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Muleia R, Maúre G, José A, Maholela P, Adjei IA, Karim MR, Trigo S, Kutane W, Inlamea O, Kazembe LN, Marrufo T. Assessing the Vulnerability and Adaptation Needs of Mozambique's Health Sector to Climate: A Comprehensive Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:532. [PMID: 38791752 PMCID: PMC11120973 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Climate change poses severe consequences, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where poverty rates may escalate by 2050 without significant climate and development action. The health impacts are diverse, encompassing communicable and non-communicable diseases. Mozambique, a climate-vulnerable nation, has experienced significant natural disasters in the past 42 years, impacting its health system. This study aims to assess Mozambique's health sector's vulnerability and adaptation needs to climate change. Following a methodology proposed by the World Health Organization and the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, a six-step vulnerability and adaptation assessment was conducted to conduct the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI) for Mozambique's regions (n=161). The HVI integrates historical climate, epidemiological, and socio-economic data at the district level, and was computed using exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity dimensions. The results revealed spatial patterns in exposure to climate variables, extreme weather events, and variations in sensitivity and adaptive capacity across the country. The HVI mirrored the exposure findings. Notably, high vulnerability was observed in several districts, while major urban centers displayed lower vulnerability. These findings highlight the country's vulnerability to climate change and underscore the potential for adverse impacts on livelihoods, the economy, and human health. The study provides a foundation for developing strategies and adaptation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Muleia
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 0101-11, Mozambique
| | - Genito Maúre
- Department of Physics, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 0101-11, Mozambique;
| | - Américo José
- Department of Health Observation, National Institute of Health, Maputo 0205-02, Mozambique; (A.J.); (P.M.); (O.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Plácida Maholela
- Department of Health Observation, National Institute of Health, Maputo 0205-02, Mozambique; (A.J.); (P.M.); (O.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Isaac Akpor Adjei
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi AK-869, Ghana;
| | - Md. Rezaul Karim
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh;
| | - Sónia Trigo
- World Health Organization Country Office, Maputo 280, Mozambique; (S.T.); (W.K.)
| | - Waltaji Kutane
- World Health Organization Country Office, Maputo 280, Mozambique; (S.T.); (W.K.)
| | - Osvaldo Inlamea
- Department of Health Observation, National Institute of Health, Maputo 0205-02, Mozambique; (A.J.); (P.M.); (O.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Lawrence N. Kazembe
- Department of Computing, Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Namibia, Private Bag, Windhoek 13301, Namibia;
| | - Tatiana Marrufo
- Department of Health Observation, National Institute of Health, Maputo 0205-02, Mozambique; (A.J.); (P.M.); (O.I.); (T.M.)
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Siiba A, Kangmennaang J, Baatiema L, Luginaah I. The relationship between climate change, globalization and non-communicable diseases in Africa: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297393. [PMID: 38394170 PMCID: PMC10889617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are considered the 21st Century's major health and development challenges. Both pose a disproportionate burden on low- and middle-income countries that are unprepared to cope with their synergistic effects. These two challenges pose risks for achieving many of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and are both impacted by globalization through different pathways. While there are important insights on how climate change and or globalization impact NCDs in the general literature, comprehensive research that explores the influence of climate change and or globalization on NCDs is limited, particularly in the context of Africa. This review documents the pathways through which climate change and or globalization influence NCDs in Africa. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in eight electronic databases-Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Global Health Library, Science Direct, Medline, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. A total of 13864 studies were identified. Studies that were identified from more than one of the databases were automatically removed as duplicates (n = 9649). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a total of 27 studies were eventually included in the final review. We found that the impacts of climate change and or globalization on NCDs act through three potential pathways: reduction in food production and nutrition, urbanization and transformation of food systems. Our review contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the impact of climate change and or globalization on human health. We believe that our findings will help enlighten policy makers working on these pathways to facilitate the development of effective policy and public health interventions to mitigate the effects of climate change and globalization on the rising burden of NCDs and goal 3 of the SDG, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhassan Siiba
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Kangmennaang
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonard Baatiema
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana Legon, Greater Accra Region, Ghana
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac Luginaah
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
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Wright CY, Kapwata T, Naidoo N, Asante KP, Arku RE, Cissé G, Simane B, Atuyambe L, Berhane K. Climate Change and Human Health in Africa in Relation to Opportunities to Strengthen Mitigating Potential and Adaptive Capacity: Strategies to Inform an African "Brains Trust". Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:7. [PMID: 38312714 PMCID: PMC10836170 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Africa faces diverse and complex population/human health challenges due to climate change. Understanding the health impacts of climate change in Africa in all its complexity is essential for implementing effective strategies and policies to mitigate risks and protect vulnerable populations. This study aimed to outline the major climate change-related health impacts in Africa in the context of economic resilience and to seek solutions and provide strategies to prevent or reduce adverse effects of climate change on human health and well-being in Africa. Methods For this narrative review, a literature search was conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases. We also searched the reference lists of retrieved articles for additional records as well as reports. We followed a conceptual framework to ensure all aspects of climate change and health impacts in Africa were identified. Results The average temperatures in all six eco-regions of Africa have risen since the early twentieth century, and heat exposure, extreme events, and sea level rise are projected to disproportionately affect Africa, resulting in a larger burden of health impacts than other continents. Given that climate change already poses substantial challenges to African health and well-being, this will necessitate significant effort, financial investment, and dedication to climate change mitigation and adaptation. This review offers African leaders and decision-makers data-driven and action-oriented strategies that will ensure a more resilient healthcare system and safe, healthy populations-in ways that contribute to economic resiliency. Conclusions The urgency of climate-health action integrated with sustainable development in Africa cannot be overstated, given the multiple economic gains from reducing current impacts and projected risks of climate change on the continent's population health and well-being. Climate action must be integrated into Africa's development plan to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, protect vulnerable populations from the detrimental effects of climate change, and promote economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caradee Y. Wright
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thandi Kapwata
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Natasha Naidoo
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Raphael E. Arku
- School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA
| | - Guéladio Cissé
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lynn Atuyambe
- Makerere University, School of Public Health, Uganda
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Sarkar SM, Dhar BK, Fahlevi M, Ahmed S, Hossain MJ, Rahman MM, Gazi MAI, Rajamani R. Climate Change and Aging Health in Developing Countries. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200246. [PMID: 37635700 PMCID: PMC10448126 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The climate of the Earth has changed throughout history. Climate change negatively impacts human rights in a wide range of ways. The study aims to find out the impact of climate change on aging health in developing countries. The study found that public health will be devastated if climate change continues unabated. Countries that are least responsible for global warming are most susceptible to the effects of higher temperatures, such as death and disease. In low- and middle-income countries, disasters are more likely to happen to people aged 60 and over. Although climate change affects all of us, older people are especially at risk from it, as evidenced by a growing body of research. The study also offers countermeasures and suggestions to develop aging health in developing countries affected by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bablu Kumar Dhar
- Department of Business AdministrationDaffodil International UniversityDhakaSavar1340Bangladesh
- Business Administration DivisionMahidol University International CollegeMahidol UniversitySalaya73170Thailand
| | - Mochammad Fahlevi
- Management DepartmentBINUS Online LearningBina Nusantara UniversityJakarta11480Indonesia
| | - Selim Ahmed
- World School of BusinessWorld University of BangladeshDhakaDhaka1230Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of PharmacyState University of Bangladesh77 Satmasjid Road, DhakaDhanmondi1205Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Meshbahur Rahman
- Department of BiostatisticsNational Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM)Dhaka 1212Bangladesh
| | | | - Ranjithkumar Rajamani
- Faculty of Health and Life SciencesINTI International UniversityPersiaran Perdana BBN, Putra NilaiNilaiNegeri Sembilan71800Malaysia
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Oyeyemi AL, Mabry R, Wachira LJ, Gomes A, De Siqueira G. Editorial: Addressing the impact of urbanization on health and well-being in African and Asian cities. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1193519. [PMID: 37457249 PMCID: PMC10345835 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1193519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adewale L. Oyeyemi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - Lucy-Joy Wachira
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alexandra Gomes
- LSE Cities, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gustavo De Siqueira
- Department of Urban Planning and Architectural Design, German University of Technology in Oman, Halban, Oman
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Moreira RP, de Oliveira FBB, de Araujo TL, Morais HCC, Cavalcante TF, Gomez MBS, Felício JF, de Oliveira Ferreira G. Health Interventions for Preventing Climate-Sensitive Diseases: Scoping Review. J Urban Health 2022; 99:519-532. [PMID: 35467327 PMCID: PMC9187784 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-022-00631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Climate variations cause public health problems, but the literature is still scarce on studies involving health interventions against climate-sensitive diseases. The objective of this review was to identify health interventions for the prevention of such diseases. We conducted a scoping review using the JBI Methodology. Six large research databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Embase, and Cochrane). The following inclusion criterion was used: studies addressing health interventions to prevent climate-sensitive diseases or consequences of climate on people's health. The exclusion criteria consisted of thesis, dissertations, conference proceedings, studies with unclear information/methodology, and studies not addressing climate-related health interventions. No language or date restrictions were applied. Of 733 studies identified and screened by title and abstract, 55 studies underwent full-text screening, yielding 13 studies for review. The health interventions identified were classified into three levels of management. The macro level included the use of epidemiological models, renewable energy, and policies sensitive to climate change. The meso level comprised interventions such as the creation of environmental suitability maps, urban greening, chemoprophylaxis, water security plans, and sanitation projects, among other measures. Some interventions are at the intersection, such as educational campaigns and the modification of artificial larvae sites. Finally, the micro level contained interventions such as the inspection of window screens and the use of light-colored clothing and repellents. The health interventions at the macro, meso, and micro levels and the intersection may serve as a basis for public managers to implement appropriate interventions against climate-sensitive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Pessoa Moreira
- Health Sciences Institute, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, s/n José Franco de Oliveira St., Redenção, CE 62790-970, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Breno Barbosa de Oliveira
- Health Sciences Institute, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, s/n José Franco de Oliveira St., Redenção, CE 62790-970, Brazil
| | - Thelma Leite de Araujo
- Nursing Departament, Federal University of Ceará, 1115 Alexandre Baraúna St., Fortaleza, CE 60430-160, Brazil
| | - Huana Carolina Candido Morais
- Health Sciences Institute, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, s/n José Franco de Oliveira St., Redenção, CE 62790-970, Brazil
| | - Tahissa Frota Cavalcante
- Health Sciences Institute, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, s/n José Franco de Oliveira St., Redenção, CE 62790-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Begoña Sanchez Gomez
- School of Nursing, University of La Laguna, Candelaria NS University Hospital, Canary Islands Health Service, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Janiel Ferreira Felício
- Health Sciences Institute, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, s/n José Franco de Oliveira St., Redenção, CE 62790-970, Brazil
| | - Glauciano de Oliveira Ferreira
- Health Sciences Institute, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, s/n José Franco de Oliveira St., Redenção, CE 62790-970, Brazil
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Kraef C, Juma PA, Mucumbitsi J, Ramaiya K, Ndikumwenayo F, Kallestrup P, Yonga G. Fighting non-communicable diseases in East Africa: assessing progress and identifying the next steps. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 5:bmjgh-2020-003325. [PMID: 33184064 PMCID: PMC7662421 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa has seen a rapid increase in non-communicable disease (NCD) burden over the last decades. The East African Community (EAC) comprises Burundi, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, South Sudan and Uganda, with a population of 177 million. In those countries, 40% of deaths in 2015 were attributable to NCDs. We review the status of the NCD response in the countries of the EAC based on the available monitoring tools, the WHO NCD progress monitors in 2017 and 2020 and the East African NCD Alliance benchmark survey in 2017. In the EAC, modest progress in governance, prevention of risk factors, monitoring, surveillance and evaluation of health systems can be observed. Many policies exist on paper, implementation and healthcare are weak and there are large regional and subnational differences. Enhanced efforts by regional and national policy-makers, non-governmental organisations and other stakeholders are needed to ensure future NCD policies and implementation improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kraef
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark .,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Danish NCD Alliance, Copenhagen, Denmark.,East Africa NCD Alliance, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Pamela A Juma
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.,NCD Alliance Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Mucumbitsi
- East Africa NCD Alliance, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.,Rwanda NCD Alliance, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Kaushik Ramaiya
- East Africa NCD Alliance, Kampala, Uganda.,Shree Hindu Mandal Hospital, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.,Tanzania NCD Alliance, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Francois Ndikumwenayo
- East Africa NCD Alliance, Kampala, Uganda.,University of Burundi, Bujumbura, Bujumbura Mairie Province, Burundi.,Burundi NCD Alliance, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Per Kallestrup
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Danish NCD Alliance, Copenhagen, Denmark.,East Africa NCD Alliance, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gerald Yonga
- East Africa NCD Alliance, Kampala, Uganda.,NCD Alliance Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.,University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Vardoulakis S, Salmond J, Krafft T, Morawska L. Urban environmental health interventions towards the Sustainable Development Goals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141530. [PMID: 32827895 PMCID: PMC7411506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all by 2030. Since the majority of the global population lives in cities, it is crucial to identify, evaluate and implement urban interventions (such as zero carbon housing, active transport, better urban connectivity, air pollution control, clean household fuels, and protection from heat and flood events) that will improve health and wellbeing and make our natural and built environment more sustainable. This Virtual Special Issue (VSI) comprises of 14 diverse case studies, methods and tools that provide suggestions for interventions which directly or indirectly support the achievement of the UN SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Vardoulakis
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Salmond
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Krafft
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001 Australia
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Kraef C, Juma P, Kallestrup P, Mucumbitsi J, Ramaiya K, Yonga G. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Non-communicable Diseases-A Wake-up Call for Primary Health Care System Strengthening in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Prim Care Community Health 2020; 11:2150132720946948. [PMID: 32734822 PMCID: PMC7432973 DOI: 10.1177/2150132720946948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Strengthening Primary Health Care Systems is the most effective policy
response in low-and middle-income countries to protect against health
emergencies, achieve universal health coverage, and promote health and
wellbeing. Despite the Astana declaration on primary health care,
respective investment is still insufficient in Sub-Sahara Africa. The
SARS-CoV-2019 pandemic is a reminder that non-communicable diseases
(NCDs), which are increasingly prevalent in Sub-Sahara Africa, are
closely interlinked to the burden of communicable diseases,
exacerbating morbidity and mortality. Governments and donors should
use the momentum created by the pandemic in a sustainable and
effective way by pivoting health spending towards primary health
care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kraef
- Aarhus University, Denmark.,University of Heidelberg, Germany.,Danish NCD Alliance, Copenhagen, Denmark.,East Africa NCD Alliance, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Pamela Juma
- East Africa NCD Alliance, Kampala, Uganda.,Best FutureResearch Consultants, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Per Kallestrup
- Aarhus University, Denmark.,Danish NCD Alliance, Copenhagen, Denmark.,East Africa NCD Alliance, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Mucumbitsi
- Rwanda NCD Alliance, Kigali, Rwanda.,University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Gerald Yonga
- NCD Alliance Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.,Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya.,University of Nairobi, Kenya
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