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Ye B, Xiong Q, Yang J, Huang Z, Huang J, He J, Liu L, Xia M, Liu Y. Adoption of region-specific diets in China can help achieve gains in health and environmental sustainability. NATURE FOOD 2024:10.1038/s43016-024-01038-2. [PMID: 39215095 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The vast heterogeneity in dietary practices across China has led to profound regional disparities in health and environment. To address this issue, we developed a region-specific reference diet (RRD) that is better aligned with Chinese culinary traditions, affordable, sparing of natural and environmental resources, and contributes to health. The adoption of the RRD has proven to be a viable solution to facilitate a rapid transition towards a healthy and environmentally sustainable diet across the country when compared to dietary guidelines from the World Health Organization, the EAT-Lancet Commission and the Chinese Nutrition Society. The RRD improved health in all regions and resulted in reductions of all five environmental impacts measured. Given China's huge population and its major impact on global sustainability, the widespread adoption of the RRD would not only yield substantial health benefits domestically, but also contribute significantly to global food security and sustainability efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, and Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianling Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ludi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, and Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang Y, Zhu Y, Lin W, Luo J. Urea Fertilization Significantly Promotes Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils and Is Attributed to the Short-Term Suppression of Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria during Urea Hydrolysis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:685. [PMID: 38674629 PMCID: PMC11052285 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of urea in agricultural soil significantly boosts nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, the reason for nitrite accumulation, the period of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppression, and the main NOB species for nitrite removal behind urea fertilization have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, four laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted to simulate urea fertilization in agricultural soils. We found that within 36 h of urea application, nitrite oxidation lagged behind ammonia oxidation, leading to nitrite accumulation and increased N2O emissions. However, after 36 h, NOB activity recovered and then removed nitrite, leading to reduced N2O emissions. Urea use resulted in an N2O emission rate tenfold higher than ammonium. During incubation, Nitrobacter-affiliated NOB growth decreased initially but increased later with urea use, while Nitrospira-affiliated NOB appeared unaffected. Chlorate suppression of NOB lasted longer, increasing N2O emissions. Urease inhibitors effectively reduced N2O emissions by slowing urea hydrolysis and limiting free ammonia production, preventing short-term NOB suppression. In summary, short-term NOB suppression during urea hydrolysis played a crucial role in increasing N2O emissions from agricultural soils. These findings revealed the reasons behind the surge in N2O emissions caused by extensive urea application and provided guidance for reducing N2O emissions in agricultural production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jiang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yueyue Zhu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Weitie Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.J.); (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianfei Luo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.J.); (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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3
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Pratibha G, Srinivas I, Raju BMK, Suvana S, Rao KV, Rao MS, Jha A, Anna S, Prabhakar M, Singh VK, Islam A, Singh R, Choudhary SK. Do rainfed production systems have lower environmental impact over irrigated production systems?: On -farm mitigation strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170190. [PMID: 38278221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The intensive agriculture practices improved the crop productivity but escalated energy inputs (EI) and carbon foot print (CF) which contributes to global warming. Hence designing productive, profitable crop management practices under different production systems with low environmental impact (EI and CF) is the need of the hour. To identify the practices, quantification of baseline emissions and the major sources of emissions are required. Indian agriculture has diversified crops and production systems but there is dearth of information on both EI and CF of these production systems and crops. Hence the present study was an attempt to find hot spots and identify suitable strategies with high productivity, energy use efficiency (EUE) and carbon use efficiency (CUE). Energy and carbon balance of castor, cotton, chickpea, groundnut, maize, rice (both rainfed and irrigated), wheat, sugarcane (only irrigated), pigeon pea, soybean, sorghum, pearl millet (only rainfed) in different production systems was assessed. Field specific data on different crop management practices as well as grain and biomass yields were considered. Rainfed production systems had lower EI and CF than irrigated system. The nonrenewable sources of energy like fertilizer (64 %), irrigation (78 %), diesel fuel (75 %) and electricity (67 %) are the major source of energy input. Rainfed crops recorded higher CUE over irrigated condition. Adoption of technologies like efficient irrigation strategies (micro irrigation), enhancing fertilizer use efficiency (site specific nutrient management or slow release fertilizer), conservation agriculture (conservation or reduced tillage) rice cultivation methods (SRI or Direct seeded rice) were the mitigation strategies. These results will help policy makers and stake holders in adoption of suitable strategies for sustainable intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pratibha
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India.
| | - I Srinivas
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India
| | - B M K Raju
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India
| | - S Suvana
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India
| | - K V Rao
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India
| | - M Srinivasa Rao
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India
| | - Anamika Jha
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India
| | - Shivakumar Anna
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India
| | - M Prabhakar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India
| | - V K Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India
| | - Adlul Islam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - S K Choudhary
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110001, India
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Deng N, Gubry-Rangin C, Song XT, Ju XT, Liu SY, Shen JP, Di HJ, Han LL, Zhang LM. AOB Nitrosospira cluster 3a.2 (D11) dominates N 2O emissions in fertilised agricultural soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120504. [PMID: 38447513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia-oxidation process directly contribute to soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in agricultural soils. However, taxonomy of the key nitrifiers (within ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB), archaea (AOA) and complete ammonia oxidisers (comammox Nitrospira)) responsible for substantial N2O emissions in agricultural soils is unknown, as is their regulation by soil biotic and abiotic factors. In this study, cumulative N2O emissions, nitrification rates, abundance and community structure of nitrifiers were investigated in 16 agricultural soils from major crop production regions of China using microcosm experiments with amended nitrogen (N) supplemented or not with a nitrification inhibitor (nitrapyrin). Key nitrifier groups involved in N2O emissions were identified by comparative analyses of the different treatments, combining sequencing and random forest analyses. Soil cumulative N2O emissions significantly increased with soil pH in all agricultural soils. However, they decreased with soil organic carbon (SOC) in alkaline soils. Nitrapyrin significantly inhibited soil cumulative N2O emissions and AOB growth, with a significant inhibition of the AOB Nitrosospira cluster 3a.2 (D11) abundance. One Nitrosospira multiformis-like OTU phylotype (OTU34), which was classified within the AOB Nitrosospira cluster 3a.2 (D11), had the greatest importance on cumulative N2O emissions and its growth significantly depended on soil pH and SOC contents, with higher growth at high pH and low SOC conditions. Collectively, our results demonstrate that alkaline soils with low SOC contents have high N2O emissions, which were mainly driven by AOB Nitrosospira cluster 3a.2 (D11). Nitrapyrin can efficiently reduce nitrification-related N2O emissions by inhibiting the activity of AOB Nitrosospira cluster 3a.2 (D11). This study advances our understanding of key nitrifiers responsible for high N2O emissions in agricultural soils and their controlling factors, and provides vital knowledge for N2O emission mitigation in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Xiao-Tong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xiao-Tang Ju
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Si-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ju-Pei Shen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Hong-Jie Di
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Li-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Li-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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5
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Wang W, Ji D, Peng S, Loladze I, Harrison MT, Davies WJ, Smith P, Xia L, Wang B, Liu K, Zhu K, Zhang W, Ouyang L, Liu L, Gu J, Zhang H, Yang J, Wang F. Eco-physiology and environmental impacts of newly developed rice genotypes for improved yield and nitrogen use efficiency coordinately. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165294. [PMID: 37414171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Significant advancements have been made in understanding the genetic regulation of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and identifying crucial NUE genes in rice. However, the development of rice genotypes that simultaneously exhibit high yield and NUE has lagged behind these theoretical advancements. The grain yield, NUE, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of newly-bred rice genotypes under reduced nitrogen application remain largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, field experiments were conducted, involving 80 indica (14 to 19 rice genotypes each year in Wuxue, Hubei) and 12 japonica (8 to 12 rice genotypes each year in Yangzhou, Jiangsu). Yield, NUE, agronomy, and soil parameters were assessed, and climate data were recorded. The experiments aimed to assess genotypic variations in yield and NUE among these genotypes and to investigate the eco-physiological basis and environmental impacts of coordinating high yield and high NUE. The results showed significant variations in yield and NUE among the genotypes, with 47 genotypes classified as moderate-high yield with high NUE (MHY_HNUE). These genotypes demonstrated the higher yields and NUE levels, with 9.6 t ha-1, 54.4 kg kg-1, 108.1 kg kg-1, and 64 % for yield, NUE for grain and biomass production, and N harvest index, respectively. Nitrogen uptake and tissue concentration were key drivers of the relationship between yield and NUE, particularly N uptake at heading and N concentrations in both straw and grain at maturity. Increase in pre-anthesis temperature consistently lowered yield and NUE. Genotypes within the MHY_HNUE group exhibited higher methane emissions but lower nitrous oxide emissions compared to those in the low to middle yield and NUE group, resulting in a 12.8 % reduction in the yield-scaled greenhouse gas balance. In conclusion, prioritizing crop breeding efforts on yield and resource use efficiency, as well as developing genotypes resilient to high temperatures with lower GHGs, can mitigate planetary warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dongling Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Irakli Loladze
- Bryan College of Health Sciences, Bryan Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68506, USA
| | - Matthew Tom Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
| | | | - Pete Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Longlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
| | - Kuanyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Linhan Ouyang
- College of Economics and Management, Department of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junfei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Liu K, Ma R, Yan K, Zhang B, Xu S, Feng C. Tracing global N 2O emission mitigation strategies through trade networks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118455. [PMID: 37393872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the third most potent greenhouse gas (GHG) and the most important ozone depleting substance. But how global N2O emissions are connected through the interwoven trade network remains unclear. This paper attempts to specifically trace anthropogenic N2O emissions via global trade networks using a multi-regional input-output model and a complex network model. Nearly one quarter of global N2O emissions can be linked to products traded internationally in 2014. The top 20 economies contribute to about 70% of the total embodied N2O emission flows. In terms of the trade embodied emissions classified by sources, cropland-, livestock-, chemistry-, and other industries-related embodied N2O emissions account for 41.9%, 31.2%, 19.9%, and 7.0%, respectively. Clustering structure of the global N2O flow network is revealed by the regional integration of 5 trading communities. Hub economies such as mainland China and the USA are collectors and distributors, and some emerging countries, such as Mexico, Brazil, India, and Russia, also exhibit dominance in different kinds of networks. This study selects the cattle sector to further verify that low production-side emission intensities and trade cooperation can lead to N2O emission reduction. In view of the impact of trade networks on global N2O emissions, achieving N2O emission reduction calls for vigorous international cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemeng Liu
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Rong Ma
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Kejia Yan
- China Institute for Studies in Energy Policy, School of Management, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- China Institute for Studies in Energy Policy, School of Management, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, PR China.
| | - Simin Xu
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Cuiyang Feng
- School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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Xiao D, Fan J, Wang W, Wang J, Hou L. Innovation city and low-carbon future: a quasinatural experiment from China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:98004-98019. [PMID: 37603247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Using the difference-in-difference model and panel data from 283 Chinese cities from 2006 to 2019, this study assesses the effect on CO2 emissions of an innovative city pilot policy and analyzes its mechanism using the mediation effect model. The findings demonstrate that the pilot policy significantly reduces urban carbon emissions overall, and this finding holds even after conducting several stability tests. Innovative pilot cities can cut carbon emissions by 11.5% compared to nonpilot cities and thus significantly impact carbon reduction. Reducing carbon emissions is possible through three mechanisms. These are the enrichment of cultural resources, the development of technological innovation levels, and the optimization of industrial structure. There is a significant lag in how the innovative city pilot policy affects this reduction. The emission reduction effects of innovative pilot policies on different pollution levels, regions, and cities of various sizes are heterogeneous. In the long run, the scope of pilot projects needs enlargement in an orderly manner, and specific policies should be implemented according to local conditions. Meanwhile, advanced technologies are required in cities of different scales to build innovative development mechanisms for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and environmental regulations should be strengthened to implement in urban areas the concept of green and sustainable ecological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deheng Xiao
- School of Government, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jingbo Fan
- School of Government, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weilong Wang
- School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Lingchun Hou
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
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8
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Kwakwa PA, Aboagye S, Alhassan H, Gyamfi BA. Reducing agricultural nitrous oxide emissions in China: the role of food production, forest cover, income, trade openness, and rural population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:95773-95788. [PMID: 37556053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In the light of China's carbon-neutral goal, this study examines how food production, forest cover, trade openness, and rural population contribute to the quest of addressing China's agricultural nitrous oxide emissions. Time series data ranging from 1971 to 2018 was used for analysis in this study. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique was employed to evaluate potential cointegration as well as to ascertain the long and short-run effects of food production, forest cover, income, trade openness, and rural population on agricultural nitrous oxide emission. The Toda-Yamomoto causality analysis was also used to identify the causal relations between covariates (food production, forest cover, income, trade openness, and rural population) and the outcome variable (agricultural nitrous oxide emission). The long-run evidence is that rural population in itself tends to increase agricultural nitrous oxide emissions likewise food production. There is also validation of the existence of environmental Kuznets curve for agricultural nitrous oxide emissions. Moreover, income interacts with rural population to reduce agricultural nitrous oxide emissions in the long-run. Causality analysis indicated rural population affects the level of forest cover; forest cover is found to cause agricultural nitrous oxide emissions but the converse is not established, and income as well as the interaction between income and rural population determines agricultural nitrous oxide emissions. The short-run dynamics results establish an oscillatory equilibrium convergence for agricultural nitrous oxide emissions in event of structural disturbances. From the findings, the EKC hypothesis is relevant by offering avenue to reduce emission. Thus, income growth remains helpful in addressing nitrous oxide emission from the agricultural sector. However, research is needed to unravel why nitrous oxide tends to increase in many forest areas. Since food production cannot be halted, policy makers need to enhance the uptake of efficient food production technologies including developing and using more renewable energy for food production. It is important for authorities to attend to rural development in order to mitigate agricultural nitrous oxide emissions in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Adjei Kwakwa
- School of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana.
| | - Solomon Aboagye
- Department of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hamdiyah Alhassan
- Department of Economics, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Bright Akwasi Gyamfi
- School of Management, Sir Padampat Singhania University, Bhatewar, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Business Administration Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Istanbul Gelisin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Guo L, Lin W, Cao C, Li C. Integrated rice-crayfish farming system does not mitigate the global warming potential during rice season. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161520. [PMID: 36646218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Integrated rice-crayfish farming system (RCS) has become increasingly popular in China. However, previous research has largely ignored the effect of trench around the paddy field on GHG emissions, which may cause inaccurate estimation of the global warming potential (GWP) from the system. This study compared the GWP between rice monoculture (RM) and RCS. The results indicated that the field of RCS had significantly lower CH4 emissions compared with RM due to lower mcrA abundance and higher pmoA abundance, while there was no difference in N2O emissions. In addition, the trench resulted in remarkably more CH4 emissions due to higher mcrA abundance and lower pmoA abundance and less N2O emissions than the field in RCS. In general, RCS seems not to mitigate GWP compared with RM due to more CH4 emissions from the trench in the current mode. Furthermore, our results indicate that RCS can reduce GWP relative to RM only when the area ratio of the trench to the system is controlled to be lower than 13.9 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Guo
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 3550002, PR China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 3550002, PR China
| | - Cougui Cao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Chengfang Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China.
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10
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Yang J, Li W, Chen J, Sun C. Refined Carbon Emission Measurement Based on NPP-VIIRS Nighttime Light Data: A Case Study of the Pearl River Delta Region, China. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 23:191. [PMID: 36616789 PMCID: PMC9823736 DOI: 10.3390/s23010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The accurate measurement of CO2 emissions is helpful for realizing the goals of "carbon neutralization" and "carbon peak". However, most current research on CO2 emission measurements utilizes the traditional energy balance coefficient and top-down methods. The data granularity is large, and most studies are concentrated at the national, provincial, municipal, or district/county administrative unit scale. As an important part of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China, the Pearl River Delta region has good nighttime light vitality and faces huge carbon emission pressure. Using the Pearl River Delta as the research area, this study constructed an optimized pixel-scale regression model based on NPP-VIIRS (The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite on the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership spacecraft) nighttime light data and CO2 emissions data at the district and county levels for 2017. In addition, the spatial pattern of CO2 emissions in the Pearl River Delta was analyzed based on the predicted CO2 emission status. The results showed that the spatial pattern of CO2 emissions in the Pearl River Delta had the distinct characteristics of the "center-edge" effect, the spatial spillover effect, and high-value aggregation, which should be considered when making related social or public decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Weihong Li
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511517, China
| | - Jieying Chen
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Caige Sun
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511517, China
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11
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Sun H, Yi Z, Jeyakumar P, Xia C, Feng Y, Lam SS, Sonne C, Wang H, Shi W. Citric acid modified biochar application at a low dosage can synchronically mitigate the nitrogenous gas pollutants emission from rice paddy soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120068. [PMID: 36057329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Raw biochar with high pH possibly stimulated ammonia (NH3) volatilization in the agricultural soil. We hypothesized that the modified biochar (MBC) with low pH can synchronically decrease the NH3 and nitrous oxide (N2O) losses. We performed a two-year experiment to clarify how citric acid MBC influence the NH3 volatilization and N2O emission as well as the underlying mechanisms. Two typical paddy soils, i.e., Hydragric Anthrosol and Haplic Acrisol, receiving equal urea N with 240 kg ha-1 but varied rates of MBC with 0, 5, 10, and 20 t ha-1 (named Urea, Urea + MBC5, Urea + MBC10, and Urea + MBC20, respectively) were studied. The results showed that MBC-amended treatments effectively mitigated the NH3 volatilization from Hydragric Anthrosol and Haplic Acrisol by 29.6%-57.9% and 30.5%-62.4% in 2017, and by 16.5%-21.0% and 24.5%-35.0% in 2018, respectively, compared to Urea treatment. In addition, significantly lower N2O emissions with averaged 38.3% and 43.1% in 2017, and 51.7% and 26.7% were recorded under Hydragric Anthrosol and Haplic Acrisol, respectively, following the MBC application (P < 0.05). Increased MBC addition performed higher efficacy on mitigating NH3 volatilization, particularly in the first rice season, while this "dosage effect" was not found for N2O reduction. Lowered pH in overlying water, enhanced adsorption of NH4+-N and its nitrification rate likely contributed to the lower NH3 volatilization as result of MBC addition. The nirS and nosZ gene copies were not changed by MBC, while the nirK gene copies were decreased as result of MBC amendment by 8.3%-25.2% under Hydragric Anthrosol and by 21.8%-24.9% under Haplic Acrisol. Consequent lower ratio of nirK/(nirS + nosZ) explained the mitigation effect of MBC on N2O emission. In conclusion, the present two-year study recommends that MBC applied at a low dosage can perform positive effect on controlling the nitrogenous gas pollutants from paddy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Zhenghua Yi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Weiming Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
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12
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Jichao T, Tianqi L, Yang J, Jinfan N, Junyang X, Lu Z, Weijian Z, Wenfeng T, Cougui C. Current status of carbon neutrality in Chinese rice fields (2002-2017) and strategies for its achievement. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156713. [PMID: 35714747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China has pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 to address global climate change, and achieving carbon neutrality in rice fields is a vital component of this commitment. However, the current status of carbon neutrality in rice fields in China is unclear, and there are few feasible strategies to achieve its successful implementation. Therefore, this study calculated the net carbon sequestration rate (NCSR, i.e., carbon sequestration minus carbon emissions) of rice fields in China from 2002 to 2017 to clarify the carbon neutrality status of Chinese rice fields. Furthermore, the effects of field management measures, rice sown area, and rice yield on NCSR were analyzed to identify suitable carbon neutralization pathways in Chinese rice fields. Our findings indicated that the annual carbon sequestration rate in rice fields was lower than the carbon emissions, resulting in continuous net emissions of 195.49 Tg CO2-eq yr-1. The NCSR of paddy fields increased first and then decreased with increases in rice sown area and yield. Meta-analysis indicated that management measures such as water conservation and biochar significantly increased NCSR by ~5766.50 kg CO2-eq ha-1 yr-1 and 22,296.62 kg CO2-eq ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Our findings suggests that proper control of rice sown area and the adoption of reasonable field management measures (water conservation and biochar) can promote carbon neutrality in Chinese rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Jichao
- Macro Research Agricultural Institute, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liu Tianqi
- Macro Research Agricultural Institute, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiang Yang
- Macro Research Agricultural Institute, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nie Jinfan
- Macro Research Agricultural Institute, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xing Junyang
- Macro Research Agricultural Institute, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhang Lu
- School of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhang Weijian
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tan Wenfeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cao Cougui
- Macro Research Agricultural Institute, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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13
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Zhang Y, Jeyakumar P, Xia C, Lam SS, Jiang J, Sun H, Shi W. Being applied at rice or wheat season impacts biochar's effect on gaseous nitrogen pollutants from the wheat growth cycle. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119409. [PMID: 35513200 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) application to agricultural soil can impact two nitrogen (N) gases pollutants, i.e., the ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) losses to atmospheric environment. Under rice-wheat rotation, applied at which growth cycle may influence the aforementioned effects of BC. We conducted a soil column (35 cm in inner diameter and 70 cm in height) experiment to evaluate the responses of wheat N use efficiency (NUE), NH3 volatilization, and N2O emission from wheat season to biochar applied at rice (R) or wheat (W) growth cycle, meanwhile regarding the effect of inorganic fertilizer N input rate, i.e., 72, 90, and 108 kg ha-1 (named N72, N90, and N108, respectively). The results showed that BC application influenced the wheat growth and grain yield. In particular, BC applied at rice season increased the wheat grain yield when receiving 90 and 108 kg N ha-1. The improved wheat grain yield was attributed to that N90 + BC(R) and N108 + BC(R) enhanced the wheat NUE by 53.8% and 52.8% over N90 and N108, respectively. More N input led to higher NH3 volatilization and its emission factor. Interestingly, 19.7%-34.0% lower NH3 vitalizations were recorded under treatments with BC applied in rice season, compared with the treatments only with fertilizer N. BC applied at rice season exerted higher efficiency on mitigating N2O emission than that applied at wheat season under three N input rates, i.e., 60.5%-77.6% vs 29.8%-34.8%. Overall, considering the crop yield and global warming potential resulting from NH3 volatilization and N2O emission of wheat season, N90 + BC(R) is recommended. In conclusion, farmers should consider the application time and reduce inorganic fertilizer N rate when using BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Haijun Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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14
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Wang Y, Yao Z, Zheng X, Subramaniam L, Butterbach-Bahl K. A synthesis of nitric oxide emissions across global fertilized croplands from crop-specific emission factors. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4395-4408. [PMID: 35403777 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to agricultural soils results in substantial emissions of nitric oxide (NO), a key substance in tropospheric chemistry involved in climate forcing and air pollution. However, the estimates of global cropland NO emissions remain uncertain due to a lack of information on direct NO emission factors (EFd s) of applied N for various cropping systems at seasonal or annual scales. Here we quantified the crop-specific seasonal and annual-scale NO EFd s through synthesizing 1094 measurements from 125 field-based studies worldwide. The global mean crop-specific seasonal EFd was 0.53%, with the highest for vegetables (0.75%). Among cereal crops, the EFd of maize (0.45%) or wheat (0.47%) was about three times higher than for rice (0.12%). At annual scale, the mean EFd across all cropping systems was 0.58%, with tea plantations having the highest (1.54%). For other cropping systems, the annual-scale EFd s ranged from 0.02% to 1.07%. Besides crop type, also soil organic carbon, total N, and pH as well as N fertilizer type were the main factors explaining the variations of NO EFd s. Based on obtained specific EFd s for each crop type, we estimated that NO emissions due to the use of synthetic fertilizers from global croplands are about 0.42-0.62 Tg N year-1 . Our budgets are relatively lower if compared to estimates derived by the use of IPCC defaults for NO emissions (0.72-1.66 Tg N year-1 ) or reported elsewhere (0.67-1.04 Tg N year-1 ). In our estimates, cash crops (vegetable, tea and orchard), which cover only 9% of the world cropland area, contributed about 31% to total NO emissions from global fertilized croplands. Overall, our meta-analysis provides improved crop-specific NO EFd s reflecting current stage of knowledge. The work also highlights the relative importance of cash crop production as sources for atmospheric NO, that is, agricultural systems on which mitigation efforts may focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Logapragasan Subramaniam
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Land-CRAFT, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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15
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Men C, Li J, Zuo J. Prediction of tempo-spatial patterns and exceedance probabilities of atmospheric corrosion of Q235 carbon steel across China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25234-25247. [PMID: 34839437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the losses caused by the atmospheric corrosion of carbon steels, it is important to establish a prediction model to determine the corrosion rate of carbon steels in natural environments. In this study, a prediction model of atmospheric corrosion of Q235 carbon steel (PMACC-Q235) in China was established by coupling the mean impact value algorithm and back propagation artificial neural network. Tempo-spatial patterns of corrosion rates in five long-exposure time categories across China were analyzed. Ten main factors affecting the atmospheric corrosion of Q235 were identified. The corrosion rates in a single year were similar (approximately 30 μm/a) and larger than those for 2 (25.30 μm/a) and 3 years (21.66 μm/a). The spatial corrosion rates in the northwestern areas were primarily lower than those in southeastern coastal areas. This could be influenced by climatic factors, such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation. All corrosion rates reached the C2 level (>1.3 μm/a), and there was some possibility that they reached higher corrosion levels. The largest probability for the C3 level in all periods was an average of 0.91, and that for the C4 level was 0.83. Spatially, higher probabilities were mainly located in the southern area, especially in Hainan, located in the south and surrounded by sea. Corrosion rates largely varied among climatic zones, and mean corrosion rates in the tropical monsoon climate zone were the largest (average of three periods 33.39 μm/a). SO2 and soluble-dust fall had the largest impact on the variations in the corrosion rates among different climatic zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Men
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jingyang Li
- Beijing Spacecrafts, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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16
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Zhang P, Wen T, Hu Y, Zhang J, Cai Z. Can N Fertilizer Addition Affect N 2O Isotopocule Signatures for Soil N 2O Source Partitioning? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18095024. [PMID: 34068614 PMCID: PMC8126104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18095024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Isotopocule signatures of N2O (δ15Nbulk, δ18O and site preference) are useful for discerning soil N2O source, but sometimes, N fertilizer is needed to ensure that there is
enough N2O flux for accurate isotopocule measurements. However, whether fertilizer affects these measurements is unknown. This study evaluated a gradient of NH4NO3 addition on N2O productions and isotopocule values in two acidic subtropical soils. The results showed that N2O production rates obviously amplified with increasing NH4NO3 (p < 0.01), although a lower N2O production rate and an increasing extent appeared in forest soil. The δ15Nbulk of N2O produced in forest soil was progressively enriched when more NH4NO3 was added, while becoming
more depleted of agricultural soil. Moreover, the N2O site
preference (SP) values collectively elevated with increasing NH4NO3 in both soils, indicating that N2O contributions changed. The increased N2O production in agricultural soil was predominantly due to the added NH4NO3 via autotrophic nitrification and fungal denitrification (beyond 50%), which significantly
increased with added
NH4NO3, whereas soil organic nitrogen contributed most to N2O production in forest soil, probably via heterotrophic nitrification. Lacking the characteristic
SP
of heterotrophic nitrification,
its
N2O contribution
change
cannot be accurately identified yet. Overall, N fertilizer should be applied strictly according to the field application rate or N deposition amount when using isotopocule signatures to estimate soil N2O processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Zhang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.C.)
| | - Teng Wen
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8589-1203
| | - Yangmei Hu
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.C.)
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
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17
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Lan T, Zhang H, Han Y, Deng O, Tang X, Luo L, Zeng J, Chen G, Wang C, Gao X. Regulating CH 4, N 2O, and NO emissions from an alkaline paddy field under rice-wheat rotation with controlled release N fertilizer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:18246-18259. [PMID: 33409996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release fertilizer (CRF) has been shown to increase crop yield and N use efficiency (NUE) compared with traditional chemical fertilizer (TF). However, few studies examined the effects of CRF on CH4, N2O, and NO emissions simultaneously in alkaline paddy fields under rice-wheat rotation. In the present study, we conducted a 2-year field experiment to compare the effects of different CRF application strategies on these gas emissions with those of TF and explored the effects of CRF on global warming potential (GWP), crop yields, and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI). Results showed that CRF can reduce 0.98-14.3%, 13.3-21.1%, and 8.22-16.3% of CH4, N2O, and NO emissions, respectively, in the studied alkaline paddy field. CRF reduce CH4 emission probably by regulating soil NH4+ concentration. CRF reduce N2O and NO emissions probably by regulating inorganic N content in the studied alkaline paddy soil. CRF had the same effect on annual crop yield as TF, especially when CRF was applied twice in each season and had the same N application rate as TF. Annual crop yields and the agronomic efficiency of N (AEN) increased by 8.24% and 21.6%, respectively. On the average of the two rice-wheat rotation cycles, GHGI significantly decreased by up to 14.1% after the application of CRF as relative to that after the application of TF (P < 0.05). These results suggest that CRF is an environment-friendly N fertilization strategy for mitigating GWP and ensuring high crop yield in an alkaline paddy field under rice-wheat rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Han
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ouping Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangdeng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
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18
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Zheng M, Zhou N, He S, Chang F, Zhong J, Xu S, Wang Z, Liu T. Nitrous oxide (N 2O) emissions from a pilot-scale oxidation ditch under different COD/N ratios, aeration rates and two shock-load conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111657. [PMID: 33229113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) generated from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has drawn attention due to its high emission load and significant greenhouse effect. In the present study, N2O emissions from a pilot-scale Carrousel oxidation ditch under various chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen ratio (COD/N) and aeration rates were systematically investigated. The highest N2O emission factor was 0.142 ± 0.013%, at COD/N of 5 and aeration rate of 1.8 m3 h-1, which was much lower than the majority of previous studies. The results could be attributed to the high internal recycle ratio of the oxidation ditch process which lightened the burden of influent load to the system. The profiles of N2O emissions and dissolved N2O concentration along the channels showed a distinct spatial variation that N2O emissions primarily occurred in the aeration zones due to the air stripping effect. However, both the aeration and anoxic zones contributed to N2O generation due to autotrophic nitrification (AN), which was considered to be the main N2O generation process. In addition, two simulated shock-load conditions, ammonia overload shock and aeration failure shock, were carried out to explore the response of the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) system. The results indicated that both shock-loads lead to excessive N2O emissions, especially at higher aeration rates, which could be explained by the improved N2O generation by AN process during the shock-load period. This study offered new insights into the role of operational parameters to N2O emission and the alternative approach for N2O mitigation during both the steady-state operation and shock-load conditions in the oxidation ditch process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shishi He
- Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Fang Chang
- Marine Resources Research Centre, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T., Tianjin, 300456, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tang Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China.
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19
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Chai R, Ye X, Ma C, Wang Q, Tu R, Zhang L, Gao H. Greenhouse gas emissions from synthetic nitrogen manufacture and fertilization for main upland crops in China. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 14:20. [PMID: 31889246 PMCID: PMC7227229 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-019-0133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions comes from the manufacture of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers consumed in crop production processes. And the application of synthetic N fertilizers is recognized as the most important factor contributing to direct N2O emissions from agricultural soils. Based on statistical data and relevant literature, the GHG emissions associated with synthetic N manufacture and fertilization for wheat and maize in different provinces and agricultural regions of China were quantitatively evaluated in the present study. RESULTS During the 2015-2017 period, the average application rates of synthetic N for wheat and maize in upland fields of China were 222 and 197 kg ha-1, respectively. The total consumption of synthetic N on wheat and maize was 12.63 Mt year-1. At the national scale, the GHG emissions associated with the manufacture of synthetic N fertilizers were estimated to be 41.44 and 59.71 Mt CO2-eq year-1 for wheat and maize in China, respectively. And the direct N2O emissions derived from synthetic N fertilization were estimated to be 35.82 and 69.44 Gg N2O year-1 for wheat and maize, respectively. In the main wheat-cultivating regions of China, area-scaled GHG emissions were higher for Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu and Xinjiang provinces. And for maize, Gansu, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Shannxi and Jiangsu provinces had higher area-scaled GHG emissions. Higher yield-scaled GHG emissions for wheat and maize mainly occured in Yunnan and Gansu provinces. CONCLUSIONS The manufacture and application of synthetic N fertilizers for wheat and maize in Chinese croplands is an important source of agricultural GHG emissions. The current study could provide a scientific basis for establishing an inventory of upland GHG emissions in China and developing appropriate mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushan Chai
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinxin Ye
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Renfeng Tu
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ligan Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongjian Gao
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
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Teng F, Su X, Wang X. Can China Peak Its Non-CO 2 GHG Emissions before 2030 by Implementing Its Nationally Determined Contribution? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12168-12176. [PMID: 31600434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-CO2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions account for about 1/4 of global GHG emissions, and the trend of these emissions, as well as their mitigation potential and abatement cost, are of interest to both scientific researchers and decision makers. We present an integrated model, China Multigas Optimal Reduction Evaluation model (China-MORE), of the nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and fluorinated gases (F-gases) emissions of China, with which we analyze the non-CO2 emission reduction implications of China's Paris pledges. We find that China's non-CO2 emissions can peak before 2030 under its Paris pledges, where the cobenefit of coal control policy is the largest contributor to this emissions trajectory due to reduction of CH4 from coal mines. Based on the mitigation cost curve, we show that while the non-CO2 emission reductions are cost-effective at a lower reduction rate, they can only be reduced up to 60-70% due to physical constraints of the reduction technologies, leaving 1.4 Gt CO2-eq of residual emissions in 2050. The growth of non-CO2 emissions in China is largely driven by household consumption of cooling technologies, vehicles, and food. Our findings imply that deep reductions can only be achieved through the deployment of mitigation technologies at a reasonable cost, along with policies to induce behavioral change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy , Tsinghua University , 100084 , Beijing , China
| | - Xin Su
- Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy , Tsinghua University , 100084 , Beijing , China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy , Tsinghua University , 100084 , Beijing , China
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