signatures, short-chain homologs dominated in soils (65.5%), whereas long-chain PFAS showed a major proportion in barks (41.9%). The composition of linear isomers of PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS implied that precursor degradation might be an important source of PFAS in addition to the 3M electrochemical fluorination (ECF). Additionally, the distance from the emission source, total organic carbon (TOC), logKOA and logKOW were considered potential influencing factors in PFAS distributions. Based on the multi-media fugacity model, about 71% of the fugacity fraction (ffs) values of the PFAS were below 0.3, indicating the dominant deposition from the atmosphere to the soil. The average fluxes of air-soil exchange for PFAS were -0.700 ± 11.0 ng/(m2·h). Notably, the estimated daily exposure to PFAS ranged from 9.57 × 10-2 to 8.59 × 10-1 ng/kg·bw/day for children and 3.31 × 10-2 to 3.09 × 10-1 ng/kg·bw/day for adults, suggesting low risks from outdoor inhalation and dermal uptake. Overall, results from distribution with structural diversity, air-soil exchange and preliminary risk assessment. This study provided in-depth insight of PFAS in multi-medium environment and bridged gaps between field data and policy-making for pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chenman Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Chensi Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Leni Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shuren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Du D, Lu Y, Yang S, Wang R, Wang C, Yu M, Chen C, Zhang M. Biomagnification and health risks of perflfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in seafood from the Yangtze river estuary of China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122930. [PMID: 37972680 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment of Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) is important for pollutant hazard assessment. In this study, 26 aquatic organisms were collected from the Yangtze River estuary, the PFAAs concentrations in organisms were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the trophic levels of organisms were constructed using nitrogen isotope analysis. The results showed that Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) was predominant in organisms with the mean concentration of 6.43 ± 8.21 ng/g ww. The biomagnification of organisms along the food chain was widespread, and the biomagnification factor (BMF) of perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS) was the most prominent. Trophic magnifcation factors (TMFs) of PFAAs were estimated in the marine food web, and TMFs >1 were observed in Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA), and PFOS, indicating the biomagnifcation effects of these 4 individual PFAAs in organisms at Yangtze River estuary. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of PFBS was highest in adolescents aged 6-18 years, with EDIs of 18.9 ng/kg·bw/day for males and 14.0 ng/kg·bw/day for females. The hazard ratio (HR) of PFAAs reported in different age and gender groups were lower than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Du
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Shengjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Mingzhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunci Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Gao Y, Xiao SK, Wu Q, Pan CG. Bisphenol analogues in water and sediment from the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea: Occurrence, partitioning and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159445. [PMID: 36252668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol analogues (BPs) have gained increasing attention in recent years due to their ubiquitousness in the environment, potential endocrine disrupting properties and ecological impacts. However, very little information is available on the occurrence, partitioning and ecological risks of BPs in marine environments. In the present study, six BPs were investigated in surface water and sediment samples from the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. Results showed that bisphenol A (BPA) was the predominant BP in both water and sediment samples with levels ranging from 5.26 to 12.04 ng/L in water and 0.56 to 5.22 ng/g dw in sediment samples, followed by bisphenol AF (BPAF: 0.44-0.60 ng/L in water and 0.08-0.66 ng/g dw in sediment samples, respectively) and bisphenol S (BPS: 0.07-0.63 ng/L in water and not detected (ND) to 0.19 ng/g dw in sediment samples, respectively). There is no significant spatial difference of BPs levels between riverine sediment samples and coastal sediment samples. Compared with other studies, the concentrations of BPs from the Beibu Gulf were relatively low. The mean log-transformed sediment-seawater partitioning coefficients (log Koc) ranged from 4.4 (DHBP) to 5.2 (BPAF) and the log Koc values for all the target BPs were generally higher than those reported in freshwater environments. The present study firstly reported the field-based log Koc values for BPB (mean: 4.5) and DHBP (mean: 4.4). The estimated risk quotient (RQ) and 17β-estradiol (E2) equivalent quotient (EEQ) values indicated that the ecological and human health impacts were negligible associated with target BPs. The present study provided reliable and detailed data for completely evaluating contamination level and environmental behaviors of BPs in the Beibu Gulf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Shao-Ke Xiao
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Qi Wu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Chang-Gui Pan
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
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Cao X, Xin S, Liu X, Wang S. Occurrence and behavior of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and conversion of oxidizable precursors in the waters of coastal tourist resorts in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120460. [PMID: 36273687 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluorolkyl substances (PFAS) were measured in the water and fish from 20 coastal tourist resorts in China, to investigate their sources, seasonal differences, and bioconcentration. An oxidative method with hydroxyl radicals was used to extract potential perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) precursors in the water of resorts. The results indicated that the total concentrations of target chemicals (i.e., ΣPFAS) in the original water were 59.4-138, 32.7-77.2, and 14.6-29.9 ng L-1 in December, April, and August, respectively. C4-C10 perfluorocarboxlate (PFCA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) accounted for 67%-92% of the ΣPFAS contents in all water samples. The PFAS concentrations in the muscles and liver of fish were 16.0-162 ng g-1 ww and 186-1240 ng g-1 ww, respectively. The dominant compounds were perfluorobutanoate acid (PFBA) and PFOS in the water, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and PFOS in fish tissues. High bioconcentration were observed for PFCA (C ≥ 8) and perfluorosulfonate (PFSA, C ≥ 6). After oxidative conversion, the water exhibited a noticeable increase in the ΣPFAS value. Precursors that generated C4-C9 PFCA were more prevalent than precursors that generated other PFCA upon oxidation. The concentration of C8-based precursor was higher than that of C6-based precursor in wet and dry seasons. This study is the first to apply an oxidative method to investigate PFAS pollution in the water of coastal tourist resorts. The results verified that PFAA precursors exist in the water of coastal tourist resorts, and more attention should be given to the existence of PFAA precursors and the safety of water in coastal tourist resorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Cao
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, China; School of History and Culture, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Shuhan Xin
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Shiliang Wang
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China.
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Zhu L, Wang C, Huang L, Ding Y, Cheng Y, Rad S, Xu P, Kang B. Halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) in marine fish from the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea: Levels, distribution, and health risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114374. [PMID: 36410197 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Six marine fish species, collected from the Beibu Gulf were statistically analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs). The concentrations of ∑14PBDEs, ∑26PCBs, and ∑6DDTs ranged from 11.8-1431, 8.74-495, and 9.47-1263 ng g-1 lipid weight (lw), respectively. In general, PBDEs were the predominant halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) in the Beibu Gulf. The homologues profiles of Mugil cephalus and Trichiurus nanhaiensis differed from other four species. For example, the contributions of deca-BDEs in M. cephalus (14 %) and T. nanhaiensis (1 %) were lower than other four species (56 %). The ratio of (DDE + DDD)/ΣDDTs in all samples was >0.5, indicating that DDTs were mainly derived from historical residues. Intakes of HOPs through the consumption of the marine fish from the study areas might not subject residents of the coastal areas in the Beibu Gulf to health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Caiguang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Liangliang Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Yang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Yanan Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Saeed Rad
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi 535011, China
| | - Bin Kang
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
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Liu F, Wei C, Zhang R, Zeng W, Han M, Kang Y, Zhang Z, Wang R, Yu K, Wang Y. Occurrence, distribution, source identification, and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in the coastal waters of Beibu Gulf, South China Sea: Impacts of riverine discharge and fishery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129214. [PMID: 35739736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As emerging pollutants, the environmental geochemistry of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the coastal zone with multiple functional areas are still less recognized. This study investigated spatiotemporal distribution, sources and risks of 11 widely used OPEs in surface waters from seagoing rivers and multiple coastal functional areas of the Beibu Gulf. The results indicated that significantly higher ∑11OPEs (total concentrations of 11 OPEs, ng/L) occurred in summer (34.2-1227) than in winter (20.6-840), as a result of the high emission caused by climate reasons. In general, higher ∑11OPEs occurred in rivers (41.2-1227) than in the coast (34.2-809) in summer, especially in the urban rivers, while in winter, higher ∑11OPEs occurred in the coast (23.4-840 vs 20.6-319 in rivers) because of obviously higher ∑11OPEs in marine fishery areas (99-840). Source identification revealed that fishery activity, especially fishing vessels, and urban rivers were the main sources of OPEs in the Beibu Gulf. For the individual OPE, only tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP) may have ecological risks to aquatic organisms in a few sites, but if considering the additive effects, the OPEs mixtures would pose a high risk to algae and low to medium threats to crustaceans and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chaoshuai Wei
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China.
| | - Weibin Zeng
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Minwei Han
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yaru Kang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zheng'en Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Lin K, Han T, Wang R, Tan L, Yang X, Zhao T, Chen Y, Wan M, Wang J. Spatiotemporal distribution, ecological risk assessment and source analysis of legacy and emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Bohai Bay, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134378. [PMID: 35398068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Bohai Sea is one of the most polluted hotspots by per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the world and studies on the vertical distribution of PFASs at different water layers and phase partitioning between water and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were still limited. 23 legacy and emerging PFASs were investigated in seawater and SPM throughout the Bay in this study. The average concentrations of ∑PFASs in seawater were 48.21 ng/L and 52.71 ng/L during the periods of wet and normal water, respectively. In general, the concentrations of ∑PFASs in surface water were higher than that in deep water. Legacy PFASs in seawater were dominated by PFOA and short-chain PFASs, while the emerging alternative HFPO-DA was detected in the whole water layer of the Bohai Bay with an average concentration of 1.09 ng/L. The spatial distribution showed that ∑PFASs were higher nearshore than inside the bay and higher in the south than that in the north of the bay. The average concentration of ∑PFASs in SPM was 9.02 ng/g. Long-chain PFASs and the emerging alternative 6:2 Cl-PFESA accounted for the major contaminants. The partition coefficients log Kd and φspm-w showed a linear positive correlation with carbon chain length. Preliminary risk assessments revealed that the ecological risk of common PFASs in the Bohai Bay was low, while PFOA was at moderate risk. The principal component analysis demonstrated that the production process of traditional fluorochemical factories, fire-fighting and emerging electroplating industries were the main sources of PFASs. This was the first comprehensive survey of emerging PFASs in different water depths and in SPM of the Bohai Bay during different seasons, which provided important scientific data for studying the ecological risks and pollution prevention of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Tongzhu Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liju Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mengmeng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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11
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Tang J, Zhu Y, Li Y, Xiang B, Tan T, Lv L, Luo Q. Occurrence characteristics and health risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from water in residential areas around fluorine chemical industrial areas, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60733-60743. [PMID: 35426024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, identifying the contamination status and assessing the health risk of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water and groundwater have been of great significance. Eighteen individual PFASs were analyzed in thirty-three surface/groundwater samples during one period in a fluorine chemical park (Park A) and during two periods in Park B. The mean total concentration of 18 PFASs (∑PFASs) in Park A (9104.63 ng·L-1) was significantly higher than that in the wet season (WS) (801.68 ng·L-1) or DS (714.64 ng·L-1) in Park B. The perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) was the predominant substance in the two parks, and the maximum concentration in groundwater exceeded 10,000 ng·L-1. The contamination status in the wet season (WS) was higher than that in the dry season (DS) in Park B. The ∑PFASs in Park A presented an increasing tendency following the groundwater flow direction, whereas this rule was limited to all periods in Park B. Two relative source contributions (RSCs) of 20% or 100% allowed assessing the PFASs risk to different age groups, and the results revealed that some PFASs (4 ≤ C ≤ 7 or 9 ≤ C ≤ 12) were identified as having a low risk quotient (RQ), except for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and PFOA (C = 8). The RQmix value mainly relies on PFOA and PFOS, with a larger contribution rate of 80-90%. All assessed cases (case 1, case 2, case 3, and case 4) in all age groups revealed that infants were vulnerable to PFASs influence, followed by children, teenagers, and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China
| | - Yongle Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China
| | - Biao Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China
| | - Ting Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China
| | - Linyou Lv
- Liaoning Research Institute of Sand Control and Utilization, Fuxin, 123000, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China.
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12
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Xu Z, Ma X, Wei Z, Ren G, Wu Z, Man Q, Zhou B, Liu H, Yuan D. A novel fate and transport model for evaluating the presence and environmental risk of per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) among multi-media in Lingang hybrid constructed wetland, Tianjin, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132724. [PMID: 34718013 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurately revealing and predicting the presence and risks of per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in constructed wetlands (CWs) is great significant for the construction and management of CWs, but very challenging. In this work, a novel fate and transport model was for the first time established to evaluate the spatially continuous distribution and environmental risks of PFASs among multi-media in Lingang hybrid CW fed by industry tailwater. 20 PFASs were detected from the Lingang CW, and the total concentration of the detected PFASs in water and sediments were in the range of 38.94-81.65 ng/L and 1.23-4.31 ng/g, respectively. PFOA, PFOS and PFBS were the main pollutants in water and sediments. A fate and transport model describing the distribution characteristics and fate of PFASs in Lingang hybrid CW was constructed, and its reliability was verified. The simulated results suggested that PFASs were mainly accumulated in sediments and long-chain PFASs were more easily adsorbed by sediments compared with short-chain PFASs. According to the principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), PFASs mainly came from the tailwater from the surrounding sewage treatment plants. Besides, the environmental risks were predicted by this novel model, suggesting that the risks still cannot be neglected due to the accumulation and continuous input of PFASs although the environmental risks of Lingang CW were low. This work provides a novel model for the understanding of presence and risks of PFASs among multi-media in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqi Xu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Zizhang Wei
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Gengbo Ren
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Zhineng Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Quanli Man
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Honglei Liu
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Dekui Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
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13
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Bian Y, He MY, Ling Y, Wang XJ, Zhang F, Feng XS, Zhang Y, Xing SG, Li J, Qiu X, Li YR. Tissue distribution study of perfluorooctanoic acid in exposed zebrafish using MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118505. [PMID: 34785291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as an emerging environmental contaminant, has become ubiquitous in the environment. It is of significance to study bioconcentration and tissue distribution of aquatic organisms for predicting the persistence of PFOA and its adverse effects on the environment and human body. However, the distribution of PFOA in different tissues is a complex physiological process affected by many factors. It is difficult to be accurately described by a simple kinetic model. In present study, a new strategy was introduced to research the PFOA distribution in tissues and estimate the exposure stages. Zebrafish were continuously exposed to 25 mg/L PFOA for 30 days to simulate environmental process. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) method was used to monitor the spatio-temporal distribution of PFOA in zebrafish tissues. By analyzing the law of change obtained from the high spatial resolution MSI data, two different enrichment trends in ten tissues were summarized by performing curve fitting. Analyzing the ratio of two types of curves, a new "exposure curve" was defined to evaluate the exposure stages. With this model, three levels (mild, moderate, and deep pollution stage) of PFOA pollution in zebrafish can be simply evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bian
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Mu-Yi He
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Wang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shi-Ge Xing
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xin Qiu
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu-Rui Li
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
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14
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Yu L, Liu X, Hua Z, Zhang Y, Xue H. Spatial and temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl acids in water bodies: A case study in Taihu Lake, China (2009-2021). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118575. [PMID: 34838873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been ubiquitously detected in water bodies and are a cause of great public concern due to their adverse effects. This study investigated the long-term temporal-spatial trends of PFAAs in the water bodies of the entire Taihu Lake, and predicted PFAA concentrations for 2024. A field investigation conducted in 2021 and previous data allowed to derive trends over a broad temporal-spatial scale, which is often not feasible in short-term studies. In the 2009-2021 period, the most quantifiable PFAAs increased, among which perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorohexanoic acid were predominant. As of 2021, the mean total concentration of ten PFAAs (∑10PFAA) showed a distinct spatial decreasing trend, moving from north to south within the lake, and similar spatial distribution patterns were also noted in other years. The main PFAA input and most serious contamination were concentrated in the northern region, due to the riverine inputs and clustering of PFAA-related industries. The ∑10PFAA concentration in the wet season was greater and presented a more uniform distribution pattern than that in the dry season, possibly due to the combined effects of the degradation of PFAA precursors, water inflow, rainfall, shipping activities, and a shallow water column. From 2009 to 2021 the ∑10PFAA concentration of the entire lake showed an increasing trend, but the rate of increase was significantly reduced. In addition, a grey model predicted that the mean ∑10PFAA concentration in the entire Taihu Lake will reach 431 ng/L in 2024, and the northern region will be affected by a more serious PFAA pollution in the future because it exhibited a high mean ∑10PFAA concentration of 426 ng/L in 2021. These findings provide novel insights into the temporal-spatial distribution of PFAAs in Taihu Lake, and could help regulators to formulate policy decisions in response to PFAA pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Zulin Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Hongqin Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
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15
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Xiao SK, Wu Q, Pan CG, Yin C, Wang YH, Yu KF. Distribution, partitioning behavior and potential source of legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water and sediments from a subtropical Gulf, South China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111485. [PMID: 34139227 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl acids (PFASs) have received global concern over the scientific and public community since this century. However, the information on alternative PFASs pollution in the marine environment, especially in the subtropical marine environment is extremely limited. This study investigated the occurrence, partitioning, potential sources, and ecological risks of PFASs, including perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs), perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), and alternative PFASs, in surface water and sediments from the subtropical Beibu Gulf, South China. Concentrations of total PFASs (∑PFASs) were in the range of 0.98-2.64 ng/L in water and 0.19-0.66 ng/g (dry weight, dw) in sediment, respectively. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the most abundant PFAS in water, while PFASs in sediment were dominated by perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and PFOA. Among investigated environmental parameters (total organic carbon (TOC), grain size, water pH, sediment pH, and salinity), TOC and salinity were the dominant factors influencing the sediment-water distribution coefficient (Kd) of PFOA, perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). Log Kd and log soil organic carbon-water distribution coefficient (Koc) both increase with increasing carbon chain length of PFASs. Significantly positive correlations between PFOS and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) (p < 0.05), PFOA and perfluoro-1-butane-sulfonamide (FBSA) were observed, suggesting that these PFASs might have similar sources and transport routes. Preliminary environmental risk assessment showed that PFOA and PFOS would not pose risks to the marine aquatic environment. This is the first comprehensive survey of legacy and alternative PFASs in a subtropical area of the Beibu Gulf, which provides significant data and scientific basis to better understand the fate of PFASs and pollution control management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ke Xiao
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chang-Gui Pan
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Chao Yin
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ying-Hui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ke-Fu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
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16
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Leng Y, Xiao H, Li Z, Liu Y, Huang K, Wang J. Occurrence and ecotoxicological risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in water of lakes along the middle reach of Yangtze River, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147765. [PMID: 34022575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely distributed in aquatic environment, and the potential ecological risk of PFASs has become a new challenge in recent years. But there were few integrated studies about the distribution, source appointment and risk assessment of PFASs in water of lakes along the middle reach of Yangtze River, China. Hence, this study investigated the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, ecological risks assessment of eleven PFASs from the surface water in this region. The total concentrations of PFASs (∑PFASs) ranged from 12.43 to 77.44 ng L-1 in this region. The ∑PFASs in Hong and Poyang Lakes were higher than those in Dongting Lake and middle reach of Yangtze River (p < 0.05). The compositions of PFASs in the middle reach of Yangtze River and along three lakes were similar, being with a larger proportion of short-chain PFACs. The food packaging and metal plating sources were identified as the main sources by two models. The total risk quotients (∑RQs) showed the ecological risk for algae in the middle reach of Yangtze River, Dongting and Poyang Lakes were negligible, but the low risk in some sites of Hong Lake. The EDIs of ∑PFASs were much lower than the tolerable daily intake recommended by the European Food Safety Authority. The results of this study were significant for developing effective strategies (e.g. short-chain substitution and restriction) of controlling PFASs pollution in the middle reach of Yangtze River and along lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Leng
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Henglin Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zhu Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
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17
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An W, Duan L, Zhang Y, Wang B, Liu CS, Wang F, Sui Q, Xu D, Yu G. Occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution, seasonal and annual variation, and source apportionment of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the northwest of Tai Lake Basin, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125784. [PMID: 33865105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have attracted mounting attention due to their potential harmful effects and degradation-resistant property. This study continuously monitored the concentration of PFASs for four seasons in two years in the northwest of Tai Lake Basin. The occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution, seasonal and annual variation, and source apportionment of 13 PFASs were investigated in 60 surface water sampling sites and 33 emission sources. The average concentrations of the total PFASs were 205.6 ng L-1 and 171.9 ng L-1 in 2018 and 2019, respectively. This improvement could be mainly attributed to the local industrial restructuring. Furthermore, principal component analysis and heat map-hierarchical cluster analysis were employed to analyze distribution characteristics and the possible sources of PFASs pollution. It showed that perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOA) mainly originated from the effluents of chemical plants, while the potential source of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) included all the three types of emission sources. Besides, two indicators were adopted to evaluate the impact of non-point sources and the result showed the effect of runoff was obvious while the effect of atmospheric deposition was weak. A systematic mass balance calculation showed that the total riverine input flux from Wujin District to Tai Lake was 126.5 kg/a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai An
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Lei Duan
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghu, Building 16, 101 Business Park, No, 158 Jinfeng Road, New District, Suzhou 215163, PR China.
| | - Cristina Su Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qian Sui
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dongjiong Xu
- Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Changzhou 213001, PR China
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghu, Building 16, 101 Business Park, No, 158 Jinfeng Road, New District, Suzhou 215163, PR China
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Chen Y, Georgi A, Zhang W, Kopinke FD, Yan J, Saeidi N, Li J, Gu M, Chen M. Mechanistic insights into fast adsorption of perfluoroalkyl substances on carbonate-layered double hydroxides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124815. [PMID: 33370694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxide (LDH) with the metal composition of Cu(II)Mg(II)Fe(III) was prepared as an adsorbent for fast adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). 84% of PFOS and 48% of PFOA in relation to the equilibrium state were adsorbed in the first minutes of contact with 0.1 g/L of suspended µm-sized LDH particles. The adsorption mechanisms of PFOS and PFOA on the CuMgFe-LDH were interpreted. Hydrophobic interactions were primarily responsible for the adsorption of these compounds in accordance with the different adsorption affinities of long-chain (C8, Kd = 105 L/kg) and short-chain (C4, Kd = 102 L/kg) perfluorinated carboxylic acids. PFOA adsorption on CuMgFe-LDH was strongly suppressed under alkaline conditions while PFOS uptake was only slightly affected in the pH range from 4.3 to 10.7, indicating a significant role of electrostatic interactions for PFOA adsorption. The adsorption of PFOS and PFOA was rather insensitive to competition by monovalent anions. The previously reported 'memory effect' of calcined CuMgFe-LDH for sorption of organic anions was not confirmed in the present study. Spent CuMgFe-LDH could be easily regenerated by extraction with 50 vol% methanol in water within 1 h and maintained a high PFOS removal in subsequent usage cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anett Georgi
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Frank-Dieter Kopinke
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jingchun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Navid Saeidi
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mingyue Gu
- Nanjing Kaiye Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing University Science Park, Nanjing 210034, China
| | - Mengfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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19
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Du D, Lu Y, Zhou Y, Li Q, Zhang M, Han G, Cui H, Jeppesen E. Bioaccumulation, trophic transfer and biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the marine food web of the South China Sea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124681. [PMID: 33307411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in food webs is of tremendous importance in contaminant hazards evaluation. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widely distributed, and its emissions to coastal areas have posed a threat to the health of marine organisms and consumers. In this study, 15 species were sampled from Qinzhou Bay of the South China Sea. The concentrations of PFAAs in organisms were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the trophic positions of organisms were constructed based on nitrogen isotope analysis. PFAAs were found in all organisms. The contents of PFOS in all organisms were higher than of PFOA, and the proportions of short-chain PFAAs were higher in the low trophic positioned organisms, while long-chain PFAAs were higher in the high trophic positioned organisms. Moreover, the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) increased with the increasing number of fluorocarbon atoms. The trophic magnification factor (TMF) and the biomagnification factors (BMFs), calculated from the constructed food webs, together suggested potential biomagnification effects of PFOS, while less clear results were found for PFOA. Our results further indicate that previously banned long-chain PFAAs had persistent residuals in this coastal marine ecosystem, and that emerging short-chain PFAAs had high concentrations in some species but showed no biomagnification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yunqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoxiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haotian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey
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20
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Chen R, Zhuang Y, Yu Y, Shi B. Enhanced perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) accumulation by combination with in-situ formed Mn oxides under drinking water conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116660. [PMID: 33279743 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate manganese oxide (MnOx) deposition in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) gives rise to the risk of water discoloration at the consumers' tap; however, its role in the fate and transport of trace organic pollutants in DWDS is not clear. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent organic pollutant frequently detected in natural water, was selected to investigate the potential effect of MnOx on its transportation behavior under DWDS conditions through laboratory batch experiments. The results show that PFOA can be greatly combined with MnOx formed in-situ through a Mn(II) oxidation process by free chlorine. However, the accumulation of PFOA by preformed MnOx was negligible. It was found that 1 mg/L Mn captured over 50% of PFOA with an initial concentration of 50 ng/L during oxidation. The water compositions of actual water could contribute to the effect of PFOA accumulation to a certain extent. Characterization of the solid products revealed that PFOA is homogenously embedded into MnOx. The combination of PFOA with MnOx occurs through a bridging effect of Mn(II) between the surface hydroxyls of MnOx and the -COOH group of PFOA. The resulting MnOx-PFOA particles were more inclined to agglomerate, enabling possibly easy deposition onto the pipe wall than ordinary MnOx particles. This study provides insights into the co-occurrence of metal deposits with PFOA and the potential risks posed by PFOA accumulation to consumers through the water distribution process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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21
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Pan CG, Xiao SK, Yu KF, Wu Q, Wang YH. Legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a subtropical marine food web from the Beibu Gulf, South China: Fate, trophic transfer and health risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123618. [PMID: 32823029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The usage of alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been increasing due to the restriction and elimination of legacy PFASs. However, there is limited knowledge on bioaccumulation and trophic magnification of alternative PFASs, especially in subtropical ecosystems. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive survey to investigate the occurrence, bioaccumulation and trophic magnification of legacy and alternative PFASs in subtropical marine food webs in the Beibu Gulf, South China. Results showed that perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were the predominant PFASs in water phase, while perfluorooctane sufonate (PFOS) contributed most to the sum of target PFASs in sediments and marine organisms. Of the investigated PFASs, PFOS and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids (F-53B) exhibited the highest bioaccumulation factor with values > 5000, qualifying as very bioaccumulative chemicals. There was a significant positive correlation between log BSAF and the carbon chain length of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Trophic magnification (TMF) was observed for PFOS and F-53B, while the remaining PFASs were biodiluted through the present food web. The hazard ratios for PFOS and PFOA in all organisms were far less than unity, suggesting overall low PFAS risks for humans through consumption of marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gui Pan
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China
| | - Shao-Ke Xiao
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ke-Fu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ying-Hui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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22
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Chen Z, Ren G, Ma X, Ding Y, Hui Y, Qin P, Xu Z, Gu X, Yuan F, Liu Y. Perfluoroalkyl substances in the Lingang hybrid constructed wetland, Tianjin, China: occurrence, distribution characteristics, and ecological risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38580-38590. [PMID: 32623677 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence, spatial distribution, sources, and ecological risks of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the surface waters of the Lingang hybrid constructed wetland were systematically investigated. Twenty-three PFASs were analyzed from 7 representative sampling zones. The obtained results indicated that PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFBS, PFOS, and HFPO-DA were frequently detected; and PFBA, PFOA, and PFOS were the dominant PFASs with the relative abundances in ranges of 26.91 to 52.26%, 11.79 to 28.79%, and 0 to 31.98%, respectively. The total concentrations of 8 PFASs (Σ8PFASs) ranged from 25.9 to 56.6 ng/L, and the highest concentration was observed in subsurface flow wetland. Moreover, HFPO-DA with high toxicity was detected in wetlands for the first time. Based on the principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) analysis, three sources and their contributions were fluoropolymer processing aids (67.6%), fluororesin coatings and metal plating (17.9%), and food packaging materials and atmospheric precipitation (14.5%), respectively. According to the risk quotients (RQs), the ecological risk of 8 PFASs was low to the aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Gengbo Ren
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Ye Ding
- Tianjin Environmental Protection Technical Development Center, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yunmin Hui
- Tianjin Environmental Protection Technical Development Center, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Pingping Qin
- Tianjin Environmental Protection Technical Development Center, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Zhuoqi Xu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Xiujun Gu
- Tianjin Lingang Construction Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Tianjin Lingang Construction Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Yanhai Liu
- Tianjin Lingang Construction Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300450, China
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Guo J, Costa OS, Wang Y, Lin W, Wang S, Zhang B, Cui Y, Fu H, Zhang L. Accumulation rates and chronologies from depth profiles of 210Pb ex and 137Cs in sediments of northern Beibu Gulf, South China sea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 213:106136. [PMID: 31983445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Beibu Gulf is a highly dynamic and complex coastal environment that is currently experiencing one of the largest rates of development and urbanization in west China. Little is known about the effects of this increased human activity on coastal sedimentation processes and on the rates of sediment accumulation and the variation of organic materials to the coast. In this study, four sediment cores were collected and applied the 210Pb dating method to reconstruct sedimentation rates and historical changes of materials to the northern Beibu Gulf over the past century. Depth profiles of excess 210Pb (210Pbex) showed highest activity values at the surface (28.4-104.0 Bq kg-1) followed by a linear or exponential decay with depth for all but one study site. 137Cs activity ranged between 0.236 and 2.034 Bq kg-1, and a distinct peak activity - representing the 1963 fallout maximum - was observed at all but one site. Sediment chronologies were determined using the Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model. Calculated accumulation rates in the studied sites were the lowest in the late 1920s and early 1930s (mass accumulation rate (MAR): 0.06 ± 0.01 g cm-2 y-1; sediment accumulation rate (SAR): 0.08 ± 0.01 cm y-1) and increased gradually until reaching maximum values in the 2010s (MAR: 0.22 ± 0.09 g cm-2 y-1; SAR: 0.46 ± 0.32 cm y-1). Current accumulation rates are up to 800% higher than rates observed in the 1920s, with most of the increase happening after 1970, coinciding with the increasing rate of urbanization and development in the region. The highest increase in SAR over the last century (+877%) was observed in Sanniang Bay, with the lowest rate of increase (+283%) observed in Lianzhou Bay. TOC content in these sediments has also increased over the last 100 years. Current values (0.98-1.28%) are about 170% higher than historical concentrations (before 1970). The positive correlations between TOC and population density and GDP growth in major cities surrounding the gulf, provide further indication that human activities have significantly altered the sedimentary environment in recent decades along the northern Beibu Gulf coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University at Mansfield, Mansfield, OH, 44906, USA
| | - Ozeas S Costa
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University at Mansfield, Mansfield, OH, 44906, USA
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Wuhui Lin
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yefeng Cui
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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24
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Pan CG, Wang YH, Yu KF, Zhang W, Zhang J, Guo J. Occurrence and distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances in surface riverine and coastal sediments from the Beibu Gulf, south China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110706. [PMID: 31753558 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
There is limited understanding on the occurrence of PFASs in coastal sediment, especially in less-developed coastal areas. Here, we collected surface sediment samples from the Beibu Gulf to investigate the occurrence, spatial distribution and environmental risks of 18 PFASs. The concentrations of the total PFASs (ΣPFASs) ranged from 56.2 to 586.3 pg/g dry weight (dw), with a mean value of 172.5 pg/g dw. ΣPFASs concentrations were significantly lower in riverine than in coastal sediments. Additionally, there was a decreasing trend in ΣPFASs concentrations from the west (Fangchenggang) to the east (Beihai) of the Beibu Gulf. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were the predominant PFASs, with their concentrations in the range of 4.8-249.0 pg/g dw and not detected (n.d)-224.8 pg/g dw, respectively. On a global scale, PFOS and PFOA concentrations were at low levels in the sediment of the Beibu Gulf, and they posed negligible environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gui Pan
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ying-Hui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Ke-Fu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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25
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Chen R, Li G, Yu Y, Ma X, Zhuang Y, Tao H, Shi B. Occurrence and transport behaviors of perfluoroalkyl acids in drinking water distribution systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134162. [PMID: 31491637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although human exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) through tap water is an ongoing concern, knowledge of the PFAAs occurrence in the tap water and the associated transport behaviors of PFAAs in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) are scarce. This investigation profiled the occurrence of 17 kinds of PFAAs in tap water of some Chinese cities, and the transport behaviors of PFAAs in DWDS were observed in eastern China. Tap water samples both along trunk pipelines and at the distal ends were collected to display the PFAAs occurrence scenarios. Loose deposit solids were also obtained to reveal their possible accumulation effect on PFAAs. The results showed that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) widely existed in tap water samples, and were the predominant PFAAs in eastern China areas. The mean concentration of the 17 PFAAs was 77.49 ng/L (ranging from 9.29 ng/L to 266.68 ng/L). Short-chain PFAAs (mainly PFBA) concentrations were relatively stable from water treatment plant to consumer taps, while long-chain PFAAs (mainly PFOA) exhibited a significant decrease in concentration, which could be attributed to their accumulation by the loose deposits in the DWDSs. It was calculated that PFOA has a higher partition coefficient than PFBA; this means that the former has a stronger potential to be adsorbed by loose deposits. In addition, the accumulation ability of loose deposits might be associated with the composition of Al, Fe and Si in the loose deposits. The positive correlation between the short-chain PFAAs and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) indicated the possible interactions between PFAA and natural organic matter could favor short-chain PFAAs to retain in bulk water. When water quality conditions change or hydraulic disturbance occur, loose deposits may enter tap water bringing accumulated PFAAs with it, which may result in potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Ma
- School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hui Tao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Cao X, Wang C, Lu Y, Zhang M, Khan K, Song S, Wang P, Wang C. Occurrence, sources and health risk of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in soil, water and sediment from a drinking water source area. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:208-217. [PMID: 30826547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) enter into environmental metric via various pathways in the process of manufacturing and consuming the products containing PFASs. Yuqiao reservoir (YQR) is a major drinking water source in Tianjin of China, where little attention was given to PFASs. To explore the occurrence, source and risk of 17 PFASs, multi-media environmental including soil, water, and sediment were sampled from this water source area. The ∑PFASs concentrations of surface water, groundwater, soil and sediment ranged from 5.839 to 120.885 ng/L, 1.426 to 17.138 ng/L, 0.622 to 5.089 μg/kg dw, and 0.240 to 1.210 μg/kg dw respectively. Some short-chained (C4-C8) PFASs were detected widely such as PFOA, PFBA, PFHxA, PFBS, PFHpA and PFPeA in surface water and groundwater, with the detection frequency of >78%, and PFBA and PFOA dominated in the 17 PFASs. In addition, the correlations between total PFASs and TOC were significant at 0.05 level, especially in surface water with R2 = 0.9165 (p = 0.011). In terms of vertical distribution characteristics of ∑PFASs, the ∑PFASs in four sediment cores showed a decreasing trend at first, and then an increasing trend from the bottom to the top associated with TOC. PFBA/PFOA and PFHpA/PFOA showed better linear correlations with R2 of 0.5541 (p = 0.039), and for PFNA/PFOA and PFHpA/PFOA with R2 of 0.6312 (p = 0.032) at the 0.05 level in the surface water, which indicated that sewage and atmospheric precipitation were the major sources. Though the RQ results based on the measured concentrations and reference values in environmental media revealed lower risks, the potential hazard may occur due to accumulation characteristics and long-distance transmission capability of PFASs. Hence, the corresponding management strategies should be taken, such as control over emission at source, product substitution and strengthening legislation, to eliminate potential risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kifayatullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat 19130, Pakistan
| | - Shuai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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