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Yang X, Zhang G, Pan G, Fan G, Zhang H, Ge X, Du M. Significant contribution of carbonyls to atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) during the winter haze pollution over North China Plain. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:377-388. [PMID: 38105063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbonyl compounds play significant roles in the cycling of radicals and have exhibited surprisingly high levels in winter that were well correlated to particulate matter, for which the reason have not been clearly elucidated. Here we measured carbonyl compounds and other trace gasses together with PM2.5 over urban Jinan in North China Plain during the winter. Markedly higher carbonyl concentrations (average: 14.63 ± 4.21 ppbv) were found during wintertime haze pollution, about one to three-times relative to those on non-haze days, with slight difference in chemical composition except formaldehyde (HCHO). HCHO (3.68 ppbv), acetone (3.17 ppbv), and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) (2.83 ppbv) were the three most abundant species, accounting for ∼75% of the total carbonylson both haze and non-haze days. Results from observational-based model (OBM) with atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) indicated that AOC significantly increased with the increasing carbonyls during the winter haze events. Carbonyl photolysis have supplied key oxidants such as RO2 and HO2, and thereby enhancing the formation of fine particles and secondary organic aerosols, elucidating the observed haze-carbonyls inter-correlation. Diurnal variation with carbonyls exhibiting peak values at early-noon and night highlighted the combined contribution of both secondary formation and primary diesel-fuel sources. 1-butene was further confirmed to be the major precursor for HCHO. This study confirms the great contribution of carbonyls to AOC, and also suggests that reducing the emissions of carbonyls would be an effective way to mitigate haze pollution in urban area of the NCP region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan 250101, China; Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan 250101, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guang Pan
- Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan 250101, China
| | - Guolan Fan
- Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan 250101, China
| | - Houyong Zhang
- Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan 250101, China
| | - Xuan Ge
- Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan 250101, China
| | - Mingyue Du
- Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan 250101, China
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2
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Liu G, Ma X, Li W, Chen J, Ji Y, An T. Pollution characteristics, source appointment and environmental effect of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: Implication for air quality management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170836. [PMID: 38346658 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Same as other bay areas, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is also suffering atmospheric composite pollution. Even a series of atmospheric environment management policies have been conducted to win the "blue sky defense battle", the atmospheric secondary pollutants (e.g., O3) originated from oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) still threaten the air quality in GBA. However, there lacks a systematic summary on the emission, formation, pollution and environmental effects of OVOCs in this region for further air quality management. This review focused on the researches related to OVOCs in GBA, including their pollution characteristics, detection methods, source distributions, secondary formations, and impacts on the atmosphere. Pollution profile of OVOCs in GBA revealed that the concentration percentage among total VOCs from Guangzhou and Dongguan cities exceeded 50 %, while methanol, formaldehyde, acetone, and acetaldehyde were the top four highest concentrated OVOCs. The detection technique on regional atmospheric OVOCs (e.g., oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs)) underwent an evolution of off-line derivatization method, on-line spectroscopic method and on-line mass spectrometry method. The OVOCs in GBA were mainly from primary emissions (up to 80 %), including vehicle emissions and biomass combustion. The anthropogenic alkenes and aromatics in urban area, and natural isoprene in rural area also made a significant contribution to the secondary emission (e.g., photochemical formation) of OVOCs. About 20 % in average of ROx radicals was produced from photolysis of formaldehyde in comparison with O3, nitrous acid and rest OVOCs, while the reaction between OVOCs and free radical accelerated the NOx-O3 cycle, contributing to 15 %-60 % cumulative formation of O3 in GBA. Besides, the heterogeneous reactions of dicarbonyls generated 21 %-53 % of SOA. This review also provided suggestions for future research on OVOCs in terms of regional observation, analytical method and mechanistic study to support the development of a control and management strategy on OVOCs in GBA and China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyao Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangyao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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3
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Zhang Y, Gao J, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Li H, Yang X, Zhong X, Zhao M, Wang W, Che F, Zhou D, Wang S, Zhi G, Xue L, Li H. Evolution of Ozone Formation Sensitivity during a Persistent Regional Ozone Episode in Northeastern China and Its Implication for a Control Strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:617-627. [PMID: 38112179 PMCID: PMC10786154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the magnitude and frequency of regional ozone (O3) episodes have increased in China. We combined ground-based measurements, observation-based model (OBM), and the Weather Research and Forecasting and Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model to analyze a typical persistent O3 episode that occurred across 88 cities in northeastern China during June 19-30, 2021. The meteorological conditions, particularly the wind convergence centers, played crucial roles in the evolution of O3 pollution. Daily analysis of the O3 formation sensitivity showed that O3 formation was in the volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited or transitional regime at the onset of the pollution episode in 92% of the cities. Conversely, it tended to be or eventually became a NOx-limited regime as the episode progressed in the most polluted cities. Based on the emission-reduction scenario simulations, mitigation of the regional O3 pollution was found to be most effective through a phased control strategy, namely, reduction of a high ratio of VOCs to NOx at the onset of the pollution and lower ratio during evolution of the O3 episode. This study presents a new possibility for regional O3 pollution abatement in China based on a reasonable combination of OBM and the WRF-CMAQ model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yujiao Zhu
- Environment
Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Nanjing CLIMBLUE Technology Co., LTD., Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Hong Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xuelian Zhong
- Environment
Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Environment
Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wan Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fei Che
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Derong Zhou
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences & School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- China
National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Guorui Zhi
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment
Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Haisheng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Chai W, Wang M, Li J, Tang G, Zhang G, Chen W. Pollution characteristics, sources, and photochemical roles of ambient carbonyl compounds in summer of Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122403. [PMID: 37595733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Ambient carbonyls are important precursors of radicals and ground-level ozone (O3). In this study, sources, precursors, and impacts on radicals and O3 of carbonyls were investigated based on online observations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at an urban site in Beijing during June 2021. Carbonyls accounted for 36% and 42% of mixing ratios and OH reactivity for total measured VOCs, respectively. Formaldehyde was the most abundant carbonyl, with the mean level of 4.13 ± 2.28 ppb. Source apportionment results based on the multi linear regression (MLR) method suggested that secondary production contributed 41%, 25%, 36%, and 30% of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, and acetone, respectively. Key precursors of carbonyls were then identified based on the calculation of their production rates. It was found that alkenes contributed 59%-80% of aldehydes production. Impacts of carbonyls on HOx radicals (OH and HO2) and O3 production were explored using a box model based on observations (OBM). Photolysis of HONO, formaldehyde, and O3 were the dominant primary sources of HOx radicals during daytime of O3 pollution days, with average relative contributions of 52%, 28%, and 19% to the total primary production rate of HOx, respectively. Aldehydes accounted for 32% (20% from formaldehyde) of average HOx removal rates. The relative incremental reactivity (RIR) values of NOx determined by the OBM were negative, suggesting that the O3-VOCs-NOx sensitivity was in the VOCs-limited regime. Using the observed concentrations of carbonyls as constraints of OBM, the absolute values of RIR for NOx tended to increase but those for anthropogenic VOCs tended to decrease. Formaldehyde showed the largest RIR value for anthropogenic VOCs during O3 pollution days. These findings indicated the important impacts of carbonyls on O3 production and O3-VOCs-NOx sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Chai
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Jingyan Li
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Guigang Tang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Guohan Zhang
- The Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Station of DEEY in Kunming, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Wentai Chen
- Nanjing Intelligent Environmental Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211800, China
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5
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Lu B, Zhang Z, Jiang J, Meng X, Liu C, Herrmann H, Chen J, Xue L, Li X. Unraveling the O 3-NO X-VOCs relationships induced by anomalous ozone in industrial regions during COVID-19 in Shanghai. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2023; 308:119864. [PMID: 37250918 PMCID: PMC10204281 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic promoted strict restrictions to human activities in China, which led to an unexpected increase in ozone (O3) regarding to nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) co-abatement in urban China. However, providing a quantitative assessment of the photochemistry that leads to O3 increase is still challenging. Here, we evaluated changes in O3 arising from photochemical production with precursors (NOX and VOCS) in industrial regions in Shanghai during the COVID-19 lockdowns by using machine learning models and box models. The changes of air pollutants (O3, NOX, VOCs) during the COVID-19 lockdowns were analyzed by deweathering and detrending machine learning models with regard to meteorological and emission effects. After accounting for effects of meteorological variability, we find increase in O3 concentration (49.5%). Except for meteorological effects, model results of detrending the business-as-usual changes indicate much smaller reduction (-0.6%), highlighting the O3 increase attributable to complex photochemistry mechanism and the upward trends of O3 due to clear air policy in Shanghai. We then used box models to assess the photochemistry mechanism and identify key factors that control O3 production during lockdowns. It was found that empirical evidence for a link between efficient radical propagation and the optimized O3 production efficiency of NOX under the VOC-limited conditions. Simulations with box models also indicate that priority should be given to controlling industrial emissions and vehicle exhaust while the VOCs and NOX should be managed at a proper ratio in order to control O3 in winter. While lockdown is not a condition that could ever be continued indefinitely, findings of this study offer theoretical support for formulating refined O3 management in industrial regions in Shanghai, especially in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Lu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zekun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiakui Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (IfT), Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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6
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Yang X, Zhang G, Hu S, Wang J, Zhang P, Zhong X, Song H. Summertime carbonyl compounds in an urban area in the North China plain: Identification of sources, key precursors and their contribution to O 3 formation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121908. [PMID: 37257807 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl compounds are critical components of volatile organic compounds. They significantly participate in the photochemical formation of atmospheric ozone and thus threaten human health. This study measured 15 C1-C8 carbonyl compounds at an urban site in Linyi, a typically industrialised city in the North China Plain (NCP). Formaldehyde (3.89 ppbv), acetaldehyde (1.66 ppbv) and acetone (2.03 ppbv) were found to be the top three carbonyl compounds, accounting for 76.11% of the total concentration of carbonyl compounds. Anthropogenic secondary formation was recognised as the main source of the top five carbonyl compounds, which included formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde, and accounted for 46-54% of all sources. Alkenes were the most important precursors of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, suggesting that reducing the emission of alkenes from anthropogenic sources is an effective way to control carbonyl compound pollution in Linyi. Furthermore, the photolysis of carbonyl compounds played a significant role (68-75%) as sources of HO2• and RO2• and thus made a significant contribution (14.6%) to the photochemical formation of O3. This study highlights the importance of anthropogenic secondary formation as a source of carbonyl compounds and provides a scientific basis for O3 pollution control in carbonyl compound-enriched cities in the NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China; Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shuhao Hu
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Xuelian Zhong
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Hengyu Song
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
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7
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Meng X, Jiang J, Chen T, Zhang Z, Lu B, Liu C, Xue L, Chen J, Herrmann H, Li X. Chemical drivers of ozone change in extreme temperatures in eastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162424. [PMID: 36868278 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone pollution has become the biggest issue in China's air pollution since particulate matters have been improved in the atmosphere. Compared with normal winter/summer, extremely cold/hot weather sustained several days and nights by unfavorable meteorology is more impactful in this regard. However, ozone changes in extreme temperatures and their driving processes remain rarely understood. Here, we combine comprehensive observational data analysis and 0-D box models to quantify the contributions of different chemical processes and precursors to ozone change in these unique environments. Analyses of radical cycling indicate that temperature accelerates OH-HO2-RO2, optimizing ozone production efficiency in higher temperatures. The HO2 + NO → OH + NO2 reaction was the most influenced by temperature change, followed by OH + VOCs → HO2/RO2. Although most reactions in ozone formation increased with temperature, the increase in ozone production rates was greater than the rate of ozone loss, leading to a fast net ozone accumulation in heat waves. Our results also show that the ozone sensitivity regime is VOC-limited in extreme temperatures, highlighting the significance of volatile organic compound (VOC) control (particularly the control of alkenes and aromatics). In the context of global warming and climate change, this study helps us deeply understand ozone formation in extreme environments and design abatement policies for ozone pollution in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Meng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiakui Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshu Chen
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Zekun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingqing Lu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (IfT), Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Qin Z, Xu B, Zheng Z, Li L, Zhang G, Li S, Geng C, Bai Z, Yang W. Integrating ambient carbonyl compounds provides insight into the constrained ozone formation chemistry in Zibo city of the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121294. [PMID: 36796669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the impact of carbonyl compounds (carbonyls) on ozone (O3) photochemical formation is crucial to formulating targeted O3 mitigation strategies. To investigate the emission source of ambient carbonyls and their integrated observational constraint on the impact of O3 formation chemistry, a field campaign was conducted in an industrial city (Zibo) of the North China Plain from August to September 2020. The site-to-site variations of OH reactivity for carbonyls were in accordance with the sequence of Beijiao (BJ, urban, 4.4 s-1) > Xindian (XD, suburban, 4.2 s-1) > Tianzhen (TZ, suburban, 1.6 s-1). A 0-D box model (MCMv3.3.1) was applied to assess the O3-precursor relationship influenced by measured carbonyls. It was found that without carbonyls constraint, the O3 photochemical production of the three sites was underestimated to varying degrees, and the biases of overestimating the VOC-limited degree were also identified through a sensitivity test to NOx emission changes, which may be associated with the reactivity of carbonyls. In addition, the results of the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model indicated that the main source of aldehydes and ketones was secondary formation and background (81.6% for aldehydes, 76.8% for ketones), followed by traffic emission (11.0% for aldehydes, 14.0% for ketones). Incorporated with the box model, we found that biogenic emission contributed the most to the O3 production at the three sites, followed by traffic emission as well as industry and solvent usage. Meanwhile, the relative incremental reactivity (RIR) values of O3 precursor groups from diverse VOC emission sources featured consistencies and differences at the three sites, which further highlights the importance of the synergetic mitigation of target O3 precursors at regional and local scales. This study will help to provide targeted policy-guiding O3 control strategies for other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Shandong Zibo Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Zibo, 255040, China
| | - Zhensen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Liming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Guotao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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9
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Hua J, Cui Y, Guo L, Li H, Fan J, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu K, He Q, Wang X. Spatial characterization of HCHO and reapportionment of its secondary sources considering photochemical loss in Taiyuan, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161069. [PMID: 36584945 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) plays an important role in atmospheric ozone (O3) formation. To accurately identify the sources of HCHO, carbonyls and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at three urban sites (Taoyuan, TY-U; Jinyuan, JY-U; Xiaodian, XD-U) and a suburban site (Shanglan, SL-B) in Taiyuan during a high O3 period (from July 20 to August 3, 2020). The average mixing ratio of HCHO at XD-U (8.1 ± 2.8 ppbv) was comparable to those at TY-U (7.4 ± 2.1 ppbv) and JY-U (7.0 ± 2.3 ppbv) but higher (p < 0.01) than that at SL-B (4.9 ± 2.3 ppbv). HCHO contributed to 54.3-59.9 % of the total ozone formation potentials (OFPs) of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) at four sites. The diurnal variation of HCHO concentrations reached a peak value at 12:00-15:00, which may be attributed to the strong photochemical reaction. To obtain more accurate source results of HCHO under the condition of photochemical loss, the initial concentrations of NMHCs were estimated based on photochemical age parameterization and incorporated into the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model (termed IC-PMF). According to the IC-PMF results, secondary formation (SF) contributed the most to HCHO at XD-U (35.6 %) and SL-B (25.1 %), whereas solvent usage (SU) (40.9 %) and coking sources (CS) (36.0 %) were the major sources at TY-U and JY-U, respectively. Compared to the IC-PMF, the conventional PMF analysis based on the observed data underestimated the contributions of SU (100.5-154.2 %) and biogenic sources (BS) (28.5-324.7 %). Further reapportionment of secondary HCHO by multiple linear regression indicated that SU dominated the sources of HCHO at SL-B (28.3 %) and TY-U (41.7 %), while industrial emissions (IE) and CS contributed the most to XD-U (26.6 %) and JY-U (43.0 %) in Taiyuan from north to south, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Hua
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yang Cui
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Lili Guo
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jie Fan
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Kankan Liu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Qiusheng He
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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10
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Sun J, He Y, Ning Y, Xue Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Ma J, Chen X, Chai F. Pollution characteristics and sources of carbonyl compounds in a typical city of Fenwei Plain, Linfen, in summer. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:120913. [PMID: 36563991 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Field measurements of atmospheric carbonyl compounds (carbonyls) and essential precursors of O3 were carried out in the urban area of Linfen City (Linfen) where serious O3 pollution has occurred in recent years due to its unique terrain. Carbonyls were sampled using an automatic carbonyl sampler in August 2019 to determine their pollution characteristics and sources. An average concentration of ten carbonyls was 27 ± 5.7 μg m-3 detected using an HPLC-UV system. The concentrations of most detected carbonyls in August were significantly higher than those in the winter months in China. Acetone, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant species, accounting for 73% of all detected carbonyls. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and methacrolein (MACR) were the most significant contributors to OH• reactivity and ozone generation, indicating that these three carbonyls were the key species influencing the production of O3. The concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and MACR showed similar diurnal variations on most days, with high values during the daytime reaching a peak at 10:00. However, the concentrations of the latter two species varied less than that of formaldehyde during the day. The acetone concentration generally increased continuously from morning to night, with the maximum value around 22:00. The C1/C2 ratio in summer was higher than that in winter. These results indicated that the carbonyls in Linfen were not only affected by anthropogenic sources such as vehicle exhaust but also by secondary photochemical production. The results of formaldehyde source apportionment showed that the contributions of background, primary, and secondary sources to the observed formaldehyde concentration were 27.6%, 36.6%, and 35.8%, respectively. Additionally, this study revealed for the first time that the vertical transport of air masses containing high concentrations of O3 and NO3 radicals above the boundary layer could increase the secondary generation of formaldehyde at night in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieya Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Zhth Research Institute for Environmental Science, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Youjiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yi Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Zhth Research Institute for Environmental Science, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hengyuan Wang
- Beijing Pengyu Changya Environmental Technology CO., Ltd., Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jinghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Fahe Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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11
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Liu T, Lin Y, Chen J, Chen G, Yang C, Xu L, Li M, Fan X, Zhang F, Hong Y. Pollution mechanisms and photochemical effects of atmospheric HCHO in a coastal city of southeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160210. [PMID: 36395845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a vital reactive carbonyl compound, which plays an important role in the photochemical process and atmospheric oxidation capacity. However, the current studies on the quantification of HCHO impacts on atmospheric photochemistry in southeast coastal areas of China with an obvious upward trend of ozone remain scarce and unclear, thus limiting the full understanding of formation mechanism and control strategy of photochemical pollution. Here, systematic field campaigns were conducted at a typical coastal urban site with good air quality to reveal HCHO mechanism and effects on O3 pollution mechanism during spring and autumn, when photochemical pollution events still frequently appeared. Positive Matrix Factorization model results showed that secondary photochemical formation made the largest contributions to HCHO (69 %) in this study. Based on the photochemical model, the HCHO loss rates in autumn were significantly higher than those in spring (P < 0.05), indicating that strong photochemical conditions constrain high HCHO levels in certain situations. HCHO mechanism increased the ROx concentrations by 36 %, and increased net O3 production rates by 31 %, manifesting that the reduction of HCHO and its precursors' emissions would effectively mitigate O3 pollution. Therefore, the pollution characteristics and photochemical effects of HCHO provided significant guidance for future photochemical pollution control in relatively clean areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Liu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiling Lin
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
| | - Gaojie Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengren Li
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Fuwang Zhang
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Fujian, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youwei Hong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
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12
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Chen S, Wei W, Chen K, Wang X, Han L, Cheng S. Diagnosis of photochemical O 3 production of urban plumes in summer via developing the real-field IRs of VOCs: A case study in Beijing of China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120836. [PMID: 36528196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study mainly developed an estimate method for photochemical ozone (O3) production from urban plumes in hot season, through simulating O3 evolution from precursors locally emitted and determining the real-field O3 increment reactivity (IR) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on the box chemical model. Our simulation on June-2019 indicated that Beijing local emissions produced O3 at the rate of 0.7-9.2 ppb/h and led to an O3 increase of 48.9 ppb during 05:00-18:00, accounting for 68.3% of the observed O3 increase. The maximum level and production rate of simulated O3 showed a linear response to VOCs, therefore we can use VOCs levels in urban plumes to quantify O3 formation in summer. The IR (g O3 formed per g VOCs) was calculated on the actual precursor and meteorology condition of this megacity, 0.12-4.90 g/g for individual VOCs and 1.49 g/g for comprehensive TVOCs. The weighted average of individual IRs agreed well with that of TVOCs, but these IRs were 34.5% of MIR values that were widely used in references. It's noteworthy that these IRs had greater sensitivity to precursor levels, and broadly remained stable under the fixed VOCs:NOx. Considering the synchronous reductions of precursors in Beijing, we applied these IRs to quantify chemical O3 evolution from Beijing local emissions in summer of recent years, declining from 63.5 ppb in 2016 to 44.0 ppb in 2020 for June. The contributions of the diagnosed chemical O3 to Beijing O3 better matched with the atmospheric transport paths on daily basis, higher than 100% when the transport paths starting from the clean neighbor cities, but lower to 45%-66% when the transport paths originating from the highly-polluted neighbor cities. This consistence indicated the reliability of our IR calculation method for quickly estimating chemical O3 production of urban plumes in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Lihui Han
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing, 100124, China
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13
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Yu W, Shen X, Wu B, Kong L, Xuan K, Zhao C, Cao X, Hao X, Li X, Zhang H, Yao Z. Real-world emission characteristics of carbonyl compounds from agricultural machines based on a portable emission measurement system. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:846-859. [PMID: 36182188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of carbonyl compounds from agricultural machines cannot be ignored. Carbonyl compounds can cause the formation of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols, which can cause photochemical smog to form. In this study, 20 agricultural machines were tested using portable emission measurement system (PEMS) under real-world tillage processes. The exhaust gases were sampled using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine cartridges, and 15 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Carbonyl compound emission factors for agricultural machines were 51.14-3315.62 mg/(kg-fuel), and were 2.58 ± 2.05, 0.86 ± 1.07 and 0.29 ± 0.20 g/(kg-fuel) for China 0, China II and China III emission standards, respectively. Carbonyl compound emission factor for sowing seeds of China 0 agricultural machines was 3.32 ± 1.73 g/(kg-fuel). Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were the dominant carbonyl compounds emitted. Differences in emission standards and tillage processes impact ozone formation potential (OFP). The mean OFP was 20.15 ± 16.15 g O3/(kg-fuel) for the China 0 emission standard. The OFP values decreased by 66.9% from China 0 to China II, and 67.4% from China II to China III. The mean OFP for sowing seeds of China 0 agricultural machines was 25.92 ± 13.84 g O3/(kg-fuel). Between 1.75 and 24.22 times more ozone was found to be formed during sowing seeds than during other processes for China 0 and China II agricultural machines. Total carbonyl compound emissions from agricultural machines in China was 19.23 Gg in 2019. The results improve our understanding of carbonyl compound emissions from agricultural machines in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Yu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xianbao Shen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Bobo Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lei Kong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kaijie Xuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xuewei Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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14
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Lu Y, Pang X, Lyu Y, Li J, Xing B, Chen J, Mao Y, Shang Q, Wu H. Characteristics and sources analysis of ambient volatile organic compounds in a typical industrial park: Implications for ozone formation in 2022 Asian Games. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157746. [PMID: 35926610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at a major industrial park in Yangtze River Delta Region, China, along with an urban site had been investigated for three years (2018-2020). The daily-mean concentration of total 97 VOCs in the industrial park (224.3 ± 139.1 μg/m3) was about twice that of urban site (112.0 ± 64.2 μg/m3). Halohydrocarbons were predominant VOCs species at both sites accounting for 39.0 % and 32.2 % in industrial and urban sites, respectively. Annual-average concentrations of total VOCs slowed down gradually in industrial park, while that of the urban site increased annually. Evident seasonal and diurnal variations were observed for VOCs concentration in both sites. Higher VOCs concentrations appeared in summer for industrial park, and high concentrations generally appeared at 8:00 and 19:00-20:00 in two sites. Diagnostic ratios of m/p-xylene to ethylbenzene indicated vehicle emissions and solvent volatilization were main sources of VOCs in industrial site during winter. Further positive matrix factorization identified fuel usage and industry source as major sources in industrial park and urban site, respectively. Ozone formation potential calculations showed aromatics contributed most to ozone formation, and benzyl chloride was a key species when its concentration was high. Further empirical kinetic modeling approach revealed ozone formation in industrial park was in VOCs-limited regime. Through air mass trajectory analysis, air pollutants especially ozone from industrial park will be transported to stadiums by northeast wind during the 2022 Asian Games. The reductions in VOCs emissions from industrials are highly recommended for ozone control in 2022 Asian Games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaobing Pang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yan Lyu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Shaoxing Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Bo Xing
- Shaoxing Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yiping Mao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qianqian Shang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Haonan Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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15
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Zhang Z, Jiang J, Lu B, Meng X, Herrmann H, Chen J, Li X. Attributing Increases in Ozone to Accelerated Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds at Reduced Nitrogen Oxides Concentrations. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac266. [PMID: 36712335 PMCID: PMC9802302 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) is an important secondary pollutant affecting climate change and air quality in the atmosphere. Observations during the COVID-19 lockdown in urban China show that the co-abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) caused winter ground-level O3 increases, but the chemical mechanisms involved are unclear. Here we report field observations in the Shanghai lockdown that reveals increasing photochemical formation of O3 from VOC oxidation with decreasing NOx. Analyses of the VOC profiles and NO/NO2 indicate that the O3 increases by the NOx reduction counteracted the O3 decreases through the VOC emission reduction in the VOC-limited region, and this may have been the main mechanism for this net O3 increase. The mechanism may have involved accelerated OH-HO2-RO2 radical cycling. The NOx reductions for increasing O3 production could explain why O3 increased from 2014 to 2020 in response to NOx emission reduction even as VOC emissions have essentially remained unchanged. Model simulations suggest that aggressive VOC abatement, particularly for alkenes and aromatics, should help reverse the long-term O3 increase under current NOx abatement conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiakui Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bingqing Lu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (IfT), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Li
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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16
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Zhang X, Wu Z, He Z, Zhong X, Bi F, Li Y, Gao R, Li H, Wang W. Spatiotemporal patterns and ozone sensitivity of gaseous carbonyls at eleven urban sites in southeastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153719. [PMID: 35149078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous carbonyls are essential trace gases for tropospheric chemistry and contribute significantly to the formation of ambient air ozone (O3) in densely populated regions, especially in China. Pollution characterization and the analysis of O3, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds (O3-NOX-VOCs) sensitivities of carbonyls were investigated from October 22 to 28, 2018 at eleven urban sites in nine cities in Fujian Province, southeastern China. The total mixing ratios of 15 kinds of gaseous carbonyls (Σ15OVOCs) was 12.15 ± 2.53 ppbv in Fujian Province. The concentrations in the eastern coastal regions were higher than those in the western mountainous regions. Formaldehyde, acetone, and acetaldehyde were the top three species of Σ15OVOCs concentration. Photochemical formation during the daytime and vehicle emission during the rush hours significantly contributed to formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. The shoe-making industry is well developed in Putian, where the acetone mixing ratio was significantly higher than in other cities. The O3-NOX-VOCs sensitivities at all urban sites were in VOC-limited or transitional regimes based on the ratios of formaldehyde to NO2; from morning to afternoon, the VOC-limited sensitivity decreased, and the NOX-limited sensitivity increased gradually. Formaldehyde contributed the most significant O3 formation potential (OFP) proportion of the Σ15OVOCs. The OFP of carbonyl species accounted for half of the total VOCs in Fuzhou and Putian, suggesting that more attention needs to be given to gaseous carbonyls control. Overall, the links inferred by this study provide evidence and clues to mitigate the increasing ambient O3 concentration on the west coast of the Taiwan Strait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhenhai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhen He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuefen Zhong
- Fujian Academy of Environmental Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Fang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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