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Javed MF, Khan M, Fawad M, Alabduljabbar H, Najeh T, Gamil Y. Comparative analysis of various machine learning algorithms to predict strength properties of sustainable green concrete containing waste foundry sand. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14617. [PMID: 38918460 PMCID: PMC11199582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of waste foundry sand (WFS) in concrete production has gained attention as an eco-friendly approach to waste reduction and enhancing cementitious materials. However, testing the impact of WFS in concrete through experiments is costly and time-consuming. Therefore, this study employs machine learning (ML) models, including support vector regression (SVR), decision tree (DT), and AdaBoost regressor (AR) ensemble model to predict concrete properties accurately. Moreover, SVR was employed in conjunction with three robust optimization algorithms: the firefly algorithm (FFA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and grey wolf optimization (GWO), to construct hybrid models. Using 397 experimental data points for compressive strength (CS), 146 for elastic modulus (E), and 242 for split tensile strength (STS), the models were evaluated with statistical metrics and interpreted using the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) technique. The SVR-GWO hybrid model demonstrated exceptional accuracy in predicting waste foundry sand concrete (WFSC) strength characteristics. The SVR-GWO hybrid model exhibited correlation coefficient values (R) of 0.999 for CS and E, and 0.998 for STS. Age was found to be a significant factor influencing WFSC properties. The ensemble model (AR) also exhibited comparable prediction accuracy to the SVR-GWO model. In addition, SHAP analysis revealed an optimal content of input variables in the concrete mix. Overall, the hybrid and ensemble models showed exceptional prediction accuracy compared to individual models. The application of these sophisticated soft computing prediction techniques holds the potential to stimulate the widespread adoption of WFS in sustainable concrete production, thereby fostering waste reduction and bolstering the adoption of environmentally conscious construction practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal Javed
- Department of Civil Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Swabi, 23640, Pakistan
- Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Majid Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Fawad
- Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hisham Alabduljabbar
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taoufik Najeh
- Operation and Maintenance, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden.
| | - Yaser Gamil
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
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He ZH, Wang B, Shi JY, Rong H, Tao HY, Jamal AS, Han XD. Recycling drinking water treatment sludge in construction and building materials: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171513. [PMID: 38460695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS) is a by-product of water treatment, and it is difficult to recycle to high value and poses potential environmental risks. Recycling DWTS into cement-based materials is an effective measure to achieve its high-volume utilization and reduce its environmental load. DWTS is rich in silica-alumina phases and has potential pozzolanic activity after drying, grinding and calcination, giving it similar properties to traditional supplementary cementitious materials. Adjusting the sludge production process and coagulant type will change its physical and chemical properties. Adding a small amount of DWTS can generate additional hydration products and refine the pore structure of the cement sample, thus improving the mechanical properties and durability of the sample. However, adding high-volume DWTS to concrete causes microstructural deterioration, but it is feasible to use high-volume DWTS to produce artificial aggregates, lightweight concrete, and sintered bricks. Meanwhile, calcined DWTS has similar compositions to clay, which makes it a potential raw material for cement clinker production. Cement-based materials can effectively solidify heavy metal ions in DWTS, and alkali-activated binders, magnesium-based cement, and carbon curing technology can further reduce the risk of heavy metal leaching. This review provides support for the high-value utilization of DWTS in cement-based materials and the reduction of its potential environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hai He
- College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jin-Yan Shi
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China.
| | - Hui Rong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hong-Yu Tao
- Yuanpei College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ahmed Salah Jamal
- Civil Engineering Department, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Xu-Dong Han
- College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
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Zhang J, Deng J, He Y, Wu J, Simões MF, Liu B, Li Y, Zhang S, Antunes A. A review of biomineralization in healing concrete: Mechanism, biodiversity, and application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170445. [PMID: 38296086 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Concrete is the main ingredient in construction, but it inevitably fractures during its service life, requiring a large amount of cement and aggregate for maintenance. Concrete healing through biomineralization can repair cracks and improve the durability of concrete, which is conducive to saving raw materials and reducing carbon emissions. This paper reviews the biodiversity of microorganisms capable of precipitating mineralization to repair the concrete and their mineralization ability under different conditions. To better understand the mass transfer process of precipitates, two biomineralization mechanisms, microbially-controlled mineralization and microbially-induced mineralization, have been briefly described. The application of microorganisms in the field of healing concrete, comprising passive healing and intrinsic healing, is discussed. The key insight on the interaction between cementitious materials and microorganisms is the main approach for developing novel self-healing concrete in the future to improve the corrosion resistance of concrete. At the same time, the limitations and challenges are also pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China; Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China; Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, China
| | - Jixin Deng
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Marta Filipa Simões
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China; China National Space Administration, Macau Center for Space Exploration and Science, Macau SAR, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjian Li
- Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shengen Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - André Antunes
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China; China National Space Administration, Macau Center for Space Exploration and Science, Macau SAR, China; China-Portugal Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Space & Sea Technology Advanced Research, China.
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4
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Zhang S, Yuan Q, Ni J, Zheng K, Xu Y, Zhang J. CO 2 utilization and sequestration in ready-mix concrete-A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168025. [PMID: 37875204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
CO2 utilization and sequestration in concrete have been gaining increased attention in recent years. CO2 can be injected into ready-mix concrete, which is defined as carbonation ready-mix concrete (CRC) showing a huge CO2 sequestration potential. CRC technology was comprehensively reviewed in this paper. Firstly, the methods of CRC technology in lab and industrial production were summarized. Then, special attentions were paid to the hydration reaction combined with the carbonation reaction in CRC. The factors affecting the capacity of CO2 sequestration in CRC were also discussed. Furthermore, the workability, mechanical property, and durability of CRC were evaluated. Finally, based on life cycle assessment (LCA), the CO2 footprint and carbon index of CRC were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhui Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China; National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha 410075, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China; National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha 410075, China.
| | - Jun Ni
- Jiangsu Shuanglong Group Co., LTD, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Keren Zheng
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China; National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha 410075, China
| | - Jiaoling Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China; National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha 410075, China
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Li X, Mehdizadeh H, Ling TC. Environmental, economic and engineering performances of aqueous carbonated steel slag powders as alternative material in cement pastes: Influence of particle size. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166210. [PMID: 37574062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The low reactivity and volume expansion issue of steel slag limits its application as alternative to cement. Studies demonstrated that aqueous carbonation (AC) can enhance the cementitious properties of finely sized steel slag as a cementitious supplementary material (SCM). However, the impact of particle size on the CO2 uptake capacity and its association of performance of carbonated steel slag remains unexplored. This study aims to optimize the grinding levels by examining the fineness of the steel slag used as SCM to reduce the high-energy consumption while maintaining the CO2 sequestration and properties of SCM. The results show that reducing the size of steel slag is favorable for CO2 sequestration (particle size 22.4-112.6 μm corresponds to sequestration of ∼88.5-37.9 kg CO2/t steel slag) and improve the leaching of Mg ions for mineralization. The life cycle assessment shows that the global warming potential of AC of steel slag is ∼96.2-24.9 kg CO2-eq/t steel slag, which can offset the carbon emissions due to further grinding. The 28-day compressive strength of the cement pastes blended with finer carbonated steel slag was also relatively higher due to the formation of mono-carboaluminates and stabilization of ettringite in facilitating the bond strength between the carbonated steel slag particle and the cement paste matrix. According to 3E (engineering, environmental and economic) triangle model, 22.4 μm steel slag powder showed the best comprehensive performance, including an increased revenue of 40.8 CNY/ton steel slag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinduo Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Hamideh Mehdizadeh
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Tung-Chai Ling
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China.
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6
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Wan R, Zha Y, Wu M, Li X, Yang H, Liu H. Long-term effective remediation of black-odorous water via regulating calcium nitrate sustained-release. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1065. [PMID: 37598137 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate addition is reported as a cost-effective method for remediating black-odorous water, which is mainly induced by the deficiency of electron acceptor. However, excessive release of nitrate and lack of long-term effectiveness significantly limited the application of direct nitrate dosing technology. Herein, for remediating black-odorous water, we constructed a nitrate sustained-release ecological concrete (ecoN-concrete), in which calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) was dosed into concrete block to regulate the release of nitrate. The results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, ammonia, phosphate, and sulfate were significantly removed in an ecoN-concrete-contained reactor fed with black-odorous water, and its removal efficiency was largely dependent on Ca(NO3)2 dosage. Meanwhile, the released nitrate was lower than 25% of its total dosage and nitrite was lower than 1.5 mg/L during 14 days remediation. After three recycles, the removal efficiencies of COD and turbidity by using ecoN-concrete were still more than 85%, indicating an excellent nitrate sustained-release performance of ecoN-concrete, which can be applied for preventing water re-blackening and re-stinking. Further investigation illustrated that the ecoN-concrete (1) decreased the abundance of Desulfovibrio, Desulfomonile, and Desulforhabdus in the phylum of Desulfobacterota to alleviate the odorous gas production and (2) significantly increased the abundance of Bacillus and Thermomonas, which utilized the released-nitrate for consuming organic matters and ammonia. This study provided an artful Ca(NO3)2 dosing strategy and long-term effective method for black-odorous water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Yunyi Zha
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Donghu Innovation Center, Anhui Phoneya Environmental Technology Co. Ltd, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hongming Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241001, China
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Luo W, Li B, Xu M, Pang C, Lester E, Xu L, Kow KW. In-situ release and sequestration of CO 2 in cement composites using LTA zeolites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162133. [PMID: 36773918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of in-situ release and sequestration of CO2 on the compressive strength, volume of permeable voids, phase change, hydration reaction, and micro-morphology of cement mortars. Two Linde Type A (LTA) zeolites with micro-pore dimensions of 5 Å and 4 Å (i.e., LTA 5A and 4A zeolites) were employed as CO2 carriers herein. The incorporation of 312 wt% plain LTA 5A and 4A zeolites increases the 1-day compressive strength of the mortars. However, the use of plain LTA 5A zeolite shows marginal contributions to the 7 and 28-day compressive strengths of the mortars, whilst using plain LTA 4A zeolite even deteriorates their 7 and 28-day compressive strengths. The micro-structural analyses reveal that the addition of LTA zeolites promotes the cement hydration and improves the mean chain length (MCL) of calcium aluminosilicate hydrates (C-A-S-H). Nevertheless, this introduces numerous weak points or even a porous structure to the cement matrix. In contrast, in-situ release of CO2 via LTA zeolites significantly enhances the compressive strengths of the mortars at various ages, as this can further facilitate the hydration evolution and improve the MCL of C-A-S-H. Moreover, in-situ release of CO2 brings an incremental content of calcium carbonates. The calcium carbonate contents in the specimens containing 12 wt% LTA 5A and 4A zeolites are increased by 5.3 wt% and 4.8 wt%, respectively. This leads to homogenous distributions of calcite with a grain size of 150600 nm. Thus, LTA 5A zeolite outperforms LTA 4A zeolite with regard to CO2 uptake and the corresponding mechanical properties. This work presents in initial exploration into the application of porous pozzolanic materials in conjunction of CO2 in cement-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Luo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang Road, Ningbo 315100, China; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang Road, Ningbo 315100, China; Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Mengxia Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang Road, Ningbo 315100, China; Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Chengheng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang Road, Ningbo 315100, China; Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Edward Lester
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Liujie Xu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Kien-Woh Kow
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang Road, Ningbo 315100, China; Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
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8
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Nayeri D, Mousavi SA. A comprehensive review on the coagulant recovery and reuse from drinking water treatment sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115649. [PMID: 35834847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main treatment unit in conventional systems for surface water is coagulation-flocculation (CF) process, which consumes huge quantities of coagulant, and produces large volume of sludge. The produced sludge is known as one of the components of water treatment sludge (WTS), which is considered as a global issue and hot topic require careful attention from the plant operators and sludge managers to be managed sustainably with applying an ecofriendly method. Among the suggested technologies, recovery and reuse of coagulants from WTS show the potential to decrease the waste disposal and chemicals usage for drinking water treatment significantly. So, this comprehensive review provides a useful insight into environmental and health problems of WTS, reports the sources, physicochemical properties of sludge, describes different sludge management methods by more focus on coagulant recovery (CR), which significantly point out the different aspects of WTS recovery and reuse, and eventually, economic evaluation of the CR process was also discussed. The results of this review confirm that coagulants can be recovered from WTS by different methods and also will be reused for multiple times in the removal of pollutants from water and wastewater. Moreover, the recovered coagulants can be used as building and construction materials, constructed wetlands substrate and other aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Nayeri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyyed Alireza Mousavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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9
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Briso A, Vega AS, Molinos-Senante M, Pastén P. Challenges and opportunities for drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) in metal-rich areas: an integrated approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:65599-65612. [PMID: 35488992 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemistry and production rate of drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) depends on the raw water composition and the plant operational parameters. DWTRs usually contain Fe and/or Al oxyhydroxides, sand, clay, organic matter, and other compounds such as metal(oids), which are relevant in mining countries. This work proposes a simple approach to identify DWTRs reuse opportunities and threats, relevant for public policies in countries with diverse geochemical conditions. Raw water pollution indexes and compositions of DWTRs were estimated for Chile as a model case. About 23% of the raw drinking water sources had moderate or seriously contamination from high turbidity and metal(loid) pollution If the untapped reactivity of clean DWRTs was used to treat resources water in the same water company, the 73 and 64% of these companies would be able to treat water sources with As and Cu above the drinking water regulations, respectively. Integrating plant operational data and the hydrochemical characteristics of raw waters allows the prediction of DWTRs production, chemical composition, and reactivity, which is necessary to identify challenges and opportunities for DWTRs management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Briso
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), El Comendador 1916, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra S Vega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), El Comendador 1916, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Molinos-Senante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), El Comendador 1916, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Pastén
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), El Comendador 1916, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Influences of CO2 Absorption under Ultrasonic Vibration and Water-Reducer Addition on the Rheological Properties of Cement Paste. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Research shows that ultrasonic vibratory stirring can effectively increase CO2 absorption by cement slurry. However, with the increase in CO2 absorption, the fluidity of slurry begins to decrease. Adding water reducer to fresh cement paste can improve its fluidity. In order to reveal the influences of ultrasonic vibration and water-reducer addition on the rheological properties of cement pastes after absorbing various amounts of CO2, changes in the rheological properties of yield stress and plastic viscosity (PV) were analysed. The results show that ultrasonic vibration can effectively increase the shear stress and PV of cement paste. Moreover, shear stress and PV are positively related to the CO2 absorption amount. Meanwhile, a new rheological model of cement paste carbonated under ultrasonic vibration was established based on the basic principles of rheology. Microstructural changes in cement paste before and after water-reducer addition were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A microrheological model of cement paste carbonated under ultrasonic vibration and with water reducer added was constructed. It describes the influencing mechanisms of ultrasonic vibration and water-reducer addition on the rheological properties of carbonated cement paste. Next, a molecular model was constructed in which CO2 was added into a C-S-H gel. Changes in intermolecular repulsion in the CO2+ C-S-H gel structure and in the CO2− water-reducer molecular structure were analysed. Finally, the rheological mechanism was further analysed in terms of the dispersion effect of the C-S-H gel. The results will play a major role in improving the fluidity of cement paste.
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11
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Lu J, Ruan S, Liu Y, Wang T, Zeng Q, Yan D. Morphological characteristics of calcium carbonate crystallization in CO 2 pre-cured aerated concrete. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14610-14620. [PMID: 35702215 PMCID: PMC9105646 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01901a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-stage CO2 curing technology for alkaline construction materials (such as cement concrete) has gained increasing interest owing to the advantages of material properties improvement and high potential of CO2 sinking. Less attention, however, has been paid to morphological characteristics of CaCO3 in carbonated cement concrete. The crystal structure and micromorphology of CaCO3 in an early-age aerated concrete (AC) cured under CO2 gas pressures of 0.1, 1, and 2 bar were investigated. The fabricated AC has a high CO2 sorption capacity (∼35 g CO2 per 100 g cement in a 100 mm cube). The morphological characteristics of CaCO3 were statistically analyzed in terms of long-axis length (b), short-axis length (a), and aspect ratio (K = b/a). As CO2 pressure increases, b is almost unchanged from 0.8–1.8 μm, a decreases from 0.7 to 0.4 μm, and, consequently, K increases from 1.3 to 2.5. The different CaCO3 crystal morphologies in AC are ascribed to the CO2 pressure-associated crystal transformation processes: low gas pressure induces a symmetric CaCO3 growth, while high gas pressure causes a faster calcite growth at the crystal tip ends. The findings would deepen the understanding of CaCO3 crystal formation under different CO2 curing pressures for tuning the microstructure of CO2-cured cement concrete. The work reports different morphological characteristics of CaCO3 formed in an early-age aerated concrete (AC) under different CO2 pressures, uncovering the physicochemical mechanisms of carbonation of cement-based materials affected by CO2 curing.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Shengqian Ruan
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Dongming Yan
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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Ilyas I, Zafar A, Javed MF, Farooq F, Aslam F, Musarat MA, Vatin NI. Forecasting Strength of CFRP Confined Concrete Using Multi Expression Programming. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237134. [PMID: 34885289 PMCID: PMC8658637 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study provides the application of a machine learning-based algorithm approach names “Multi Expression Programming” (MEP) to forecast the compressive strength of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) confined concrete. The suggested computational Multiphysics model is based on previously reported experimental results. However, critical parameters comprise both the geometrical and mechanical properties, including the height and diameter of the specimen, the modulus of elasticity of CFRP, unconfined strength of concrete, and CFRP overall layer thickness. A detailed statistical analysis is done to evaluate the model performance. Then the validation of the soft computational model is made by drawing a comparison with experimental results and other external validation criteria. Moreover, the results and predictions of the presented soft computing model are verified by incorporating a parametric analysis, and the reliability of the model is compared with available models in the literature by an experimental versus theoretical comparison. Based on the findings, the valuation and performance of the proposed model is assessed with other strength models provided in the literature using the collated database. Thus the proposed model outperformed other existing models in term of accuracy and predictability. Both parametric and statistical analysis demonstrate that the proposed model is well trained to efficiently forecast strength of CFRP wrapped structural members. The presented study will promote its utilization in rehabilitation and retrofitting and contribute towards sustainable construction material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Ilyas
- Department of Structural Engineering, Military College of Engineering (MCE), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.I.); (A.Z.)
| | - Adeel Zafar
- Department of Structural Engineering, Military College of Engineering (MCE), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.I.); (A.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Faisal Javed
- Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Furqan Farooq
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Fahid Aslam
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Ali Musarat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
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Iqbal MF, Javed MF, Rauf M, Azim I, Ashraf M, Yang J, Liu QF. Sustainable utilization of foundry waste: Forecasting mechanical properties of foundry sand based concrete using multi-expression programming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146524. [PMID: 34030334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Waste Foundry sand (WFS), a major solid waste from metal casting industry, is posing a significant environmental threat owing to its disposal to landfills. In this research, an innovative artificial intelligence technique i.e. Multi-Expression Programming (MEP) is applied to model the split tensile strength (ST) and modulus of elasticity (E) of concrete containing waste foundry sand (CWFS). The presented formulations correlate mechanical properties with four input variables i.e. w/c, foundry sand content, superplasticizer content and compressive strength. The results of statistical analysis validate the model accuracy as evident by the low values of objective function (0.033 for E and 0.052 for ST). Moreover, the average error in the predicted values is significantly low i.e. 0.287 MPa and 1.75 GPa for ST and E model, respectively. Parametric study depicts that the models are well trained to accurately predict the trends of mechanical properties with variation in mix parameters. The prediction models can promote the usage of WFS in green concrete thereby preventing waste disposal and contributing towards and sustainable construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farjad Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Civil Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23460, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Javed
- Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Momina Rauf
- Military College of Engineering, NUST, Risalpur 24080, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Azim
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Civil Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23460, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Utilization of Drinking Water Treatment Sludge as Cement Replacement to Mitigate Alkali–Silica Reaction in Cement Composites. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs4040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) attack is one of the most significant durability concerns in cement-based materials. In this paper, the drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS), which is a typical by-product from the drinking water treatment industry, was reused as supplementary cementitious material to mitigate the degradation of mortar resulting from ASR attack. DWTS was milled and calcined at 800 °C for 2 h before being used as a replacement for cement. Glass sand was used as the reactive fine aggregate. Properties of four mortar mixtures prepared with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% of calcined DWTS replacement of cement were firstly assessed, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and water sorptivity. The mortar specimens were then exposed to an ASR-attacked environment for 28 days, the changes in specimen length were monitored, and the uniformity of mortar was measured via Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). The results showed that 10% replacement significantly improved the mechanical properties of mortar. The specimens with 20% of the calcined DWTS exhibited comparable strength relative to the reference group and exhibited superior resistance to ASR attack. Additionally, a water sorptivity test showed that higher contents of the calcined DWTS can lead to lower water capillary absorption of mortar.
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