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Feng T, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Fan D, Wei T, Wang P, Keesstra SD, Cerdà A. Long-term effects of vegetation restoration and forest management on carbon pools and nutrient storages in northeastern Loess Plateau, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120296. [PMID: 38341910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial for understanding the variations of carbon and nutrient pools within the ecosystems during long-term vegetation restoration to accurately assess the effects of different ecological restoration patterns. However, the long-term spatio-temporal variations of carbon and nutrient pools under different vegetation types remain unclear. The sites for long-term natural and planted forests (i.e., Natural secondary forest, Pinus tabulaeformis planted forest, Platycladus orientalis planted forest, and Robinia pseudoacacia planted forest) on the northeastern Loess Plateau, China were selected, to measure and analyze the differences and interannual variations of vegetation attributes at four synusiae and soil properties at 0-100 cm over the period of 12 years (2006-2017). The principal component analysis (PCA) and Mantel test were also conducted to explore the relationships among vegetation attributes, soil properties, and carbon and nutrient pools. The results showed that: compared with the planted forests, the natural secondary forest had lower arborous biomass (84.21 ± 1.53 t hm-2) and higher understory biomass and plant heights. Compared to planted forests, the secondary forest had higher soil carbon and nitrogen contents (13.74 ± 3.50 g kg-1 and 1.16 ± 0.34 g kg-1). The soil carbon pool in the secondary forest was 22.0% higher than planted forests, while the vegetation carbon pool in the P. tabulaeformis was 75.5% higher than other forests. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Mantel test revealed that vegetation attributes and soil properties had significant correlations with carbon and nutrient pools, especially at the arborous synusia (p < 0.01). The findings indicated that in the ecologically fragile Loess Plateau region, the selection of appropriate vegetation restoration types should be guided by varying ecological restoration goals and benefits, aiming to expected ecological outcomes. This insight offers a strategic implication for forest management that is tailored to improve carbon and nutrient pools in areas with similar environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Feng
- Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Yulin Qi
- Upper and Middle Yellow River Bureau, YRCC, Fengcheng 3rd Road 200, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Dehui Fan
- Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Tianxing Wei
- Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Saskia D Keesstra
- Team Soil, Water and Land Use, Wageningen Environmental Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Departamento de Análisis Geográfico Regional Geografía Físicqa, Universitdad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Artemi Cerdà
- Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, Valencia University, Blasco Ibàñez, 28, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Zhan Y, Liu X, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang D, Fan J, Yang J. Trends and contribution of different grassland types in restoring the Three River Headwater Region, China, 1988-2012. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168161. [PMID: 37918723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid greening of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau had been confirmed, but the contributions to the overall change and its causes in various grassland types has been less studied. Previous research has focused on exogenous factors such as climate change and human activities, rather than on endogenous factors, such as grassland types. Using net primary productivity (NPP), precipitation and temperature data, we applied trend, contribution and pull contribution analysis to understand the spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of six different grassland types at a pixel scale in the Three River Headwater Region (TRHR) of China from 1988 to 2012. The results showed that grassland NPP in the TRHR increased at an average growth amount of 3.46 gC m-2 yr-1 and an average growth rate of 2.26 %. The average growth amount of alpine desert and alpine steppe (0.42 gC m-2 yr-1, 1.74 gC m-2 yr-1, respectively) showed great potential improvement. The average growth rate (1.27 %, 1.87 %) of montane meadow and alpine meadow, respectively, presented a high potential to increase (P < 0.05). Alpine meadow, montane meadow and temperate steppe were positive pullers to the average growth amount. Alpine steppe and alpine desert were positive pullers to the average growth rate. In general, alpine meadow had the highest growth amount contribution (84.86 %), while alpine meadow and alpine steppe had the highest contribution to the growth rate (62.16 %, 34.24 %, respectively). The study implied that, in addition to external factors, differences in internal factors such as the community composition and structure of different grassland types could also affected the grassland recovery process. These results contribute to understanding the specific differences in the contribution of regional grassland restoration processes from vegetation composition. Assessing grasslands with the potential to increase productivity, we can provide scientific reference for implementing more precise and efficient measures in future grassland management restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects, Ministry of Natural Resources, China
| | - Yuzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects, Ministry of Natural Resources, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiangwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jilin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Islam T, Hamid M, Khuroo AA, Nawchoo IA. Functional trait diversity and aboveground biomass of herbaceous vegetation in temperate forests of Kashmir Himalaya. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:60. [PMID: 38110625 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Studying functional trait diversity can provide crucial clues about the adaptive survival strategies of regional plant species pool. Despite large-scale trait datasets available worldwide, the plant trait data from many biodiversity hotpot regions, like the Himalaya is still scarce. In this study, we aimed to investigate the plant functional traits and aboveground biomass of understory herbaceous vegetation in temperate forests of Overa-Aru wildlife sanctuary of Kashmir Himalaya. We also investigate how these functional traits correlate and what is the magnitude of trait-biomass relationship across the herbaceous species pool. For this, we conducted field sampling and measured leaf functional traits and aboveground biomass of 38 plant species in the study region during peak growing season (July-August) in the year 2021. The results revealed a significant interspecific trait variability among the species studied. We observed a high variability in leaf size and type spectra of the species, with nanophyll and simple leaf lamina, respectively, the most common types among the species studied. The correlation analysis revealed that plant height was positively correlated with aboveground biomass. The variation partitioning analysis revealed that the plant height explained the maximum fraction of variation in aboveground biomass, while least by specific leaf area. Overall, the findings from the present study provide useful insights in understanding trait-trait relationship and trait-environment interaction at the regional scale and can also help in recognizing adaptive functional traits of plant species that determine plant survival under the changing climate in this Himalayan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajamul Islam
- Centre for Biodiversity & Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Maroof Hamid
- Centre for Biodiversity & Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anzar Ahmad Khuroo
- Centre for Biodiversity & Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Irshad A Nawchoo
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Wan R, Luo D, Liu J, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Yan W, Xie Y, Mi J, Zhang F, Wan X, Chen L, Zhang J, Huang X, Zhong Y. Superior improvement on soil quality by Pennisetum sinese vegetation restoration in the dry-hot valley region, SW China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163185. [PMID: 37004763 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation restoration is a good way to improve soil quality and reduce erosion. However, the impact of vegetation restoration on soil quality in the dry-hot valley region has been overlooked for many years. This study aimed to reveal the effects of Pennisetum sinese (PS) and natural vegetation (NV) on soil quality and then to explore the feasibility of introducing PS for the vegetation restoration of the dry-hot valley region. The PS and NV restoration areas deserted land evolving from cultivated land (CL) have been established since 2011. The results showed that the soil properties were obviously improved by PS from the dry to wet seasons, except for the soil available phosphorous. The comprehensive soil quality indexes of the three typical seasons (dry, dry-wet, and wet) were determined by using nonlinear weighted additive (NLWA) based on the total dataset, significant dataset and minimum dataset (MDS). The results indicated that the comprehensive minimum dataset soil quality index (MDS-SQI) of the three typical seasons evaluate soil quality well. The soil quality of PS was significantly greater than that of CL and NV (P < 0.05), as shown by the MDS-SQI. Additionally, PS could maintain a stable soil quality in the three typical seasons, while both CL and NV had obvious fluctuations. In addition, the result of the generalized linear mode suggested that the vegetation type had the greatest impact on the soil quality (44.51 %). Comprehensively, vegetation restoration in the dry-hot valley region has a positive impact on the soil properties and quality. PS is a great candidate species for the early vegetation restoration in the dry-hot valley region. This work provides a reference for vegetation restoration and rational utilization of soil resources in degraded ecosystems in dry-hot valleys and other soil erosion areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renping Wan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Deyi Luo
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Meitan County Forestry Bureau of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 564100, China
| | - Jianyi Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongqi Xiang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Wang Yan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yujie Xie
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaxuan Mi
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xueqin Wan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xingyan Huang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yu Zhong
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Makarieva AM, Nefiodov AV, Nobre AD, Baudena M, Bardi U, Sheil D, Saleska SR, Molina RD, Rammig A. The role of ecosystem transpiration in creating alternate moisture regimes by influencing atmospheric moisture convergence. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2536-2556. [PMID: 36802091 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The terrestrial water cycle links the soil and atmosphere moisture reservoirs through four fluxes: precipitation, evaporation, runoff, and atmospheric moisture convergence (net import of water vapor to balance runoff). Each of these processes is essential for sustaining human and ecosystem well-being. Predicting how the water cycle responds to changes in vegetation cover remains a challenge. Recently, changes in plant transpiration across the Amazon basin were shown to be associated disproportionately with changes in rainfall, suggesting that even small declines in transpiration (e.g., from deforestation) would lead to much larger declines in rainfall. Here, constraining these findings by the law of mass conservation, we show that in a sufficiently wet atmosphere, forest transpiration can control atmospheric moisture convergence such that increased transpiration enhances atmospheric moisture import and results in water yield. Conversely, in a sufficiently dry atmosphere increased transpiration reduces atmospheric moisture convergence and water yield. This previously unrecognized dichotomy can explain the otherwise mixed observations of how water yield responds to re-greening, as we illustrate with examples from China's Loess Plateau. Our analysis indicates that any additional precipitation recycling due to additional vegetation increases precipitation but decreases local water yield and steady-state runoff. Therefore, in the drier regions/periods and early stages of ecological restoration, the role of vegetation can be confined to precipitation recycling, while once a wetter stage is achieved, additional vegetation enhances atmospheric moisture convergence and water yield. Recent analyses indicate that the latter regime dominates the global response of the terrestrial water cycle to re-greening. Evaluating the transition between regimes, and recognizing the potential of vegetation for enhancing moisture convergence, are crucial for characterizing the consequences of deforestation as well as for motivating and guiding ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia M Makarieva
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Theoretical Physics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrei V Nefiodov
- Theoretical Physics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Mara Baudena
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Torino, Italy
| | - Ugo Bardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Kota Bogor, Indonesia
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Scott R Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ruben D Molina
- Escuela Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Anja Rammig
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
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Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Mushrooms: A Crucial Dimension for Sustainable Soil Management. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil is the main component in the agroecosystem besides water, microbial communities, and cultivated plants. Several problems face soil, including soil pollution, erosion, salinization, and degradation on a global level. Many approaches have been applied to overcome these issues, such as phyto-, bio-, and nanoremediation through different soil management tools. Mushrooms can play a vital role in the soil through bio-nanoremediation, especially under the biological synthesis of nanoparticles, which could be used in the bioremediation process. This review focuses on the green synthesis of nanoparticles using mushrooms and the potential of bio-nanoremediation for polluted soils. The distinguished roles of mushrooms of soil improvement are considered a crucial dimension for sustainable soil management, which may include controlling soil erosion, improving soil aggregates, increasing soil organic matter content, enhancing the bioavailability of soil nutrients, and resorting to damaged and/or polluted soils. The field of bio-nanoremediation using mushrooms still requires further investigation, particularly regarding the sustainable management of soils.
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