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Zhu J, Li M, Yu H, Zheng Y, Yuan L, Cao Y, Liu X, Sun F, Chen C. Magnetic biochar enhanced microbial electrolysis cell with anaerobic digestion for complex organic matter degradation in landfill leachate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175013. [PMID: 39069178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Combining microbial electrolytic cells with anaerobic digestion (MEC-AD) was considered as an important method for enhancing complex organic matter degradation. However, the magnetic biochar (MBC) addition would be an effective approach for enhancing biodegradation in MEC-AD. By designing orthogonal experiments, the optimal parameters of MBC-enhanced MEC-AD system for landfill leachate treatment were determined. The results indicated that the optimal conditions were identified as HRT of 72 h, electrode spacing of 2.5 cm, and applied voltage of 0.8 V. Under these conditions, the COD removal efficiency reached a maximum of 54.7 %. Additionally, the UV-vis, 3D-EEM, and GC-MS indicated the macromolecules 13-Docosenamide (Z), Bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were degraded. 13-Docosenamide (Z) was almost completely removed under the conditions of 0.8 V applied voltage, 2.5 cm electrode spacing and 24 h HRT, with a removal efficiency of 99.91 %. Significant differences were observed in the microbial core genera among the MEC-AD systems. The core genera in the anodic and cathodic biofilms were primarily fermentative and electroactive bacteria, including Soehngenia (2.2 % - 32.1 %, 3.2 % - 26.4 %) and Desulfomicrobium (1.1 % - 10.2 %, 2.0 % - 29.3 %). Fermentative bacteria, norank_f__Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17, established cooperative relationships with electroactive bacteria Acinetobacter. The enrichment of electrochemically active bacteria optimized microbial interactions, thereby synergistically enhancing the biotransformation of complex organic matter in landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Hang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Luqi Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Yanxiao Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Faqian Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Chongjun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
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Wells MJM, Chen JY, Bodycomb J, Wolgemuth D, Stretz HA, Zacheis GA, Bautista M, Bell KY. Multi-laser nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA): A unique method to visualize dynamic (shear) and dynamic (Brownian motion) light scattering and quantify nonliving natural organic matter (NNOM) in environmental water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174985. [PMID: 39047837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Application of simultaneous multi-laser nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to environmental water samples to investigate nonliving natural organic matter (NNOM) is introduced as an innovative method for observing particles directly in their native media. Multi-laser NTA results of particle visualization, particle number concentration, and particle size distribution elucidated particle dynamics in low and high total dissolved solids (TDS) aqueous environmental samples. A pond water sample and concentrate from a reverse osmosis (RO) treatment process (Stage 1) had 1.3 × 108 and 5.62 × 1019 particles/mL, respectively, (at time = 0) after filtration at 0.45 μm. Beyond the traditional applications for this instrument, this research presents novel evidence-based investigations that probe the existence of supramolecular structures in environmental waters during turbulence or quiescence. The pond water sample exhibited time-dependent aggregation as the volume distribution shifted to greater diameter during quiescence, compared to turbulence. Disaggregation (increased numbers of particles over time) was noted in the >250 nm to <600 nm region, and aggregation of >450 nm particles was also noted in the quiescent RO concentrate sample, indicative of depletion of small particles to form larger ones. Multi-laser NTA and dynamic light scattering (DLS) capabilities were compared and contrasted. DLS and NTA are different (complementary) particle sizing techniques. DLS yielded more information about the physical hydrogel in the NNOM hierarchy whereas multi-laser NTA better characterized meta-chemical and chemical hydrogel characteristics. Operationalization of innovation-moving from fundamental investigations to application-is supported by implementing novel analytical instrumentation as we address issues involving climate change, drought, and the scarcity of potable water. Multi-laser NTA can be used as a tool to study and optimize complex water and wastewater treatment processes. Questions about water treatment efficiencies, membrane fouling, assistance of pollutant transport, and carbon capture cycles affected by NNOM will benefit from insights from multi-laser NTA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeff Bodycomb
- Horiba Instruments Incorporated, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mario Bautista
- Water Replenishment District of Southern California, Torrance, CA, USA
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Li M, Li Z, Fu L, Deng L, Wu C. Molecular-level insights into dissolved organic matter and its variations of the full-scale processes in a typical petrochemical wastewater treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:121990. [PMID: 38944002 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Petrochemical wastewater (PCWW) treatment poses challenges due to its unique and complex dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition, originating from various industrial processes. Despite the addition of advanced treatment units in PCWW treatment plants to meet discharge standards, the mechanisms of molecular-level sights into DOM reactivity of the upgraded full-scale processes including multiple biological treatments and advanced treatment remain unclear. Herein, we employ water quality indexes, spectra, molecular weight (MW) distribution, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to systematically characterize DOM in a typical PCWW treatment plant including influent, micro-oxygen hydrolysis acidification (MOHA), anaerobic/oxic (AO), and micro-flocculation sand filtration-catalytic ozonation (MFSF-CO). Influent DOM is dominated by tryptophan-like and soluble microbial products with MW fractions 〈 1 kDa and 〉 100 kDa, and CHO with lignin and aliphatic/protein structures. MOHA effectively degrades macromolecular CHO (10.86 %) and CHON (5.24 %) compounds via deamination and nitrogen reduction, while AO removes CHOS compounds with MW < 10 kDa by desulfurization, revealing distinct DOM conversion mechanisms. MFSF-CO transforms unsaturated components to less aromatic and more saturated DOM through oxygen addition reactions and shows high CHOS and CHONS reactivity via desulfurization and deamination reactions, respectively. Moreover, the correlation among multiple parameters suggests UV254 combined with AImod as a simple monitoring indicator of DOM to access the chemical composition. The study provides molecular-level insights into DOM for the contribution to the improvement and optimization of the upgraded processes in PCWW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhouyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Liya Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Center of Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy, of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Liyan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Changyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Center of Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy, of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Liu M, Lu Q, Siddique MS, Yu W. Molecular-weight dependent promotion and competition effects of natural organic matter on dissolved black carbon removal by coagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141940. [PMID: 38588894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is the ubiquitous component of dissolved organic matter pools with the high reactivity for disinfection byproducts formation. However, it is unknown that the influence of molecular weight (MW) of natural organic matter (NOM) on the DBC removal from potable water sources. Therefore, it was studied that the DBC removal by coagulation in the presence of the NOM with various molecular weights. The DBC removal was promoted due to the presence of NOM and the promotion degree decreased with decreasing MW of NOM. Furthermore, the removal ratio of humic-like component increased as the MW of NOM decreased, suggesting that the competition between DBC and NOM increased with decreasing MW. The functional groups after coagulation were the same with that before coagulation as the MW of NOM varied, suggesting that the molecular structure was not the key factor of influencing the DBC removal. This study will give the deep insight into the prediction of the DBC removal ratio by coagulation based on the MW of NOM in water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Qingxuan Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, China.
| | - Muhammad Saboor Siddique
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua-Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Huang X, Liang Y, Yun J, Cao F, Xie T, Song H, Wang S. Influence of organic matters on the adsorption-desorption of 1,2-dichloroethane on soil in water and model saturated aquifer. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3033-3043. [PMID: 38239453 PMCID: PMC10794954 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06568e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) is a typical organic chlorinated compound largely utilized in chemical manufacturing and industrial production and also a common pollutant in organically contaminated sites. The adsorption of 1,2-DCA on soil grains significantly influences its environmental fate and removal process. This study investigated the influence of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) on the adsorption-desorption of 1,2-DCA in solid-liquid interfaces in water or constructed porous media. Experimental findings demonstrated the influence of organic matter on the adsorption of 1,2-DCA at the solid-water interface. 1,2-DCA adsorption increased in the FA or HA-treated soils when organic matter was present on the solid surfaces. The 1,2-DCA adsorption in the mixture of FA and HA was slightly lower than that in single organic acids, depending on the binding of FA and HA to the soil grains/colloids. Basic conditions reduced the adsorption of 1,2-DCA on soils, whereas acidic conditions enhanced adsorption due to the increased interactions via adsorption sites and hydrogen bonds. Conversely, the presence of organic matter in solutions (liquid phase in constructed porous media) will reduce the adsorption of 1,2-DCA on solid surfaces and increase the transport in the model aquifer. The combination of FA, HA, and rhamnolipids is helpful for the removal of 1,2-DCA from solid surfaces. Additionally, because of the enhanced desorption, the risk of 1,2-DCA contamination in groundwater can be increased when the organic matter or surfactant is present in the liquid phase if the eluent is not collected. This study helps to better understand the cooperative interaction of soil organic matter and chlorinated hydrocarbons at solid-water interfaces and the environmental fate and potential removal strategies of chlorinated hydrocarbons in contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Huang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection (Guangxi University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Nanning 530007 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection (Guangxi University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Jinhu Yun
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection (Guangxi University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Feishu Cao
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Nanning 530007 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration Nanning 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Tian Xie
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Nanning 530007 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration Nanning 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Hainong Song
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Nanning 530007 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration Nanning 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Nanning 530007 China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
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Pang H, Li X, Qin Q, Wei Q, Zhang Y, Xu D, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Lu J. In-situ sewer sediment self-cleaning by plant ash-driven hydrolysis: Impairing adhesion and hydraulic erosion resistance from gelatinous biopolymer molecule deconstruction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168276. [PMID: 37923257 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The gelatinous structure and adhesion of sediments induced strong hydraulic erosion resistance and bottom siltation, which brought about serious challenges in sewer management. The in-situ sediment self-cleaning technology with low energy and labor consumption has become urgent demand. This study proposed an innovative plant ash-triggered molecule hydrolysis strategy for driving sewer sediment self-cleaning. Plant ash treatment at the optimal dosage of 0.10 g/g SS promoted molecular deconstruction and dissolution of aromatic proteins (tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like proteins), humic acids (fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances) and carbohydrates with secondary structure deflocculation (α-helix to β-turn), meanwhile numerous microbial cells were lysed, contributing to linkage breakage in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The gelatinous EPS disruption and outward migration with cohesion reduction were achievable. Sediment adhesion was vulnerable to EPS structural damage, which was degenerated by 91.14 %. Correspondingly, the sediment matrix structure was observably disintegrated into dispersive and small fragments, with increased surface electronegativity and eliminated adhesive bio-agglomeration. Thereby, the sensitivity of sediments to hydraulic erosion was greatly improved. In this case, substantial organic and inorganic sediment particles were solubilized and downstream transported by gravity sewage flow. Such plant ash-triggered hydrolysis provided a sustainable strategy for sediment self-cleaning in "waste control by waste" pattern, which improved sediment floating by 7.25-9.57 times. Considerable economic benefits of 35.56-123.46 CNY/(sewer meter length) were obtained compared with traditional mechanical flushing approaches. The findings might provide theoretical and engineering inspirations for solving sewer sediment issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Qiwen Qin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Qiao Wei
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Dong Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yumeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an 710055, China.
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Wilson GJL, Lu C, Lapworth DJ, Kumar A, Ghosh A, Niasar VJ, Krause S, Polya DA, Gooddy DC, Richards LA. Spatial and seasonal controls on dissolved organic matter composition in shallow aquifers under the rapidly developing city of Patna, India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166208. [PMID: 37567307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) affects numerous (bio)geochemical processes in environmental matrices including groundwater. This study reports the spatial and seasonal controls on the distribution of groundwater DOM under the rapidly developing city of Patna, Bihar (India). Major DOM constituents were determined from river and groundwater samples taken in both pre- and post-monsoon seasons in 2019, using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. We compared aqueous fluorescent DOM (fDOM) composition to satellite-derived land use data across the field area, testing the hypothesis that the composition of groundwater DOM, and particularly the components associated with surface-derived ingress, may be controlled, in part, by land use. In the pre-monsoon season, the prominence of tryptophan-like components likely generated from recent biological activity overwhelmed the humic-like and tyrosine-like fluorescence signals. Evidence from fluorescence data suggest groundwater in the post-monsoon season is composed of predominantly i) plant-derived matter and ii) anthropogenically influenced DOM (e.g. tryptophan-like components). Organic tracers, as well as Eh and Cl-, suggest monsoonal events mobilise surface-derived material from the unsaturated zone, causing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of more microbial nature to infiltrate to >100 m depth. A correlation between higher protein:humic-like fluorescence and lower vegetation index (NDVI), determined from satellite-based land use data, in the post-monsoon season, indicates the ingression of wastewater-derived OM in groundwater under the urban area. Attenuated protein:humic-like fluorescence in groundwater close to the river points towards the mixing of groundwater and river water. This ingress of surface-derived OM is plausibly exacerbated by intensive groundwater pumping under these areas. Our approach to link the composition of aqueous organics with land use could easily be adapted for similar hydrogeochemical settings to determine the factors controlling groundwater DOM composition in various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J L Wilson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Chuanhe Lu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Dan J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Ashok Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Vahid J Niasar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom; LEHNA- Laboratoire d'ecologie des hydrosystemes naturels et anthropises, University of Lyon, France
| | - David A Polya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Daren C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Laura A Richards
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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8
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Sánez JM, Bell KY, Wells MJM. Transformation of organic carbon through medium pressure (polychromatic) UV disinfection of wastewater effluent during wet weather events. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165149. [PMID: 37385498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
An observed decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations following wastewater disinfection with medium pressure (MP, polychromatic) ultraviolet (UV) irradiation during wet weather flows is investigated. When antecedent rainfall in the previous 7-days was >2 in (5 cm), TOC and DOC concentrations decreased dramatically following MP-UV disinfection. Organic carbon surrogate measurements of biological oxygen demand (BOD), TOC, DOC, turbidity, UVA - 254 nm, SUVA (specific UVA), scanning UV-Visible spectra (200-600 nm), fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra, and light scattering data are presented for wastewater resource recovery facility (WRRF) influent, secondary effluent (pre-UV-disinfection), and MP-UV-disinfected (final effluent) samples. TOC and DOC in wastewater influent and secondary effluent (i.e., pre-UV disinfection) correlated with antecedent rainfall conditions. The percent TOC and DOC removal through secondary treatment (i.e., from influent to effluent pre-UV) and the percent TOC and DOC removal through MP-UV disinfection (i.e., from effluent pre-UV to effluent post-UV) were compared and the latter approached 90 % through MP-UV disinfection during high antecedent rainfall conditions. Spectroscopy (UV, visible, or fluorescence) was performed on samples after filtration through 0.45 μm filters, i.e., the operationally defined DOC fraction of aquatic carbon. Scanning UV-visible spectra indicated transformation of an unidentified wastewater component into light-scattering entities regardless of antecedent rainfall conditions. The types of organic carbon (diagenetic, biogenic, or anthropogenic) and the significance of wet weather are discussed. An organic carbon contribution via infiltration and inflow was attributed as a source-of-interest in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Sánez
- Federal University for Latin American Integration (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil; Center for the Management, Utilization and Protection of Water Resources and Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, United States.
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9
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Li M, Fu L, Deng L, Hu Y, Yuan Y, Wu C. A tailored and rapid approach for ozonation catalyst design. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:100244. [PMID: 36820151 PMCID: PMC9938169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic ozonation is widely employed in advanced wastewater treatment owing to its high mineralization of refractory organics. The key to high mineralization is the compatibility between catalyst formulation and wastewater quality. Machine learning can greatly improve experimental efficiency, while fluorescence data can provide additional wastewater quality information on the composition and concentration of organics, which is conducive to optimizing catalyst formulation. In this study, machine learning combined with fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to develop ozonation catalysts (Mn/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was used as an example). Based on the data collected from 52 different catalysts, a machine-learning model was established to predict catalyst performance. The correlation coefficient between the experimental and model-predicted values was 0.9659, demonstrating the robustness and good generalization ability of the model. The range of the catalyst formulations was preliminarily screened by fluorescence spectroscopy. When the wastewater was dominated by tryptophan-like and soluble microbial products, the impregnation concentration and time of Mn(NO3)2 were less than 0.3 mol L-1 and 10 h, respectively. Furthermore, the optimized Mn/γ-Al2O3 formulation obtained by the model was impregnation with 0.155 mol L-1 Mn(NO3)2 solution for 8.5 h and calcination at 600 °C for 3.5 h. The model-predicted and experimental values for total organic carbon removal were 54.48% and 53.96%, respectively. Finally, the improved catalytic performance was attributed to the synergistic effect of oxidation (•OH and 1O2) and the Mn/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. This study provides a rapid approach to catalyst design based on the characteristics of wastewater quality using machine learning combined with fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Liya Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Liyan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yingming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Urban and Environment Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Changyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Zhang X, Ke X, Du Y, Tao Y, Xue J, Li Q, Xie X, Deng Y. Coupled effects of sedimentary iron oxides and organic matter on geogenic phosphorus mobilization in alluvial-lacustrine aquifers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163216. [PMID: 37004762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The organic matter (OM) biodegradation and reductive dissolution of iron oxides have been acknowledged as key factors in the release of geogenic phosphorus (P) to groundwater. However, the coupled effects of natural OM with iron oxides on the mobilization of geogenic P remain unclear. Groundwater with high and low P concentrations has been observed in two boreholes in the alluvial-lacustrine aquifer system of the Central Yangtze River Basin. Sediment samples from these boreholes were examined for their P and Fe species as well as their OM properties. The results show that sediments from borehole S1 with high P levels contain more bioavailable P, particularly iron oxide bound P (Fe-P) and organic P (OP) than those from borehole S2 with low P levels. Regarding borehole S2, Fe-P and OP show positive correlations with total organic carbon as well as amorphous iron oxides (FeOX1), which indicate the presence of Fe-OM-P ternary complexes, further evidenced by FTIR results. In a reducing environment, the protein-like component (C3) and terrestrial humic-like component (C2) will biodegrade. In the process of C3 biodegradation, FeOX1 will act as electron acceptors and then undergo reductive dissolution. In the process of C2 biodegradation, FeOX1 and crystalline iron oxides (FeOX2) will act as electron acceptors. FeOX2 will also act as conduits in the microbial utilization pathway. However, the formation of stable P-Fe-OM ternary complexes will inhibit the reductive dissolution of iron oxides and OM biodegradation, thus inhibiting the mobilization of P. This study provides new insights into the enrichment and mobilization of P in alluvial-lacustrine aquifer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xianzhong Ke
- Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey (Central South China Innovation Center for Geosciences), Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yao Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanqiu Tao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangkai Xue
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey (Central South China Innovation Center for Geosciences), Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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11
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Nurhayati M, You Y, Park J, Lee BJ, Kang HG, Lee S. Artificial neural network implementation for dissolved organic carbon quantification using fluorescence intensity as a predictor in wastewater treatment plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139032. [PMID: 37236275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although spectroscopic methods provide a fast and cost-effective means of monitoring dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in natural and engineered water systems, the prediction accuracy of these methods is limited by the complex relationship between optical properties and DOC concentration. In this study, we developed DOC prediction models using multiple linear/log-linear regression and feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) and investigated the effectiveness of spectroscopic properties, such as fluorescence intensity and UV absorption at 254 nm (UV254), as predictors. Optimum predictors were identified based on correlation analysis to construct models using single and multiple predictors. We compared the peak-picking and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) methods for selecting appropriate fluorescence wavelengths. Both methods had similar prediction capability (p-values >0.05), suggesting PARAFAC was not necessary for choosing fluorescence predictors. Fluorescence peak T was identified as a more accurate predictor than UV254. Combining UV254 and multiple fluorescence peak intensities as predictors further improved the prediction capability of the models. The ANN models outperformed the linear/log-linear regression models with multiple predictors, achieving higher prediction accuracy (peak-picking: R2 = 0.8978, RMSE = 0.3105 mg/L; PARAFAC: R2 = 0.9079, RMSE = 0.2989 mg/L). These findings suggest the potential to develop a real-time DOC concentration sensor based on optical properties using an ANN for signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mita Nurhayati
- Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia
| | - Youngmin You
- Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkwan Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joon Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Geun Kang
- BIN-TECH KOREA Co., Ltd., A 3S52, 158-10, Sajik-daero 361beon-gil, Sangdang-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyun Lee
- Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Yu J, Xiao K, Xu H, Li Y, Xue Q, Xue W, Zhang A, Wen X, Xu G, Huang X. Spectroscopic fingerprints profiling the polysaccharide/protein/humic architecture of stratified extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119866. [PMID: 36934542 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), with a stratified structure including tightly-bound EPS (TB-EPS), loosely-bound EPS (LB-EPS), and soluble EPS (S-EPS) surrounding the microbial cells, are known to vitally affect the physicochemical and biological functions of activated sludge in wastewater treatment. Polysaccharides (PS), proteins (PN), and humic acids (HA) are key components of EPS but their roles in constructing the multi-layer architecture are still unclear. This study explored the EPS characteristics in relation to the components using spectroscopic fingerprinting techniques. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra demonstrated stark difference between TB-EPS and other EPS. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) and apparent quantum yield revealed further detailed differences. Fluorescence quotient analysis highlighted the dominance of TB-EPS, LB-EPS, and S-EPS in the excitation/emission wavelength (Ex/Em) region of Em = 350-400 nm, Em > 400 nm, and low-Stokes shift band (Em - Ex < 25 nm), respectively. Wavelength-wise prediction of the FEEM intensity was achieved through multiple linear regression against the chemical composition and variance partitioning analysis witnessed binary interactions of PS×HA and PS×PN in S-EPS, PN×HA and PS×PN in LB-EPS, and ternary interaction of PS×PN×HA in TB-EPS as well as the wavelength-specific fluorescence responses of these interactions. Further, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectra, and circular dichroism spectra corroborated the differences in primary, secondary, and tertiary structures across the EPS layers. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry detected molecular fragments confirming the multi-component hybridization among PS, PN, and HA. This study demonstrates a spectroscopic approach to sensitively fingerprint the fine structure of EPS, which has the potential for rapid monitoring of EPS and related sludge properties in wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Yu
- Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenchao Xue
- Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change, School of Environment, Resources, and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xianghua Wen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Guoren Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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13
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Li D, He H, Jia J, Shi W, Yin F, Yu J, Chen M, Ma J. Mitigation of ultrafiltration membrane fouling by a simulated sunlight-peroxymonosulfate system with the assistance of irradiated NOM. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119452. [PMID: 36502655 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation pretreatments prior to ultrafiltration are hindered by the need for energy input and sludge disposal. Herein, a simulated sunlight-induced natural organic matter (NOM) for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation was used as pretreatment to alleviate ultrafiltration membrane fouling caused by NOM itself in the Songhua River water. When light intensity was over 100 mW/cm2, the pretreatment removed NOM effectively, characterized with UV254, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and maximum fluorescent intensity (Fmax), and improved filtration flux. At 200 mW/cm2 light intensity and 0.5 mM PMS, 57.5% of UV254 and 18.5% of DOC were removed, and humic-like fluorescent component was degraded by 84%-94% while ∼60% for protein-like substance. Membrane flux was increased by 94%, and reversible and irreversible fouling resistances were reduced by 62.4% and 51.9%, respectively. Both total fouling index (TFI) and hydraulic irreversible fouling index (HIFI) were moderately correlated with the DOC, whereas they prominently correlated with the UV254 and the Fmaxs of all fluorescence components, which could be served as key indicators to predict and control membrane fouling. Mathematical modeling showed that the pretreatment alleviated the fouling in the membrane pores and cake layer. The simulated sunlight-induced NOM (3NOM* and eaq¯) could activate PMS to form active species, which enabled to oxidize high molecular weight (MW) substances and mineralize low MW compounds in NOM as well as hinder their linking with inorganic cations, thereby reducing organic and inorganic membrane fouling simultaneously. This study may provide a new strategy for decentralized potable water treatment, especially in a single household or community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China; China Everbright Water Limited, Shenzhen 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Mindong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Chen Z, Huang Z, Liu H, Wang H, Wei Z. Pb 0 flue gas biosorption in denitrifying MBfR: Characteristics and binding ability of extracellular polymeric substances. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137703. [PMID: 36587914 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pb0 in flue gas which is ubiquitous in the environment, poses a certain threat to human and ecology, but the study on EPS-dependent stabilization of lead to remove Pb0 from flue gas remains insufficient. In this investigation, the characteristics and heavy metals-binding ability of four EPS fractions were evaluated. The EPS were extracted from denitrifying membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) and divided into slime EPS (S-EPS), loosely-bound EPS (LB-EPS), tightly-bound EPS (TB-EPS) and EPS in circulating flow (Y-EPS). The S, LB, TB-EPS related to Pb stabilization on biofilm need more attention. Compared to Pb-S-EPS (0.013 mg g-1) and Pb-LB-EPS (0.13 mg g-1), the Pb-TB-EPS (0.26 mg g-1) was mainly stable form of vapor Pb0, since TB-EPS's higher content (30.67-82.44 mg g-1 VSS), proteins (13.47-36.32 mg g-1 VSS) and polysaccharides (9.37-32.48 mg g-1 VSS) concentration. Particularly, proteins related ligands were more effective in S, LB, TB-EPS dependent adsorption of Pb, complexing with hydrophobic acid ligands further strengthened in TB-EPS adsorption. The Pb-EPS complex formed via binding with functional groups (such as O-H, N-H, C-H and CC) on EPS, also facilitated by loose structure of proteins. This study enlightens the researchers on the bio-treatment and EPS-dependent biosorption of Pb0 in flue gas in denitrifying MBfR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyao Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenshan Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haixu Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zaishan Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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15
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Jin M, Liu H, Deng H, Xiao H, Liu S, Yao H. Dissociation and removal of alkali and alkaline earth metals from sewage sludge flocs during separate and assisted thermal hydrolysis. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119409. [PMID: 36462258 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High levels of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM, including K, Na, Ca, and Mg) in sludge needs to be removed in pretreatment process for alleviating adverse effects on subsequent disposal. Theoretically, the liquid environment provided by the pretreatment technology of thermal hydrolysis (TH) is the ideal condition for the dissolution of AAEM. Therefore, this work quantified AAEM removal efficiency of TH and carbonaceous skeleton (CSkel) assisted TH that we previously proposed for sludge dewatering. Then the mechanism of AAEM dissociating from sludge was explored through the new perspective of biological structure evolution and chemical species transformation. The results showed that all of the AAEM in raw sludge was trapped in extracellular polymer substances (EPS) and cells. Only the water-soluble K/Na in EPS could be released by TH to the supernatant, the residual K/Na in EPS was organically linked with humic matters that were generated through the degradation of proteins. Water/NH4Ac-soluble K/Na in cells still stayed inside with a more stable form of HCl-soluble after TH. Fortunately, with the assistance of CSkel, this part of K/Na could be leached out due to organic acids derived from hemicellulose decomposition. In such a case, the removal efficiency of K/Na was elevated to 55.5% and 72.5%, respectively. Unlike K/Na, nearly all the Ca/Mg in EPS were transferred to cell residuals during TH. They were combined with the bio-phosphorus in cell residuals as the form of HCl-soluble Ca/Mg-P precipitates, rather than carbonates, sulfates or other compounds. This precipitation reaction was also moderately suppressed in CSkel-assisted TH with low pH, then 7.7% and 34.1% of Ca/Mg were taken away by filtrate. This means that appropriately raising the reaction temperature and adding CSkel with high hemicellulose/cellulose contents can promote the removal of AAEM in sludge during TH process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Hongping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Hunan province Key Laboratory of Efficient & Clean Thermal Power Generation Technologies, State Grid Hunan Electric Power Corporation Research Institute, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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16
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Nakaya Y, Tomita A, Ochiai K, Yamamura H. Quantification of organic fluorophores in absorbing media by solid-phase fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (SPF-EEM) spectroscopy of modeled mixtures containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and colorants. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121885. [PMID: 36126625 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (SPF-EEM) spectroscopy is beneficial for investigating the characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) in the solid phase without extraction procedures. However, inner filter effect (IFE) due to the presence of dark components in samples can make it difficult to quantify the fluorophore concentration. To establish a new method to determine unknown concentrations of a fluorescent material in a sample containing various absorbing materials by SPF spectroscopy, modeled mixtures containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and colorants at different ratios were examined. Fluorescence intensities of BSA against various concentrations afforded different saturation curves for different colorants in the mixtures, suggesting that it is difficult to use the SPF intensity for quantifying the concentration of fluorescent samples in which IFE has occurred, because one cannot obtain a single calibration curve that does not depend on the absorbing medium that it is mixed in. However, products of the fluorescence intensity and Kubelka-Munk (KM) function at the excitation wavelength were proportional to the first order of BSA weight concentrations, regardless of the colorant type. By using this trend as a calibration curve, it may be possible to quantify the amount of BSA from its SPF-EEM spectrum. In this study, the KM function was obtained using an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer with an integrating sphere. To reduce the labor and equipment cost of UV-Vis spectroscopy, a substrate of the KM function also was obtained from the Rayleigh scattering in an SPF-EEM spectrum, which could be used as a parameter for calibration curves that quantify the BSA concentration. Although further studies are required, this study proposed that the product of the SPF intensity and KM function at the excitation wavelength can be partially used for an empirical formula to quantify a variety of fluorescent materials mechanically mixed with various absorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakaya
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Tomita
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ochiai
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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17
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Aguilar-Alarcón P, Zherebker A, Rubekina A, Shirshin E, Simonsen MA, Kolarevic J, Lazado CC, Nikolaev EN, Asimakopoulos AG, Mikkelsen Ø. Impact of ozone treatment on dissolved organic matter in land-based recirculating aquaculture systems studied by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:157009. [PMID: 35772561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), the accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) can have detrimental effects on water quality impacting the system performance, microbial community, and consequently fish health and welfare. Ozone is used in the RAS water treatment process to improve water quality and remove DOM. However, little is known about the molecular composition of DOM in RAS and its transformation when exposed to ozone. In this study, we performed a detailed molecular characterization of DOM in RAS and explored its transformation induced by ozonation of RAS waters. Ultra-high resolution (UHR) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) was used to characterize the DOM matrix of RAS waters (pump-sump and tanks) and to evaluate its transformation by ozonation. The analysis of DOM extracted from makeup water and feed samples allowed for the determination of DOM sources in RAS prior to ozonation. The CHO and unsaturated group of compounds were the most abundant class found in water samples. On the contrary, the DOM from feed samples was unique and consisted mainly of CHO, CHON and unsaturated group of compounds. After the ozonation of RAS waters, humic-like and unsaturated compounds [positive oxygen subtracted double bond equivalent per carbon (DBE-O)/C)] were decomposed, particularly the CHO-DOM that contained fewer -CH2- features. Fulvic-like compounds and several hundred saturated compounds [negative (DBE-O)/C)] were formed post ozonation, particularly the CHON and CHONS group of compounds that were associated with fish diets, makeup waters and transformation products from the ozonation of the RAS waters. This study showed that the high accuracy of the ultra-high resolution FTICR MS can be applied to characterize and monitor the changes of DOM at a molecular level in RAS waters. To our knowledge, this is the first study where FTICR MS was incorporated for the characterization of DOM and its sources in RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aguilar-Alarcón
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Alexander Zherebker
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Novaya St., 100, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Rubekina
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gory 1/2, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Shirshin
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gory 1/2, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Scientific and Technological Biomedical Park, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mads Adrian Simonsen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jelena Kolarevic
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 6600 Sunndalsøra, Norway
| | - Carlo C Lazado
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Evgeny N Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Novaya St., 100, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Øyvind Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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18
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Chow ATS, Ulus Y, Huang G, Kline MA, Cheah WY. Challenges in quantifying and characterizing dissolved organic carbon: Sampling, isolation, storage, and analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2022; 51:837-871. [PMID: 35899915 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advancements in analytical techniques, there are still great challenges and difficulties in accurately and effectively quantifying and characterizing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in environmental samples. The objectives of this review paper are (a) to understand the roles and variability of DOC along the water continuum; (b) to identify the constraints, inconsistences, limitations, and artifacts in DOC characterization; and (c) to provide recommendations and remarks to improve the analytical accuracy. For the first objective, we summarize the four ecological and engineering roles of DOC along the water continuum from source water to municipal utility, including nutrients and energy sources, controlling the fates of micropollutants, buffering capacity, and treatability and precursors of disinfection byproducts. We also discuss three major challenges in DOC analysis, including spatial and temporal variations, degradability and stability, and unknown structures and formulas. For the second objective, we review the procedures and steps in DOC analysis, including sampling in diverse environmental matrices, isolation of DOC fraction, storage and preservation techniques, and analyses on bulk chemical characteristics. We list and discuss the available options and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each choice. Last, we provide recommendations and remarks for each stage: sampling, isolation, storage, and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Tat-Shing Chow
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology & Forest Science, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Yener Ulus
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Guocheng Huang
- Dep. of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fuzhou Univ., Minhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Michael Alan Kline
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology & Forest Science, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Wing-Yee Cheah
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology & Forest Science, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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Philibert M, Luo S, Moussanas L, Yuan Q, Filloux E, Zraick F, Murphy KR. Drinking water aromaticity and treatability is predicted by dissolved organic matter fluorescence. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118592. [PMID: 35613481 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Samples from fifty-five surface water resources and twenty-five drinking water treatment plants in Europe, Africa, Asia, and USA were used to analyse the fluorescence composition of global surface waters and predict aromaticity and treatability from fluorescence excitation emission matrices. Nine underlying fluorescence components were identified in the dataset using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and differences in aromaticity and treatability could be predicted from ratios between components Hii (λex/λem= 395/521), Hiii (λex/λem= 330/404), Pi, (λex/λem=290/365) and Pii (λex/λem= 275/302). Component Hii tracked humic acids of primarily plant origin, Hiii tracked weathered/oxidised humics and the "building block" fraction measured by LC-OCD, while Pi and Pii tracked amino acids in the "low molecular weight neutrals" LC-OCD fraction. Ratios between PARAFAC components predicted DOC removal at lab scale for French rivers in standardized tests involving coagulation, powdered activated carbon (PAC), chlorination, ion exchange (IEX), and ozonation, alone and in combination. The ratio Hii/Hiii, for convenience named "PARIX" standing for "PARAFAC index", predicted SUVA according to a simple relationship: SUVA = 4.0 x PARIX (RMSEp=0.55) Lmg-1m-1. These results expand the utility of fluorescence spectroscopy in water treatment applications, by demonstrating the existence of previously unknown relationships between fluorescence composition, aromaticity and treatability that appear to hold across diverse surface waters at various stages of drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Philibert
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Simin Luo
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Lavel Moussanas
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Qingqing Yuan
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | | | - Flavia Zraick
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Kathleen R Murphy
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Ju J, Choi Y, Lee S, Park CG, Hwang T, Jung N. Comparison of Pretreatment Methods for Salinity Gradient Power Generation Using Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) Systems. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040372. [PMID: 35448343 PMCID: PMC9024728 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing concern about climate change and the energy crisis, the use of reverse electrodialysis (RED) to utilize salinity gradient power (SGP) has drawn attention as one of the promising renewable energy sources. However, one of the critical issues in RED processes is membrane fouling and channel blockage, which lead to a decrease in the power density. Thus, this study aims to improve our understanding of SGP generation by using RED by investigating the effect of pretreatment on the RED performance. Experiments were conducted by using a laboratory-scale experimental setup for RED. The low-salinity and high-salinity feed solutions were brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) brine from a wastewater reclamation plant, and a NaCl solution simulating seawater desalination brine. Several pretreatments were applied to the RED process, such as cartridge filter (CF), microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), activated filter media (AFM), and granular activated carbon (GAC). The results indicate that the open-circuit voltage (OCV) and the power density were similar, except for in the NF pretreatment, which removed the dissolved ions to increase the net SGP. However, the pressure in the RED stack was significantly affected by the pretreatment types. The excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) quantified the organic compounds that are related to the stack pressure. These results suggest that the removal of both colloidal and organic matters by pretreatments is crucial for improving the RED performance by reducing the pressure that is increased in the RED stack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Ju
- Environmental Technology Division Water Environment Center, Korea Testing Laboratory, 87, Digital-ro 26-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08389, Korea; (J.J.); (C.-g.P.)
| | - Yongjun Choi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
| | - Sangho Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-910-4529
| | - Chan-gyu Park
- Environmental Technology Division Water Environment Center, Korea Testing Laboratory, 87, Digital-ro 26-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08389, Korea; (J.J.); (C.-g.P.)
| | - Taemun Hwang
- Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283, Goyangdae-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si 10223, Korea;
| | - Namjo Jung
- Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200, Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si 63357, Korea;
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