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Liu Y, Yuan J, Li Y, Bi Y, Prusky DB. The sensor protein AaSho1 regulates infection structures differentiation, osmotic stress tolerance and virulence via MAPK module AaSte11-AaPbs2-AaHog1 in Alternaria alternata. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1594-1607. [PMID: 38680872 PMCID: PMC11047198 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The high-osmolarity-sensitive protein Sho1 functions as a key membrane receptor in phytopathogenic fungi, which can sense and respond to external stimuli or stresses, and synergistically regulate diverse fungal biological processes through cellular signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the biological functions of AaSho1 in Alternaria alternata, the causal agent of pear black spot. Targeted gene deletion revealed that AaSho1 is essential for infection structure differentiation, response to external stresses and synthesis of secondary metabolites. Compared to the wild-type (WT), the ∆AaSho1 mutant strain showed no significant difference in colony growth, morphology, conidial production and biomass accumulation. However, the mutant strain exhibited significantly reduced levels of melanin production, cellulase (CL) and ploygalacturonase (PG) activities, virulence, resistance to various exogenous stresses. Moreover, the appressorium and infection hyphae formation rates of the ∆AaSho1 mutant strain were significantly inhibited. RNA-Seq results showed that there were four branches including pheromone, cell wall stress, high osmolarity and starvation in the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade pathway. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that AaSho1 activates the MAPK pathway via AaSte11-AaPbs2-AaHog1. These results suggest that AaSho1 of A. alternata is essential for fungal development, pathogenesis and osmotic stress response by activating the MAPK cascade pathway via Sho1-Ste11-Pbs2-Hog1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dov B. Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization Volcani Center Information Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Spangenberg JE, Zufferey V. Soil management affects carbon and nitrogen concentrations and stable isotope ratios in vine products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162410. [PMID: 36842594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Weeds reduce vineyard productivity and affect grape quality by competing with grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) for water and nutrients. The increased banning of herbicides has prompted the evaluation of alternative soil management strategies. Cover cropping seems to be the best alternative for weed management. However, it may impact vine growth, grape yield, and quality. Quantitative studies on these changes are scarce. Our study aimed to investigate the combined effect of grass cover and water availability on vines of three cultivars, the white Chasselas and Petite Arvine and the red Pinot noir field-grown under identical climatic and pedological conditions and grafted onto the same rootstock. Soil management and irrigation experiments were performed during the 2020-2021 seasons. Two extreme soil management practices were established in the vineyard, based on 100 % bare soil (BS) by the application of herbicides with glufosinate or glyphosate as active ingredients and 100 % grass-covered soil (GS) by cover cropping with a mixture of plant species. Two water statuses were imposed by drip irrigation (DI) and no irrigation (NI). The level of vine-weed competition for water and nitrogen (N) was assessed in the vine, must, and wine solid residues (WSRs) by comparing measurements, i.e., the yeast assimilable N content, C/NWSR, carbon and N isotope ratios (δ13Cgrape-sugars, δ13CWSR, and δ15NWSR) among the different treatments (BS-DI, BS-NI, GS-DI, GS-NI). The increase in the δ13Cgrape-sugars and δ13CWSR values with increasing plant water deficit mimicked the observations in irrigation experiments on BS. The NWSR content and δ15NWSR values decreased with water stress and much more strongly in vines on GS. The dramatic N deficit in rainfed vines on GS could be alleviated with irrigation. The present study provides insights from chemical and stable isotope analyses into the potential impact of cover cropping in vineyards in the context of the banning of herbicides in a time of global water scarcity due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Spangenberg
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Vivian Zufferey
- Research Center of Viticulture, Agroscope, CH-1009 Pully, Switzerland
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Pérez-Diz M, Rodríguez-Addesso B, Hussain MI, Rodríguez J, Novoa A, González L. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions provide new insights into the phenotypic plasticity of the invasive species Carpobrotus sp. pl. in different coastal habitats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162470. [PMID: 36842586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The genus Carpobrotus N.E.Br. comprises several aggressive invasive species that threaten biodiversity in coastal areas worldwide. We studied the phenotypic plasticity of Carpobrotus sp. pl. invading four coastal habitats in the north-western Iberian Peninsula (coastal cliffs, disturbed areas, dunes and coastal forests). We measured morphological traits and carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope compositions of Carpobrotus sp. pl. individuals collected in each habitat. Our results indicated that leaf carbon content (% C) and dry shoot weight were higher on cliffs and lower in mixed forests. In contrast, leaf hydration was higher in mixed forests and lower on cliffs. Leaf nitrogen content (% N) was higher in forests, which might be due to the presence of Acacia longifolia, an alien tree that accumulates N in the soil through symbiotic associations with N fixing bacteria. Differences in δ15N showed the use of different N sources in each habitat. Values were higher in disturbed areas with greater human activity and lower on cliffs and forests. δ13C was higher in cliffs and dunes, suggesting CAM activity where drought and salinity are more intense. Water use efficiency (iWUE) and δ13C were higher on cliffs and dunes, suggesting an adaptation and high tolerance of Carpobrotus sp. pl. to unfavourable conditions such as drought or salinity in the invaded areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pérez-Diz
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Berea Rodríguez-Addesso
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Jonatan Rodríguez
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; CRETUS, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ana Novoa
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Luís González
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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Ma L, Chen C, Cotrozzi L, Bu C, Luo J, Yao G, Chen G, Zhang W, Nali C, Lorenzini G. The Effects of Elevated Tropospheric Ozone on Carbon Fixation and Stable Isotopic Signatures of Durum Wheat Cultivars with Different Biomass and Yield Stability. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223185. [PMID: 36432912 PMCID: PMC9695353 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) enrichment caused by human activities can reduce important crop yields with huge economic loss and affect the global carbon cycle and climate change in the coming decades. In this study, two Italian cultivars of durum wheat (Claudio and Mongibello) were exposed to O3 (80 ppb, 5 h day-1 for 70 consecutive days), with the aim to investigate the changes in yield and biomass, ecophysiological traits, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values in plants, and to compare the stable isotope responses under environmental stressors. Both cultivars showed a relative O3 tolerance in terms of photosynthetic performance, but in cultivar Mongibello, O3 was detrimental to the grain yield and plant biomass. The δ13C values in the leaves of plants identified that the impact of O3 on CO2 fixation by RuBisCO was dominant. The δ15N value showed significant differences between treatments in both cultivars at seven days from the beginning of the exposure, which could be considered an early indicator of ozone pollution. Under increasingly frequent extreme climates globally, the relationships among stable isotope data, ecophysiological traits, and agronomic parameters could help breed future cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chengcheng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiahong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guodong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guangyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Nitrogen Dynamics and Sweet Potato Production under Indigenous Soil Moisture Conservation Practices in the Leeward Kohala Field System, Hawai’i Island. SOIL SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems6010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intensive cultivation of ‘uala (sweet potato) in the Leeward Kohala field system on Hawai’i Island supported substantial populations of Native Hawaiians prior to its abandonment in the 19th century. Productivity is influenced by the heterogeneity of the climate and biogeochemical soil characteristics across the substantial ecological gradient. Agricultural infrastructure and associated practices were developed to manage crop production eventuating from the variation in inter- and intra-annual rainfall. Mechanisms of sustaining soil nitrogen (N) are still unclear; however, a pronounced source of N is soil organic matter decomposition. This study investigated in situ the effects of indigenous Hawaiian mulching practices against two control treatments on soil moisture and temperature dynamics to facilitate N mineralization in soil mounds cultivated with ‘uala. Field experiments were set in two agricultural restoration plots with distinct climatic and soil characteristics. Data included soil moisture and temperature, soil and plant N, growth and development of ‘uala, and real-time weather data. Concurrently, N mineralization was also investigated under controlled conditions. All indigenous mulching treatments were found to significantly increase soil moisture, regulate temperature variation, and improve N availability compared to control. Differences in soil properties between treatments translated to significant differences in above-ground biomass. The data suggest that these differences would extend to tuber production, but the use of a long-gestation variety limited tuber production in the study. Increased temperatures in the controlled experiments were observed to increase inorganic N significantly, but less substantially than soil moisture. Indigenous practices in the region could have greatly mitigated plant stress due to moisture, temperature, and N availability, increasing productivity and reducing the variability of the Leeward Kohala Field System.
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Worne S, Lacey JH, Barr C, Schulz C, Leng MJ. Assessment of bias in carbon isotope composition of organic leaf matter due to pre-analysis milling methods. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021:e9134. [PMID: 34087023 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable isotope analysis of leaf material has many applications including assessment of plant water-use efficiency and palaeoclimatology. To facilitate interpretations of small shifts in the carbon isotope composition (δ13 C) of leaves, accurate and repeatable results are required. Pre-sample homogenisation is essential to ensure a representative sample is analysed, but can also introduce error. METHODS We investigate how different grinding methods (freezer-milling and ball-milling) affect the carbon content and δ13 C of tree leaves from a wetland in Queensland, Australia, commenting on how increased temperature, sample contamination, sample loss or poor homogenisation may impact results. RESULTS No alteration of leaf δ13 C is observed due to different milling methods, although there may be a significant increase in %C of samples processed using ball-milling. CONCLUSIONS We suggest %C variability is possibly due to contamination from abraded plastic vials or insufficient homogenisation during ball-milling, with no significant impact on δ13 C. Overall, we suggest that intermittent ball-milling may be the best solution to reduce costs, preparation time and use of liquid nitrogen, aiming to achieve complete homogenisation using the shortest possible duration of milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Worne
- British Geological Survey, National Environmental Isotope Facility, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Jack H Lacey
- British Geological Survey, National Environmental Isotope Facility, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Cameron Barr
- Department of Geography, Environment and Population, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Cameron Schulz
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Brisbane City, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Melanie J Leng
- British Geological Survey, National Environmental Isotope Facility, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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Spangenberg JE, Schweizer M, Zufferey V. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope variations in leaves of two grapevine cultivars (Chasselas and Pinot noir): Implications for ecophysiological studies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:45-54. [PMID: 33812226 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the within- and between-leaf variability in the carbon and nitrogen isotope composition (δ13C and δ15N) and total nitrogen (TN) content in two grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera cv. Chasselas and Pinot noir) field-grown under rain-fed conditions. The within-leaf variability was studied in discs sampled from base-to-tip and left and right regions from the margin to midrib. The intra- and interplant variability was studied by comparing leaves at different positions along the shoot (basal, median, apical). In leaves from both cultivars, a decrease in δ13C from base to tip was observed, which is in line with an upward gradient of stomatal density and chlorophyll concentration. Less important, but still significant differences were observed between the right and left discs. The leaf TN and δ15N values differed between cultivars, showed smaller variations than the δ13C values, and no systematic spatial trends. The intraleaf variations in δ13C, δ15N, and TN suggest that stomatal behavior, CO2 fixation, chlorophyll concentrations, and the chemical composition of leaf components were heterogeneous in the leaves. At the canopy scale, the apical leaves had less 13C and more 15N and TN than the basal leaves, indicating differences in their photosynthetic capacity and remobilizations from old, senescing leaves to younger leaves. Overall, this study demonstrates patchiness in the δ13C and δ15N values of grapevine leaves and species-specificity of the nitrogen assimilation and 15N fractionation. These findings suggest that care must be taken not to overinterpret foliar δ13C and δ15N values in studies based on fragmented material as markers of physiological and biochemical responses to environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Spangenberg
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Schweizer
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vivian Zufferey
- Institute of Plant Production Sciences (IPV), Agroscope, CH-1009, Pully, Switzerland
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Foscari A, Leonarduzzi G, Incerti G. N uptake, assimilation and isotopic fractioning control δ 15N dynamics in plant DNA: A heavy labelling experiment on Brassica napus L. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247842. [PMID: 33705458 PMCID: PMC7951814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In last decades, a large body of evidence clarified nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) patterns in plant leaves, roots and metabolites, showing isotopic fractionation along N uptake and assimilation pathways, in relation to N source and use efficiency, also suggesting 15N depletion in plant DNA. Here we present a manipulative experiment on Brassica napus var. oleracea, where we monitored δ 15N of purified, lyophilized DNA and source leaf and root materials, over a 60-days growth period starting at d 60 after germination, in plants initially supplied with a heavy labelled (δ 15NAir-N2 = 2100 mUr) ammonium nitrate solution covering nutrient requirements for the whole observation period (470 mg N per plant) and controlling for the labelled N species (ṄH4, ṄO3 and both). Dynamics of Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) data for the three treatments showed that: (1) leaf and root δ 15N dynamics strictly depend on the labelled chemical species, with ṄH4, ṄO3 and ṄH4ṄO3 plants initially showing higher, lower and intermediate values, respectively, then converging due to the progressive NH4+ depletion from the nutrient solution; (2) in ṄH4ṄO3, where δ15N was not affected by the labelled chemical species, we did not observe isotopic fractionation associated to inorganic N uptake; (3) δ15N values in roots compared to leaves did not fully support patterns predicted by differences in assimilation rates of NH4+ and NO3-; (4) DNA is depleted in 15N compared to the total N pools of roots and leaves, likely due to enzymatic discrimination during purine biosynthesis. In conclusion, while our experimental setup did not allow to assess the fractionation coefficient (ε) associated to DNA bases biosynthesis, this is the first study specifically reporting on dynamics of specific plant molecular pools such as nucleic acids over a long observation period with a heavy labelling technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Foscari
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Leonarduzzi
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Guido Incerti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Optimization of Vineyard Water Management: Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Water availability is endangering the production, quality, and economic viability of growing wine grapes worldwide. Climate change projections reveal warming and drying trends for the upcoming decades, constraining the sustainability of viticulture. In this context, a great research effort over the last years has been devoted to understanding the effects of water stress on grapevine performance. Moreover, irrigation scheduling and other management practices have been tested in order to alleviate the deleterious effects of water stress on wine production. The current manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in the research on optimizing water management in vineyards, including the use of novel technologies (modeling, remote sensing). In addition, methods for assessing vine water status are summarized. Moreover, the manuscript will focus on the interactions between grapevine water status and biotic stressors. Finally, future perspectives for research are provided. These include the performance of multifactorial studies accounting for the interrelations between water availability and other stressors, the development of a cost-effective and easy-to-use tool for assessing vine water status, and the study of less-known cultivars under different soil and climate conditions.
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Cavigliasso F, Dupuis C, Savary L, Spangenberg JE, Kawecki TJ. Experimental evolution of post-ingestive nutritional compensation in response to a nutrient-poor diet. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202684. [PMID: 33259760 PMCID: PMC7739944 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The geometric framework of nutrition predicts that populations restricted to a single imbalanced diet should evolve post-ingestive nutritional compensation mechanisms bringing the blend of assimilated nutrients closer to physiological optimum. The evolution of such nutritional compensation is thought to be mainly driven by the ratios of major nutrients rather than overall nutritional content of the diet. We report experimental evolution of divergence in post-ingestive nutritional compensation in populations of Drosophila melanogaster adapted to diets that contained identical imbalanced nutrient ratios but differed in total nutrient concentration. Larvae from 'Selected' populations maintained for over 200 generations on a nutrient-poor diet with a 1 : 13.5 protein : carbohydrate ratio showed enhanced assimilation of nitrogen from yeasts and reduced assimilation of carbon from sucrose than 'Control' populations evolved on a diet with the same nutrient ratio but fourfold greater nutrient concentration. Compared to the Controls, the Selected larvae also accumulated less triglycerides relative to protein. This implies that the Selected populations evolved a higher assimilation rate of amino acids from the poor imbalanced diet and a lower assimilation of carbohydrates than Controls. Thus, the evolution of nutritional compensation may be driven by changes in total nutrient abundance, even if the ratios of different nutrients remain unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Cavigliasso
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cindy Dupuis
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loriane Savary
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jorge E Spangenberg
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tadeusz J Kawecki
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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