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Thiagarajan V, Nah T, Xin X. Impacts of atmospheric particulate matter deposition on phytoplankton: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175280. [PMID: 39122032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In many rapidly urbanizing and industrializing countries, atmospheric pollution causes severe environmental problems and compromises the health of humans and ecosystems. Atmospheric emissions, which encompass gases and particulate matter, can be transported back to the earth's surface through atmospheric deposition. Atmospheric deposition supplies chemical species that can serve as nutrients and/or toxins to aquatic ecosystems, resulting in wide-ranging responses of aquatic organisms. Among the aquatic organisms, phytoplankton is the basis of the aquatic food web and is a key player in global primary production. Atmospheric deposition alters nutrient availability and thus influences phytoplankton species abundance and composition. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological responses of phytoplankton resulting from the atmospheric deposition of trace metals, nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds in particulate matter into aquatic ecosystems. Knowledge gaps and critical areas for future studies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Thiagarajan
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Theodora Nah
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Xiaying Xin
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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2
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Rucker HR, Kaçar B. Enigmatic evolution of microbial nitrogen fixation: insights from Earth's past. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:554-564. [PMID: 37061455 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of nitrogen fixation undoubtedly altered nearly all corners of the biosphere, given the essential role of nitrogen in the synthesis of biomass. To date, there is no unified view on what planetary conditions gave rise to nitrogen fixation or how these conditions have sustained it evolutionarily. Intriguingly, the concentrations of metals that nitrogenases require to function have changed throughout Earth's history. In this review, we describe the interconnection of the metal and nitrogen cycles with nitrogenase evolution and the importance of ancient ecology in the formation of the modern nitrogen cycle. We argue that exploration of the nitrogen cycle's deep past will provide insights into humanity's immediate environmental challenges centered on nitrogen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Rucker
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Betül Kaçar
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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3
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Liu F, Zhang H, Wang Y, Yu J, He Y, Wang D. Hysteresis analysis reveals how phytoplankton assemblage shifts with the nutrient dynamics during and between precipitation patterns. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121099. [PMID: 38184914 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The escalation of global eutrophication has significantly increased due to the impact of climate change, particularly the increased frequency of extreme rainfall events. Predicting and managing eutrophication requires understanding the consequences of precipitation events on algal dynamics. Here, we assessed the influence of precipitation events throughout the year on nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in a drinking water reservoir from January 2020 to January 2022. Four distinct precipitation patterns, namely early spring flood rain (THX), Plum rain (MY), Typhoon rain (TF), and Dry season (DS), were identified based on rainfall intensity, duration time, and cumulative rainfall. The study findings indicate that rainfall is the primary driver of algal dynamics by altering nutrient levels and TN:TP ratios during wet seasons, while water temperature becomes more critical during the Dry season. Combining precipitation characteristics with the lag periods between algal proliferation and rainfall occurrence is essential for accurately assessing the impact of rainfall on algal blooms. The highest algae proliferation occurred approximately 20 and 30 days after the peak rainfall during the MY and DS periods, respectively. This was influenced by the intensity and cumulative precipitation. The reservoir exhibited two distinct TN/TP ratio stages, with average values of 52 and 19, respectively. These stages were determined by various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in rainfall-driven inflows and were associated with shifts from Bacillariophyta-dominated to Cyanophyta-dominated blooms during the MY and DS seasons. Our findings underscore the interconnected effects of nutrients, temperature, and hydrological conditions driven by diverse rainfall patterns in shaping algal dynamics. This study provides valuable insights into forecasting algal bloom risks in the context of climate change and developing sustainable strategies for lake or reservoir restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environment, China University of Geoscience (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Yangtze River Delta Branch, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yiwu 322000, China.
| | - Yabo Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Kashi University, Kashi 844008, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yi He
- Yangtze River Delta Branch, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Madhusoodhanan R, Al-Said T, Sarkar A, Fernandes L, Ahmed A, Yamamoto T, Thuslim F, Al-Dousari A, Al-Zekri W, Al-Enezi M, Al-Ghunaim A. Aeolian dust and hydro-biological characteristics: Decoding dust storm impacts on phytoplankton in the northern Arabian Gulf. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168583. [PMID: 37981157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Aeolian dust is an essential source of growth-limiting nutrients for marine phytoplankton. Despite being at the core of the Global Dust Belt, the response of the Arabian Gulf ecosystem to such atmospheric forcing is rarely documented. Here, the hydro-biological effect of mineral dust was studied in the northern Arabian Gulf (NAG) off Kuwait through monthly water sampling (December 2020 to December 2021), dust-storm follow-up sampling, and mineral dust and nutrient addition in-situ experiments. The multivariate analysis of oceanographic data revealed pronounced hydro-biological seasonality. The mineral dust deposition during two severe dust storm events in March and June 2021 showed a spatially varying effect of dust on coastal waters. The dust storms elevated the surface dissolved iron levels by several magnitudes, increased the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorous levels, changed their stoichiometry, and offset the hydrobiological seasonality. In the microcosms, dust input temporarily reduced phytoplankton phosphorous limitation in a dose-dependent manner when mesozooplankton (copepods) grazing was minimal. The microphytoplankton response to mineral dust inputs was comparable to that with nitrogen and phosphorous treatment. While Both treatments increased diatom size structure and biomass, the abundance of single-celled diatoms was comparatively higher in dust treatment. Multivariate analysis indicated that dust deposition alters the hydrographical properties of the surface ocean during dust storm events. The effects, though transient, were traceable for 3-16 days post-storm in coastal waters. The response of the summer phytoplankton to these changes, if delayed or muted, should be interpreted with caution given the summer water column stratification, the high nitrogen: phosphorous ratio and the low phosphorous solubility of aerosol dust, and the complex pelagic microbial food web interactions in the NAG. This study thus underlines the importance of a multivariate approach in documenting the ecological implications of Aeolian dust storms on marine environments closer to the dust source regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhesh Madhusoodhanan
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait.
| | - Turki Al-Said
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Amit Sarkar
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Loreta Fernandes
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Fathima Thuslim
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Ali Al-Dousari
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Waleed Al-Zekri
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Mariam Al-Enezi
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Aws Al-Ghunaim
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
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5
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Wu YC, Gao XX, Zhang HH, Liu YZ, Wang J, Xu F, Zhang GL, Chen ZH. Characteristics and emissions of isoprene and other non-methane hydrocarbons in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and responses to atmospheric aerosol deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162808. [PMID: 36921853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Field investigations in the Northwest Pacific Ocean were carried out to determine the distributions of marine and atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), sources and environmental effects. We also conducted deck incubation experiments to investigate the effects of atmospheric aerosol deposition on NMHCs production. The marine NMHCs displayed an increasing trend from the South Equatorial Current to the Oyashio Current. The enhanced phytoplankton biomass and dissolved organic materials (DOM) content in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension contributed significantly to isoprene and NMHCs production compared with those in tropical waters and the North Pacific subtropical gyre. The Northwest Pacific Ocean was a significant source of atmospheric NMHCs, with average sea-to-air fluxes of 28.0 ± 38.9, 65.2 ± 73.3, 21.0 ± 26.7, 48.7 ± 62.6, 12.7 ± 15.9, 14.2 ± 16.8, and 41.7 ± 80.4 nmol m-2 d-1 for ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, i-butane, n-butane, and isoprene, respectively. Influenced by seawater release and OH radical consumption, the atmospheric NMHCs apart from isoprene displayed upward trends with increasing latitude. The deck incubation showed that the addition of aerosols and acidic aerosols significantly boosted phytoplankton biomass, altered community structure, and accelerated the production of isoprene. However, the other six NMHCs showed no obvious responses to atmospheric aerosol deposition in the incubation experiments. In summary, ocean current movements and atmospheric deposition could influence the production and release of isoprene in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cui Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xu-Xu Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yong-Zheng Liu
- Physical Oceanography Laboratory/Institute for advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Gui-Ling Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Chen
- Physical Oceanography Laboratory/Institute for advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Cui X, Peng L, Guo Y, Zhang G, Liu H, Wen Y, Zhang G, Sun J. Distribution, source identification and ecological effects of aerosol dissolved nutrients in the Bohai Bay. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121069. [PMID: 36639046 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric aerosols around the Bohai Bay are affected intensively by the surrounding industrial, shipping and other human activities. Although atmospheric dry deposition is an important way for nutrients to enter the Bohai Bay, few studies explore the distribution patterns, source and deposition fluxes of typical nutrients in aerosols and their impacts on the marine ecosystem. This paper explored the spatial-temporal distribution of typical aerosol nutrients in summer and autumn, and their source and ecological effects were illustrated further. The mean concentration of dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), ammonium (NH4-N), nitrate (NO3-N), nitrite (NO2-N), silicate (SiO3-Si), phosphate (PO4-P), and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) were 31.22, 847.22, 288.19, 559.77, 288.19, 304.00, 253.65, 2.12, 15.74 and 15.48 nmol/m3, respectively, while their fluxes were corresponding to 0.61, 8.36, 2.52, 4.90, 1.41, 2.49, 0.02, 0.04, 0.19 and 0.26 mmol/(m2 month). Typical aerosol nutrient concentrations in autumn were mostly higher than those in summer, with high values occurring mainly in the central region. The potential sources of pollution were mainly concentrated in Shandong and Mongolia, and the sources of pollution were mainly agriculture, dust and industry. The large N:P and N:Si ratios in the dry deposition likely exacerbated Si and P limitation in the water column. These results provided the data basis for evaluating the pollution status and revealed that the dry deposition of aerosol nutrients should not be neglected by the ecological environment in the Bohai Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Cui
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Liying Peng
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Guicheng Zhang
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Haijiao Liu
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yujian Wen
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Institute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, 511462, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, China.
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7
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Zhang T, Zheng M, Sun X, Chen H, Wang Y, Fan X, Pan Y, Quan J, Liu J, Wang Y, Lyu D, Chen S, Zhu T, Chai F. Environmental impacts of three Asian dust events in the northern China and the northwestern Pacific in spring 2021. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160230. [PMID: 36395839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In March 2021, China experienced three dust events (Dust-1, 2, 3), especially the first of which was reported as the strongest one in recent ten years. Their environmental impacts have received great attention, demanding comprehensive study to assess such impacts quantitatively. Multiple advanced measurement methods, including satellite, ground-based lidar, online aerosol speciation instrument, and biogeochemical Argo float, were applied to examine and compare the transport paths, optical and chemical properties, and impacts of these three dust events on urban air quality and marine ecosystem. The results showed that Dust-1 exhibited the largest impacts on urban area, increasing PM10 concentration in Beijing, Shuozhou, and Shijiazhuang up to 7525, 3819, and 2992 μg m-3, respectively. However, due to fast movement of the Mongolian low-pressure cyclone, the duration of northwest wind over the land was quite short (e.g., only 10 h in Beijing), which prevented the transport of dust plume to the northwestern Pacific, resulting in limited impact on the ocean. Dust-2 and Dust-3, though weaker in intensity, were transported directly to the sea, and led to a substantial increase in chlorophyll-a concentration (up to near 3 times) in the northwestern Pacific, comparing to climatological value. This indicates that the impacts of dust events on ocean was not necessarily and positively correlated to their impacts on land. Based on the analyses of land-ocean-space integrated observational data and synoptic systems, this study examined how marine ecosystem responded to three significant Asian dust events in spring 2021 and quantitatively assessed the overall impacts of mega dust storms both on land and ocean, which could also provide an interdisciplinary research methodology for future research on strong aerosol emission events such as wildfire and volcanic eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Xuehua Fan
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yubing Pan
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, Chinese Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jiannong Quan
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, Chinese Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Daren Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuangling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fei Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
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Wang J, Zhang J, Liu X, Liu B, Yao X, Gao H. Atmospheric input of silicon to the China adjacent seas: Non-negligible contributions from anthropogenic sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159540. [PMID: 36270349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition is an important source of exogenous Si in the oceans. As a typical crustal element, Si in the atmosphere emitted from anthropogenic sources is ignored. In this study, the atmospheric dry deposition of anthropogenic Si to China adjacent seas was calculated using WRF-CMAQ in January and July 2019 to investigate the contribution of anthropogenic Si to the oceans. Si emitted from 13 anthropogenic sources in China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, and marine ships was considered. Emissions of anthropogenic Si in January and July 2019 were 30.2 and 22.0 Gg, respectively. The highest Si emissions were concentrated over eastern China, e.g. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Shandong province, Yangtze river delta area (0.2-21.3 ng m-2 s-1), while the lowest emissions were in northwestern China (< 5.2 ng m-2 s-1). Among the Bohai (BS), Yellow (YS), and East China seas (ECS), dry deposition fluxes over the southern YS were highest (4.6-16.8 μg m-2 d-1), and those over the ECS were lowest (0.2-7.7 μg m-2 d-1). During pollution episodes, the outflow of polluted air masses from the continent caused a 10-fold increase in Si deposition compared with clear days. The relative contribution of continental anthropogenic emissions and ship combustion varied significantly in two seasons. In winter, deposition from continental anthropogenic emissions to total anthropogenic Si deposition was higher than 96 %. While in summer, the contributions from ship combustion increased obviously, accounting for 10-38 %. Deposition flux of dissolved Si from anthropogenic sources over China adjacent seas was about 4-38 % of that of dissolved mineral dust Si. The annual Si depositions from atmospheric anthropogenic sources to the Si fluxes from rivers to the China adjacent seas were 0.03 %-2.8 %. The marine primary productivity in the BS, YS, and ECS caused by atmospheric anthropogenic dissolved Si deposition were 1.3, 1.2, and 0.7 mg C m-2 a-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Baoshuang Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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9
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Zou Y, He Z, Liu C, Yang GP. Spatiotemporal distribution and environmental control factors of halocarbons in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent marine area during autumn and spring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119244. [PMID: 35378200 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The oceanic production and release of volatile halocarbons (VHCs) to the atmosphere play a vital role in regulating the global climate. In this study, seasonal and spatial variations in VHCs, including trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), methyl iodide (CH3I), dibromomethane (CH2Br2), and bromoform (CHBr3), and environmental parameters affecting their concentrations were characterized in the atmosphere and seawater of the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent marine area during two cruises from October 17 to October 26, 2019 and from May 12 to May 25, 2020. Significant seasonal variations were observed in the atmosphere and seawater because of seasonal differences in the prevalent monsoon, water mass (Yangtze River Diluted Water), and biogenic production. VHCs concentrations were positively correlated with Chl-a concentrations in the surface water during autumn. The average sea-to-air fluxes of CH3I, CH2Br2, and CHBr3 in autumn were 19.7, 4.0, and 7.6 nmol m-2 d-1, respectively, while those in spring were 6.3, 6.4, and -3.6 nmol m-2 d-1. In the ship-based incubation experiments, ocean acidification and dust deposition had no significant effects on VHCs concentrations. The concentrations of CH2Br2 and CHBr3 were significantly positively correlated with phytoplankton biomass under lower pH condition (M3: pH 7.9). This result indicated that CH2Br2 and CHBr3 concentrations were mainly related to the biological release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zou
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, And Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zhen He
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, And Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, And Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, And Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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10
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Wang Q, Zhang C, Jin H, Chen Y, Yao X, Gao H. Effect of Anthropogenic Aerosol Addition on Phytoplankton Growth in Coastal Waters: Role of Enhanced Phosphorus Bioavailability. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:915255. [PMID: 35783404 PMCID: PMC9247544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.915255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition can supply nutrients to induce varying responses of phytoplankton of different sizes in the upper ocean. Here, we collected surface and subsurface chlorophyll a maximum (SCM) seawaters from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea to conduct a series of onboard incubation experiments, aiming to explore the impact of anthropogenic aerosol (AR, sampled in Qingdao, a coastal city in Northern China) addition on phytoplankton growth using schemes with (unfiltered seawater, UFS) and without (filtered seawater, FS) microsized (20-200 μm) cells. We found that AR addition stimulated phytoplankton growth obviously, as indicated by chlorophyll a (Chl a) in surface incubations, and had stimulatory or no effects in SCM incubations, which was related to nutrient statuses in seawater. The high ratio of nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) in the AR treatments demonstrated that P became the primary limiting nutrient. The alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), which can reflect the rate at which dissolved organic P (DOP) is converted into dissolved inorganic P, was 1.3-75.5 times higher in the AR treatments than in the control, suggesting that AR addition increased P bioavailability in the incubated seawater. Dinoflagellates with the capacity to utilize DOP showed the dominant growth in the AR treatments, corresponding to the shift in phytoplankton size structure toward larger cells. Surprisingly, we found that nanosized (2-20 μm) and picosized (0.2-2 μm) Chl a concentrations in UFS were generally higher than those in FS. The APA in UFS was at least 1.6 times higher than in FS and was proportional to the contribution of microsized cells to the total Chl a, suggesting that microsized cells play an important role in the increase in APA, which contributes to the growth of nanosized and picosized phytoplankton. Current work provides new insight into the increase of P bioavailability induced by atmospheric deposition and resultant ecological effect in coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Aerosol Nutrients and Their Biological Influence on the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) and Its Marginal Seas. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060842. [PMID: 35741363 PMCID: PMC9219953 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary With intensifying human activities in the past decades, East Asia has recorded increasingly severe air pollution and become the second largest aerosol source on earth. The large quantity of aerosol emissions is not only a major health threat to humans, but can also be transported for a long distance and deposited in downwind seas and oceans. The aerosol contains major ions, heavy metals, and organic matters that are important external nutrients in upper oceans and potentially influence marine microbes and biogeochemical cycles. Therefore, the role of atmospheric deposition to oceans has received growing attention in recent years. In this paper, the current state of knowledge on the atmospheric nutrients and the biological effect of East Asian aerosol deposition on the northwest Pacific Ocean are reviewed, which could help us better understand the comprehensive influence of East Asian aerosols on marine ecosystems, and give insights into future research directions, especially under the future scenarios of changing human activities and climate. Abstract Atmospheric deposition is recognized as a significant source of nutrients in the surface ocean. The East Asia region is among the largest sources of aerosol emissions in the world, due to its large industrial, agricultural, and energy production. Thus, East Asian aerosols contain a large proportion of anthropogenic particles that are characterized by small size, complex composition, and high nutrient dissolution, resulting in important influences on marine microbes and biogeochemical cycles in the downwind areas of the northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO). By using remote sensing, modeling, and incubation experimental methods, enhanced primary production due to the East Asian aerosol input has been observed in the NWPO, with subsequent promotion and inhibition impacts on different phytoplankton taxa. Changes of bacterial activity and diversity also occur in response to aerosol input. The impact of East Asian aerosol loadings is closely related to the amount and composition of the aerosol deposition as well as the hydrological condition of the receiving seawater. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the atmospheric nutrients and the effects of the East Asian aerosols on microbes in the NWPO region. Future research perspectives are also proposed.
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Daily Samples Revealing Shift in Phytoplankton Community and Its Environmental Drivers during Summer in Qinhuangdao Coastal Area, China. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization and economic development in coastal regions have significantly increased coastal nutrient pollution and remarkably changed the phytoplankton community and developed some species into bloom, resulting in large economic losses and serious threats to public health. Therefore, it is indispensable to reveal the shift in the phytoplankton community and phytoplankton abundance, and phytoplankton’s environmental drivers. However, previous studies could not present the details of the environmental drivers of phytoplankton due to samples being collected with low temporal resolution. Here, high-temporal-resolution (daily) samples were collected to investigate the influence of environmental factors on phytoplankton in Qinhuangdao for 44 days. Phytoplankton communities showed a rapid succession, with predominant genera changing in the order Skeletonema–Chaetoceros–Skeletonema–Thalassiosira. Similarly, Thalassiosira pacifica, Skeletonema costatum, Chaetoceros tortissimus, and Chattonella marina were identified as the dominant species and were abundant in 0–1.27 × 107 cells·L−1, 0–9.34 × 106 cells·L−1, 0–6.49 × 106 cells·L−1, and 0–3.64 × 106 cells·L−1, respectively. Moreover, inflows facilitate the rapid succession of the phytoplankton community. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was found to remarkably influence the succession of phytoplankton communities and the bloom of the top three dominant species, i.e., Thalassiosira pacifica, Skeletonema costatum, and Chaetoceros tortissimus. Overall, our results provide high-temporal-resolution observations of phytoplankton community succession and reveal its environmental drivers. This contributes to our current understanding of the occurrence of algae blooms and supports the development of management strategies to control algae bloom in coastal waters.
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Meng X, Yao F, Zhang J, Liu Q, Liu Q, Shi L, Zhang D. Impact of dust deposition on phytoplankton biomass in the Northwestern Pacific: A long-term study from 1998 to 2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152536. [PMID: 34954163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dust deposition can supply nutrients to the ocean and affect phytoplankton growth. However, the impact of dust deposition on phytoplankton biomass in varying trophic regions remains poorly evaluated. The Northwestern Pacific is located in the downwind area of East Asian dust and includes eutrophic regions (Yellow Sea, YS; East China Sea, ECS), high-nutrient low-chlorophyll waters (subarctic Northwestern Pacific, SNWP) and low-nutrient low-chlorophyll waters (Northwestern Pacific subtropical gyre, NWPSG), which is an ideal region to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the dust fertilization effect. Here, the distribution and variation of dust deposition, high dust deposition events (HDDE) and Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a, mg m-3) in the Northwestern Pacific during spring from 1998 to 2020 were investigated. The differences in the response of phytoplankton biomass (using Chl-a as a proxy) to HDDE in the YS, the ECS, the SNWP and the NWPSG were explored. Our results indicated that a large amount of dust was deposited into the Northwest Pacific during spring, resulting in numerous HDDE. The HDDE could stimulate the increase of phytoplankton biomass in the whole area of the Northwestern Pacific during spring. The response probabilities of Chl-a to HDDE were most significant (~80%) in the SNWP and the duration of response was the longest, even lasting for up to 40 days. While the response probabilities of Chl-a to HDDE were lowest in the YS and ECS (~65%), increasing from north to south, and most of the responses were less than 20 days. The response of Chl-a to HDDE was also detected in NWPSG, confirming the dust fertilization effect in oligotrophic waters, with response probabilities of 70% and duration less than 30 days. Overall, this study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the differences of phytoplankton response to dust deposition in varying trophic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglei Meng
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Yao
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; The Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Liu
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lamei Shi
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Da Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Zhang C, Chu Q, Yingchun M, Yao X, Gao H. Weakened fertilization impact of anthropogenic aerosols on marine phytoplankton-A comparative analysis of dust and haze particles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113162. [PMID: 34995910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although increases in air pollutants are changing chemical compositions of atmosphere, the resultant impacts on marine biogeochemistry remains elusive. We performed a collective analysis of 12 microcosm experimental data concerning treatments of dust particles (DPs, typically mineral aerosols), haze particles (HPs, typically anthropogenic aerosols), and various nutrients in varying trophic seawaters of the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The addition of DPs and HPs generally stimulated phytoplankton growth, as indicated by total chlorophyll a (Chl a), and shifted the phytoplankton size structure towards larger cells (> 2 µm in cell size), as indicated by size-fractionated Chl a. We further found that DP/HP-derived Chl a increase relative to the control (RCChl a) was proportional to the proportion of nitrogen (N) supplied by DPs/HPs relative to the baseline N concentration in seawater (PSN) and was higher than that in the N alone treatment when the PSN exceeded ~480%. The enhanced utilization of dissolved organic P potentially contributed to the stimulation of DPs/HPs. The slope of fitted line based on RCChl a and PSN in the DP treatments (0.14) was higher than that in the HP treatments (0.11). When the particle loading was extremely high (2 mg L-1), the addition of HPs exhibited an obvious inhibition impact on phytoplankton and was adverse to the shift of the size structure towards larger cells. These results suggest that the impact of HPs on phytoplankton is a composite result of stimulation by nutrients and inhibition by toxic matter, which may affect carbon sequestration efficiency in the ocean by regulating phytoplankton biomass and size structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Chu
- Laboratory of Environmental Protection in Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Transport, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Mu Yingchun
- Estuarine and Coastal Environment Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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15
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Duan X, Guo C, Zhang C, Li H, Zhou Y, Gao H, Xia X, He H, McMinn A, Wang M. Effect of East Asian atmospheric particulate matter deposition on bacterial activity and community structure in the oligotrophic Northwest Pacific. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117088. [PMID: 33857882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of anthropogenic East Asian (EA) particulate matters (PM), containing inorganic nutrients and organic matter, are deposited in the oligotrophic Northwest Pacific Ocean. However, the effects of such deposition on marine microbes remain unclear. In this study, the effect of EA PM deposition on marine bacteria was assessed by five on-board microcosm experiments, conducted in oligotrophic basins of the South China Sea. The addition of EA PM to the sampling water induced a clear shift in bacterial community composition from prevailing oligotrophs (i.e., SAR 11 clade, Prochlorococcus, AEGEAN-169 marine group) to less common copiotrophs (i.e., Alteromonas, Ruegeria, Flavobacteriaceae) and thus a slight increase in bacterial diversity. The shift to more active community composition, as well as stimulation of PM nutrients, resulted in a large increase in cell-specific and bulk bacterial production. In contrast, there were only minor changes in bacterial abundance, possibly due to increased top-down mortality. The EA PM also exhibited a stronge toxic effect on pico-cyanobacteria, leading to a significant decrease in their proportion. Moreover, the responses of bacterial metabolism and community composition exhibited significant relationships with the hydrographic condition of the locations. Stronger promotion effects of the EA PM on bacterial production and community shift from oligotrophs to copiotrophs was demonstrated at the more oligotrophic sites with lower chlorophyll a concentrations. These results suggest that PM deposition from polluted areas has the potential to alter the typical oligotrophic microbiomes and change the net metabolic balance of the bacterial community. These will then influence the dynamics of carbon flow in microbial food webs and biogeochemical cycles, especially with the trend of global warming and expansion of low-chlorophyll regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Duan
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Cui Guo
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Hui He
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Andrew McMinn
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Min Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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16
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Zhang C, Shi Z, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Mu Y, Yao X, Feng L, Zhang F, Chen Y, Liu X, Shi J, Gao H. Impact of air emissions from shipping on marine phytoplankton growth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:145488. [PMID: 33736263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid expansion of maritime traffic, increases in air emissions from shipping have exacerbated numerous environmental issues, including air pollution and climate change. However, the effects of such emissions on marine biogeochemistry remain poorly understood. Here, we collected ship-emitted particles (SEPs) from the stack of a heavy-oil-powered vessel using an onboard emission test system and investigated the impact of SEPs on phytoplankton growth over the northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO). In SEP microcosm experiments conducted in oceanic zones with different trophic statuses, the phytoplankton response, as indicated by chlorophyll a (Chl a), has been shown to increase with the proportion of SEP-derived nitrogen (N) relative to N stocks (PSN) in baseline seawater, suggesting that SEPs generally promote phytoplankton growth via N fertilisation. Simulations using an air quality model combined with a ship emission inventory further showed that oxidised N (NOx) emissions from shipping contributed ~43% of the atmospheric N deposition flux in the NWPO. Air emissions from shipping (e.g. NOx and sulphur dioxide) also indirectly enhanced the deposition of reduced N that existed in the atmosphere, constituting ~15% of the atmospheric N deposition flux. These results suggest that the impact of airborne ship emissions on atmospheric N deposition is comparable to that of land-based emissions in the NWPO. Based on the ship-induced PSN in surface seawater calculated by modeling results and World Ocean Atlas 2013 nutrient dataset, and the well-established quantitative relationship between Chl a and PSN obtained from microcosm experiments, we found a noticeable change in surface Chl a concentrations due to N deposition derived from marine traffic in the NWPO, particularly in the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea and open oceans. This work attempts to establish a direct link between marine productivity and air emissions from shipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zongbo Shi
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Junri Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yingchun Mu
- Estuarine and Coastal Environment Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Limin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinhui Shi
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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17
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Variability in the Sea Surface Temperature Gradient and Its Impacts on Chlorophyll-a Concentration in the Kuroshio Extension. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13050888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen years of satellite observational data in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean are used to describe the variability in the sea surface temperature (SST) gradient and its impact on chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a). Spatially, a meridional dependence is identified in which the SST gradient increases to the north in association with elevated Chl-a. Temporally, the seasonal variability shows a large SST gradient and high Chl-a in winter and spring, while the SST gradient and Chl-a are much lower in summer. The seasonal variability in Chl-a leads the variability in the SST gradient by one month. A significant correlation between the SST gradient and Chl-a in the anomalous field is obtained only in the western section of the Kuroshio extension (KE) and the highest correlation is identified without any lags. An index for the section is defined as the proportion of the number of times that the SST gradient magnitude is anomalously large in each year, and the index is highly related to the stability of the KE and has a prominent influence on Chl-a in the region. An anomalously large positive (negative) SST gradient magnitude occurs when the KE is unstable (stable) and the corresponding Chl-a is high (low).
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18
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Zhang C, He J, Yao X, Mu Y, Guo X, Ding X, Yu Y, Shi J, Gao H. Dynamics of phytoplankton and nutrient uptake following dust additions in the northwest Pacific. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139999. [PMID: 32535470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dust deposition can supply nutrients that affect marine phytoplankton, but changing trophic statuses of the surface ocean increase the complexity of interpreting the process. In this study, four onboard incubation experiments amended with various nutrients and dust were performed in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) and Kuroshio-Oyashio transition (TR) of the northwest Pacific (NWP), which are characterised by lower and higher trophic statuses, respectively. According to the nutrient-addition experiments, phytoplankton were limited by nitrogen (N) in the KE, and limited by iron (Fe) or co-limited by Fe and phosphorus (P) in the TR. Dust additions supplied a considerable amount of N and Fe but negligible amount of P to stimulate phytoplankton growth, as indicated by chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration. In the KE incubations, dust additions enhanced the shift of phytoplankton size structure towards larger cells from dominantly pico-sized (0.2-2 μm) Chl a to comparable contributions from each size class (i.e. pico-, nano-: 2-20 μm, micro-: >20 μm). On the basis of the large shift of size structure towards nano- or micro-phytoplankton in the unamended control treatments in the TR, dust additions furtherly promoted the shift towards micro-phytoplankton becoming the dominant contributor to the total Chl a. The collective analysis of the data from experiments in both regions revealed that, the extent of phytoplankton growth stimulation and the shift towards larger cells were enhanced gradually with increasing amounts of nutrient uptake (including N, P, and silicon). The nutrient uptake ratios of phytoplankton converged towards the Redfield ratio in comparison to the wider range of nutrient ratios in the dust-amended seawater. This study suggested consistencies in the dynamic of phytoplankton growth, shift of size structure, and nutrient uptake following dust additions in the KE and TR, although the trophic status and limiting nutrient varied between these two regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingyi He
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection in Water Transport Engineering Ministry of Communications, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T., Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yingchun Mu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Estuarine and Coastal Environment Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Xiaokun Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jinhui Shi
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Marella TK, López-Pacheco IY, Parra-Saldívar R, Dixit S, Tiwari A. Wealth from waste: Diatoms as tools for phycoremediation of wastewater and for obtaining value from the biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:137960. [PMID: 32408422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are a type of microalgae with diverse capabilities which make them useful for multiple applications. The abundance of diatoms in water bodies facilitates the removal of pollutants from wastewater originating from different industries, such as agriculture and other anthropogenic sources. The unique photosynthetic, cellular and metabolic characteristics of diatoms allows them to utilize pollutants like nitrate, iron, phosphate, molybdenum, silica, and heavy metals, such as copper, cadmium, chromium, lead, etc., which make diatoms a good option for wastewater treatment. In addition, the biomass produced by diatoms growth on wastewaters has diverse applications and can, therefore, be valuable. This review focusses on the unique capabilities of diatoms for wastewater remediation and the capture of carbon dioxide, concomitant with the generation of valuable products. Diatom biorefinery can be a sustainable solution to wastewater management, and the biomass obtained from treatment can be turned into biofuels, biofertilizers, nutritional supplements for animal production, and used for pharmaceutical applications containing bioactive compounds like EPA, DHA and pigments such as fucoxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kiran Marella
- International Crop Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Telangana State, India
| | - Itzel Y López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Sreenath Dixit
- International Crop Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Telangana State, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201 313, India.
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