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Qiu X, Ma S, Pan J, Cui Q, Zheng W, Ding L, Liang X, Xu B, Guo X, Rillig MC. Microbial metabolism influences microplastic perturbation of dissolved organic matter in agricultural soils. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrad017. [PMID: 38365242 PMCID: PMC10811734 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
An estimated 258 million tons of plastic enter the soil annually. Joining persistent types of microplastic (MP), there will be an increasing demand for biodegradable plastics. There are still many unknowns about plastic pollution by either type, and one large gap is the fate and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) released from MPs as well as how they interact with soil microbiomes in agricultural systems. In this study, polyethylene MPs, photoaged to different degrees, and virgin polylactic acid MPs were added to agricultural soil at different levels and incubated for 100 days to address this knowledge gap. We find that, upon MP addition, labile components of low aromaticity were degraded and transformed, resulting in increased aromaticity and oxidation degree, reduced molecular diversity, and changed nitrogen and sulfur contents of soil DOM. Terephthalate, acetate, oxalate, and L-lactate in DOM released by polylactic acid MPs and 4-nitrophenol, propanoate, and nitrate in DOM released by polyethylene MPs were the major molecules available to the soil microbiomes. The bacteria involved in the metabolism of DOM released by MPs are mainly concentrated in Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota, and fungi are mainly in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Our study provides an in-depth understanding of the microbial transformation of DOM released by MPs and its effects of DOM evolution in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Qiu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sirui Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianrui Pan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qian Cui
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ling Ding
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Baile Xu
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin 14195, Germany
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Zhu WZ, Wang SH, Wang DZ, Feng WH, Li B, Zhang HH. Contrasting effects of different light regimes on the photoreactivities of allochthonous and autochthonous chromophoric dissolved organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138823. [PMID: 37232197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) plays an important role in ultraviolet (UV) light absorption in the ocean. CDOM is known to originate from either an allochthonous or autochthonous source and has varying compositions and levels of reactivity; however, the effects of individual radiation treatments and the combined effects of UVA and UVB on allochthonous and autochthonous CDOM remain poorly understood. Thus, here, we measured changes in the common optical properties of CDOM collected from China's marginal seas and the Northwest Pacific, using full-spectrum, UVA (315-400 nm), and UVB (280-315 nm) irradiation to induce photodegradation over the same time period (60 h). Excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) identified four components: marine humic-like C1, terrestrial humic-like C2, soil fulvic-like C3, and tryptophan-like C4. Although the behaviours of these components during full-spectrum irradiation exhibited similar decreasing tendencies, three components (C1, C3, and C4) underwent direct photodegradation under UVB exposure, whereas C2 was more susceptible to UVA degradation. The diverse photoreactivities of the source-dependent components to different light treatments led to differing photochemical behaviours of other optical indices [aCDOM(355), aCDOM(254), SR, HIX, and BIX]. The results indicate that irradiation preferentially reduced the high humification degree or humic substance content of allochthonous DOM, and promoted the transformation from the allochthonous humic DOM components to recently produced components. Although values for the samples from different sources overlapped frequently, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the overall optical signatures could be linked to the original CDOM source features. The degradation of CDOM humification, aromaticity, molecular weight, and autochthonous fractions under exposure can drive the CDOM biogeochemical cycle in marine environments. These findings can aid in a better understanding of the effects of different combinations of light treatments and CDOM characteristics on CDOM photochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhuo Zhu
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Shu-Heng Wang
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - De-Zhong Wang
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Wei-Hua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Oceanography, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People' s Republic of China, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China; Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Liu Y, Zhou S, Fu Y, Sun X, Li T, Yang C. Characterization of dissolved organic matter in biochar derived from various macroalgae (Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, and Chlorophyta): Effects of pyrolysis temperature and extraction solution pH. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161786. [PMID: 36706994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) can provide deep insight into potential applications of biochar. Herein, biochar from six macroalgae (Phaeophyta-Sargassum fusiforme, Sargassum thunbergii, and Sargassum vachellianum; Rhodophyta-Grateloupia turuturu and Chondria crassicaulis; and Chlorophyta-Ulva pertusa) were subjected to pyrolysis at different temperatures (200 °C-500 °C). The effects of pyrolysis temperature and extraction solution pH on the characteristics of the macroalgal biochar-derived DOM (MBDOM) were investigated via fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. Five humic-like substances and one protein-like substance were identified. The distributions of the six PARAFAC components depended on the macroalgae species, pyrolysis temperature, and extraction solution pH. The proportion of the protein-like substance (0 %-46.77 %) was less than that of the humic-like substances (100 %-53.23 %) in a given MBDOM regardless of the extraction solution pH values. Fluorescence spectral indicators show that DOM from macroalgal biochar is more autochthonous and humified than that from the corresponding biomass. Hierarchical cluster analysis and redundancy analysis results further show that the macroalgae species, pyrolysis temperature, and extraction solution pH jointly affect DOM characteristics with varying contribution levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China; Marine and Fishery institute of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China; Marine and Fishery institute of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Xiumei Sun
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China; Marine and Fishery institute of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China; Marine and Fishery institute of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Chenghu Yang
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China; Marine and Fishery institute of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Wen L, Yang F, Li X, Liu S, Lin Y, Hu E, Gao L, Li M. Composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in wastewater treatment plants influent affects the efficiency of carbon and nitrogen removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159541. [PMID: 36265625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a critical role in receiving, removing, and discharging dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic systems. To date, understanding the composition and fate of DOM in different WWTPs with various environmental and socioeconomic conditions is limited. This study analyzed DOM components in the influent and effluent samples from 49 WWTPs in China using EEM-PARAFAC and ESI-FT-ICR-MS methods. The influencing factors of DOM components in the influent were also analyzed. Geographic location and GDP showed significant (p < 0.05) correlations with DOM components in the influent. The removal efficiency of DOM in WWTPs was closely related to the DOM compositions, where carbohydrates, lipids, and protein-like components (removal efficiencies > 75 %) were more readily decomposed than the humic-like components, lignin, and tannin. The relative fraction of humic-like compound C3 in the influent was correlated negatively with total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in WWTPs (p < 0.05). Besides, the relative fraction of DOM containing the element sulfur also showed significant negative correlations with the humification of DOM (p < 0.05). The results from EEM-PARAFAC and ESI-FT-ICR-MS methods showed no obvious correlation for the DOM characterizations except for humic-like fluorescent fraction C3 and lignin, while significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) between the aromatic index (AI_mod) from the ESI-FT-ICR-MS analysis and the humification index (HIX) from spectrofluorimetry. This supports the use of these spectral indexes as simple surrogates to represent part chemical compositions in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Siwan Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yuye Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - En Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- South East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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Bai Y, Zhang S, Mu E, Zhao Y, Cheng L, Zhu Y, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Ding A. Characterizing the spatiotemporal distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Yongding River Basin: Insights from flow regulation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116476. [PMID: 36323113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Artificial flow regulation is an important measure to alleviate water shortages and improve the ecological quality of river basins. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle and regulates biogeochemical and ecological processes in aquatic systems. Among the numerous studies on the effects of anthropogenic activities on the quality and quantity of river DOM, few studies have focused on the influence of different artificially regulated flow on the composition, source, and fate of fluvial DOM. This study aims to elucidate the impact of different artificial regulation modes of river flows on the source, migration, and transformation of DOM. The optical properties of DOM were used to explore the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of DOM in the Yongding River Basin, where artificial regulation of river flows by cross-basin and inner-basin water transfers were implemented. Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis revealed four fluorescent substances of DOM in the water: one microbial humic-like (C1), one terrestrial humic-like (C2), one non-point source pollution humic-like (C4), and one tryptophan-like (C3) substance. Due to cross-basin water transfer from the Yellow River, the flow is the highest (21.79 m3/s) during spring, which was the reason that the signal of C2 was stronger during spring (71.45 QSU) compared to summer (57.12 QSU) and autumn (51.78 QSU). Due to inner-basin water transfer from upstream reservoirs, C3 derived from autochthonous sources were higher during autumn (130.81 QSU) than during spring (77.17 QSU) and summer (93.16 QSU). With no water transfer, more C1 were present at higher temperatures during summer (141.51 QSU) than during spring (126.73 QSU) and autumn (128.8 QSU). Moreover, C4 originating from urban and/or agricultural non-point source runoff increased during summer (57.07 QSU) than during spring (33.29 QSU) and autumn (52.27 QSU) because of increased rainfall. The different modes of artificial regulation of river flows changed the hydrological characteristics of the basin, which in turn altered the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the quantity and quality of DOM. The finding of this study can help promote the development of appropriate management strategies for artificial regulation of river flows in the basin. Furthermore, this study provides a basis for investigating the effects of different artificial flow regulations on the carbon cycles and ecological risks of rivers in the basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Bai
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shurong Zhang
- Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Enlin Mu
- Water Resources Management Center of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yinjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Lirong Cheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yumin Yuan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Aizhong Ding
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Peer S, Vybornova A, Saracevic Z, Krampe J, Zessner M, Zoboli O. Enhanced statistical evaluation of fluorescence properties to identify dissolved organic matter dynamics during river high-flow events. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158016. [PMID: 35973545 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy has become a widely used technique to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) and organic hazardous micro-pollutants in natural and human-influenced water bodies. Especially in rivers highly impacted by municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants' effluents, the fluorescence signal at low-flow is mainly dominated by these discharges. At river high-flow, their influence decreases due to dilution effects, and at the same time, other compounds of DOM, stemming from diffuse inputs, can increase or even dominate. Therefore, whereas the analysis of DOM is little informative on the changing sources and pathways of emissions, fluorescence spectroscopy can enhance our understanding and our possibilities of monitoring such dynamics in river catchments. This paper analyzed samples from seven high-flow events in an Austrian river. Firstly, independent DOM components were discriminated using a parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to show the varying composition of DOM during different phases of high-flow events. Furthermore, partial least squares (PLS) and sparse PLS (sPLS) regression were applied to identify excitation and emission wavelengths, serving as proxy parameters for quantifying dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chloride. The PLS models show the best prediction accuracy but use the entire excitation-emission matrix in exchange. In selecting predictors, the use of excitation and emission wavelengths adjusted via sPLS is superior to the extracted PARAFAC components. The sPLS model yields 16 wavelength combinations for DOC (RMSEsPLS = 0.41 mg L-1) and 18 wavelength combinations for chloride (RMSEsPLS = 2.21 mg L-1). In contrast to other established optical measurement methods, which require different calibrations for low- and high-flow conditions, these models based on sPLS succeed in quantifying those parameters across the entire range of flow conditions and events of various magnitudes with a relative precision of about 5 %. These results show how the application of multivariate statistical techniques enhances the exploitation of the information provided by fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Peer
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anastassia Vybornova
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zdravka Saracevic
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Krampe
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Zessner
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ottavia Zoboli
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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Li JL, Duan L, Wu Y, Ahmad M, Yin LZ, Luo XQ, Wang X, Fang BZ, Li SH, Huang LN, Wu JX, Mou XZ, Wang P, Li WJ. Unraveling microbe-mediated degradation of lignin and lignin-derived aromatic fragments in the Pearl River Estuary sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133995. [PMID: 35176304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are one of the most crucial areas for the transformation and burial of terrestrial organic carbon (TerrOC), playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. While the transformation and degradation of TerrOC are mainly driven by microorganisms, the specific taxa and degradation processes involved remain largely unknown in estuaries. We collected surface sediments from 14 stations along the longitudinal section of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), P. R. China. By combining analytical chemistry, metagenomics, and bioinformatics methods, we analyzed composition, source and degradation pathways of lignin/lignin-derived aromatic fragments and their potential decomposers in these samples. A diversity of bacterial and archaeal taxa, mostly those from Proteobacteria (Deltaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria etc.), including some lineages (e.g., Nitrospria, Polyangia, Tectomicrobia_uc) not previously implicated in lignin degradation, were identified as potential polymeric lignin or its aromatic fragments degraders. The abundance of lignin degradation pathways genes exhibited distinct spatial distribution patterns with the area adjacent to the outlet of Modaomen as a potential degradation hot zone and the Syringyl lignin fragments, 3,4-PDOG, and 4,5-PDOG pathways as the primary potential lignin aromatic fragments degradation processes. Notably, the abundance of ferulic acid metabolic pathway genes exhibited significant correlations with degree of lignin oxidation and demethylation/demethoxylization and vegetation source. Additionally, the abundance of 2,3-PDOG degradation pathways genes also showed a positive significant correlation with degree of lignin oxidation. Our study provides a meaningful insight into the microbial ecology of TerrOC degradation in the estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling-Zi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Shan-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Nan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Xue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Mou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, 44242, Ohio, USA
| | - Pandeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Retelletti Brogi S, Cossarini G, Bachi G, Balestra C, Camatti E, Casotti R, Checcucci G, Colella S, Evangelista V, Falcini F, Francocci F, Giorgino T, Margiotta F, Ribera d'Alcalà M, Sprovieri M, Vestri S, Santinelli C. Evidence of Covid-19 lockdown effects on riverine dissolved organic matter dynamics provides a proof-of-concept for needed regulations of anthropogenic emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152412. [PMID: 34923016 PMCID: PMC9752488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fast spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus in Italy resulted in a 3-months lockdown of the entire country. During this period, the effect of the relieved anthropogenic activities on the environment was plainly clear all over the country. Herein, we provide the first evidence of the lockdown effects on riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics. The strong reduction in anthropogenic activities resulted in a marked decrease in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in the Arno River (-44%) and the coastal area affected by its input (-15%), compared to previous conditions. The DOM optical properties (absorption and fluorescence) showed a change in its quality, with a shift toward smaller and less aromatic molecules during the lockdown. The reduced human activity and the consequent change in DOM dynamics affected the abundance and annual dynamics of heterotrophic prokaryotes. The results of this study highlight the extent to which DOM dynamics in small rivers is affected by secondary and tertiary human activities as well as the quite short time scales to return to the impacted conditions. Our work also supports the importance of long-term research to disentangle the effects of casual events from the natural variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Cossarini
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale. Sgonico (TS), Italy.
| | - G Bachi
- Istituto di Biofisica, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Balestra
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale. Sgonico (TS), Italy.
| | - E Camatti
- Istituto di Biofisica, CNR, Pisa, Italy; Istituto di Scienze Marine, CNR, Venezia, Italy.
| | - R Casotti
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - S Colella
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, CNR, Roma, Italy.
| | | | - F Falcini
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, CNR, Roma, Italy.
| | - F Francocci
- Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, CNR, Roma, Italy.
| | - T Giorgino
- Istituto di Biofisica, CNR. Milano, Italy.
| | - F Margiotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy.
| | - M Ribera d'Alcalà
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy; Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, CNR, Roma, Italy.
| | - M Sprovieri
- Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, CNR. Campobello di Mazara (TP), Italy.
| | - S Vestri
- Istituto di Biofisica, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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9
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Wang XY, Yang QP, Tian SJ, Song FH, Guo F, Huang NN, Tan WQ, Bai YC. Photochemical Reactivity of Humic Substances in an Aquatic System Revealed by Excitation-Emission Matrix Fluorescence. Front Chem 2021; 9:679286. [PMID: 34124005 PMCID: PMC8193985 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.679286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The photochemical reactivity of humic substances plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle, and influences the toxicity, mobility, and bioavailability of contaminants by altering their molecular structure and the mineralization of organic carbon to CO2. Here, we examined the simulated irradiation process of Chinese standard fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) by using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI), parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis, and kinetic models. Humic-like and fulvic-like materials were the main materials (constituting more than 90%) of both FA and HA, according to the FRI analysis. Four components were identified by the PARAFAC analysis: fulvic-like components composed of both carboxylic-like and phenolic-like chromophores (C1), terrestrial humic-like components primarily composed of carboxylic-like chromophores (C2), microbial humic-like overwhelming composed of phenolic-like fluorophores (C3), and protein-like components (C4). After irradiation for 72 h, the maximum fluorescence intensity (F max) of C1 and C2 of FA was reduced to 36.01-58.34%, while the F max of C3 of both FA and HA also decreased to 0-9.63%. By contrast, for HA, the F max of its C1 and C2 increased to 236.18-294.77% when irradiated for 72 h due to greater aromaticity and photorefractive tendencies. The first-order kinetic model (R 2 = 0.908-0.990) fitted better than zero-order kinetic model (R 2 = 0-0.754) for the C1, C2, and C3, of both FA and HA, during their photochemical reactivity. The photodegradation rate constant (k 1) of C1 had values (0.105 for FA; 0.154 for HA) that surpassed those of C2 (0.059 for FA, 0.079 for HA) and C3 (0.079 for both FA and HA) based on the first-order kinetic model. The half-life times of C1, C2, and C3 ranged from 6.61-11.77 h to 4.50-8.81 h for FA and HA, respectively. Combining an excitation-emission matrix with FRI and PARAFAC analyses is a powerful approach for elucidating changes to humic substances during their irradiation, which is helpful for predicting the environmental toxicity of contaminants in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi-Peng Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi-Jie Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Fan-Hao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan-Nan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Tan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying-Chen Bai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Pađan J, Marcinek S, Cindrić AM, Santinelli C, Retelletti Brogi S, Radakovitch O, Garnier C, Omanović D. Organic Copper Speciation by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry in Estuarine Waters With High Dissolved Organic Matter. Front Chem 2021; 8:628749. [PMID: 33634075 PMCID: PMC7901884 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.628749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of copper (Cu) speciation and its bioavailability in natural waters is an important issue due to its specific role as an essential micronutrient but also a toxic element at elevated concentrations. Here, we report an improved anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) method for organic Cu speciation, intended to eliminate the important problem of surface-active substances (SAS) interference on the voltammetric signal, hindering measurements in samples with high organic matter concentration. The method relies on the addition of nonionic surfactant Triton-X-100 (T-X-100) at a concentration of 1 mg L-1. T-X-100 competitively inhibits the adsorption of SAS on the Hg electrode, consequently 1) diminishing SAS influence during the deposition step and 2) strongly improving the shape of the stripping Cu peak by eliminating the high background current due to the adsorbed SAS, making the extraction of Cu peak intensities much more convenient. Performed tests revealed that the addition of T-X-100, in the concentration used here, does not have any influence on the determination of Cu complexation parameters and thus is considered "interference-free." The method was tested using fulvic acid as a model of natural organic matter and applied for the determination of Cu speciation in samples collected in the Arno River estuary (Italy) (in spring and summer), characterized by a high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (up to 5.2 mgC L-1) and anthropogenic Cu input during the tourist season (up to 48 nM of total dissolved Cu). In all the samples, two classes of ligands (denoted as L1 and L2) were determined in concentrations ranging from 3.5 ± 2.9 to 63 ± 4 nM eq Cu for L1 and 17 ± 4 to 104 ± 7 nM eq Cu for L2, with stability constants logK Cu,1 = 9.6 ± 0.2-10.8 ± 0.6 and logK Cu,2 = 8.2 ± 0.3-9.0 ± 0.3. Different linear relationships between DOC and total ligand concentrations between the two seasons suggest a higher abundance of organic ligands in the DOM pool in spring, which is linked to a higher input of terrestrial humic substances into the estuary. This implies that terrestrial humic substances represent a significant pool of Cu-binding ligands in the Arno River estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Pađan
- Rud-er Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Marcinek
- Rud-er Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana-Marija Cindrić
- Rud-er Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Olivier Radakovitch
- CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,IRSN (Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA, Saint-Paul-Les-Durance, France
| | - Cédric Garnier
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanology, ECEM, Toulon University, La Garde, France
| | - Dario Omanović
- Rud-er Bošković Institute, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Zhuang WE, Chen W, Cheng Q, Yang L. Assessing the priming effect of dissolved organic matter from typical sources using fluorescence EEMs-PARAFAC. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128600. [PMID: 33059292 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Priming effect (PE) is increasingly recognized as an important mechanism in the microbial degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from freshwater to the ocean. However, potential PE during the mixing of DOM from different sources and the effects on different DOM constituents are still largely unknown. This study examined the PE after adding DOM from typical natural and anthropogenic sources (rainwater, fresh plant, leaf litter, and wastewater) into pre-aged river DOM, using dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurement, absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices-parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC). The plant-derived DOM had a low humic content and was dominated by benzoic acid-like and tyrosine-like fluorescent components (C4 and C5), which showed a high DOC bioavailability of 80%. DOC in rainwater and wastewater also had high bioavailabilities (45%-50%), while DOM in the leaf litter leachate showed high aromaticity, average molecular weight, and humic content but low DOC bioavailability (12%). There was generally limited PE (<5% of the initial values) on the degradation of DOC and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) for most samples. Two humic-like components (C2 and C3) showed little PE, while the humic-like C1 and C6, tyrosine-like C5, and tryptophan-like C7 showed variable PE after adding rainwater, wastewater, and plant leachate. Overall, the results revealed that the DOM from typical natural and anthropogenic sources had different composition and bioavailability, and their inputs to aquatic environments would result in variable PE on the bulk DOC and different DOM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-E Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qiong Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Liyang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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