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Sberna G, Mija C, Lalle E, Rozera G, Matusali G, Carletti F, Girardi E, Maggi F. Rapid Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Integrity and Infectivity by Using Propidium Monoazide Coupled with Digital Droplet PCR. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6156. [PMID: 38892344 PMCID: PMC11172733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly infectious virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is important to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in persistently positive patients. Rapid discrimination between infectious and non-infectious viruses aids in determining whether prevention, control, and treatment measures are necessary. For this purpose, a method was developed and utilized involving a pre-treatment with 50 µM of propidium monoazide (PMAxx, a DNA intercalant) combined with a digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). The ddPCR method was performed on 40 nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) both before and after treatment with PMAxx, revealing a reduction in the viral load at a mean of 0.9 Log copies/mL (SD ± 0.6 Log copies/mL). Furthermore, six samples were stratified based on the Ct values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (Ct < 20, 20 < Ct < 30, Ct > 30) and analyzed to compare the results obtained via a ddPCR with viral isolation and a negative-chain PCR. Of the five samples found positive via a ddPCR after the PMAxx treatment, two of the samples showed the highest post-treatment SARS-CoV-2 loads. The virus was isolated in vitro from both samples and the negative strand chains were detected. In three NPS samples, SARS CoV-2 was present post-treatment at a low level; it was not isolated in vitro, and, when detected, the strand was negative. Our results indicate that the established method is useful for determining whether the SARS-CoV-2 within positive NPS samples is intact and capable of causing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sberna
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Cosmina Mija
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lalle
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Rozera
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carletti
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy
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Dinu LD, Al-Zaidi QJ, Matache AG, Matei F. Improving the Efficiency of Viability-qPCR with Lactic Acid Enhancer for the Selective Detection of Live Pathogens in Foods. Foods 2024; 13:1021. [PMID: 38611327 PMCID: PMC11012224 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli are the most prevalent foodborne bacteria, and their accurate detection in food samples is critical for ensuring food safety. Therefore, a quick technique named viability-qPCR (v-qPCR), which is based on the ability of a selective dye, such as propidium monoazide (PMA), to differentiate between alive and dead cells, has been developed. Despite diverse, successful applications, v-qPCR is impaired by some practical limitations, including the ability of PMA to penetrate the outer membrane of dead Gram-negative bacteria. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of lactic acid (LA) to improve PMA penetration and, thus, the efficiency of v-qPCR in detecting the live fraction of pathogens. The pre-treatment of E. coli ATCC 8739 cells with 10 mM LA greatly increased PMA penetration into dead cells compared to conventional PMA-qPCR assay, avoiding false positive results. The limit of detection when using LA-PMA qPCR is 1% viable cells in a mixture of dead and alive cells. The optimized LA-PMA qPCR method was reliably able to detect log 2 CFU/mL culturable E. coli in milk spiked with viable and non-viable bacteria. Lactic acid is cheap, has low toxicity, and can be used to improve the efficiency of the v-qPCR assay, which is economically interesting for larger-scale pathogen detection applications intended for food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Dorina Dinu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (Q.J.A.-Z.); (A.G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Quthama Jasim Al-Zaidi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (Q.J.A.-Z.); (A.G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Adelina Georgiana Matache
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (Q.J.A.-Z.); (A.G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Florentina Matei
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (Q.J.A.-Z.); (A.G.M.); (F.M.)
- Faculty of Food Industry and Tourism, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500015 Brasov, Romania
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Yin W, Hu J, Chen F, Zhu L, Ma Y, Wang N, Wei H, Yang H, Chou SH, He J. Combining hybrid nanoflowers with hybridization chain reaction for highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341838. [PMID: 37827653 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has had enormous social and economic impacts so far. The nucleocapsid protein (N protein) is highly conserved and is a key antigenic marker for the diagnosis of early SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS In this study, the N protein was first captured by an aptamer (Aptamer 58) coupled to magnetic beads (MBs), which in turn were bound to another DNA sequence containing the aptamer (Aptamer 48-Initiator). After adding 5'-biotinylated hairpin DNA Amplifier 1 and Amplifier 2 with cohesive ends for complementary hybridization, the Initiator in the Aptamer 48-Initiator began to trigger the hybridization chain reaction (HCR), generating multiple biotin-labeled DNA concatamers. When incubated with synthetic streptavidin-invertase-Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflower (SICa), DNA concatamers could specifically bind to SICa through biotin-streptavidin interaction with high affinity. After adding sucrose, invertase in SICa hydrolyzed sucrose to glucose, whose concentration could be directly read with a portable glucometer, and its concentration was positively correlated with the amount of captured N protein. The method is highly sensitive with a detection limit as low as 1 pg/mL. SIGNIFICANCE We believe this study provided a practical solution for the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and offered a new method for detecting other viruses through different target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Ji Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingxin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Nuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hongping Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Hang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Shan-Ho Chou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Maubert B, Theillière C, Jany P, Bourlet T, Deschamps J, Pozzetto B, Singh F, Gadea E. Ultrafast inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by 254-nm UV-C irradiation on porous and non-porous media of medical interest using an omnidirectional chamber. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12648. [PMID: 37542073 PMCID: PMC10403608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Covid-19 has spurred a renewed interest in decontamination techniques for air, objects and surfaces. Beginning in 2020, urgent effort was done to permit the reuse of UV-C for inactivating SARS-CoV-2. However, those studies diverged widely on the dose necessary to reach this goal; until today, the real value of the sensitivity of the virus to a 254-nm illumination is not known precisely. In this study, decontamination was performed in an original UV-C large decontamination chamber (UVCab, ON-LIGHT, France) delivering an omnidirectional irradiation with an average dose of 50 mJ/cm2 in 60 s. Viral inactivation was checked by both cell culture and PCR test. SARS-CoV-2 was inactivated by UV-C light within 3 s on both porous (disposable gown) and non-porous (stainless steel and apron) surfaces. For the porous surface, an irradiation of 5 min was needed to achieve a completely negative PCR signal. The Z value estimating the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to UV-C in the experimental conditions of our cabinet was shown to be > 0.5820 m2/J. These results illustrate the ability of this apparatus to inactivate rapidly and definitively high loads of SARS-CoV-2 deposited on porous or non-porous supports and opens new perspectives on material decontamination using UV-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Maubert
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Emile Roux, 43000, Le Puy en Velay, France
| | - Camille Theillière
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Emile Roux, 43000, Le Puy en Velay, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Univ St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Univ Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Prescillia Jany
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Emile Roux, 43000, Le Puy en Velay, France
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Univ St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Univ Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service des Agents Infectieux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jérôme Deschamps
- ON-LIGHT SAS, SMO Biopole Clermont-Limagne, 63360, Saint Beauzire, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Univ St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Univ Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service des Agents Infectieux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fateh Singh
- ON-LIGHT SAS, SMO Biopole Clermont-Limagne, 63360, Saint Beauzire, France
| | - Emilie Gadea
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Emile Roux, 43000, Le Puy en Velay, France.
- U1059, Equipe DVH, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ St-Etienne, 42000, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Schoenmakers T, van Bussel BCT, Gorissen SHM, van Loo IHM, van Rosmalen F, Verboeket-van de Venne WPHG, Wolffs PFG, van Mook WNKA, Leers MPG. Validating a clinical laboratory parameter-based deisolation algorithm for patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit using viability PCR: the CoLaIC multicentre cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069455. [PMID: 36854586 PMCID: PMC9979582 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate whether biochemical and haematological changes due to the patient's host response (CoLab algorithm) in combination with a SARS-CoV-2 viability PCR (v-PCR) can be used to determine when a patient with COVID-19 is no longer infectious.We hypothesise that the CoLab algorithm in combination with v-PCR can be used to determine whether or not a patient with COVID-19 is infectious to facilitate the safe release of patients with COVID-19 from isolation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study consists of three parts using three different cohorts of patients. All three cohorts contain clinical, vital and laboratory parameters, as well as logistic data related to isolated patients with COVID-19, with a focus on intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The first cohort will be used to develop an algorithm for the course of the biochemical and haematological changes of the host response of the COVID-19 patient. Simultaneously, a second prospective cohort will be used to investigate the algorithm derived in the first cohort, with daily measured laboratory parameters, next to conventional SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase PCRs, as well as v-PCR, to confirm the presence of intact SARS-CoV-2 particles in the patient. Finally, a third multicentre cohort, consisting of retrospectively collected data from patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, will be used to validate the algorithm. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee from Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (cohort I: 2020-1565/300523) and Zuyderland MC (cohorts II and III: METCZ20200057). All patients will be required to provide informed consent. Results from this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and congress/consortium presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Schoenmakers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen/Heerlen, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas C T van Bussel
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan H M Gorissen
- Zuyderland Academy, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen/Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge H M van Loo
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Rosmalen
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Petra F G Wolffs
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Walter N K A van Mook
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mathie P G Leers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen/Heerlen, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Li Y, Qiao J, Han X, Zhao Z, Kou J, Zhang W, Man S, Ma L. Needs, Challenges and Countermeasures of SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance in Cold-Chain Foods and Packaging to Prevent Possible COVID-19 Resurgence: A Perspective from Advanced Detections. Viruses 2022; 15:120. [PMID: 36680157 PMCID: PMC9864631 DOI: 10.3390/v15010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has a huge impact on the global economy. SARS-CoV-2 could possibly and potentially be transmitted to humans through cold-chain foods and packaging (namely good-to-human), although it mainly depends on a human-to-human route. It is imperative to develop countermeasures to cope with the spread of viruses and fulfil effective surveillance of cold-chain foods and packaging. This review outlined SARS-CoV-2-related cold-chain food incidents and current methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2. Then the needs, challenges and practicable countermeasures for SARS-CoV-2 detection, specifically for cold-chain foods and packaging, were underlined. In fact, currently established detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 are mostly used for humans; thus, these may not be ideally applied to cold-chain foods directly. Therefore, it creates a need to develop novel methods and low-cost, automatic, mini-sized devices specifically for cold-chain foods and packaging. The review intended to draw people's attention to the possible spread of SARS-CoV-2 with cold-chain foods and proposed perspectives for futuristic cold-chain foods monitoring during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin 300457, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiali Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin 300457, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin 300457, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin 300457, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jun Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin 300457, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin 300457, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin 300457, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin 300457, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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7
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Liu H, Meng F, Nyaruaba R, He P, Hong W, Jiang M, Liu D, Zhou W, Bai D, Yu J, Wei H. A triton X-100 assisted PMAxx-qPCR assay for rapid assessment of infectious African swine fever virus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1062544. [PMID: 36545208 PMCID: PMC9760672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1062544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly infectious disease of pigs, caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). The lack of vaccines and drugs makes strict disinfection practices to be one of the main measurements to curb the transmission of ASF. Therefore, it is important to assess if all viruses are inactivated after disinfection or after long time exposure in their natural conditions. Currently, the infectivity of ASFV is determined by virus isolation and culture in a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory. However, BSL-3 laboratories are not readily available, need skilled expertise and may be time consuming. Methods In this study, a Triton X-100 assisted PMAxx-qPCR method was developed for rapid assessment of infectious ASFV in samples. PMAxx, an improved version of propidium monoazide (PMA), can covalently cross-link with naked ASFV-DNA or DNA inside inactivated ASFV virions under assistance of 0.1% (v/v) TritonX-100, but not with ASFV-DNA inside live virions. Formation of PMAxx-DNA conjugates prevents PCR amplification, leaving only infectious virions to be detected. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection of the PMAxx-qPCR assay was 2.32log10HAD50/mL of infectious ASFV. Testing different samples showed that the PMAxx-qPCR assay was effective to evaluate intact ASFV virions after treatment by heat or chemical disinfectants and in simulated samples such as swine tissue homogenate, swine saliva swabs, and environmental swabs. However, whole-blood and saliva need to be diluted before testing because they may inhibit the PCR reaction or the cross-linking of PMAxx with DNA. Conclusion The Triton X-100 assisted PMAxx-qPCR assay took less than 3 h from sample to result, offering an easier and faster way for assessing infectious ASFV in samples from places like pig farms and pork markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Wuhan), Wuhan, China
| | - Raphael Nyaruaba
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Wuhan), Wuhan, China
| | - Dongqing Liu
- Comprehensive Agricultural Law Enforcement Bureau, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Wuhan), Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Junping Yu,
| | - Hongping Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Wuhan), Wuhan, China,Hongping Wei,
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8
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Rapid Quantification of Infectious Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in Watermelon Tissues by PMA Coupled with RT-qPCR. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092046. [PMID: 36146852 PMCID: PMC9506375 DOI: 10.3390/v14092046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) belongs to the Tobamovirus genus and is an important quarantine virus of cucurbit crops. Seedborne transmission is one of the principal modes for CGMMV spread, and effective early detection is helpful to prevent the occurrence of the disease. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is a sensitive and rapid method for detecting CGMMV nucleic acids, but it cannot distinguish between infectious and noninfectious viruses. In the present work, a propidium monoazide (PMA) assisted RT-qPCR method (PMA-RT-qPCR) was developed to rapidly distinguish infectious and inactive CGMMV. PMA is a photoactive dye that can selectively react with viral RNA released or inside inactive CGMMV virions but not viral RNA inside active virions. The formation of PMA-RNA conjugates prevents PCR amplification, leaving only infectious virions to be amplified. The primer pair cp3-1F/cp3-1R was designed based on the coat protein (cp) gene for specific amplification of CGMMV RNA by RT-qPCR. The detection limit of the RT-qPCR assay was 1.57 × 102 copies·μL−1. PMA at 120 μmol·L−1 was suitable for the selective quantification of infectious CGMMV virions. Under optimal conditions, RT-qPCR detection of heat-inactivated CGMMV resulted in Ct value differences larger than 16 between PMA-treated and non-PMA-treated groups, while Ct differences less than 0.23 were observed in the detection of infectious CGMMV. For naturally contaminated watermelon leaf, fruit and seedlot samples, infectious CGMMV were quantified in 13 out of the 22 samples, with infestation levels of 102~105 copies·g−1. Application of this assay enabled the selective detection of infectious CGMMV and facilitated the monitoring of the viral pathogen in watermelon seeds and tissues, which could be useful for avoiding the potential risks of primary inoculum sources.
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Veugen JMJ, Nuijts RMMA, van den Biggelaar FJHM, Gijs M, Savelkoul PHM, Wolffs PFG, Dickman MM. Effectiveness of Commonly Used Contact Lens Disinfectants Against SARS-CoV-2. Eye Contact Lens 2022; 48:362-368. [PMID: 35971234 PMCID: PMC9398461 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of commonly used contact lens disinfectants against severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS The efficacy of five disinfectant solutions against SARS-CoV-2 was tested in the presence and absence of contact lenses (CLs). Three types of unused CLs (hard gas permeable, soft hydrogel, and soft silicone hydrogel) and worn silicone hydrogel CLs were tested. Contact lenses were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and disinfected at various times, with and without rubbing and rinsing, as per manufacturer's instructions. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viability polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were applied to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA and viral infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, respectively. RESULTS In the presence of SARS-CoV-2-infected CLs, no SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected when disinfectant solutions were used according to the manufacturer's instructions. When SARS-Co-V2-infected CLs were disinfected without the rub-and-rinse step, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected at almost each time interval with each disinfecting solution tested for both new and worn CLs. In the absence of CLs, viable SARS-CoV-2 was detected with all disinfectant solutions except Menicon Progent at all time points. CONCLUSIONS Disinfectant solutions effectively disinfect CLs from SARS-CoV-2 if manufacturer's instructions are followed. The rub-and-rinse regimen is mainly responsible for disinfection. The viability PCR may be useful to indicate potential infectiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M. J. Veugen
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudy M. M. A. Nuijts
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J. H. M. van den Biggelaar
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies Gijs
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H. M. Savelkoul
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petra F. G. Wolffs
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mor M. Dickman
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Hu L, Fu Y, Zhang S, Pan Z, Xia J, Zhu P, Guo J. An Assay Combining Droplet Digital PCR With Propidium Monoazide Treatment for the Accurate Detection of Live Cells of Vibrio vulnificus in Plasma Samples. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:927285. [PMID: 35910629 PMCID: PMC9335127 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.927285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is one of the most common pathogenic Vibrio species to humans; therefore, the establishment of timely and credible detection methods has become an urgent requirement for V. vulnificus illness surveillance. In this study, an assay combining droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) with propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment was developed for detecting V. vulnificus. The primers/probes targeting the V. vulnificus hemolysin A (vvhA) gene, amplification procedures, and PMA processing conditions involved in the assay were optimized. Then, we analyzed the specificity, sensitivity, and ability to detect live cell DNA while testing the performance of PMA-ddPCR in clinical samples. The optimal concentrations of primers and probes were 1.0 and 0.3 μM, respectively. The annealing temperature achieving the highest accuracy in ddPCR assay was 60°C. With an initial V. vulnificus cell concentration of 108 CFU/mL (colony-forming units per milliliter), the optimal strategy to distinguish live cells from dead cells was to treat samples with 100 μM PMA for 15 min in the dark and expose them to LED light with an output wavelength of 465 nm for 10 min. The specificity of the PMA-ddPCR assay was tested on 27 strains, including seven V. vulnificus strains and 20 other bacterial strains. Only the seven V. vulnificus strains were observed with positive signals in specificity analysis. Comparative experiments on the detection ability of PMA-ddPCR and PMA-qPCR in pure cultures and plasma samples were performed. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) in pure culture solutions of V. vulnificus were 29.33 and 53.64 CFU/mL in PMA-ddPCR, respectively. For artificially clinical sample tests in PMA-ddPCR, V. vulnificus could be detected at concentrations as low as 65.20 CFU/mL. The sensitivity of the PMA-ddPCR assay was 15- to 40-fold more sensitive than the PMA-qPCR in this study. The PMA-ddPCR assay we developed provides a new insight to accurately detect live cells of V. vulnificus in clinical samples, which is of great significance to enhance public health safety and security capability and improve the emergency response level for V. vulnificus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yidong Fu
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhilei Pan
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Pilot Gene Technologies (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zhu,
| | - Jing Guo
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Jing Guo,
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Quantification of infectious Human mastadenovirus in environmental matrices using PMAxx-qPCR. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1465-1471. [PMID: 35666431 PMCID: PMC9168632 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular methodologies providing data on viral concentration and infectivity have been successfully used in environmental virology, supporting quantitative risk assessment studies. The present study aimed to assess human mastadenovirus (HAdV) intact particles using a derivative of propidium monoazide associated with qPCR (PMAxx-qPCR) in aquatic matrices. Initially, different concentrations of PMAxx were evaluated to establish an optimal protocol for treating different naturally contaminated matrices, using 10 min incubation in the dark at 200 rpm at room temperature and 15 min of photoactivation in the PMA-Lite™ LED photolysis device. There was no significant reduction in the quantification of infectious HAdV with increasing concentration of PMAxx used (20 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM), except for sewage samples. In this matrix, a reduction of 5.01 log of genomic copies (GC)/L was observed from the concentration of 50 μM and revealed 100% HAdV particles with damaged capsids. On the other hand, the mean reduction of 0.51 log in stool samples using the same concentration mentioned above demonstrated 83% of damaged particles eliminated in the stool. Following, 50 μM PMAxx-qPCR protocol revealed a log reduction of 0.91, 0.67, and 1.05 in other samples of raw sewage, brackish, and seawater where HAdV concentration reached 1.47 × 104, 6.81 × 102, and 2.33 × 102 GC/L, respectively. Fifty micrometers of PMAxx protocol helped screen intact viruses from different matrices, including sea and brackish water.
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12
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Nyaruaba R, Hong W, Li X, Yang H, Wei H. Long-Term Preservation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Silk for Downstream RT-PCR Tests. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4522-4530. [PMID: 35235308 PMCID: PMC8903213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Positive controls made of viral gene components are essential to validate the performance of diagnostic assays for pathogens like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, most of them are target-specific, limiting their application spectrum when validating assays beyond their specified targets. The use of an inactivated whole-virus RNA reference standard could be ideal, but RNA is a labile molecule that needs cold chain storage and transportation to preserve its integrity and activity. The cold chain process stretches the already dwindling storage capacities, incurs huge costs, and limits the distribution of reference materials to low-resource settings. To circumvent these issues, we developed an inactivated whole-virus SARS-CoV-2 RNA reference standard and studied its stability in silk fibroin matrices, i.e., silk solution (SS) and silk film (SF). Compared to preservation in nuclease-free water (ddH2O) and SS, SF was more stable and could preserve the SARS-CoV-2 RNA reference standard at room temperature for over 21 weeks (∼6 months) as determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The preserved RNA reference standard in SF was able to assess the limits of detection of four commercial SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assays. In addition, SF is compatible with RT-PCR reactions and can be used to preserve a reaction-ready primer and probe mix for RT-PCR at ambient temperatures without affecting their activity. Taken together, these results offer extensive flexibility and a simpler mechanism of preserving RNA reference materials for a long time at ambient temperatures of ≥25 °C, with the possibility of eliminating cold chains during storage and transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Nyaruaba
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety
Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Africa
Joint Research Center, 6200-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wei Hong
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety
Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety
Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hang Yang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety
Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongping Wei
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety
Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a global public health disaster. The current gold standard for the diagnosis of infected patients is real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). As effective as this method may be, it is subject to false-negative and -positive results, affecting its precision, especially for the detection of low viral loads in samples. In contrast, digital PCR (dPCR), the third generation of PCR, has been shown to be more effective than the gold standard, RT-qPCR, in detecting low viral loads in samples. In this review article, we selected publications to show the broad-spectrum applications of dPCR, including the development of assays and reference standards, environmental monitoring, mutation detection, and clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, while comparing it analytically to the gold standard, RT-qPCR. In summary, it is evident that the specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and detection limits of RT-dPCR are generally unaffected by common factors that may affect RT-qPCR. As this is the first time that dPCR is being tested in an outbreak of such a magnitude, knowledge of its applications will help chart a course for future diagnosis and monitoring of infectious disease outbreaks.
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Cuevas-Ferrando E, Randazzo W, Pérez-Cataluña A, Falcó I, Navarro D, Martin-Latil S, Díaz-Reolid A, Girón-Guzmán I, Allende A, Sánchez G. Platinum chloride-based viability RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection in complex samples. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18120. [PMID: 34518622 PMCID: PMC8438079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation, contact tracing and restrictions on social movement are being globally implemented to prevent and control onward spread of SARS-CoV-2, even though the infection risk modelled on RNA detection by RT-qPCR remains biased as viral shedding and infectivity are not discerned. Thus, we aimed to develop a rapid viability RT-qPCR procedure to infer SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in clinical specimens and environmental samples. We screened monoazide dyes and platinum compounds as viability molecular markers on five SARS-CoV-2 RNA targets. A platinum chloride-based viability RT-qPCR was then optimized using genomic RNA, and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 particles inoculated in buffer, stool, and urine. Our results were finally validated in nasopharyngeal swabs from persons who tested positive for COVID-19 and in wastewater samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We established a rapid viability RT-qPCR that selectively detects potentially infectious SARS-CoV-2 particles in complex matrices. In particular, the confirmed positivity of nasopharyngeal swabs following the viability procedure suggests their potential infectivity, while the complete prevention of amplification in wastewater indicated either non-infectious particles or free RNA. The viability RT-qPCR approach provides a more accurate ascertainment of the infectious viruses detection and it may complement analyses to foster risk-based investigations for the prevention and control of new or re-occurring outbreaks with a broad application spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Cuevas-Ferrando
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Walter Randazzo
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Cataluña
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Falcó
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Martin-Latil
- ANSES Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Azahara Díaz-Reolid
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inés Girón-Guzmán
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Allende
- Research Group on Quality and Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gloria Sánchez
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Cuevas-Ferrando E, Randazzo W, Pérez-Cataluña A, Falcó I, Navarro D, Martin-Latil S, Díaz-Reolid A, Girón-Guzmán I, Allende A, Sánchez G. Platinum chloride-based viability RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection in complex samples. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18120. [PMID: 34518622 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.22.21253818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation, contact tracing and restrictions on social movement are being globally implemented to prevent and control onward spread of SARS-CoV-2, even though the infection risk modelled on RNA detection by RT-qPCR remains biased as viral shedding and infectivity are not discerned. Thus, we aimed to develop a rapid viability RT-qPCR procedure to infer SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in clinical specimens and environmental samples. We screened monoazide dyes and platinum compounds as viability molecular markers on five SARS-CoV-2 RNA targets. A platinum chloride-based viability RT-qPCR was then optimized using genomic RNA, and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 particles inoculated in buffer, stool, and urine. Our results were finally validated in nasopharyngeal swabs from persons who tested positive for COVID-19 and in wastewater samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We established a rapid viability RT-qPCR that selectively detects potentially infectious SARS-CoV-2 particles in complex matrices. In particular, the confirmed positivity of nasopharyngeal swabs following the viability procedure suggests their potential infectivity, while the complete prevention of amplification in wastewater indicated either non-infectious particles or free RNA. The viability RT-qPCR approach provides a more accurate ascertainment of the infectious viruses detection and it may complement analyses to foster risk-based investigations for the prevention and control of new or re-occurring outbreaks with a broad application spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Cuevas-Ferrando
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Walter Randazzo
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Cataluña
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Falcó
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Martin-Latil
- ANSES Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Azahara Díaz-Reolid
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inés Girón-Guzmán
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Allende
- Research Group on Quality and Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gloria Sánchez
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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