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Yang Y, Bai W, Gan D, Zhu Y, Li X, Liang C, Xia S. A practical study on the near-zero discharge of rainwater and the collaborative treatment and regeneration of rainwater and sewage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173137. [PMID: 38740207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-conventional water recovery, recycling, and reuse have been considered imperative approaches to addressing water scarcity in China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of Water Reclamation Plants (WRP) based on an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor (A2O-MBR) system for unconventional water resource treatment and reuse in towns (domestic sewage and rainwater). Rainwater is collected and stored in the rainwater reservoir through the rainwater pipe network, and then transported to the WRP for treatment and reuse through the rainwater reuse pumping station during the peak water demand period. During a year of operation and evaluation process, a total of 610,000 cubic meters of rainwater were reused, accounting for 10.4 % of the treated wastewater. In the A2O-MBR operation, the average effluent concentrations for COD (chemical oxygen demand), NH4+-N (ammonium), TN (total nitrogen), and TP (total phosphorus) were 14.23 ± 4.07 mg/L, 0.22 ± 0.26 mg/L, 11.97 ± 1.54 mg/L, and 0.13 ± 0.09 mg/L, respectively. The effluent quality met standards suitable for reuse in industrial cooling water or for direct discharge. The WRP demonstrates a positive financial outlook, with total capital and operating costs totaling 0.16 $/m3. A comprehensive cost-benefit analysis indicates a positive net present value for the WRP, and the estimated annualized net profit is 0.024 $/m3. This research has achieved near-zero discharge of wastewater and effective allocation of rainwater resources across time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenlong Bai
- Inner Mongolia Dongyuan Environmental Protection Technology Co., LTD, Inner Mongolia 014399, China
| | - Defu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Tongji Architectural Design (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chengyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Tavakkoli Z, Valizadeh Maleki PM, Azamat J, Zaminpayma E, Erfan-Niya H. Atomistic understanding of Ti 3C 2 MXene membrane performance for separation of nitrate ions from aqueous solutions. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 130:108781. [PMID: 38678644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Water desalination, which is a reliable method for providing drinking water and a suitable solution, as well as the membrane filtration method in wastewater treatment, has increased significantly in recent years. In this research, the separation of nitrite and nitrate ions from aqueous solutions was done using the MXene membrane of the Ti3C2 type using molecular dynamics simulation. In this study, various parameters, such as pore size MXene structure, characteristics of cavities, applied pressure, and flux were investigated. To investigate the removal of toxic pollutants from water, water flux, potential mean force, distribution of water molecules, and density were investigated. The results showed that the amount of penetration through the membrane increased with the increase in pressure. It was observed that by applying pressure to the system, the number of water molecules accumulated in front of the membrane decreases because they quickly pass through the membrane, which indicates the positive effect of increasing pressure on the separation rate of molecules. The permeability of this membrane was several times higher than the existing membranes in the industry. So that Mexene membranes, which consist of at least two layers, can repel ions with 100 % success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tavakkoli
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jafar Azamat
- Department of Chemistry Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Zaminpayma
- Department of Physics, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hamid Erfan-Niya
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran.
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3
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Harifidy RZ, Hiroshi I, Harivelo RZM, Jun M, Kazuyoshi S, Keiichi M. Assessing future intra-basin water availability in madagascar: Accounting for climate change, population growth, and land use change. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121711. [PMID: 38723356 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The Major River Basins in Madagascar (MRBM) play a crucial role in providing water to the Malagasy population as well as the ecosystem. Little is known about the impact of climate change on these basins, and it is not clear what factors have the most significant impact on them. There are two central objectives of this study: 1. To assess the future potential water available for daily life and agriculture use across the MRBM. 2. To compare the projected change within the MRBM with the historical trends analysis and identify the water-stressed basins. In this paper, a new method for assessing the future available Intra-basin water resources combined with the impacts of climate change, land use, and population is proposed. Three imbalance indicators are introduced to quantify the spatial availability (indicator N°1), distribution (indicator N°2), and variability (indicator N°3) of the Potential Water Resources (PWR) available and have been applied to the MRBM. Under the SSP2-4.5 scenario, results showed a decreasing trend of the PWR in most of the basins by 2050 with a rise in evapotranspiration and a decline in precipitation. The increasing trend and uneven distribution of the population and agricultural land upstream/downstream are found to cause the reduction of the PWR available per capita (by 37 %) and agriculture area (by 69 %) across the MRBM. This study predicts water scarcity for most of the basins by 2050, especially in the Mangoro and Onilahy Basins. Upstream populations are expected to grow in Mahajamba, Mahavavy, Betsiboka, Manambolo, Tsiribihina, Mangoro, Onilahy, Mananara, and Mandrare basins, along with an expansion of the downstream agricultural land in Sofia, Betsiboka, Manambolo, Mangoky, and Mandrare basins. These findings enhance the cause-effect relationship between climate change, land use change, population growth, and water scarcity in the MRBM. Urgent action is therefore needed for an efficient and sustainable management of these water-stressed basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakotoarimanana Zy Harifidy
- Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8511, Japan.
| | - Ishidaira Hiroshi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
| | | | - Magome Jun
- Interdisciplinary Centre for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
| | - Souma Kazuyoshi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
| | - Masutani Keiichi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
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Lebu S, Lee A, Salzberg A, Bauza V. Adaptive strategies to enhance water security and resilience in low- and middle-income countries: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171520. [PMID: 38460697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The water sector is facing unprecedented pressures as increased environmental and anthropogenic challenges, such as climate change and rapid urbanization, impact the availability and predictability of safe drinking water. There is a need for practitioners and policymakers to integrate water security and resilience (WS&R) factors into programming to sustain investments in drinking water systems to support associated economic, security, and public health benefits. In response to intensifying impacts from WS&R risks, communities around the world are developing adaptive strategies, and a critical review of these strategies may provide lessons that can be implemented at scale. In this critical review, we systematically screened over 9000 peer-reviewed and grey literature articles and extracted data from relevant studies that propose, pilot, and/or evaluate adaptations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and evaluated the suitability of each adaptation for different contexts. We created a portfolio of adaptive strategies from over 75 LMICs to inform practitioners and policymakers in enhancing the resilience of drinking water systems. Over 20 adaptations were identified, including strategies such as stormwater management, wastewater reuse, non-revenue water reductions, water pricing, and public awareness campaigns. We categorized adaptations by function (improving water management, augmenting existing supplies, reducing water demand) and scale (household, municipal, regional) to provide recommendations tailored to local needs. For each adaptation, we highlighted associated strengths, weaknesses, barriers to adoption, and enabling environments for successful implementation. We propose a novel decision-support tool, called STEP WS&R, that provides a consistent and replicable process for informing high-level investment and policy choices around WS&R. This critical review presents recommendations for practitioners and policymakers to invest in WS&R adaptations, catered to shared risks and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lebu
- The Water Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Allison Lee
- The Water Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Aaron Salzberg
- The Water Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Valerie Bauza
- The Water Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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Lin H, Yang Y, Hsu YC, Zhang J, Welton C, Afolabi I, Loo M, Zhou HC. Metal-Organic Frameworks for Water Harvesting and Concurrent Carbon Capture: A Review for Hygroscopic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2209073. [PMID: 36693232 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As water scarcity becomes a pending global issue, hygroscopic materials prove a significant solution. Thus, there is a good cause following the structure-performance relationship to review the recent development of hygroscopic materials and provide inspirational insight into creative materials. Herein, traditional hygroscopic materials, crystalline frameworks, polymers, and composite materials are reviewed. The similarity in working conditions of water harvesting and carbon capture makes simultaneously addressing water shortages and reduction of greenhouse effects possible. Concurrent water harvesting and carbon capture is likely to become a future challenge. Therefore, an emphasis is laid on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for their excellent performance in water and CO2 adsorption, and representative role of micro- and mesoporous materials. Herein, the water adsorption mechanisms of MOFs are summarized, followed by a review of MOF's water stability, with a highlight on the emerging machine learning (ML) technique to predict MOF water stability and water uptake. Recent advances in the mechanistic elaboration of moisture's effects on CO2 adsorption are reviewed. This review summarizes recent advances in water-harvesting porous materials with special attention on MOFs and expects to direct researchers' attention into the topic of concurrent water harvesting and carbon capture as a future challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yihao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yu-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Claire Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ibukun Afolabi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Marshal Loo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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6
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Silva-Gálvez AL, López-Sánchez A, Camargo-Valero MA, Prosenc F, González-López ME, Gradilla-Hernández MS. Strategies for livestock wastewater treatment and optimised nutrient recovery using microalgal-based technologies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120258. [PMID: 38387343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Global sustainable development faces several challenges in addressing the needs of a growing population. Regarding food industries, the heightening pressure to meet these needs has resulted in increased waste generation. Thus, recognising these wastes as valuable resources is crucial to integrating sustainable models into current production systems. For instance, the current 24 billion tons of nutrient-rich livestock wastewater (LW) generated yearly could be recovered and valorised via biological uptake through microalgal biomass. Microalgae-based livestock wastewater treatment (MbLWT) has emerged as an effective technology for nutrient recovery, specifically targeting carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. However, the viability and efficacy of these systems rely on the characteristics of LW, including organic matter and ammonium concentration, content of suspended solids, and microbial load. Thus, this systematic literature review aims to provide guidance towards implementing an integral MbLWT system for nutrient control and recovery, discussing several pre-treatments used in literature to overcome the challenges regarding LW as a suitable media for microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Silva-Gálvez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico; BioResource Systems Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Anaid López-Sánchez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero
- BioResource Systems Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Campus La Nubia, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Franja Prosenc
- BioResource Systems Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Martín Esteban González-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Misael Sebastián Gradilla-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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7
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Wen F, Huang N. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Water Harvesting from Air. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400049. [PMID: 38369966 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite approximately 70 % of the earth being covered by water, water shortage has emerged as an urgent social challenge. Sorbent-based atmospheric water harvesting stands out as a potent approach to alleviate the situation, particularly in arid regions. This method requires adsorbents with ample working capacity, rapid kinetics, low energy costs, and long-term stability under operating conditions. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a novel class of crystalline porous materials and offer distinct advantages due to their high specific surface area, structural diversity, and robustness. These properties enable the rational design and customization of their water-harvesting capabilities. Herein, the basic concepts about the water sorption process within COFs, including the parameters that qualitatively or quantitatively describe their water isotherms and the mechanism are summarized. Then, the recent methods used to prepare COFs-based water harvesters are reviewed, emphasizing the structural diversity of COFs and presenting the common empirical understandings of these endeavors. Finally, challenges and research concepts are proposed to help develop next-generation COFs-based water harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
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Wang W, Wu F. Dynamic simulation for reclaimed water reuse under multi-intervention policies in China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25309. [PMID: 38327439 PMCID: PMC10847650 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Unconventional water constitutes the fundamental approach to addressing global water scarcity and achieving the sustainable circulation of water resources. Due to the significant environmental advantages and economical production costs, reclaimed water has emerged as a preeminent unconventional source. However, the use in China confronts the predicament of oversupply relative to demand, requiring policy measures to overcome this challenge. Limited research exists on the combined impact of subsidies and water quality information disclosure supervision on reclaimed water utilization, potentially underestimating the practical incentivizing role of water quality information disclosure. Therefore, based on the framework of 'external environment-perceived value-utilization intention,' a multi-agent-based simulation model driven by evolutionary game theory is constructed, from micro to macro perspective, to investigate the composite effects of subsidies and water quality information disclosure supervision on public intentions for reclaimed water utilization and the evolutionary track of public decision-making. The results showed that (1) The influence of subsidies on the public's inclination toward reclaimed water has regional heterogeneity. In regions with average economic development, the subsidy policy shows an inverted U-shaped correlation with the public's intention to reclaimed water, indicating the presence of an optimal value for maximizing the promotional effect of subsidies. Conversely, the effect is less discernible in regions with higher economic development. (2) In regions with average economic development, supervision of information disclosure behavior can avert the diminishing incentivizing effects under radical subsidies, but the assistance of various supervision intensities is different. (3) In regions with higher economic development, the incentive effect of subsidies can be positively modulated by the supervision policy. Interactions between subsidy and supervision policies evoke diverse chain reactions under varying intensities in these regions, and the combination of moderate subsidies and high supervision emerges as the most optimal strategy to advance reclaimed water development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Business School, Hohai University, No.8, Fucheng West Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211100, China
| | - Fengping Wu
- Business School, Hohai University, No.8, Fucheng West Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211100, China
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Imtiazy MN, Hunter K, Hudson JJ. In-reservoir transformation of dissolved organic matter as a function of hydrological flow. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120099. [PMID: 38232598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Reservoirs are vital to meet the ever-increasing demands for freshwater in a warming climate. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents an important pool of carbon and can be a major concern in drinking water sources. However, insights into DOM dynamics in temperate, semi-arid reservoirs remain limited. Therefore, we investigated the variations in DOM properties in Lake Diefenbaker, a large reservoir on the Canadian Prairies, by analyzing eight years of DOM concentrations and composition through linear mixed effect modeling. Contrary to expectations, reservoir dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration showed no correlation with inflow from the South Saskatchewan River (p = 0.12), while dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) increased with decreasing inflow (p = 0.002). DOM optical indices (SUVA254 and E4:E6 ratio) and DOC:DON ratio revealed a pronounced influence of inflow on reservoir DOM composition (p < 0.001), i.e., allochthonous characteristics increased with increasing flow, and autochthonous characteristics increased with declining flow. Travel time corrected comparison of approximately the same water parcel along the reservoir length revealed that increasing water residence time in downstream regions led to a significant transformation in DOM composition, favoring autochthonous characteristics (mean SUVA254 reduced by 0.52 L mg-C-1 m-1, and the E4:E6 and spectral slope ratio increased by 1.6 and 0.06, respectively). Autochthonous DOC inputs likely offset the allochthonous DOC losses, which resulted in a relatively stable DOC concentration throughout the reservoir (mean 3.7 mg L-1). Additionally, the effect of a large aquaculture operation on reservoir DOM properties was investigated, but no effect was detected. The results have significant implications for managing large river-reservoirs. Autochthonous DOM poses challenges to water processing, necessitating monitoring of DOM composition for reservoir drinking water quality. Insights on climate-induced changes in DOM properties will also assist with understanding changes to habitat conditions and contaminant transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Noim Imtiazy
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Kristine Hunter
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Jeff J Hudson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Wang F, Yu Y, Wu J, Cai Y, Shi J, Morikawa H, Zhu C. Multi-bioinspired hierarchical integrated hydrogel for passive fog harvesting and solar-driven seawater desalination. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2023; 466:143330. [PMID: 37193347 PMCID: PMC10162477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.143330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the outbreak and epidemic of the novel coronavirus in the world, how to obtain clean water from the limited resources has become an urgent issue of concern to all mankind. Atmospheric water harvesting technology and solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology have shown great potential in seeking clean and sustainable water resources. Here, inspired by a variety of organisms in nature, a multi-functional hydrogel matrix composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA) cross-linked by borax as well as doped with zeolitic imidazolate framework material 67 (ZIF-67) and graphene owning macro/micro/nano hierarchical structure has successfully fabricated for producing clean water. The hydrogel not only can reach the average water harvesting ratio up to 22.44 g g-1 under the condition of fog flow after 5 h, but also be capable of desorbing the harvested water with water release efficiency of 1.67 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun. In addition to excellent performance in passive fog harvesting, the evaporation rate over 1.89 kg m-2 h-1 is attained under 1 sun on natural seawater during long-term. This hydrogel indicates its potential in producing clean water resources in multiple scenarios in different dry or wet states, and which holds great promise for flexible electronic materials and sustainable sewage or wastewater treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Feifei Wang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yongtao Yu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yingying Cai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Jian Shi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morikawa
- Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Chunhong Zhu
- Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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11
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Cruz DE, Tan RR. Cost and water footprint trade-off in a supply chain optimization model. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37359166 PMCID: PMC10233191 DOI: 10.1007/s10098-023-02549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Water footprint (WF) is an appropriate tool to help any water-intensive industrial system to adapt to climate change. WF is a metric where the direct and indirect freshwater consumption of a country, firm, activity, or product are quantified. Most of existing WF literature emphasizes the assessment of products, not the optimal decision making in the supply chain. To address this research gap, a bi-objective optimization model is developed for supplier selection in a supply chain that minimizes costs and WF. Apart from determining the sources of raw materials to use in producing the products, the model also determines the actions to be taken by the firm in case of supply shortages. The model is demonstrated using three illustrative case studies which show that WF embedded in the raw materials can influence the actions to be taken when addressing issues on raw material availability. The WF becomes significant in the decisions in this bi-objective optimization problem when it is given a weight of at least 20% (or the weight of the cost is at most 80%) for case study 1 and at least 50% for case study 2. When the assigned weight in cost reaches the point where WF becomes significant, the increase in the assigned weight in WF has an inverse impact on the total cost. Case study 3 demonstrates the stochastic variant of the model. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10098-023-02549-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis E. Cruz
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, Manila, Philippines
| | - Raymond R. Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, Manila, Philippines
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Kim HT, Afsari M, Tan NPB, Shon HK, Tijing LD. Recent Progress on Passive, Thermally Localized Solar-Driven Multistage Water Evaporation. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050460. [PMID: 37233520 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thermally localized solar-driven water evaporation (SWE) in recent years has increasingly been developed due to the potential of cost-efficient freshwater production from small-scale portable devices. In particular, the multistage SWE has attracted much attention as the systems possess mostly a simple foundational structure and high solar-to-thermal conversion output rates, enough to produce freshwater from 1.5 L m-2h-1 (LMH) to 6 LMH. In this study, the currently designed multistage SWE devices were reviewed and examined based on their unique characteristics as well as their performances in freshwater production. The main distinguishing factors in these systems were the condenser staging design and the spectrally selective absorbers either in a form of high solar absorbing material, photovoltaic (PV) cells for water and electricity co-production, and coupling of absorber and solar concentrator. Other elements of the devices involved differences such as the direction of water flow, the number of layers constructed, and the materials used for each layer of the system. The key factors to consider for these systems include the heat and mass transport in the device, solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency, gain output ratio (representing how many times the latent heat has been reused), water production rate/number of stages, and kWh/number of stages. It was evident that most of the studied devices involved slightly different mechanisms and material compositions to draw out higher efficiency rates from the current limitations. The reviewed designs showed the ability to be adopted into small-scale solar desalination allowing for accessibility of sufficient freshwater in needing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Tae Kim
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Morteza Afsari
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Noel Peter B Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Technology, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines
- Center for Advanced New Materials, Engineering, and Emerging Technologies (CANMEET), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Nutrients in a Circular Economy, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Leonard D Tijing
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Nutrients in a Circular Economy, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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13
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Getya D, Lucas A, Gitsov I. Composite Hydrogels Based on Poly(Ethylene Glycol) and Cellulose Macromonomers as Fortified Materials for Environmental Cleanup and Clean Water Safeguarding. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087558. [PMID: 37108723 PMCID: PMC10144984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollution with organic dyes is one of the most typical environmental problems related to industrial wastewater. The removal of these dyes opens up new prospects for environmental remediation, but the design of sustainable and inexpensive systems for water purification is a fundamental challenge. This paper reports the synthesis of novel fortified hydrogels that can bind and remove organic dyes from aqueous solutions. These hydrophilic conetworks consist of chemically modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-m) and multifunctional cellulose macromonomers ("cellu-mers"). Williamson etherification with 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (4-VBC) is used to modify PEGs of different molecular masses (1, 5, 6, and 10 kDa) and cellobiose, Sigmacell, or Technocell™ T-90 cellulose (products derived from natural renewable resources) with polymerizable/crosslinkable moieties. The networks are formed with good (75%) to excellent (96%) yields. They show good swelling and have good mechanical properties according to rheological tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that cellulose fibers are visibly embedded into the inner hydrogel structure. The ability to bind and remove organic dyes, such as bromophenol blue (BPB), methylene blue (MB), and crystal violet (CV), from aqueous solutions hints at the potential of the new cellulosic hydrogels for environmental cleanup and clean water safeguarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariya Getya
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, NY 132101, USA
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Alec Lucas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ivan Gitsov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, NY 132101, USA
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- The BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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14
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Noureen L, Wang Q, Humayun M, Shah WA, Xu Q, Wang X. Recent advances in structural engineering of photocatalysts for environmental remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115084. [PMID: 36535396 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis appears to be an appealing approach for environmental remediation including pollutants degradation in water, air, and/or soil, due to the utilization of renewable and sustainable source of energy, i.e., solar energy. However, their broad applications remain lagging due to the challenges in pollutant degradation efficiency, large-scale catalyst production, and stability. In recent decades, massive efforts have been devoted to advance the photocatalysis technology for improved environmental remediation. In this review, the latest progress in this aspect is overviewed, particularly, the strategies for improved light sensitivity, charge separation, and hybrid approaches. We also emphasize the low efficiency and poor stability issues with the current photocatalytic systems. Finally, we provide future suggestions to further enhance the photocatalyst performance and lower its large-scale production cost. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the fundamental science and technical engineering of photocatalysis in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Noureen
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Humayun
- School of Optical and Electronics Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronic, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | | | - Qiyong Xu
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xinwei Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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15
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Abdelkarim B, Telahigue F, Abaab N, Boudabra B, Agoubi B. AHP and GIS for assessment of groundwater suitability for irrigation purpose in coastal-arid zone: Gabes region, southeastern Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:15422-15437. [PMID: 36169841 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In southern Tunisia especially in Gabes region, irrigated agriculture is the major economic sector. The intensive exploitation of groundwater have been gradually rising, leading the water quality to deteriorate. To ensure sustainable development and preserve water, soil, and land cover resources, a careful estimation of the irrigation water quality, which influence on the regional agriculture activities. The objective of this study is to investigate the irrigation water suitability based on hydrogeological, hydrochemical, and analytic hierarchy approach (AHP) and water quality index (WQI). Results highlighted that TDS of the groundwater ranged from 0.4 to 6 g/L. The most abundant chemical species in the water were Ca2+, Cl-, SO42-, and Na+, with mean concentration of 460 mg/L, 1320 mg/L, 1450 mg/L, and 1200 mg/L, respectively. The largest amounts were discovered along the shoreline and in deep aquifers embedded in Cretaceous sediments. AHP has used as multicriteria decision analysis, to weighting groundwater quality criteria, and groundwater suitability for irrigation has been mapped. Based on the Quality index "WQI", the water samples are categorized into three types: excellent, acceptable, and worthless. A 45% of sampled water is not suitable for irrigation use. However, groundwater quality is increasingly poor towards the coastal areas and north of the study area. This study concluded that the method adopted in assessing the groundwater quality in arid coastal areas led to important results and could be helpful scholar to improve their research especially in similar areas. It can also assist decision makers in taking proactive solutions to protect and preserve groundwater resources from pollution risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilel Abdelkarim
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques des Eaux de Gabès, Université de Gabès, Gabès, Tunisia.
- LR: Applied Hydro-Sciences Laboratory Research Campus Universitaire, 6072 Zrig, Gabes, Tunisia.
| | - Faten Telahigue
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques des Eaux de Gabès, Université de Gabès, Gabès, Tunisia
- LR: Applied Hydro-Sciences Laboratory Research Campus Universitaire, 6072 Zrig, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Abaab
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques des Eaux de Gabès, Université de Gabès, Gabès, Tunisia
- U. R: 3G - Géosystèmes, Géoressources et Géoenvironnements, Faculté des Sciences de Gabes, UR13ES80, Gabes, Tunisia
- Le Mans Université, Géosciences Le Mans, LPG UMR 6112, 72085, Le Mans, France
| | - Belgacem Boudabra
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques des Eaux de Gabès, Université de Gabès, Gabès, Tunisia
- LR: Applied Hydro-Sciences Laboratory Research Campus Universitaire, 6072 Zrig, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Belgacem Agoubi
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques des Eaux de Gabès, Université de Gabès, Gabès, Tunisia
- LR: Applied Hydro-Sciences Laboratory Research Campus Universitaire, 6072 Zrig, Gabes, Tunisia
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16
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Beke M, Velempini T, Pillay K. Synthesis and application of NiO-ZrO2@g-C3N4 Nanocomposite for High-performance Hybrid Capacitive Deionisation. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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17
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Polydopamine modified ZIF-L/sodium alginate composites as the highly efficient photothermal membrane for solar steam generation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Behling R, Roessner S, Foerster S, Saemian P, Tourian MJ, Portele TC, Lorenz C. Interrelations of vegetation growth and water scarcity in Iran revealed by satellite time series. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20784. [PMID: 36456635 PMCID: PMC9715656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Iran has experienced a drastic increase in water scarcity in the last decades. The main driver has been the substantial unsustainable water consumption of the agricultural sector. This study quantifies the spatiotemporal dynamics of Iran's hydrometeorological water availability, land cover, and vegetation growth and evaluates their interrelations with a special focus on agricultural vegetation developments. It analyzes globally available reanalysis climate data and satellite time series data and products, allowing a country-wide investigation of recent 20+ years at detailed spatial and temporal scales. The results reveal a wide-spread agricultural expansion (27,000 km[Formula: see text]) and a significant cultivation intensification (48,000 km[Formula: see text]). At the same time, we observe a substantial decline in total water storage that is not represented by a decrease of meteorological water input, confirming an unsustainable use of groundwater mainly for agricultural irrigation. As consequence of water scarcity, we identify agricultural areas with a loss or reduction of vegetation growth (10,000 km[Formula: see text]), especially in irrigated agricultural areas under (hyper-)arid conditions. In Iran's natural biomes, the results show declining trends in vegetation growth and land cover degradation from sparse vegetation to barren land in 40,000 km[Formula: see text], mainly along the western plains and foothills of the Zagros Mountains, and at the same time wide-spread greening trends, particularly in regions of higher altitudes. Overall, the findings provide detailed insights in vegetation-related causes and consequences of Iran's anthropogenic drought and can support sustainable management plans for Iran or other semi-arid regions worldwide, often facing similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Behling
- grid.23731.340000 0000 9195 2461Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics Section, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sigrid Roessner
- grid.23731.340000 0000 9195 2461Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics Section, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Saskia Foerster
- grid.23731.340000 0000 9195 2461Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics Section, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peyman Saemian
- grid.5719.a0000 0004 1936 9713Institute of Geodesy, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mohammad J. Tourian
- grid.5719.a0000 0004 1936 9713Institute of Geodesy, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tanja C. Portele
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Alpin, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Christof Lorenz
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Alpin, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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19
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Effective salt removal from domestic reverse osmosis reject water in a microbial desalination cell. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:172. [PMID: 35845113 PMCID: PMC9279519 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDC) are evaluated as an environmentally friendly approach for purifying saline water by using power generated by the decomposition of organic materials in the wastewater. The present study is to evaluate the ferrocyanide-redox and biocathode approach in treating simulated saline water and subsequently recovering bio-electricity using actual domestic reverse osmosis reject water. For the desalination of simulated saline water and domestic reverse osmosis reject water, a three-chamber microbial desalination cell with graphite electrodes and anion and cation exchange membranes was constructed. When treating simulated saline water, the biocathode technique achieved a 5% improvement in salt removal and a 4.9% increase in current and power density when compared to the ferrocyanide-redox approach. When biocathode MDC was used to treat domestic reverse osmosis reject water, a maximum current and power density of 3.81 μA/cm2 and 0.337 μW/cm2, respectively, were recorded, as well as COD removal of 83.9% at the desalination chamber and ions reduction for Na, K, and Ca of up to 79%, 76.5%, and 72%, respectively, in a batch operation for 31 days with a stable pH (≈ 7). Thus, the study revealed a microbial desalination cell capable of recovering bioenergy and reducing salt from domestic reverse osmosis reject water with a consistent pH range.
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20
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Kalankesh LR, Rodriguez-Couto S, Alami A, Khosravan S, Meshki M, Ahmadov E, Mohammadpour A, Bahri N. Socio-Environmental Determinants and Human Health Exposures in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Iran-Narrative Review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221089738. [PMID: 35450270 PMCID: PMC9016567 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221089738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle is different in arid and semi-arid zones. However, where people are born and live have a lasting influence on their social and environmental exposure. This review focuses on the, various dimensions of environmental health imbalance inequality especially in significant environmental sources such as (ie, air, water, soil) among provinces that creates a big health gap in the center, East and the Southeast of Iran. Thus, the population of the arid and semi-arid zones of Iran is facing respiratory, cardiovascular, cancer and infection diseases linked to environmental problems such as chemical and microbial pollution due to air pollution and unsafe water sources, respectively. The prevalence of certain types of cancer such as skin, stomach, bladder, prostate and colorectal cancer together with some respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in arid and semiarid zones such as Kerman, Yazd, etc., has been reported in comparison with other provinces frequently. These impacts have effects on multiple levels of health security in those zones. Based on these concerns, we propose key questions that should guide research in the context of the socio environmental science to support science-based management actions in Iran and other similar semi-arid areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh R. Kalankesh
- Social Determinants of Health Research
Center, Gonabad University of Medical sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Alami
- Social Determinants of Health Research
Center, Gonabad University of Medical sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Shahla Khosravan
- Social Determinants of Health Research
Center, Gonabad University of Medical sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Meshki
- Social Determinants of Health Research
Center, Gonabad University of Medical sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Elshen Ahmadov
- Azerbaijan State University of
Economics (UNEC), Bako, Azerbaijan
| | - Ali Mohammadpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research
Center, Gonabad University of Medical sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Narges Bahri
- Social Determinants of Health Research
Center, Gonabad University of Medical sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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21
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Dhakal N, Salinas-Rodriguez SG, Hamdani J, Abushaban A, Sawalha H, Schippers JC, Kennedy MD. Is Desalination a Solution to Freshwater Scarcity in Developing Countries? MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040381. [PMID: 35448351 PMCID: PMC9029386 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Rapid population growth and urbanization are two main drivers for the over-abstraction of conventional freshwater resources in various parts of the world, which leads to the situation of water scarcity (per capita availability <1000 m3/year). Predictions based on the World Bank projected population data and the FAO AQUASTAT database for freshwater availability show that by 2050, 2 billion people living in 44 countries will likely suffer from water scarcity, of which 95% may live in developing countries. Among these, the countries that will likely be most strongly hit by water scarcity by 2050 are Uganda, Burundi, Nigeria, Somalia, Malawi, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Haiti, Tanzania, Niger, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Sudan, and Pakistan. Currently, these countries have not yet established desalination to meet their freshwater demand. However, the current global trend shows that membrane-based desalination technology is finding new outlets for supplying water to meet growing water demand in most of the water-scarce countries. These 14 water-scarce countries will demand an additional desalination capacity of 54 Mm3/day by 2050 in order to meet the standard of current municipal water demand and to compensate for the withdrawal of renewable resources. Case studies from India, China, and South Africa have highlighted that other countries may apply the strategy of using desalinated water for industrial users. Moreover, challenges to the widespread adoption of desalination exist such as expense, significant energy use, the need for specialized staff training, the large carbon footprint of facilities, environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emission (GHGs), chemical discharge, and operational problems such as membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Dhakal
- Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; (S.G.S.-R.); (J.C.S.); (M.D.K.)
- Wetsus, The European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sergio G. Salinas-Rodriguez
- Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; (S.G.S.-R.); (J.C.S.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Jamal Hamdani
- International Water Research Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
| | - Almotasembellah Abushaban
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands;
| | - Hassan Sawalha
- Research Center of Excellence in Water, Energy and Environment Mechanical Engineering Department, Palestine Polytechnic University, Wadi Al-Haria, Hebron P.O. Box 198, Palestine;
| | - Jan C. Schippers
- Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; (S.G.S.-R.); (J.C.S.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Maria D. Kennedy
- Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; (S.G.S.-R.); (J.C.S.); (M.D.K.)
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands;
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22
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Zhu Q, Tran LT, Wang Y, Qi L, Zhou W, Zhou L, Yu D, Dai L. A framework of freshwater services flow model into assessment on water security and quantification of transboundary flow: A case study in northeast China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114318. [PMID: 34933262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem service flow dynamics which establish the linkage between human and nature is essential in an ecosystem service assessment. This study constructed an ecosystem service flow model of freshwater flow then utilized it to assess the water-related ecosystem services in northeast China. We included the provision, consumption, and spatial flow of freshwater services in an index to assess the water security condition and quantified the services trans-boundary flow from the northeast forest belt (NFB) in northeast China. Our results showed that large areas (50.54%, 55.10% and 52.90%, respectively) of northeast China received upstream freshwater service in three years. The water security condition of northeast China deteriorated from 2005 to 2015 with the change of water security index considering water flow (WSIflow), mainly influenced by precipitation and agriculture water consumption. Approximately 4.16 billion m3 of freshwater service were delivered from NFB to surrounding regions demonstrating the importance of NFB in terms of ecosystem service provision. In addition, 73 key watersheds (4.71% of total area) within NFB that significantly affect the trans-boundary flow were further identified. We suggested that local government should advocate develop water-saving agriculture and livestock water quotas. Moreover, priorities should be given to protect the key watersheds within NFB in order to maintain the supply of freshwater service. This study provided a framework for exploring suitable strategies for managing water resources and laid a foundation for promoting the ecological compensation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Liem T Tran
- Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lin Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China; Biological Invasion Research Center, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China.
| | - Wangming Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Dapao Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Limin Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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23
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Going beyond Global Indicators—Policy Relevant Indicators for SDG 6 Targets in the Context of Austria. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Bringing forward sustainable transformation as envisioned within the Agenda 2030 requires comprehensive monitoring of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) formulated therein. To monitor and report progress on goal 6 on clean water and sanitation and its eight pertinent targets, 11 indicators were stipulated in an elaborated process. Yet, through continuous scientific and public scrutiny and debate several gaps and weaknesses were identified. Amongst others, these globally defined indicators are found to reflect weakly the diversity of national realities, capacities and levels of development. To translate the targets into national contexts and fully cover all aspects of the SDG 6 targets, the utilization of complementary indicators is recommended. Within this paper, following a critical appraisal of the SDG 6 indicators, possible complementary indicators are collected from literature and screened based on their quality, relevance for the national context and data availability. A deepened status quo of the SDG 6 targets and corresponding problem areas are outlined for the context of Austria, where water and sanitation infrastructure as well as regulation and governance of water bodies are widely established. Despite increasing the monitoring effort, it is concluded that complementary indicators are practicable to support coherent policy-making and ultimately contribute to the Agenda 2030’s aspiration that all countries take action.
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