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Habib R, Do MP, Chen Y, Jiang G, Sivakumar M. Elucidating biofouling development and succession in membrane distillation using treated effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119864. [PMID: 39216734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Biofouling in membrane distillation (MD) has several repercussions, including reduced efficiency of the MD process and limiting membrane life. Additionally, the evaluation of MD biofouling using treated effluents from wastewater treatment plants remains an unexplored area. Thus, biofouling formation and development in a long term MD process (15 days) using treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant was explored in this study. The results revealed that flux decline occurred in four phases: i) initial decline (0-1 d), ii) gradual decline (1-5 d), iii) progressive decline (5-10 d), and iv) rapid decline (10-15 d). Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD) analysis demonstrated that the treated effluent contained humic-like substances, which deposited on the membrane surface in phase 1. Whereas biopolymers development on the membrane surface in phase 2 and 3 was linked to biofouling. Microbial community analysis revealed that the initial colonisers were predominantly thermophilic bacteria, which were different from the microbial community of the treated effluent. The biofilm-forming bacteria included Schlegelella, Meiothermus, and Vulcaniibacterium. These microorganisms proliferate and release excessive extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), leading to the development of mature biofilm on membrane surface. This helped in the deposition of organics and inorganics from the bulk feed, which led to microbial community succession in phase 4 with the emergence of the Kallotenue genus. The results suggested that organic substances and microbial communities on membrane surface at different stages in a long-term MD process had a significant influence on MD performance for high-quality wastewater reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasikh Habib
- School of Civil, Mining, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Mai Phuong Do
- School of Civil, Mining, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Civil, Mining, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Muttucumaru Sivakumar
- School of Civil, Mining, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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Wang Q, Zheng W, Wang Y, Zhang T, Zhou Z, Wu Z. Insights into effects of operating temperature on the removal of pharmaceuticals/pesticides/synthetic organic compounds by membrane bioreactor process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122145. [PMID: 37422084 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the removal efficiency and mechanism of 8 kinds of typical micropollutants by membrane bioreactor (MBR) at different temperatures (i.e. 15, 25 and 35 °C) were investigated. MBR exhibited the high removal rate (>85%) for 3 kinds of industrial synthetic organic micropollutants (i.e. bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (TB) and 4-n-nonylphenol (NP)) with similar functional groups, structures and high hydrophobicity (Log D > 3.2). However, the removal rates of ibuprofen (IBU), carbamazepine (CBZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) with pharmaceutical activity showed great discrepancy (i.e. 93%, 14.2% and 29%, respectively), while that of pesticides (i.e. acetochlor (Ac) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) were both lower than 10%. The results showed that the operating temperature played a significant role in microbial growth and activities. High temperature (35 °C) led to a decreased removal efficiency for most of hydrophobic organic micropollutants, and was also not conducive for refractory CBZ due to the temperature sensitivity. At lower temperature (15 °C), a large amount of exopolysaccharides and proteins were released by microorganisms, which caused the inhibited microbial activity, poor flocculation and sedimentation, resulting in the polysaccharide-type membrane fouling. It was proved that dominant microbial degradation of 61.01%-92.73% and auxiliary adsorption of 5.29%-28.30% were the main mechanisms for micropollutant removal in MBR system except for pesticides due to the toxicity. Therefore, the removal rates of most micropollutants were highest at 25 °C due to the high activity sludge so as to enhance microbial adsorption and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenjia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zhen Zhou
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Kakuda T, Naito R, Suzuki A, Hafuka A, Kimura K. Quantitative and qualitative variations of biopolymers in a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater throughout 3 years of operation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116863. [PMID: 36470001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the fouling potential of mixed liquor suspension samples collected from a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) that treated municipal wastewater was monitored for more than 3 years. The fouling potential was assessed by batch filtration experiments using the same type of membrane as equipped in the MBR. The fouling potential increased when the temperature of the mixed liquor suspension in the MBR decreased. However, the polysaccharide and protein concentrations in the mixed liquor suspension, which have been focused on many previous studies, did not correlate with the fouling potential (R2 = 0.15 and 0.39, respectively). In contrast, the concentration of biopolymers, quantified by liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LC-OCD), exhibited a marked correlation with the fouling potential (R2 = 0.89). A high concentration of biopolymers with large molecular weight (>1 million Da) was likely responsible for the high fouling potential. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the dissolved organic matter in the mixed liquor suspension indicated that the chemical properties of the biopolymers considerably varied with the seasonal temperature variation, which has rarely been reported and gives insights into fouling in MBRs. The effect of temperature on the biopolymer concentration and molecular weight of biopolymers was also investigated in a separate bench-scale experiment in which temperature was controlled. It was clearly shown that a low temperature induced an increase in the biopolymer concentration and an associated increase in the fouling potential of the mixed liquor suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kakuda
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Rin Naito
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0828, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0828, Japan
| | - Akira Hafuka
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0828, Japan
| | - Katsuki Kimura
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0828, Japan
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4
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Tao C, Parker W, Bérubé P. Interaction of operating HRT and temperature on fouling of tertiary membranes treating municipal wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159812. [PMID: 36374727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the first study to quantify and demonstrate the interactions between SBR operating conditions (hydraulic retention time (HRT) and temperature) and soluble microbial product (SMP) generation, as well as the impact of SBR operating conditions and filtration temperature on fouling of membranes used in tertiary treatment. Reducing SBR operating HRT from 20 to 10 h resulted in an increase in SMP concentrations, however, the extent of the increase in high and low molecular weight (MW) organics was different for the effluents from SBRs operated at 8 and 20 °C. Results of SMP modelling demonstrated that a reduction in SBR operating HRT induced decreased utilization associated product (UAP) yields and the influence was greater at the SBR operating temperature of 8 °C. In contrast, biomass associated product (BAP) yields were relatively stable with SBR operating HRT but greater at lower SBR operating temperature. The effects of SBR operating HRT and temperature on fouling indices were also interactive. Reducing SBR operating HRT led to a lower increase in hydraulically reversible resistances and a greater increase in hydraulically irreversible resistances for the effluent from the SBR operated at 8 °C. Reducing the filtration temperature resulted in additional increase in membrane resistances, and the increase was greater at lower SBR operating HRT. The contribution of filtration temperature was observed to have the greatest impact on membrane resistances, followed in importance by SBR operating HRT and temperature. The comprehensive analysis undertaken in the present study provides insights into the interaction between secondary and tertiary operations on fouling development. The results can be employed to understand the limits of fouling control for tertiary treatment under challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tao
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West., Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Wayne Parker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West., Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pierre Bérubé
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Demir Ö, Atasoy AD, Çalış B, Çakmak Y, Di Capua F, Sahinkaya E, Uçar D. Impact of temperature and biomass augmentation on biosulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification in membrane bioreactors treating real nitrate-contaminated groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158470. [PMID: 36063930 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) contamination of groundwater is a major health concern worldwide as it can lead to serious illnesses such as methemoglobinemia and cancer. Autotrophic denitrification is a smart approach for treating groundwater, being typically organic-deficient. Lately, biogenic sulfur (S0bio) has emerged as a sustainable, free, and high-efficiency substrate to fuel membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating contaminated groundwater. However, the effects of moderate temperature and biomass concentration on the performance and fouling of the S0bio-fed MBR were not investigated previously. This study shows that biomass levels of ~1 g MLVSS/L limit membrane fouling but also denitrification efficiency. Biomass augmentation up to 3 g MLVSS/L enhanced denitrification but worsened fouling due to increase of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) levels in the bulk liquid. Temperature decrease from 30 °C to 20 °C halved denitrification efficiency, which could be partially recovered through bioaugmentation. The mechanisms affected by temperature decrease, practical applications, and future research needs were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Demir
- Environmental Engineering Department, Harran University, Osmanbey Campus, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey; GAP Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Center, Harran University, Osmanbey Campus, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Dilek Atasoy
- Environmental Engineering Department, Harran University, Osmanbey Campus, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey; GAP Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Center, Harran University, Osmanbey Campus, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Bedia Çalış
- Environmental Engineering Department, Harran University, Osmanbey Campus, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Yakup Çakmak
- Environmental Engineering Department, Bursa Technical University, Mimar Sinan Campus, 16310 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Erkan Sahinkaya
- Bioengineering Department, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Uçar
- Environmental Engineering Department, Bursa Technical University, Mimar Sinan Campus, 16310 Bursa, Turkey.
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Hube S, Lee S, Chong TH, Brynjólfsson S, Wu B. Biocarriers facilitated gravity-driven membrane filtration of domestic wastewater in cold climate: Combined effect of temperature and periodic cleaning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155248. [PMID: 35427614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two lava stone biocarrier facilitated gravity-driven membrane (GDM) reactors were operated at ~8 °C and ~22 °C in parallel for treating primary wastewater effluent. Although the biocarrier reactor at 8 °C displayed less efficient removals of biodegradable organics than that at 22 °C, both GDM systems (without cleaning) showed comparable fouling resistance distribution patterns, accompanying with similar cake filtration constants and pore constriction constants by modelling simulation. Compared to the GDM at 8 °C, more foulants were accumulated on the GDM at 22 °C, but they presented similar soluble organics/inorganics contents and specific cake resistances. This indicated the cake layers at 22 °C may contain greater-sized foulants due to proliferation of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, leading to a relatively less-porous nature. In the presence of periodic cleaning (at 50 °C), the cleaning effectiveness followed a sequence as ultrasonication-enhanced physical cleaning > two-phase flow cleaning > chemical-enhanced physical cleaning > physical cleaning, regardless of GDM operation temperature. However, significantly higher cake resistances were observed in the GDM system at 22 °C than those at 8 °C, because shear force tended to remove loosely-attached foulant layers and may compress the residual dense cake layer. The presence of periodic cleaning led to dissimilar dominant prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities in the cake layers as those without cleaning and in the lava stone biocarriers. Nevertheless, operation temperature did not influence GDM permeate quality, which met EU discharge standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Hube
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Seonki Lee
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One 06-08, S637141, Singapore; Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Tzyy Haur Chong
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One 06-08, S637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, S639798, Singapore
| | - Sigurður Brynjólfsson
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bing Wu
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Evaluation of the impact of SBR operating temperature and filtration temperature on fouling of membranes used for tertiary treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wen L, Huang XW, Li XY. Enhanced production of short-chain fatty acids from sludge by thermal hydrolysis and acidogenic fermentation for organic resource recovery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154389. [PMID: 35276155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acidogenic fermentation (FM treatment) converts organics in waste sludge to valuable short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). To maintain a favorable condition for the production of SCFAs, an alkali is often added continuously to maintain an alkaline pH in the fermenter. However, this chemical adjustment is costly and biotic hydrolysis is slow. In this research, thermal hydrolysis (TH) was introduced as a pretreatment to enhance fermentation and SCFA production. The results were compared with those obtained from the untreated sludge that underwent fermentation with a daily pH 10 adjustment (NT-FMpH10). The TH pretreatment resulted in rapid abiotic hydrolysis within a short period (1 h), releasing more than 30.5% of organics into the liquid phase of the sludge. These dissolved organics in sludge promoted rapid acidogenesis and SCFA production. TH together with a one-time alkali pretreatment further increased the production of SCFAs during sludge fermentation (TH&Alk-FM): it produced 22.8% more SCFAs than the non-treated NT-FMpH10 sludge with alkaline pH control during fermentation. Semicontinuous fermentation further showed the advantage of the TH&Alk-FM process, as a rapid and high production of SCFAs was achieved when the fermentation time was shortened from 5 d to 2 d. The microbial community analysis revealed that TH&Alk-FM and NT-FMpH10 sludge samples had simple but varied microbial communities. The dominant genera in the TH&Alk-FM sludge were unclassified Ruminococcaceae (18.9%) and unclassified Porphyromonadaceae (22.3%), belonging to the classes Clostridia and Bacteroidia, respectively. NT-FMpH10 was dominated by Tissierella (23.7%) and Proteiniborus (13.5%), which belong to Clostridia. Compared with NT-FMpH10, the microbial consortia in TH&Alk-FM were supplied with sufficient soluble organics and performed better in fermentation and SCFA production, without the need for the daily alkali addition to control pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wen
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Wu Huang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Han F, Li X, Zhang M, Liu Z, Han Y, Li Q, Zhou W. Solid-phase denitrification in high salinity and low-temperature wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125801. [PMID: 34438282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal from wastewater is often deteriorated under high salinity and low temperature. Solid-phase denitrification (SPD) might improve total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) by stably supplying carbon resources under adverse conditions. In this study, an SPD biofilm reactor was successfully established by inoculating halophilic sludge and filling poly (butanediol succinate) (PBS) granules, and achieved over 96% TNRE at low temperature. More extracellular polysaccharides were produced at low temperature. Microbial network analysis evidenced dominant heterotrophic denitrifiers (Marinicella, Fusibacter, Saccharicrinis and Vitellibacter) at 25 °C were replaced by genera Melioribacter, Marinobacter, Desulfatitalea and Thiomicrospira at 15 °C. At low temperature, genes nirS and narG might be mainly responsible for denitrification. Fluorescence spectrum coupled with fluorescence regional integration and parallel factor analysis revealed low temperature increased the proportion of proteins of soluble microbial products. This study provides guidance for the practical application of SPD in the treatment of high salinity and low-temperature wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, Jinan, Shandong 250002, China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Yufei Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Weizhi Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250002, China.
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Tao C, Parker W, Bérubé P. Assessing the role of cold temperatures on irreversible membrane permeability of tertiary ultrafiltration treating municipal wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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