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Chao L, Feng B, Liang H, Zhao X, Song J. Particulate matter and inflammatory skin diseases: From epidemiological and mechanistic studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167111. [PMID: 37716690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and toxicological studies have confirmed that exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) could affect our cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Recent studies have shown that PM can penetrate the skin and cause skin inflammation, but the evidence is limited and contradictory. As the largest outermost surface of the human body, the skin is constantly exposed to the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between PM and inflammatory skin diseases. Most epidemiological studies have provided positive evidence for outdoor, indoor, and wildfire PM and inflammatory skin diseases. The effects of PM exposure during pregnancy and inflammatory skin diseases in offspring are heterogeneous. Skin barrier dysfunction, Oxidative stress, and inflammation may play a critical role in the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we summarize some interventions to alleviate PM-induced inflammatory skin diseases, which may contribute to public health welfare. Overall, PM is related to inflammatory skin diseases via skin barrier dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Appropriate government interventions are beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chao
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Environmental Health Section, Xinxiang Health Technology Supervision Center, School of Management, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhao
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Jie Song
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China.
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2
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Zhang Z, Yuan Q, Wang M, Hu T, Huang Y, Xiu G, Lai S, Gao Y, Lee SC. Exposure and health risk assessment of PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during winter at residential homes: A case study in four Chinese cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165111. [PMID: 37364838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Residential indoor PM2.5 were concurrently collected in Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Xi'an during the winter and early spring seasons of 2016-2017, for updating the current knowledge of the spatial variation of indoor air pollution and the potential health risks in China. PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were characterized, and the associated inhalation cancer risks were assessed by a probabilistic approach. Higher levels of indoor PAHs were identified in Xi'an residences (averaged at 176.27 ng m-3) with those of other cities ranging from 3.07 to 15.85 ng m-3. Traffic-related fuel combustion was identified as a common contributor to indoor PAHs through outdoor infiltration for all investigated cities. Indoor PAHs profiles showed city-specific differences, while distinctions between profiles based on indoor activities or ambient air quality were limited. Similar with the total PAHs concentrations, the estimated toxic equivalencies (TEQ) with reference to benzo[a]pyrene in Xi'an residences (median at 18.05 ng m-3) were above the recommended value of 1 ng m-3 and were magnitudes higher than the other investigated cities with estimated median TEQ ranging from 0.27 to 1.55 ng m-3. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) due to PAHs inhalation exposure was identified with a descending order of adult (median at 8.42 × 10-8) > adolescent (2.77 × 10-8) > children (2.20 × 10-8) > senior (1.72 × 10-8) for different age groups. Considering the lifetime exposure-associated cancer risk (LCR), potential risks were identified for residents in Xi'an as an LCR level over 1 × 10-6 was identified for half of the adolescent group (median at 8.96 × 10-7), and exceedances were identified for about 90 % of the groups of adults (10th percentile at 8.29 × 10-7) and seniors (10th percentile at 1.02 × 10-6). The associated LCR estimated for other cities were relatively insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhi Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Tafeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guangli Xiu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Senchao Lai
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Shun Cheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
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Johnes C, Sharpe RA, Menneer T, Taylor T, Nestel P. Using Sensor Data to Identify Factors Affecting Internal Air Quality within 279 Lower Income Households in Cornwall, South West of England. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1075. [PMID: 36673833 PMCID: PMC9858683 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Poor air quality affects health and causes premature death and disease. Outdoor air quality has received significant attention, but there has been less focus on indoor air quality and what drives levels of diverse pollutants in the home, such as particulate matter, and the impact this has on health; (2) Methods: This study conducts analysis of cross-sectional data from the Smartline project. Analyses of data from 279 social housing properties with indoor sensor data were used to assess multiple factors that could impact levels of particulate matter. T-Tests and Anova tests were used to explore associations between elevated PM2.5 and building, household and smoking and vaping characteristics. Binary logistic regression was used to test the association between elevated particulate matter and self-reported health; (3) Results: Of the multiple potential drivers of the particulate matter investigated, smoking and vaping were significantly associated with mean PM2.5. Following multivariate analysis, only smoking remained significantly associated with higher mean concentrations. Properties in which <15 cigarettes/day were smoked were predicted to have PM2.5 concentrations 9.06 µg/m3 higher (95% CI 6.4, 12.82, p ≤ 0.001) than those in which residents were non-smokers and 11.82 µg/m3 higher (95% CI 7.67, 18.19, p ≤ 0.001) where >15 cigarettes were smoked; (4) Conclusions: A total of 25% of social housing properties in this study experienced levels of indoor PM greater than WHO guideline levels for ambient air pollution. Although there are many factors that impact air quality, in this study the main driver was smoking. This highlights the importance of targeting smoking in indoor environments in future smoking cessation and control policy and practice and of understanding how pollutants interact in the home environment. There is also a need for further research into the impact on indoor air quality of vaping, particularly due to the rise in use and uncertainty of its long-term impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Johnes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Richard A. Sharpe
- Wellbeing and Public Health Service, Cornwall Council, Truro TR1 3AY, UK
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Truro TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Tamaryn Menneer
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Truro TR1 3HD, UK
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Timothy Taylor
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Truro TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Penelope Nestel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Jung CC, Chen YH, Chou CCK. Spatial and seasonal variations in the carbon and lead isotopes of PM 2.5 in air of residential buildings and their applications for source identification. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120654. [PMID: 36375577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To understand isotope distributions of PM2.5 in residential buildings and apply them for source identification, carbon (δ13C) and lead (Pb) isotope ratios in indoor and outdoor air of residential buildings were analyzed. Moreover, factor analysis (FA) was employed to investigate sources, which were compared through isotopic analyses. The average δ13C values of indoor air are -26.94 ± 1.22‰ and -27.04 ± 0.44‰ in warm (August to October) and cold (February to March) seasons, respectively, and the corresponding values for outdoor air are -26.77 ± 0.54‰ and -26.57 ± 0.39‰. The average 206Pb/207Pb (208Pb/207Pb) ratios of indoor air are 1.1584 ± 0.0091 (2.4309 ± 0.0125) and 1.1529 ± 0.0032 (2.4227 ± 0.0081) in warm and cold seasons, respectively, and the corresponding values for outdoor air are 1.1594 ± 0.0069 (2.4374 ± 0.0103) and 1.1538 ± 0.0077 (2.4222 ± 0.0085). Seasonal variation in δ13C values or Pb isotope ratios of indoor air was not significant, and similar results were obtained for outdoor air. Significant differences were not observed between δ13C values or Pb isotope ratios of indoor and outdoor air. Traffic emission is the major contributor to indoor and outdoor PM2.5 based on isotopic analyses; this result was consistent with the results of FA. The δ13C values of indoor air in buildings with poor ventilation conditions were significantly lighter than those of outdoor air. In summary, the spatial and seasonal variations of isotopes were similar in residential buildings, which can be used to identify sources of indoor PM2.5, and ventilation condition is an influencing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Jung
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Hsueh Chen
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
| | - Charles C-K Chou
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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5
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A systematic literature review on indoor PM2.5 concentrations and personal exposure in urban residential buildings. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10174. [PMID: 36061003 PMCID: PMC9434053 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μm (PM2.5) is currently a major air pollutant that has been raising public attention. Studies have found that short/long-term exposure to PM2.5 lead detrimental health effects. Since people in most region of the world spend a large proportion of time in dwellings, personal exposure to PM2.5 in home microenvironment should be carefully investigated. The objective of this review is to investigate and summary studies in terms of personal exposure to indoor PM2.5 pollutants from the literature between 2000 and 2021. Factors from both outdoor and indoor environment that have impact on indoor PM2.5 levels were explicated. Exposure studies were verified relating to individual activity pattern and exposure models. It was found that abundant investigations in terms of personal exposure to indoor PM2.5 is affected by factors including concentration level, exposure duration and personal diversity. Personal exposure models, including microenvironment model, mathematical model, stochastic model and other simulation models of particle deposition in different regions of human airway are reviewed. Further studies joining indoor measurement and simulation of PM2.5 concentration and estimation of deposition in human respiratory tract are necessary for individual health protection.
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Gao Y, Wang Q, Li L, Dai W, Yu J, Ding L, Li J, Xin B, Ran W, Han Y, Cao J. Optical properties of mountain primary and secondary brown carbon aerosols in summertime. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150570. [PMID: 34582869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brown carbon (BrC) can affect atmospheric radiation due to its strong absorption ability from the near ultraviolet to the visible range, thereby influencing global climate. However, given the complexity of BrC's chemical composition, its optical properties are still poorly understood, especially in mountainous areas. In this study, the black carbon (BC) tracer method is used to explore the light-absorbing properties of primary and secondary BrC at Mount Hua, China during the 2018 summer period. The primary BrC absorption contributes to 10-15% of the total BrC absorption at a wavelength of 370 nm. From the positive matrix factorization analysis, traffic emissions are found to be a major source of primary BrC absorption (44%), followed by industry and biomass-burning emissions (29%). The secondary BrC accounts for 87% of the total BrC absorption at a wavelength of 370 nm, indicating that BrC is dominated by secondary formation. The observation of a higher secondary BrC absorption diurnal pattern at Mount Hua can be affected by secondary BrC in the residual layer after sunrise and the formation of light-absorbing chromophores by photochemical oxidation in the afternoon. The estimated average mass absorption efficiencies of primary and secondary BrC (MAE_pri and MAE_sec, respectively) are 0.4 m2/g and 2.1 m2/g at wavelengths of 370 nm, respectively, indicating a stronger light-absorbing ability for secondary BrC than for primary BrC. There is no significant difference in MAE_pri within a daily variation, but the daytime MAE_sec value is higher than that during the night. Our study shows that secondary BrC is important to light absorption in mountainous areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station, China.
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wenting Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jinjiang Yu
- Huashan Meteorological Station, Weinan 714000, China
| | - Limin Ding
- Huashan Meteorological Station, Weinan 714000, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Bo Xin
- Weinan Meteorological Administration, Weinan 714000, China
| | - Weikang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yongming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station, China
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Li J, Xu W, Li Z, Duan M, Ouyang B, Zhou S, Lei L, He Y, Sun J, Wang Z, Du L, Sun Y. Real-time characterization of aerosol particle composition, sources and influences of increased ventilation and humidity in an office. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:1364-1376. [PMID: 33876836 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most of human exposure to atmospheric pollutants occurs indoors, and the components of outdoor aerosols may have been changed in the way before reaching indoor spaces. Here we conducted real-time online measurements of mass concentrations and chemical composition of black carbon and the non-refractory species in PM2.5 in an occupied office for approximately one month. The open-close windows and controlled dampness experiments were also performed. Our results show that indoor aerosol species primarily originate from outdoors with indoor/outdoor ratio of these species typically less than unity except for certain organic aerosol (OA) factors. All aerosol species went through filtration upon transport indoors. Ammonium nitrate and fossil fuel OA underwent evaporation or particle-to-gas partitioning, while less oxidized secondary OA (SOA) underwent secondary formation and cooking OA might have indoor sources. With higher particulate matter (PM) mass concentration outdoors than in the office, elevated natural ventilation increased PM exposure indoors and this increased exposure was prolonged when outdoor PM was scavenged. We found that increasing humidity in the office led to higher indoor PM mass concentration particularly more oxidized SOA. Overall, our results highlight that indoor exposure of occupants is substantially different from outdoor in terms of mass concentrations and chemical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minzheng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Cambri Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Singh G, Prakash J, Ray SK, Yawar M, Habib G. Development and evaluation of air pollution-linked quality of life (AP-QOL) questionnaire: insight from two different cohorts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43459-43475. [PMID: 33835344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the air pollution-related quality of life (AP-QOL) questionnaire was carried out in two geographically and economically different groups including New Delhi (Megacity) and Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh (town), and APE scores were linked with respiratory and cardiovascular illness. The APE-Score was developed by AP-QOL questionnaire responses using Delphi technique and further analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). For reliability of APE-Score and AP-QOL questionnaire, α-Cronbach's test and basic statistics were performed. The linear mixed-effect model and odds ratios were used to evaluate air pollution exposure and health outcomes. Overall, 720 academicians and 276 security guards were invited to participate in the questionnaire. Cronbach's α coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.84 indicated significant reliability in the AP-QOL questionnaire conducted in this study. Substantial variation in respiratory symptoms and their medical history were found - 76.9% ([95% confidential interval (CI)]: (- 83.8, - 66.9) (p < 0.05)) and - 28.6% (95% CI: (- 37.8, - 18.0) (p < 0.05)), respectively, with interquartile range (IQR) increase of APE score. The odds ratios (ORs) of respiratory medical history (MH Res.) showed a significant increase from 1.01 to 1.35 for low to high air pollution exposure in the academic group of IIT Delhi. Interestingly, for an academic group of NITH, the ORs for medical history of cardiovascular (MH Card.) showed an increase from 1.08 to 1.13 for low to high APE which was not the case for IIT Delhi academicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
- Department of Local Self-Government, Barmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
- Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Ray
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, India
| | - Mohammad Yawar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Gazala Habib
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Temporal Variation and Source Analysis of Carbonaceous Aerosol in Industrial Cities of Northeast China during the Spring Festival: The Case of Changchun. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11090991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbonaceous aerosol, one of the major components of atmospheric aerosols, significantly affects haze episodes, climate change, and human health. Northeastern China suffers severe air pollution, especially in some periods (e.g., the Spring Festival). However, studies on carbonaceous aerosols in typical northeast industrial cities (i.e., Changchun) are rare, limiting further comprehension of the atmospheric haze formation. In this study, we monitored the concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols (i.e., OC and EC) in Changchun during the Lunar New Year of 2018 (i.e., from Lunar 20 December to Lunar 20 January), and analyzed the temporal variation and source contributions via the HYbrid-Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model with the potential source contribution factor weights (PSCF) method. The daily concentrations of OC and EC were 9.00 ± 2.81 and 1.57 ± 0.46 µg m−3, respectively, and were significantly lower at nighttime than at the day during the Spring Festival. The concentrations during the major period (i.e., OC: 8.13 ± 2.93 µg m−3; EC: 1.47 ± 0.47 µg m−3 in festival days), including the Lunar Little New Year; the Lunar New Year’s Eve; New Year’s Day; Lunar 5 January, and the Spring Lantern Festival, were mainly from the northwestward with the wind speed of 4–6 m/s being lower than that of normal period (OC: 9.87 ± 2.46 µg m−3; EC: 1.67 ± 0.44 µg m−3) from the southeastward with a wind speed of 6–7 m/s. The direction of the airflow trajectory was mainly in local, northwestward, and northward, carrying particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. In major period, the daily concentration of atmospheric pollutants presented a bimodal trend, with peaks appearing regularly from 11:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. 10:00 p.m., which might be related to traffic, cooking, and firecrackers. The OC/EC was greater than 2 during the whole period, indicating the generation of secondary organic aerosols (i.e., SOC). This study was essential to understand the formation mechanisms of severe pollution episodes and develop control measures for the industrial cities of Northeast China during the Spring Festival.
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