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Soose LJ, Rex T, Oehlmann J, Schiwy A, Krauss M, Brack W, Klimpel S, Hollert H, Jourdan J. One like all? Behavioral response range of native and invasive amphipods to neonicotinoid exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124235. [PMID: 38801881 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Native and invasive species often occupy similar ecological niches and environments where they face comparable risks from chemical exposure. Sometimes, invasive species are phylogenetically related to native species, e.g. they may come from the same family and have potentially similar sensitivities to environmental stressors due to phylogenetic conservatism and ecological similarity. However, empirical studies that aim to understand the nuanced impacts of chemicals on the full range of closely related species are rare, yet they would help to comprehend patterns of current biodiversity loss and species turnover. Behavioral sublethal endpoints are of increasing ecotoxicological interest. Therefore, we investigated behavioral responses (i.e., change in movement behavior) of the four dominant amphipod species in the Rhine-Main area (central Germany) when exposed to the neonicotinoid thiacloprid. Moreover, beyond species-specific behavioral responses, ecological interactions (e.g. parasitation with Acanthocephala) play a crucial role in shaping behavior, and we have considered these infections in our analysis. Our findings revealed distinct baseline behaviors and species-specific responses to thiacloprid exposure. Notably, Gammarus fossarum exhibited biphasic behavioral changes with hyperactivity at low concentrations that decreased at higher concentrations. Whereas Gammarus pulex, Gammarus roeselii and the invasive species Dikerogammarus villosus, showed no or weaker behavioral responses. This may partly explain why G. fossarum disappears in chemically polluted regions while the other species persist there to a certain degree. But it also shows that potential pre-exposure in the habitat may influence behavioral responses of the other amphipod species, because habituation occurs, and potential hyperactivity would be harmful to individuals in the habitat. The observed responses were further influenced by acanthocephalan parasites, which altered baseline behavior in G. roeselii and enhanced the behavioral response to thiacloprid exposure. Our results underscore the intricate and diverse nature of responses among closely related amphipod species, highlighting their unique vulnerabilities in anthropogenically impacted freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Soose
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Tobias Rex
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Hessen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Schiwy
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer-Institute für Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department Media-related Ecotoxicology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Hessen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department Integrative Parasitology and Zoophysiology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Hessen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer-Institute für Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department Media-related Ecotoxicology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonas Jourdan
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Hessen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Navarro I, de la Torre A, Sanz P, Abrantes N, Campos I, Alaoui A, Christ F, Alcon F, Contreras J, Glavan M, Pasković I, Pasković MP, Nørgaard T, Mandrioli D, Sgargi D, Hofman J, Aparicio V, Baldi I, Bureau M, Vested A, Harkes P, Huerta-Lwanga E, Mol H, Geissen V, Silva V, Martínez MÁ. Assessing pesticide residues occurrence and risks in water systems: A Pan-European and Argentina perspective. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121419. [PMID: 38484551 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems face a particularly high risk of biodiversity loss compared to marine and terrestrial systems. The use of pesticides in agricultural fields is recognized as a relevant stressor for freshwater environments, exerting a negative impact worldwide on the overall status and health of the freshwater communities. In the present work, part of the Horizon 2020 funded SPRINT project, the occurrence of 193 pesticide residues was investigated in 64 small water bodies of distinct typology (creeks, streams, channels, ditches, rivers, lakes, ponds and reservoirs), located in regions with high agricultural activity in 10 European countries and in Argentina. Mixtures of pesticide residues were detected in all water bodies (20, median; 8-40 min-max). Total pesticide levels found ranged between 6.89 and 5860 ng/L, highlighting herbicides as the dominant type of pesticides. Glyphosate was the compound with the highest median concentration followed by 2,4-D and MCPA, and in a lower degree by dimethomorph, fluopicolide, prothioconazole and metolachlor(-S). Argentina was the site with the highest total pesticide concentration in water bodies followed by The Netherlands, Portugal and France. One or more pesticides exceeded the threshold values established in the European Water Framework Directive for surface water in 9 out of 11 case study sites (CSS), and the total pesticide concentration surpassed the reference value of 500 ng/L in 8 CSS. Although only 5 % (bifenthrin, dieldrin, fipronil sulfone, permethrin, and terbutryn) of the individual pesticides denoted high risk (RQ > 1), the ratios estimated for pesticide mixtures suggested potential environmental risk in the aquatic compartment studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Navarro
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián de la Torre
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Abdallah Alaoui
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Christ
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Alcon
- Department of Business Economics, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Josefina Contreras
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Matjaž Glavan
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Porec, Croatia
| | - Marija Polić Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Porec, Croatia
| | - Trine Nørgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Centre, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Sgargi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Centre, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, the Czech Republic
| | - Virginia Aparicio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Bureau
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Vested
- Department of Public Health - Unit for Environment, Occupation, and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Paula Harkes
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research - Part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
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Siddique A, Shahid N, Liess M. Revealing the cascade of pesticide effects from gene to community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170472. [PMID: 38296075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Global pesticide exposure in agriculture leads to biodiversity loss, even at ultra-low concentrations below the legal limits. The mechanisms by which the effects of toxicants act at such low concentrations are still unclear, particularly in relation to their propagation across the different biological levels. In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, a cascade of effects from the gene to the community level. At the gene level, agricultural pesticide exposure resulted in reduced genetic diversity of field-collected Gammarus pulex, a dominant freshwater crustacean in Europe. Additionally, we identified alleles associated with adaptations to pesticide contamination. At the individual level, this genetic adaptation to pesticides was linked to a lower fecundity, indicating related fitness costs. At the community level, the combined effect of pesticides and competitors caused a decline in the overall number and abundance of pesticides susceptible macroinvertebrate competing with gammarids. The resulting reduction in interspecific competition provided an advantage for pesticide-adapted G. pulex to dominate macroinvertebrate communities in contaminated areas, despite their reduced fitness due to adaptation. These processes demonstrate the complex cascade of effects, and also illustrate the resilience and adaptability of biological systems across organisational levels to meet the challenges of a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Siddique
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Naeem Shahid
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100 Vehari, Pakistan.
| | - Matthias Liess
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Jourdan J, El Toum Abdel Fadil S, Oehlmann J, Hupało K. Rapid development of increased neonicotinoid tolerance in non-target freshwater amphipods. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108368. [PMID: 38070438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The comprehensive assessment of the long-term impacts of constant exposure to pollutants on wildlife populations remains a relatively unexplored area of ecological risk assessment. Empirical evidence to suggest that multigenerational exposure affects the susceptibility of organisms is scarce, and the underlying mechanisms in the natural environment have yet to be fully understood. In this study, we first examined the arthropod candidate species, Gammarus roeselii that - unlike closely related species - commonly occurs in many contaminated river systems of Central Europe. This makes it a suitable study organism to investigate the development of tolerances and phenotypic adaptations along pollution gradients. In a 96-h acute toxicity assay with the neonicotinoid thiacloprid, we indeed observed a successive increase in tolerance in populations coming from contaminated regions. This was accompanied by a certain phenotypic change, with increased investment into reproduction. To address the question of whether these changes are plastic or emerged from longer lasting evolutionary processes, we conducted a multigeneration experiment in the second part of our study. Here, we used closely-related Hyalella azteca and pre-exposed them for multiple generations to sublethal concentrations of thiacloprid in a semi-static design (one week renewal of media containing 0.1 or 1.0 µg/L thiacloprid). The pre-exposed individuals were then used in acute toxicity assays to see how quickly such adaptive responses can develop. Over only two generations, the tolerance to the neonicotinoid almost doubled, suggesting developmental plasticity as a plausible mechanism for the rapid adaptive response to strong selection factors such as neonicotinoid insecticides. It remains to be discovered whether the plasticity of rapidly developed tolerance is species-specific and explains why closely related species - which may not have comparable adaptive response capabilities - disappear in polluted habitats. Overall, our findings highlight the neglected role of developmental plasticity during short- and long-term exposure of natural populations to pollution. Moreover, our results show that even pollutant levels seven times lower than concentrations found in the study region have a clear impact on the developmental trajectories of non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Jourdan
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Hessen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13 D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Safia El Toum Abdel Fadil
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20 D-21033, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Hessen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13 D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kamil Hupało
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Lalouette A, Degli Esposti D, Garnero L, Allibert M, Dherret L, Dabrin A, Delorme N, Recoura-Massaquant R, Chaumot A. Acclimation and transgenerational plasticity support increased cadmium tolerance in Gammarus populations exposed to natural metal contamination in headwater streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166216. [PMID: 37567286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Considering long-term population effects of chronic exposure to contaminants remains limited in ecological risk assessment. Field evidence that multigenerational exposure influences organisms' sensitivity is still scarce, and mechanisms have yet to be elucidated in the environmental context. This study focuses on the crustacean Gammarus fossarum, for which an increased tolerance to cadmium (Cd) has previously been reported in a naturally low-contaminated headwater stream. Our objectives were to investigate whether Cd tolerance is a common phenomenon in headwater populations, and to elucidate the nature of the tolerance and its intergenerational transmission. For this, we carried out an in-depth in situ characterization of Cd exposure (gammarids' caging) and levels of tolerance in nine populations on a regional scale, as well as laboratory maintenance and cross-breeding of contaminated and uncontaminated populations. Acute tolerance levels correlate positively with bioavailable Cd contamination levels among streams. The contaminated and non-contaminated populations differ about two-fold in sensitivity to Cd. Tolerance was found in all age classes of contaminated populations, it can be transiently lost during the year, and it was transmissible to offspring. In addition, tolerance levels dropped significantly when organisms were transferred to a Cd-free environment for two months. These organisms also ceased producing tolerant offspring, confirming a non-genetic transmission of Cd tolerance between generations. These findings support that Cd tolerance corresponds to non-genetic acclimation combined with transgenerational plasticity. Moreover, cross-breeding revealed that tolerance transmission to offspring is not limited to maternal effect. We suggest epigenetics as a plausible mechanism for the plasticity of Cd sensitivity observed in the field. Our results therefore highlight the neglected role of plasticity and non-genetic transmission of modified sensitivities during the long-term exposure of natural populations to environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auréline Lalouette
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, Villeurbanne F-69625, France
| | | | - Laura Garnero
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, Villeurbanne F-69625, France
| | - Maxime Allibert
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, Villeurbanne F-69625, France
| | - Lysiane Dherret
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire de chimie des milieux aquatiques, Villeurbanne F-69625, France
| | - Aymeric Dabrin
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire de chimie des milieux aquatiques, Villeurbanne F-69625, France
| | - Nicolas Delorme
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, Villeurbanne F-69625, France
| | | | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, Villeurbanne F-69625, France.
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Schäfer RB, Jackson M, Juvigny-Khenafou N, Osakpolor SE, Posthuma L, Schneeweiss A, Spaak J, Vinebrooke R. Chemical Mixtures and Multiple Stressors: Same but Different? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1915-1936. [PMID: 37036219 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems are strongly influenced by multiple anthropogenic stressors, including a wide range of chemicals and their mixtures. Studies on the effects of multiple stressors have largely focussed on nonchemical stressors, whereas studies on chemical mixtures have largely ignored other stressors. However, both research areas face similar challenges and require similar tools and methods to predict the joint effects of chemicals or nonchemical stressors, and frameworks to integrate multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors are missing. We provide an overview of the research paradigms, tools, and methods commonly used in multiple stressor and chemical mixture research and discuss potential domains of cross-fertilization and joint challenges. First, we compare the general paradigms of ecotoxicology and (applied) ecology to explain the historical divide. Subsequently, we compare methods and approaches for the identification of interactions, stressor characterization, and designing experiments. We suggest that both multiple stressor and chemical mixture research are too focused on interactions and would benefit from integration regarding null model selection. Stressor characterization is typically more costly for chemical mixtures. While for chemical mixtures comprehensive classification systems at suborganismal level have been developed, recent classification systems for multiple stressors account for environmental context. Both research areas suffer from rather simplified experimental designs that focus on only a limited number of stressors, chemicals, and treatments. We discuss concepts that can guide more realistic designs capturing spatiotemporal stressor dynamics. We suggest that process-based and data-driven models are particularly promising to tackle the challenge of prediction of effects of chemical mixtures and nonchemical stressors on (meta-)communities and (meta-)food webs. We propose a framework to integrate the assessment of effects for multiple stressors and chemical mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1915-1936. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | - Noel Juvigny-Khenafou
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Stephen E Osakpolor
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Leo Posthuma
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Jürg Spaak
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Rolf Vinebrooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kabus J, Cunze S, Dombrowski A, Karaouzas I, Shumka S, Jourdan J. Uncovering the Grinnellian niche space of the cryptic species complex Gammarus roeselii. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15800. [PMID: 37551343 PMCID: PMC10404395 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of cryptic species complexes within morphologically established species comes with challenges in the classification and handling of these species. We hardly know to what extent species within a species complex differ ecologically. Such knowledge is essential to assess the vulnerability of individual genetic lineages in the face of global change. The abiotic conditions, i.e., the Grinnellian niche that a genetic lineage colonizes, provides insights into how diverse the ecological requirements of each evolutionary lineage are within a species complex. MATERIAL AND METHODS We sampled the cryptic species complex of the amphipod Gammarus roeselii from Central Germany to Greece and identified genetic lineages based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding. At the same time, we recorded various abiotic parameters and local pollution parameters using a series of in vitro assays to then characterize the Grinnellian niches of the morphospecies (i.e., Gammarus roeselii sensu lato) as well as each genetic lineage. Local pollution can be a significant factor explaining current and future distributions in times of increasing production and release of chemicals into surface waters. RESULTS We identified five spatially structured genetic lineages in our dataset that differed to varying degrees in their Grinnellian niche. In some cases, the niches were very similar despite the geographical separation of lineages, supporting the hypothesis of niche conservatism while being allopatrically separated. In other cases, we found a small niche that was clearly different from those of other genetic lineages. CONCLUSION The variable niches and overlaps of different dimensions make the G. roeselii species complex a promising model system to further study ecological, phenotypic and functional differentiation within this species complex. In general, our results show that the Grinnellian niches of genetically distinct molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) within a cryptic species complex can differ significantly between each other, calling for closer inspection of cryptic species in a conservational and biodiversity context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kabus
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sarah Cunze
- Department of Integrative Parasitology and Zoophysiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Dombrowski
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ioannis Karaouzas
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Spase Shumka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Jonas Jourdan
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Wagner-Deyriès M, Varignier L, Revel M, Delhaye T, Rondeau D, Coutellec MA, McCairns RJS. Variation of Tolerance to Isothiazolinones Among Daphnia pulex Clones. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:805-814. [PMID: 36661281 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Isothiazolinones are a family of broad-spectrum biocides widely used in industry and consumer products. Chloro- and methyl-isothiazolinones (CMIT and MIT) are documented as strong irritants, yet they are still used in a wide variety of applications, including cosmetics, cleansers, hygienic products, and various industrial applications. The subsequent substantial release of these molecules from urban sources into freshwater environments, and their potential impacts on aquatic species, have nevertheless received little attention so far, with few studies reporting on the toxicity of either CMIT or MIT to nontarget organisms. The present study addresses this current knowledge gap by evaluating the acute toxicity to Daphnia pulex (Cladocera) of CMIT/MIT (3:1) and MIT, the two formulations most commonly used by manufacturers. In addition, genetic diversity is known to be a major component of variability in phenotypic responses, although it is largely overlooked in typical toxicity tests. Thus the potential range of responses inherent to genetic diversity is rarely considered. Therefore, to account for intraspecific variations in sensitivity, our design involved eight clonal lines of D. pulex stemming from distinct natural populations or commercial strains. Clones exhibited strong variation in their responses, with median lethal concentration (LC50) values ranging from 0.10 to 1.84 mg/L for the mixture CMIT/MIT, and from 0.68 to 2.84 mg/L for MIT alone. These intraspecific ranges of LC50 values challenge the use of single clones of daphnids in standard ecotoxicological tests and the predictions based on their results. The present study brings new evidence that assessing ecological risk of chemicals while ignoring genotype diversity is neither ecologically relevant, nor a representative evaluation of the diversity of potential adverse outcomes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:805-814. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Wagner-Deyriès
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
| | - Léa Varignier
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Revel
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Delhaye
- Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6164, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - David Rondeau
- Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6164, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
| | - R J Scott McCairns
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
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Somogyvári D, Farkas A, Mörtl M, Győri J. Behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by acute clothianidin and imidacloprid exposure in the killer shrimp, Dikerogammarus villosus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 261:109421. [PMID: 35908639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are widely used insecticides around the world and are preserved permanently in soils and appear in surface waters posing an increased threat to ecosystems. In the present study, we exposed adult specimens of amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus to environmentally relevant and higher concentrations of two widely used agricultural neonicotinoids, clothianidin (CLO) and imidacloprid (IMI), for 2 days. The acute effects were investigated at the behavioral (immobility time and swimming activity) and biochemical (glutathione S-transferase [GST] and acetylcholine esterase [AchE] activity) levels. All CLO concentrations used (64 nM, 128 nM, 192 nM) significantly decreased the immobility time and swimming activity. In the case of IMI, the immobility time decreased significantly only at the highest concentration applied (977 nM), but the distance travelled by the animals significantly decreased even at lower concentrations (78 nM and 313 nM). The GST enzyme activity did not change in the CLO-treated groups, however, the 626 nM and 977 nM IMI concentrations significantly increased the GST activity. Similarly, to the behavioral level, all CLO concentrations significantly decreased the AchE activity. In contrast, IMI has a significant stimulating effect on the AchE activity at the 313 nM, 626 nM, and 977 nM concentrations. Based on the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects of CLO and IMI at environmentally-relevant concentrations on D. villosus. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the physiological effects of neonicotinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Somogyvári
- Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Safety, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, Hungary; Research Group of Limnology, Centre of Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, 8200, Hungary.
| | - Anna Farkas
- Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Safety, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Mária Mörtl
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Győri
- Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Safety, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, Hungary
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Ishimota M, Kodama M, Tomiyama N. Possible enzymatic mechanism underlying chemical tolerance and characteristics of tolerant population in Scapholeberis kingi. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:18989-19002. [PMID: 34705208 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To determine the potential effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms inhabiting a realistic environment, we explored the characteristics and mechanisms of chemical tolerance in Scapholeberis kingi(Cladocera). We established a chemical-tolerant population via continuous exposure to pirimicarb, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and examined the effects of pirimicarb concentration on the intrinsic growth rates (r) of tolerant cladocerans. We also explored the association between r and feeding rate and tested the involvement of antioxidant enzymes [peroxidase (PO) and superoxide dismutase] and AChE in pirimicarb sensitivity. S. kingi was continuously exposed to lethal and sublethal pirimicarb concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/L) for 15 generations, and changes (half maximal effective concentration at 48 h, 48 h-EC50) in chemical sensitivity were investigated. In the F14 generation, the sensitivity of the 10 µg/L group was three times lower than that of the control group, suggesting the acquisition of chemical tolerance. Moreover, r was significantly and negatively correlated with 48 h-EC50, suggesting a fitness cost for tolerance. Surprisingly, there was no significant correlation between r and feeding rate. There was a weak but significant positive correlation between each enzyme activity and the 48 h-EC50 value (p < 0.05). Thus, oxidative stress regulation and enhanced AChE may be involved in the acquisition of chemical tolerance in cladocerans. These findings will help elucidate the characteristics and mechanisms of chemical tolerance in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishimota
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, 4321, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan.
| | - Mebuki Kodama
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, 4321, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan
| | - Naruto Tomiyama
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, 4321, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan
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11
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Siddique A, Shahid N, Liess M. Multiple Stress Reduces the Advantage of Pesticide Adaptation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15100-15109. [PMID: 34730333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Under global change scenarios, multistress conditions may occur regularly and require adaptation. However, the adaptation to one stressor might be associated with the increased sensitivity to another stressor. Here, we investigated the ecological consequences of such trade-off under multiple stress. We compared the pesticide tolerance of the crustacean Gammarus pulex from agricultural streams with populations from reference streams. Under optimum temperature, G. pulex from agricultural streams were considerably more tolerant to pesticides as compared to the reference populations. Here, we assume that the increased tolerance in agricultural populations is the combination of acclimation, epigenetic effect, and genetic evolution. After experimental pre-exposure to very low concentration (LC50/1000), reference populations showed increased pesticide tolerance. In contrast, pre-exposure did not further increase the tolerance of agricultural populations. Moreover, these populations were more sensitive to elevated temperature alone due to the hypothesized fitness cost of genetic adaptation to pesticides. However, both reference and agricultural populations showed a similar tolerance to the combined stress of pesticides and warming due to stronger synergistic effects in adapted populations. As a result, pesticide adaptation loses its advantage. The combined effect was predicted well using the stress addition model, developed for predicting the synergistic interaction of independent stressors. We conclude that under multistress conditions, adaptation to pesticides reduces the general stress capacity of individuals and trade-off processes increase the sensitivity to additional stressors. This causes strong synergistic effects of additional stressors on pesticide-adapted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Siddique
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research─UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Naeem Shahid
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research─UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Street 13, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Matthias Liess
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research─UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
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Shahid N, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Siddique A, von Bergen M, Liess M. Pesticide-induced metabolic changes are amplified by food stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148350. [PMID: 34153767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In natural ecosystems, long-term detrimental effects of pesticides may occur at very low concentrations, below those considered safe by the governmental risk assessment. Mechanisms potentially responsible for this unexpected sensitivity include environmental stress-factors such as food deficiency. To understand this so called "effect-paradox", we investigated how food stress interacts with insecticide-induced biochemical fingerprints. Therefore, we measured metabolomic perturbations in Daphnia magna following a 24 h exposure to esfenvalerate under high and low food conditions. In total, 160 metabolites covering the groups of amino acids, fatty acids, lipids, and sugars were analyzed. At 0.001 μg/L esfenvalerate - a factor of >200 below the acute lethal concentration (LC50) - the endogenous metabolome was significantly affected. Further, the effect under low food conditions was considerably stronger compared to high food conditions. Individual metabolites showed up to 7-fold stronger effects under low food conditions. In general, the metabolomic changes were largely dose-specific and increased over seven days after contamination. We conclude that the metabolic profiles are altered for at least seven days after a pulse exposure, and therefore might be a key process to understanding population level changes at ultra-low pesticide concentrations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Shahid
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max‑von‑Laue‑Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100 Vehari, Pakistan.
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular System Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ayesha Siddique
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular System Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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13
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Becker JM, Russo R, Shahid N, Liess M. Drivers of pesticide resistance in freshwater amphipods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139264. [PMID: 32485446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic invertebrates exposed to pesticides may develop pesticide resistance. Based on a meta-analysis we revealed environmental factors driving the magnitude of resistance in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex in the field. We showed that (i) insecticide tolerance of G. pulex increased with pesticide contamination in agricultural streams generally by a factor of up to 4. Tolerance increased even at concentrations lower than what is considered safe in regulatory risk assessment (ii) The increase in insecticide tolerance was pronounced at high test concentrations; comparing the LC50 of populations therefore potentially underestimates the development of resistance. (iii) Insecticide resistance in agricultural streams diminished during the spraying season, suggesting that adverse effects of sublethal concentrations in the short term contrast long-term adaptation to insecticide exposure. (iv) We found that resistance was especially high in populations characterized not only by high pesticide exposure, but also by large distance (>3.3 km) from non-polluted stream sections and by low species diversity within the invertebrate community. We conclude that the test concentration, the timing of measurement, distance to refuge areas and species diversity mediate the observed response of aquatic communities to pesticide pollution and need to be considered for the sustainable management of agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias Martin Becker
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Renato Russo
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Naeem Shahid
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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