1
|
Zhang Y, Zhang M, Qiang Y, Lu R, Che C. Estimating non-productive water losses in irrigated Platycladus orientalis plantations in semi-arid mountainous: Based on stable isotopes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173279. [PMID: 38754520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Planted forests in semi-arid regions provide invaluable ecological functions such as windbreak, sand fixation, carbon fixation, and oxygen release, improving the ecological environment and maximizing the carbon sink benefits of forests. Therefore, accurately assessing non-productive water losses in water-scarce regions is crucial for estimating water requirements of irrigation-dependent plantations. From March to October 2023, we collected the stable isotopes of precipitation, irrigation water, soil water, and other relevant data. The Craig-Gordon model was used to evaluate the non-productive water losses in irrigated Platycladus orientalis plantations, focusing on the dissipation and vertical migration process under both sufficient and insufficient water supply conditions. The results demonstrated that preferential flow and piston flow coexisted during soil water infiltration, while both types occurred under sufficient watering conditions, but piston flow dominated when there was insufficient watering. We estimated the average non-productive losses for irrigated P. orientalis plantations at 27.0 %, with peak losses up to 40.3 %. Moreover, we observed a lower rate of non-productive losses under sufficient water supply conditions (12.2 %) compared with insufficient water supply conditions (33.6 %). Our results indicated that vertical migration pathway of soil water emerged as a significant determinant factor affecting non-productive water losses, and also influenced by meteorological factors, water inputs, and soil properties. To optimize water utilization in semi-arid irrigated mountainous plantations, we recommend reducing amount of each irrigation and increasing frequency of irrigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yuquan Qiang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Rui Lu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Cunwei Che
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang S, Xing X, Wu Y, Guo X, Li M, Ma X. Restoration of vegetation in the Yellow River Basin of Inner Mongolia is limited by geographic factors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14922. [PMID: 38942788 PMCID: PMC11213893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying the relationships between vegetation cover and geography in the Mongolian region of the Yellow River Basin will help to optimize local vegetation recovery strategies and achieve harmonious human relations. Based on MOD13Q1 data, the spatial and temporal variations in fractional vegetation cover (FVC) in the Mongolian Yellow River Basin during 2000-2020 were investigated via trend and correlative analysis. The results are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the vegetation cover in the Mongolian section of the Yellow River Basin recovered well, the mean increase in the FVC was 0.001/a, the distribution of vegetation showed high coverage in the southeast and low coverage in the northwest, and 31.19% of the total area showed an extremely significant and significant increase in vegetation cover. (2) The explanatory power of each geographic factor significantly differed. Precipitation, soil type, air temperature, land use type and slope were the main driving factors influencing the spatial distribution of the vegetation cover, and for each factor, the explanatory power of its interaction with other factors was greater than that of the single factor. (3) The correlation coefficients between FVC and temperature and precipitation are mainly positive. The mean value of the FVC and its variation trend are characterized by differences in terrain and soil characteristics, population density and land use. Land use conversion can reflect the characteristics of human activities, and positive effects, such as returning farmland to forest and grassland and afforestation of unused land, promote the significant improvement of regional vegetation, while negative effects, such as urban expansion, inhibit the growth of vegetation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Wang
- Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-Hydrology National Observation and Research Station, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
- Institute of Water Resources of Pastoral Area Ministry of Water Resources, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Xigang Xing
- General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing, 100120, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-Hydrology National Observation and Research Station, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Institute of Water Resources of Pastoral Area Ministry of Water Resources, Hohhot, 010020, China.
| | - Xuning Guo
- General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing, 100120, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Water Resources Research Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010052, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pu C, Xu Q, Wang X, Hao L, Xu F, Chen W, Zhao K, Kou P, Li H. Vegetation response to large-scale mountain excavation and city construction projects on the Loess Plateau of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174256. [PMID: 38936734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Since 2012, the "Mountain Excavation and City Construction" (MECC) project has been implemented extensively on the Loess Plateau of China, transforming gullies into flat land for urban sprawl by leveling loess hilltops to fill in valleys. However, this unprecedented human activity has caused widespread controversy over its unknown potential ecological impacts. Quantitative assessment of the impacts of the MECC project on the vegetation is key to ecological management and restoration. Taking the largest MECC project area on the Loess Plateau, Yan'an New District (YND), as the study area, this study investigated the spatiotemporal pattern of vegetation dynamics before and after the implementation of the MECC project using a multitemporal normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series from 2009 to 2023 and explored the response of vegetation dynamics to the large-scale MECC project. The results showed that the vegetation dynamics in the YND exhibited significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity due to the MECC project, with the vegetation in the project-affected areas showing rapid damage followed by slow recovery. Vegetation damage occurred only in the project-affected area, and 84 % of these areas began recovery within 10 years, indicating the limited impact of the large-scale MECC project on the regional vegetation. The strong correlation between vegetation dynamics and the MECC project suggested that the destruction and recovery of vegetation in the project-affected areas was mainly under anthropogenic control, which highlights the importance of targeted ecological policies. Specifically, the MECC project induced local anthropogenic damage to the plant population structure during the land creation period, but regeneration and rational allocation of the vegetation were achieved through urbanization, gradually forming a new balanced ecological environment. These findings will contribute to a full understanding of the response of vegetation to such large-scale engineering activities and help local governments adopt projects or policies that facilitate vegetation recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhao Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Lina Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Fanshu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Wanlin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Kuanyao Zhao
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Pinglang Kou
- The Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Spatial Big Data Intelligent Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Huajin Li
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qi T, Ren Q, He C, Zhang X. Dual effects on vegetation from urban expansion in the drylands of northern China: A multiscale investigation using the vegetation disturbance index. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172481. [PMID: 38626825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Drylands contribute roughly 40 % of the global net primary productivity and are essential for achieving sustainable development. Investigating the effects on vegetation from urban expansion in drylands within the context of rapid urbanization could help enhance the sustainability of dryland cities. With the use of the drylands of northern China (DNC) as an example, we applied the vegetation disturbance index to investigate the negative and positive effects on vegetation from urban expansion in drylands. The results revealed that the DNC experienced massive and rapid urban expansion from 2000 to 2020. Urban land in the entire DNC increased by 19,646 km2 from 8141 to 27,787 km2, with an annual growth rate of 6.3 %. Urban expansion in the DNC imposed both negative and positive effects on regional vegetation. The area with negative effects reached 7736 km2 and was mainly concentrated in the dry subhumid zones. The area with positive effects amounted to 5011 km2 and was comparable among the dry subhumid, semiarid, and arid zones. Land use/cover change induced by population growth significantly contributed to these negative effects, while the positive effects were largely caused by economic growth. Therefore, it is recommended to strike a balance between urban growth and vegetation conservation to mitigate the adverse effects on vegetation from urban expansion in drylands. Simultaneously, it is imperative to expand urban green spaces and build sustainable and livable ecological cities to facilitate sustainable urban development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Chinese Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of International Affairs and Public Administration, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chunyang He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Chinese Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People's Government of Qinghai Province and Beijing Normal University, Xining, China.
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Chinese Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kou P, Xu Q, Jin Z, Tao Y, Yunus AP, Feng J, Pu C, Yuan S, Xia Y. Analyzing gully erosion and deposition patterns in loess tableland: Insights from small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SBAS InSAR). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:169873. [PMID: 38199362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The fragile Loess Plateau of China suffers substantial gully erosion. It is imperative to elucidate gully erosion patterns for implementing effective erosion control strategies. However, high spatiotemporal resolution quantification of gully dynamics remains limited across the Loess Plateau landscape. We utilized the small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SBAS InSAR) technique to investigate the phenomenon of gully erosion and deposition on the Dongzhiyuan tableland, which sits within the vast expanse of the Loess Plateau in China, over the period spanning 2020-2022. The tableland edges subsided while gully bottoms uplifted due to sedimentation. Low elevations underwent active deformation. Slope, aspect, and curvature modulated uplift and subsidence patterns by affecting runoff and sediment transport. Gentle downstream slopes displayed enhanced sedimentation. Southern gullies showed pronounced uplift compared to northern gullies. Heavy rainfall triggered extensive erosion followed by rapid uplift, reflecting an adaptive oscillation between erosion and deposition. Basin hydrology correlated with spatial patterns of deformation. Vegetation cover above 60 % of the maximum substantially increased InSAR error. Our study reveals intricate spatiotemporal behaviors of erosion and deposition in loess gullies using time-series InSAR. The findings provide new insights into gully geomorphology and evolution, and our study quantifies gully erosion and deposition patterns at high spatiotemporal resolution, enabling identification of the most vulnerable areas and prioritization of conservation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinglang Kou
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Spatial Big Data Intelligent Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; Key Laboratory of Tourism Multisource Data Perception and Decision, Ministry of Culture and Tourism (TMDPD, MCT), Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China.
| | - Zhao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuxiang Tao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Spatial Big Data Intelligent Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Ali P Yunus
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - Jiangfan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tourism Multisource Data Perception and Decision, Ministry of Culture and Tourism (TMDPD, MCT), Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Chuanhao Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Shuang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tourism Multisource Data Perception and Decision, Ministry of Culture and Tourism (TMDPD, MCT), Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fang L, Gao R, Wang X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Liu T. Effects of coal mining and climate-environment factors on the evolution of a typical Eurasian grassland. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117957. [PMID: 38128603 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining can significantly impact vegetation evolution, yet the limited information on its patterns and driving factors hampers efforts to mitigate these effects and reclaim abandoned mines. This study aimed to 1) examine vegetation evolution in a semiarid steppe watershed in northeast China; and 2) characterize the driving factors behind this evolution. We analyzed the impact of twelve selected driving factors on fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) from 2000 to 2021 using a dimidiate pixel model, Sen's slope analysis, Mann-Kendall trend test, coefficient of variation analysis, and Geodetector model. At a significance level of α = 0.05, our findings revealed a south-to-north decline pattern in FVC, a significant decrease trend in proximity to coal mines, and a notable increase trend adjacent to river channels. Approximately 37% of the watershed exhibited low FVC, while the overall temporal trend across the watershed was deemed insignificant. Areas surrounding the mines experienced a substantial reduction in FVC due to coal mining activities, while FVC variations across the watershed were linked to precipitation, temperature, and soil type. FVC predictions improved notably when interactions between multiple two-way factors were considered. Each driving factors displayed an optimal range (e.g., precipitation = 63-71 mm) for maximizing FVC. Given the study watershed's status as a national energy base, understanding vegetation responses to coal mining and climate-environment changes is crucial for sustaining fragile terrestrial ecosystems and socioeconomic development. Achieving a long-time balance between coal extraction and ecological protection is essential. The study outcomes hold significant promise for advancing ecological conservation, vegetation restoration, and mitigation of environmental degradation in semiarid regions affected by extensive coal mining and climate fluctuations. These findings contribute to the strategic management of such areas, promoting sustainable practices amidst evolving environmental challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Fang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010018, China
| | - Ruizhong Gao
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010018, China.
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010018, China
| | - Yinlong Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010018, China
| | - Tingxi Liu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010018, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu X, Liu J, Jiao F, Zhang K, Yang Y, Qiu J, Zhu Y, Lin N, Zou C. Spatial variations and mechanisms for the stability of water use efficiency in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1254395. [PMID: 37810375 PMCID: PMC10552151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1254395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A clearer understanding of the stability of water use efficiency (WUE) and its driving factors contributes to improving water use efficiency and strengthening water resource management. However, the stability of WUE is unclear. Based on the EEMD method, this study analyses the spatial variations and mechanisms for the stability of WUE in China, especially in the National Forest Protection Project (NFPP) areas. It is found that the stable WUE was dominated by non-significant trends and increasing trends in China, accounting for 33.59% and 34.19%, respectively. The non-significant trend of stable WUE was mainly located in the Three-North shelterbelt program area, and the increasing trend of stable WUE was in Huaihe and Taihu, Taihang Mountains, and Pearl River shelterbelt program areas. Precipitation and soil moisture promoted the stable WUE in these project areas. The unstable WUE was dominated by positive reversals or negative reversals of WUE trends. The positive reversals of unstable WUE were mainly located in the Yellow River shelterbelt program areas, which was promoted by temperature and radiation, while the negative reversals of unstable WUE were mainly distributed in the Yangtze River and Liaohe shelterbelt program areas, which were mainly induced by saturation water vapor pressure difference (VPD). Our results highlight that some ecological restoration programs need to be improved to cope with the negative climate impact on the stability of WUE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Fusheng Jiao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Naifeng Lin
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Changxin Zou
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zeng J, Zhou T, Qu Y, Bento VA, Qi J, Xu Y, Li Y, Wang Q. An improved global vegetation health index dataset in detecting vegetation drought. Sci Data 2023; 10:338. [PMID: 37258520 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to global warming, drought events have become more frequent, which resulted in aggravated crop failures, food shortage, larger and more energetic wildfires, and have seriously affected socio-economic development and agricultural production. In this study, a global long-term (1981-2021), high-resolution (4 km) improved vegetation health index (VHI) dataset integrating climate, vegetation and soil moisture was developed. Based on drought records from the Emergency Event Database, we compared the detection efficiency of the VHI before and after its improvement in the occurrence and scope of observed drought events. The global drought detection efficiency of the improved high-resolution VHI dataset reached values as high as 85%, which is 14% higher than the original VHI dataset. The improved VHI dataset was also more sensitive to mild droughts and more accurate regarding the extent of droughts. This improved dataset can play an important role in long-term drought monitoring but also has the potential to assess the impact of drought on the agricultural, forestry, ecological and environmental sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yanping Qu
- Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Virgílio A Bento
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Instituto Dom Luiz, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Junyu Qi
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, 5825 University Research Ct, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Yixin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Qianfeng Wang
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu X, Liu J, Jiao F, Zhang K, Ye X, Gong H, Lin N, Zou C. Ecological engineering induced carbon sinks shifting from decreasing to increasing during 1981-2019 in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161037. [PMID: 36565873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence shows that most of China's terrestrial ecosystems are important carbon sinks. However, the nonlinear trend of the carbon sinks and their nonlinear response to driving factors are unclear. Taking the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) as a proxy for the ecosystem carbon sink, the nonlinear relationships between the monotonically increasing trends and decreasing to increasing shifts in the carbon sink to climate change and ecological engineering were investigated based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and machine learning algorithm (boosted regression tree model, BRT). The results suggest that 16.75 % of the carbon sinks in China experienced a monotonic increase. Additionally, 20.55 % of the carbon sinks shifted from decreasing to increasing trends, primarily after 1995, and these carbon sinks were located in the key ecological engineering areas, such as the middle reaches of the Yellow River shelterbelt program area, the Liaohe shelterbelt program area, the Grain to Green program area, and the Three-North Forest shelterbelt program area. Moreover, carbon sinks exhibited strong spatial autocorrelation with low-low clustering in the north and high-high clustering in the south. The increase in CO2 (slope of CO2 < 1.8 g/m2/s/y) and solar radiation (slope of radiation >1 w/m2/y) promoted the monotonic increase in the carbon sinks in the center of China. The increase in the areas of forest and grassland shifted the carbon sink trend from decreasing to increasing in the key ecological engineering program areas, and economic development reversed the carbon sink reduction in the Pearl River shelterbelt program area. These findings highlight the positive effect of ecological engineering on carbon sinks and provide adaptation strategies and guidance for China to achieve the "carbon neutrality" target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Fusheng Jiao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Haibo Gong
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Naifeng Lin
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Changxin Zou
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yao Y, Wang C. Land cover change in global drylands: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160943. [PMID: 36526201 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a sensitive region, identifying land cover change in drylands is critical to understanding global environmental change. However, the current findings related to land cover change in drylands are not uniform due to differences in data and methods among studies. We compared and judged the spatial and temporal characteristics, driving forces, and ecological effects by identifying the main findings of land cover change in drylands at global and regional scales (especially in China) to strengthen the overall understanding of land cover change in drylands. Four main points were obtained. First, while most studies found that drylands were experiencing vegetation greening, some evidence showed decreases in vegetation and large increases in bare land due to inconsistencies in the datasets and the study phases. Second, the dominant factors affecting land cover change in drylands are precipitation, agricultural activities, and urban expansion. Third, the impact of land cover change on the water cycle, especially the impact of afforestation on water resources in drylands, is of great concern. Finally, drylands experience severe land degradation and require dataset matching (classification standards, resolution, etc.) to quantify the impact of human activities on land cover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chenxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma M, Wang Q, Liu R, Zhao Y, Zhang D. Effects of climate change and human activities on vegetation coverage change in northern China considering extreme climate and time-lag and -accumulation effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160527. [PMID: 36460108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the contributions of climate change (CC) and human activities (HA) to vegetation change is crucial for making a sustainable vegetation restoration scheme. However, the effects of extreme climate and time-lag and -accumulation effects on vegetation are often ignored, thus underestimating the impact of CC on vegetation change. In this study, the spatiotemporal variation of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) from 2000 to 2019 in northern China (NC) as well as the time-lag and -accumulation effects of 15 monthly climatic indices, including extreme indices, on the FVC, were analyzed. Subsequently, a modified residual analysis considering the influence of extreme climate and time-lag and -accumulation effects was proposed and used to attribute the change in the FVC contributed by CC and HA. Given the multicollinearity of climatic variables, partial least squares regression was used to construct the multiple linear regression between climatic indices and the FVC. The results show that: (1) the annual FVC significantly increased at a rate of 0.0268/10a from 2000 to 2019 in all vegetated areas of NC. Spatially, the annual FVC increased in most vegetated areas (∼81.6 %) of NC, and the increase was significant in ∼54.6 % of the areas; (2) except for the temperature duration (DTR), climatic indices had no significant time-lag effects but significant time-accumulation effects on the FVC change. The DTR had both significant time-lag and -accumulation effects on the FVC change. Except for potential evapotranspiration and DTR, the main temporal effects of climatic indices on the FVC were a 0-month lag and 1-2-month accumulation; and (3) the contributions of CC and HA to FVC change were 0.0081/10a and 0.0187/10a in NC, respectively, accounting for 30.2 % and 69.8 %, respectively. HA dominated the increase in the FVC in most provinces of NC, except for the Qinghai and Neimenggu provinces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Qingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang H, Wu S, Dang Y, Liu D, Qiu L. Multi-functional identification of social-ecological landscape in ecologically fragile areas under the background of regional transformation development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:19062-19082. [PMID: 36223014 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To realize the coordinated development of regional economy, society, and ecosystem is the ultimate goal of economic development and ecological protection in ecologically fragile areas. The multi-functional identification of socio-ecological landscape in ecologically fragile areas is helpful to alleviate the practical contradictions and conflicts faced by the region, and to better realize the optimal allocation of regional resources and the formulation of rational regional land management and planning strategies. This study takes Mizhi County, the most prominent and representative area of the ecologically fragile areas of the Loess Plateau, as the research area. The three dimensions of the ecosystem, social system, and production system were used to construct a landscape multi-functionality identification and evaluation model. A comprehensive identification method for the landscape multi-functionality evaluation, dominant-secondary function recognition, and dominant-secondary obstacle function recognition were carried out to realize the recognition of the landscape multi-functionality. The results were the following: (1) The identification of the landscape multi-functionality through multi-objective optimal decision making with limited scheme for the determination of regional functions should follow the optimal decision rule. (2) The multi-function comprehensive identification method for the landscape could be used to scientifically identify the landscape multi-functions in the ecologically fragile areas. (3) The multi-functions of the social-ecological landscape were obvious. An area with an extreme value was prominent and presented a state of aggregation. The spatial difference between the dominant and secondary functions (obstacle functions) was strong, and the degree of interdependence between functions was high. This study provides a scientific reference for landscape optimization management in the ecologically fragile areas of the Loess Plateau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Institute of "Eight-Eight" Strategies, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- Zhejiang Institute of "Eight-Eight" Strategies, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yunxiao Dang
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Institute of "Eight-Eight" Strategies, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Di Liu
- College of Tourism, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Lefeng Qiu
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Institute of "Eight-Eight" Strategies, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Z, Ding J, Zhao W, Liu Y, Pereira P. The impact of the armed conflict in Afghanistan on vegetation dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159138. [PMID: 36191719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Armed conflicts disturb the environment and impair land productivity. Afghanistan has been submerged in conflict for >20 years, affecting the environment dramatically. In this study, we used the Normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) to investigate vegetation's spatial and temporal changes and the potential underpinned mechanisms. We found a 16.44 % increase in NDVI in Afghanistan from 2000 to 2021. The average NDVI growth rate was 11.33 % (within 5 km distance from the armed conflict), higher in the conflict group than in the non-conflict group. People migration may have reduced the human impacts on the environment. The relative contribution of armed conflict to vegetation growth was 3.17 %. Our results showed that the vegetation in Afghanistan increased, confirming the idea that depopulation increase greenness. Despite the reduced variance explained by the war (R2 values around 0.3), our study provides empirical evidence on the linkages between the war and vegetation change in Afghanistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Jingyi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenwu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Center, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities g. 20, 08303 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shen F, Yang L, Zhang L, Guo M, Huang H, Zhou C. Quantifying the direct effects of long-term dynamic land use intensity on vegetation change and its interacted effects with economic development and climate change in jiangsu, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116562. [PMID: 36308967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation change reflects sensitive responses of ecosystem environment to global climate change as well as land use. It is well known that land use type and its transformation affect vegetation change. However, how the changes in land use intensity (LUI) within different land use types impact vegetation and the interactions with other drivers remain poorly understood. We measured the LUI of Jiangsu Province, China, within the main land use types in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018 by combining remote sensing-based land use data with representative county scale economic and social indicators. Structural equation models (SEMs) were built to quantify the influences of long term LUI on vegetation change interacting with economic development, climate change and topographical conditions in transformed land, cropland, rural settlements and urbanized land, respectively. Seventy percent of significant vegetation change existed in non-transformed land use types. Although the area with a vegetation greening trend is larger than that with a vegetation browning trend, the vegetation browning areas is prominent in urbanized lands and some croplands in south basins. The constructed SEMs suggested the dominant negative effect of fast economic development regardless of land use types, while LUI played important and different direct and indirect effects on affecting vegetation change significantly interacting with economic development and climate change in different land use types. The LUI increasing led a vegetation greening in cropland, and stronger than climate warming with both positive direct and indirect effects for influencing climate change. The LUI change took negative effects on vegetation change in rural and urban areas, while a positive indirect effect of LUI increasing in urbanized land signaled the positive results of human managements. We then provided some land use-specific suggestions on basin scale for land management in Jiangsu. Our results highlight the necessity of long-term LUI quantification and promote the understanding of its effects on vegetation change interacted with other drivers within different land use types. This can be very helpful for sustainable land use and managements in regions with fast economic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Shen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Mao Guo
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Haili Huang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Chenghu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao A, Liu X, Zheng Z. Evaluation of urban expansion and the impacts on vegetation in Chinese Loess Plateau: a multi-scale study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:6021-6032. [PMID: 35986853 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation degradation caused by rapid urban expansion is a pressing global challenge. Focusing on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), we use satellite observations from 2000 to 2017 to evaluate the spatiotemporal pattern of urban expansion, and its imprint on vegetation across old urban, new urban, urban, non-urban areas as well as the entire urbanization intensity (UI) gradient (from 0 to 100%). We found a massive increase of urban impervious surface area (UISA) in the CLP from 2000 to 2017, and an uneven expansion of UISA at different urban agglomerations and cities. Less green were found in urban and new urban areas, while old urban and non-urban areas generally showed an improved greening pattern. In addition, the annual maximum EVI (EVImax) differences between urban and non-urban areas were - 0.0995 on average from 2000 to 2017. The Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration (GPUA) witnessed the most significant EVImax differences (- 0.120), and the Ningxia Yanhuang urban agglomeration (NYUA) witnessed the lowest EVImax differences (- 0.012). The EVImax showed significantly decreased trends along the entire spectrum of urbanization gradient for 97.4% (38 of 39) cities and five urban agglomerations. The most significant decrease was found in the GUPA (slope = - 0.0197/10a, p < 0.01), while the smallest drop was found in the NYUA (slope = - 0.011/10a, p < 0.01). This study offered a fundamental support for understanding the vegetation variation along the urban-rural gradient, which may help stakeholders to make better ecological management policies for urban vegetation in ecologically fragile areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anzhou Zhao
- College of Mining and Geomatics, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- College of Applied Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Zhoutao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li L, Liu M, Qi Y, Zhang G, Yu R. Spatiotemporal variations and relationships of absorbing aerosol-radiation-gross primary productivity over China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:169. [PMID: 36451005 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-load carbonaceous and dust aerosols can significantly reduce direct radiation (DIRR), which would affect photosynthesis in terrestrial ecosystems, thereby further affecting the productivity of vegetation. Based on this, a variety of remote sensing data were used to study the spatiotemporal distributions and changing tendencies of the absorbing aerosols, CO, DIRR, and gross primary productivity (GPP) in China during 2005-2019; then, the relationships were analyzed between different types of absorbing aerosols and DIRR as well as GPP. The results showed that the annual mean absorbing aerosols index (AAI) in China during 2005-2019 was 0.39, with a slow growth rate of 0.02 year-1, and the emission of CO showed a decreasing trend with each passing year, especially in North China Plain and Sichuan Basin. Carbonaceous and dust aerosols were predominantly bounded by Hu line. The east of Hu line was the dominant area of carbonaceous aerosols, and the west of Hu line was the topographical region of dust aerosols. Near the Hu line was the dominant area of carbonaceous-dust aerosols. However, the Karamay-Urumqi-Hami area and Northeast China Plain were exceptional. During the vegetation growing season, different types of absorbing aerosols significantly negatively affected GPP. From a perspective of regional scale variation pattern, the negative effect of absorbing aerosols on vegetation productivity was the most significant in Northeast China; from the perspective of the effects of different vegetation types, the negative effect of absorbing aerosols on grasslands was greater than that of woodlands; from the perspective of the composition characteristics of aerosols, the negative effect of dust aerosols on GPP was greater than that of carbonaceous aerosols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minxia Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yuhan Qi
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guojuan Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruixin Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yunus AP, Masago Y, Boulange J, Hijioka Y. Natural and anthropogenic forces on suspended sediment dynamics in Asian estuaries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155569. [PMID: 35490818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and anthropogenic activities are affecting the hydrological conditions of rivers and may have altered nutrient and suspended sediments released into coastal seas. However, testing this hypothesis is difficult, confounded by the lack of observational data and the unavailability of globally accepted suspended sediment concentration (SSC) algorithms. Here, we analyzed the trends in SSC (2000-2020) at the mouths of 10 major Asian rivers using 10 available satellite-SSC algorithms. We identified spatially distinct trends, with SSC decreasing at the mouths of the Yellow, Pearl, and Indus rivers, and increasing trends at the mouths of the Narmada and Ganges-Brahmaputra rivers, while there were no significant trends at the mouths of the remaining rivers. River discharge, dams, and land use changes in basins individually did not suffice, but reproduced the observed SSC trends when used together. Our results imply that anthropogenic activities threaten the marine ecosystem more than climate forcing on Asian coasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali P Yunus
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali 140-306, India.
| | - Yoshifumi Masago
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Julien Boulange
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Hijioka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cao X, Tian F, Herzschuh U, Ni J, Xu Q, Li W, Zhang Y, Luo M, Chen F. Human activities have reduced plant diversity in eastern China over the last two millennia. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4962-4976. [PMID: 35596650 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the history and regional singularities of human impact on vegetation is key to developing strategies for sustainable ecosystem management. In this study, fossil and modern pollen datasets from China are employed to investigate temporal changes in pollen composition, analogue quality, and pollen diversity during the Holocene. Anthropogenic disturbance and vegetation's responses are also assessed. Results reveal that pollen assemblages from non-forest communities fail to provide evidence of human impact for the western part of China (annual precipitation less than 400 mm and/or elevation more than 3000 m.a.s.l.), as inferred from the stable quality of modern analogues, principal components, and diversity of species and communities throughout the Holocene. For the eastern part of China, the proportion of fossil pollen spectra with good modern analogues increases from ca. 50% to ca. 80% during the last 2 millennia, indicating an enhanced intensity of anthropogenic disturbance on vegetation. This disturbance has caused the pollen spectra to become taxonomically less diverse over space (reduced abundances of arboreal taxa and increased abundances of herbaceous taxa), highlighting a reduced south-north differentiation and divergence from past vegetation between regions in the eastern part of China. We recommend that care is taken in eastern China when basing the development of ecosystem management strategies on vegetation changes in the region during the last 2000 years, since humans have significantly disturbed the vegetation during this period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Cao
- Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation (ALPHA), State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Tian
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ulrike Herzschuh
- Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Alfred Wegner Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jian Ni
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Qinghai Xu
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation (ALPHA), State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation (ALPHA), State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Luo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fahu Chen
- Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation (ALPHA), State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ecological Engineering Projects Shifted the Dominance of Human Activity and Climate Variability on Vegetation Dynamics. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Global greening and its eco-environmental outcomes are getting mounting international focus. The important contribution of China to the global greening is highly appreciated. However, the basic driving forces are still elusive. The Loess Plateau (LP) and Three-River Source Region (TRSR) were chased as study areas in Northern China. The prior one represents the region experiencing intensive human interventions from ecological engineering projects, while the latter is a typical region that is experiencing faster climate change. Hypothesized to be driven by a disproportionate rate of human activities and climates, also being regions of typical large-scale ecological engineering projects, the study goal is to identify the actual driving forces on vegetation dynamics in these two regions. Trend analysis, correlation analysis, and residual trend-based method (RESTREND) were utilized to understand the relationships between climate variability, human activities, and vegetation dynamics. The spatiotemporal variations of vegetation from 1982 to 2019 were evaluated and the respective impacts of climatic and anthropogenic factors on vegetation dynamics were disentangled. Indicating apparent vegetation restoration in LP and TRSR, the results depict that annual LAI has remarkably increased during the 38 years. Temperature and precipitation promoted vegetation growth, whereas the solar radiation and vapor pressure deficit hampered it. After implementing the ecological engineering projects, the primary climatic factor changed from temperature to precipitation. Meanwhile, human activities act as the major driving factor in vegetation greening in the entire study area, with a contribution rate exceeding 70%. This information highlights that ecological engineering can significantly reduce the risks of ecosystem degradation and effectively restore vegetation, especially in ecologically sensitive and vulnerable areas.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gong G, Wei Z, Zhang F, Li Y, An Y, Yang Q, Wu J, Wang L, Yu P. Analysis of the spatial distribution and influencing factors of China national forest villages. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:428. [PMID: 35551521 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China national forest villages are the agents to promote rural greening and beautification, as well as further implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. It is of great significance to study their spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors. Therefore, taking 7586 China national forest villages as examples, the methods of nearest neighbor index, Tyson polygon, cold and hot spot analysis, and nuclear density index are used to study the spatial distribution characteristics of China national forest villages and their influencing factors. The results show that (1) since the nearest neighbor index is less than 1, and the Tyson polygon area variation coefficient is much greater than 64%, it is comprehensively determined that the distribution of China national forest villages belongs to agglomerated distribution. (2) The spatial clustering is characterized by "hot in the south and cold in the north." The hot spots are dominated by southern regions such as Sichuan, Hubei, and Jiangsu, and the cold spots are dominated by northern regions such as Heilongjiang, Jilin and Xinjiang. (3) The distribution characteristics of nuclear density have a strong correlation with the distribution characteristics of forest vegetation and urban agglomerations. Most high-density areas are located within the forest vegetation coverage. The first batch forms the Yangtze River Delta and Central Plains urban agglomerations high-density areas, and the second batch forms the Yangtze River Delta and Central Plains high-density areas. (4) Elevation, aspect, river, forest resources endowment, traffic, economic development level, and population size are important factors affecting the distribution of China national forest villages, and their distribution presents the characteristics of "low altitude, positive direction, near water, rich forest resources, convenient transportation, developed economy, and dense population." The research can provide reference for the evaluation and construction of China national forest villages and the implementation of village beautification and rural revitalization strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Gong
- School of Management, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
- Research Center for Rural Revitalization and Regional High-Quality Development, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- School of Management, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
- Research Center for Rural Revitalization and Regional High-Quality Development, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Fengtai Zhang
- School of Management, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
- Research Center for Rural Revitalization and Regional High-Quality Development, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
| | - Yuzhen Li
- School of Management, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
- Research Center for Rural Revitalization and Regional High-Quality Development, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Youzhi An
- School of Management, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
- Research Center for Rural Revitalization and Regional High-Quality Development, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Management, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
- Research Center for Rural Revitalization and Regional High-Quality Development, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 550018, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Foreign Studies, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Pengzhen Yu
- School of Management, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
- Research Center for Rural Revitalization and Regional High-Quality Development, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang N, Du Y, Liang F, Wang H, Yi J. The spatiotemporal response of China's vegetation greenness to human socio-economic activities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 305:114304. [PMID: 34953230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and human socioeconomic activities both strongly impact long-term vegetation greenness. It is more a challenge to evaluate the impacts of socioeconomic activities on vegetative greenness than climate change, partially due to the lack of appropriate quantitative indicators of the former. Here we examined the relationship between the remote sensing nighttime light (NTL) data and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which in this study are used as the proxies of socioeconomic activities and vegetation greenness, respectively. We first eliminated the vegetation greenness changes in response to climate change and calculated the human-activities-induced NDVI (HNDVI). After explored the spatiotemporal patterns of the HNDVI and NTL data across China from 1998 to 2018, we studied the relationship between the HNDVI and NTL at the grid and county levels, respectively. Our results show that the mean adjusted DN values of the NTL data (NTLI) continuously increase (+0.2938) across our study area from 1998 to 2018, whereas the HNDVI values fluctuate with a general upward trend (+0.0018). Most grids (91.2%) with increased HNDVI were found in rural areas, particularly in the Northeast forest shelterbelt and the Loess Plateau. By contrast, the HNDVI values in rapidly urbanized areas in Chinese major urban agglomerations mainly show a downward trend, especially in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomeration. The relationships between the NTLI and HNDVI are inconsistent over time and across space, which could be attributed to land use conditions, afforestation projects in rural areas, and greening activities in urban areas over different periods and regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- State Key Lab of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Resource and Environment, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yunyan Du
- State Key Lab of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Resource and Environment, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Fuyuan Liang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Geographic Information Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL, 61455, USA.
| | - Huimeng Wang
- State Key Lab of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Resource and Environment, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jiawei Yi
- State Key Lab of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Resource and Environment, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yin Y, Deng H, Ma D. Complex effects of moisture conditions and temperature enhanced vegetation growth in the Arid/humid transition zone in Northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150152. [PMID: 34543796 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems in the arid/humid transition zone (AHTZ) of northern China are highly sensitive to climate change and human activities. Accurately assessing the impact of climate change on these ecosystems is important for effectively reducing the risks faced by them under future climate change. In this study, the leaf area index during the selected growing season (LAIGS) was used as an indicator for vegetation activity. After comparison different potential indicators, the growing season temperature (TGS) was used to indicate temperature, and the growing season aridity index (AIGS), which considers the regional water budget, was used to indicate moisture rather than precipitation, which is used more commonly. Correlation analysis and residual trends were used to study the influence of climatic and non-climatic factors on vegetation activity in the AHTZ from 1982 to 2016. The results for regions where LAIGS increased significantly (0.037/10 yr, 53.58% of the study area), the regions where LAIGS dominated by non-climatic factors (18.40%) was larger than areas dominated by climatic factors (9.61%). However, most (25.57%) of the regions in the selected study area were mainly driven by both climatic and non-climatic factors. In about half (49.73%) of the climate-affected regions, significant changes in LAIGS were driven jointly by TGS and AIGS. These regions were mainly in the northern and western Loess Plateau. The regions where changes were driven mainly by AIGS, and those where changes were driven mainly by TGS, each accounted for nearly a quarter of climate-affected regions (24.87% and 25.40%, respectively). The former regions were on the western Songliao Plain, the northern North China Plain, and the northern Loess Plateau, and the latter regions were in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains, on the southern North China Plain, in the western mountains of North China, and on the southern Loess Plateau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Yin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Haoyu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Danyang Ma
- Henan Province Development and Reform Commission, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Spatial–Temporal Changes and Driving Force Analysis of Ecosystems in the Loess Plateau Ecological Screen. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The ecological degradation caused by unreasonable development and prolonged utilization threatens economic development. In response to the development crisis triggered by ecological degradation, the Chinese government launched the National Barrier Zone (NBZ) Construction Program in 2006. However, few in-depth studies on the Loess Plateau Ecological Screen (LPES) have been conducted since the implementation of that program. To address this omission, based on the remote sensing image as the primary data, combined with meteorological, soil, hydrological, social, and economic data, and using GIS spatial analysis technology, this paper analyzes the change characteristics of the ecosystem pattern, quality, and dominant services of the ecosystem in the LPES from 2005 to 2015. The results show that from 2005 to 2015, the ecosystem structure in the study area was relatively stable, and the area of each ecosystem fluctuated slightly. However, the evaluation results based on FVC, LAI, and NPP showed that the quality of the ecosystem improved. The vegetation coverage (FVC) increased significantly at a rate of 0.91% per year, and the net primary productivity (NPP) had increased significantly at a rate of 6.94 gC/(m2∙a) per year. The leaf area index (LAI) in more than 66% of the regions improved, but there were still about 8% of the local regions that were degraded. During these 10 years, the soil erosion situation in LPES improved overall, and the amount of soil conservation (ASC) of the ecosystem in the LPES increased by about 0.18 billion tons. Grassland and forest played important roles in soil conservation in this area. Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis showed that the soil conservation services (SCS) in the LPES were mainly affected by climate change, economic development, and urban construction. The precipitation (P), total solar radiation (SOL), and temperature (T) can explain 52%, 30.1%, and 17% of the change trends of SCS, respectively. Construction land and primary industry were negatively correlated with SCS, accounting for 22% and 8% of the change trends, respectively. Overall, from 2005 to 2015, the ecological environment of LPES showed a gradual improvement trend, but the phenomenon of destroying grass and forests and reclaiming wasteland still existed.
Collapse
|